Stevenson, L. (1987), Seven Theories of Human Nature, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, .

Schellenberg, J.A. (1978), Masters of Social Psychology, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, .

Bates, R.J. (1993), "On knowing: cultural and critical approaches to educational administration", Educational Management and Administration, Vol. 21 No.3, pp.171-6.

Gardner, H. (1985), The Mind’s New Science, Basic Books, New York, NY, .

Senge, P.M. (1990), The Fifth Discipline, Doubleday, New York, NY, .

Schon, D. (1983), The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action, Basic Books, New York, NY, .

Parkinson, C.N., Rustomji, M.K., Sapre, S.A. (1986), Great Ideas in Management, Federal Publications, Kuala Lumpur, .

(1992), "General Guidelines for Malay Spelling", Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, .

(1992), "General Guidelines for the Formation of Terms in Malay", Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, .

(1992), "Guide for the Compilation of Terminological Dictionaries", Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, .

Omar, A.H. (1987), Malay in Its Sociocultural Context, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, .

Bajunid, I.A. "Pembinaan dan Penggunaan Bahasa Melayu Tinggi Dalam Usaha Pembinaan Tubuh Ilmu Peribumi Bidang Pengurusan Pendidikan", .

Alhabshi, S.O., Ghazali, A.H. (Eds) (1994), Islamic Values and Management, Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Kuala Lumpur, .

"INTAN, Civil Service Ethics", Tonggak Dua Belas, The Twelve Pillars, .

Wan, M., Noordin, Z.M. Wawasan Pendidikan, Educational Vision, .

Rohwer, J. (1995), Asia Rising, Butterworth-Heinemann Asia, Singapore, .

Lincicome, M. (1993), "Nationalism, internationalization, and the dilemma of educational reform in Japan", Comparative Education Review, Vol. 37 No.2, pp.123-51.

Bredeson, P.V. (1988), "Perspectives on schools: metaphors and management in education", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 26 No.3, pp.293-310.

al ‘Alwani, T.J. Outlines of a Cultural Strategy, .

Al-Murabit, S.A. (1995), Root Islamic Education, S. Abdul Majeed, Kuala Lumpur, .

Rosenthal, F. (1970), Knowledge Triumphant: The Concept of Knowledge in Medieval Islam, E. J. Brill, Leiden, .

Bennabi, M. (1994), The Problem of Ideas in the Muslim World, Petaling Jaya Budaya Ilmu Sdn. Bhd., .

Van Doren, C. (1991), A History of Knowledge, Ballantine Books, New York, NY, .

Tarnas, R. (1991), The Passion of the Western Mind, Ballantine Books, New York, NY, .

(1989), "International Institute of Islamic Thought, “Toward Islamization of disciplines", Islamization of Knowledge Series No. 6, Herndon, VA, .

Doi, A.R.I. (1992), The Cardinal Principles of Islam, A.S. Noordeen, Kuala Lumpur, .

"One important symbolic indicator of focus in addressing an audience in Malaysia - the stance of the writer or speaker - is in the sequence of emphasis regarding sacrifice in the service of religion (a agama, race ( bangsa or nation (negara), see [28]. For a framework in understanding cultural communication, see, for instance, [29].", .

Dhaouadi, M. (1996), Toward Islamic Sociology of Cultural Symbols, A.S. Noordeen, Kuala Lumpur, .

Trompenaars, F. (1993), Riding the Waves of Culture, Nicholas Brealey, London, .

Langer, E.J. (1989), Mindfulness, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, .

Davutoglu, A. (1994), Civilizational Transformation and the Muslim World, Mahir Publications Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, .

"The notion of civil society when discussed from the Islamic perspective has different historical “essence", terminology and epistemology and even ultimate future goals. In a communist or socialist context, .

"Address by Anwar Ibrahim, the Darul Iman Lecture Series, Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, 16 May 1996", .

Heifetz, M.I. (1995), Leading Change, Overcoming Chaos, S. Abdul Majeed & Co., Kuala Lumpur, .

Jabnoun, N. The Leadership of Umar Ibnu Al-Khattab, INCAS Learning Consultancy Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, 8 February 1996., .

Jabnoun, N. (10-11), Conflict Management: The Islamic Way, INCAS Learning Consultancy Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, .

"Efforts are now underway to write a work considered to be important pertaining to the Islamic Perspective of Management[38]", .

"An Islamic Perspective of Management", Malaysia (in preparation)., project sponsored by the National Institute of Public Administration, .

Hand, M., Plowman, B. (Eds) (1993), Quality Management Handbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, London, .

Schultz, L.E. (1994), Profiles in Quality: Learning from the Masters, Quality Resources, New York, NY, .

Edmonds, R. (1995), "Effective schools for the urban poor", Educational Leadership, Vol. 37 No.1, pp.15-27.

Mortimer, P. (13), "Key characteristics of effective schools", Institut Aminuddin Baki, Ministry of Education, Malaysia, paper delivered in The Effective School Seminar, .

Thom, D.J. (1993), Educational Management and Leadership, Detselig Enterprises, Calgary, Alberta, .

Crainer, S. (1996), Key Management Ideas, Pitman Publishing, London, .

Hoyt, E.P. (1993), Three Military Leaders, Kodansha International, Tokyo, .

Donnithorne, L.R. (1994), The Westpoint Way of Leadership: From Learning Principled Leadership to Practising It, Doubleday, New York, NY, .

Heider, J. (1988), The Tao of Leadership, Bantam Books, New York, NY, .

Messing, B. (1992), The Tao of Management, Bantam Books, New York, NY, .

Gullick, J.M. (1958), Indigenous Political Systems of Western Malaya, Sathlone Press, London, .

Mahathir, M. (28), "Malaysia: the way forward", paper presented to the Malaysian Business Council, .

"The paper[50] known as Malaysia’s Vision 2020 has become the primary point of national inspiration and reference for all development efforts in all sectors of government and private endeavours. Vision 2020 is the clarion call for national self-esteem and development, based on indigenous values and aspirations", .

Ahmad Sarji bin Abdul Hamid Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia: Satu Peralihan Paradigma, The Malaysian Civil Service: A Paradigmatic Change, .

Willower, D.J. (1995), "Philosophy and the study of educational administration", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 33 No.1, pp.5-22.

Lipham, J.M. (1974), The Principalship: Foundations and Functions, Harper & Row, New York, NY, pp.68-89.

Al-Safi, S.O.A. (1992), Accountability - A Comparative Study of Human Responsibility between Islam and Man-made Doctrines, Petaling Jaya, Darulfikir, .

Jones, F.B., Villines, R.T. "Japanese management: what is it and can it be used in education? Planning and changing", A Journal for School Administrators, .

Ouchi, W.G. (1982), Theory Z, Avon Books, New York, NY, .

Glasser, W. (1990), The Quality School, Harper & Row, New York, NY, .

Hopkins, D. (2), "The international school improvement project (ISIP) and effective schooling: towards a synthesis", School Organization, Vol. 10.

Pashiardis, P. (1995), "Cyprus principals and the universalities of effective leadership", International Studies in Educational Administration, Vol. 23 No.1, pp.16-26.

Burlingame, M. (1985), "Pity the poor professor of educational administration: the puzzlements of knowledge and of practice", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 33 No.1, pp.39-52.

Rutter, M (1979), et al, Fifteen Thousand Hours, Open Books, London, .

Booth, W.C. (Ed.) (1967), The Knowledge Most Worth Having, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, .

Brieschke, P.A. "The administrator in fiction: using the novel to teach educational administration", Educational Administration Quarterly, .

Bajunid, I.A. (1995), "The educational administrator as a cultural leader", Journal of the Malaysian Educational Manager, Vol. 1 No.1, .

"Institut Aminuddin Baki, The National Institute of Educational Management, Malaysia, was developed by indigenous conceptualization deliberately without the advice of outside consultants for the first decade of its existence. After the indigenous agenda was put in place and institutionalized, during the second decade, there was a lot of exchange of consultants particularly in specific areas of training programmes but not in how to develop the institute", .

McLean, I.R. (1984), "Training in educational administration: development of an area resource model", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 22 No.2, pp.206-22.

Hashim, R., Boles, H.W. (1984), "A model for in-service professional development of educational administrators", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 22 No.2, pp.247-61.

Mulford, W. (1984), "On teaching educational administration", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 22 No.2, pp.223-46.

Bajunid, I.A. (1996), "The development of an indigenous model of core curriculum for the training of educational managers and leaders", Institute Aminuddin Baki, January, paper presented at the Advanced Course for School Principals, .

"Human resource development - issues in the public service. The self-fulfilling myth of excellence: fostering and sustaining cultures of excellence in the Malaysia education system", INTAN, Bukit Kiara, Kuala Lumpur, paper presented at the National Conference on the Civil Service: Public Sector Performance - Gearing toward Being World Class, .

Dubin, A.E. (1987), "Administrative training: socializing our school leaders", Planning and Changing - A Journal for School Administrators, Vol. 18 No.1, pp.33-7.

Hoyle, J.R. (1987), "Testing Texas administrators: planning and changing", A Journal for School Administrators, Vol. 18 No.2, pp.67-73.

Coleman, D.G., Achilles, C.M. (1987), "An agenda for program improvement in education administration preparation: planning and changing", A Journal for School Administrators, Vol. 18 No.2, pp.120-7.

Allcock, D. (Ed.) (1995), Administrative Skills - A Practical Handbook, S. Abdul Majeed & Co., Kuala Lumpur, .

Weeks, J. (1988), "Current issues in professional development in developing countries: a personal view", The Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 26 No.3, pp.382-92.

Douglas, A. (1988), "Administration in less developed countries: considerations for educators", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 26 No.3, pp.367-81.

Hofstede, G. "Motivation, leadership, and organizational development: do American theories apply abroad?", Organizational Dynamics, Summer 1980, pp.42-63.

Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture’s Consequences, Sage, London, .

"Compare Trompenaars’ categories to Hofstede’s four main criteria of differences in national cultures which affects a nation’s adaptability and non-adaptability to a given administrative theory", .

Greenfield, T., Ribbins, P. (Eds) (1993), Greenfield on Educational Administration - Towards a Humane Science, Routledge, London, .

Campbell, T. (1981), Seven Theories of Human Society, Clarendon Press, Oxford, .

‘Uthman El-Muhammady, M. (1984), "Pondok education as indigenous education", Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 1 No.1, pp.52-65.

Altalib, H. (1991), Training Guide for Islamic Workers, The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon, VA, .

Thomson, S.D. (Ed.) (1992), School Leadership, Corwin Press, Newbury Park, CA, .

Bennett, S.J. (1974), The School: An Organizational Analysis, Blackie, Glasgow, .

Handy, C.B. (1985), Understanding Organizations, Penguin, London, .

Argyris, C. (1974), The Applicability of Organizational Sociology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, .

Halpin, A.W., Croft, D.B. (1963), Organizational Climate of Schools, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, .

Thomas, A.R. (1976), "The organizational climate of schools", International Review of Education, Vol. 22 pp.441-63.

Tenner, A.R., DeToro, I.J. (1992), Total Quality Management, Addison-Wesley, New York, NY, .

Schultz, L.E. (1994), Profiles in Quality: Learning from the Masters, Quality Resources, New York, NY, .

Ellis, R. (Ed.) (1993), Quality Assurance for University Teaching, Open University Press, London, .

Kanter, R.M. (1995), World Class, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY, .

Wiarda, H.J. (1984), Ethnocentrism in Foreign Policy, American Enterprise, Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, .