Cultural dimensions and materialism: comparing Canada and China

The purpose of this paper is to examine levels of materialism in Canada and China and how they vary with differences in culture.

Data were gathered from students and the general public with self‐completed surveys using measures for materialism and culture.

In the first stage of analysis, levels of materialism were examined across countries. Overall, materialism was higher for the Chinese than the Canadians on all Richins and Dawson's dimensions except acquisition centrality. To investigate these unexpected results, levels of Hofstede's cultural dimensions were compared across country, age, and gender and it was seen that the Chinese outscored Canadians on all dimensions except uncertainty avoidance. Finally, the association between the components of materialism and dimensions of culture was examined and a cultural explanation for at least part of the difference in level of materialism between the two countries found.

Data were collected in specific regions of the countries. Owing to the characteristics of the two regions, a more general approach to data sampling would likely produce even more pronounced differences than those noted here.

A better understanding of the nature of materialism and how it varies across cultures should enable marketers, policy makers, and social planners to act more effectively.

This paper finds some unexpected differences in materialism and goes on to find that the cultural differences between Canada and China have changed since the original Hofstede data were collected.