World Journal of EngineeringTable of Contents for World Journal of Engineering. List of articles from the current issue, including Just Accepted (EarlyCite)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1708-5284/vol/21/iss/2?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestWorld Journal of EngineeringEmerald Publishing LimitedWorld Journal of EngineeringWorld Journal of Engineeringhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/journal/bafc5001bef3bf49242c134bc0127772/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:wje.cover.jpghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1708-5284/vol/21/iss/2?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestANN-based performance prediction of electrical discharge machining of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloyshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-02-2022-0068/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to predict the machining performance of electrical discharge machining of Ti-13Nb-13Zr (TNZ) alloy, a promising biomedical alloy, using artificial neural networks (ANN) models. In the research, three major performance characteristics, i.e. the material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR), were chosen for the study. The input parameters for machining were the voltage, current, pulse-on time and pulse-off time. For the ANN model, a two-layer feedforward network with sigmoid hidden neurons and linear output neurons were chosen. Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm was used to train the neural networks. The optimal ANN structure comprises four neurons in input layer, ten neurons in hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer (4–10-1). In predicting MRR, the 60–20-20 data split provides the lowest MSE (0.0021179) and highest R-value for training (0.99976). On the contrary, the 70–15-15 data split results in the best performance in predicting both TWR and SR. The model achieves the lowest MSE and highest R-value for training in predicting TWR as 1.17E-06 and 0.84488, respectively. Increasing the number of hidden neurons of the network further deteriorates the performance. In predicting SR, the authors find the best MSE and R-value as 0.86748 and 0.94024, respectively. This is a novel approach in performance prediction of electrical discharge machining in terms of new workpiece material (TNZ alloys).ANN-based performance prediction of electrical discharge machining of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys
Md Doulotuzzaman Xames, Fariha Kabir Torsha, Ferdous Sarwar
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.217-227

The purpose of this paper is to predict the machining performance of electrical discharge machining of Ti-13Nb-13Zr (TNZ) alloy, a promising biomedical alloy, using artificial neural networks (ANN) models.

In the research, three major performance characteristics, i.e. the material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR), were chosen for the study. The input parameters for machining were the voltage, current, pulse-on time and pulse-off time. For the ANN model, a two-layer feedforward network with sigmoid hidden neurons and linear output neurons were chosen. Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm was used to train the neural networks.

The optimal ANN structure comprises four neurons in input layer, ten neurons in hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer (4–10-1). In predicting MRR, the 60–20-20 data split provides the lowest MSE (0.0021179) and highest R-value for training (0.99976). On the contrary, the 70–15-15 data split results in the best performance in predicting both TWR and SR. The model achieves the lowest MSE and highest R-value for training in predicting TWR as 1.17E-06 and 0.84488, respectively. Increasing the number of hidden neurons of the network further deteriorates the performance. In predicting SR, the authors find the best MSE and R-value as 0.86748 and 0.94024, respectively.

This is a novel approach in performance prediction of electrical discharge machining in terms of new workpiece material (TNZ alloys).

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ANN-based performance prediction of electrical discharge machining of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys10.1108/WJE-02-2022-0068World Journal of Engineering2022-11-22© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedMd Doulotuzzaman XamesFariha Kabir TorshaFerdous SarwarWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-11-2210.1108/WJE-02-2022-0068https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-02-2022-0068/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Influence of basin water depth in the distillate yield of traditional and developed passive single basin double slope solar stillhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0337/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of basin water depth towards the cumulative distillate yield of the traditional and developed single basin double slope solar still (DSSS). Modified single basin DSSS integrated with solar operated vacuum fan and external water cooled condenser was fabricated using aluminium material. During sunny season, experimental investigations have been performed in both conventional and modified DSSS at a basin water depth of 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm. Production rate and cumulative distillate yield obtained in traditional and developed DSSS at different water depths were compared and best water depth to attain the maximum productivity and cumulative distillate yield was found out. Results indicated that both traditional and modified double SS produced maximum yield at the minimum water depth of 3 cm. Cumulative distillate yield of the developed SS was 16.39%, 18.86%, 15.22% and 17.07% higher than traditional at water depths of 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm, respectively. Cumulative distillate yield of the developed SS at 3 cm water depth was 73.17% higher than that of the traditional SS at 12 cm depth. Performance evaluation of DSSS at various water depths by integrating the combined solar operated Vacuum fan and external Condenser.Influence of basin water depth in the distillate yield of traditional and developed passive single basin double slope solar still
Naveenkumar R., Shanmugam S., Veerappan AR
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.228-241

The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of basin water depth towards the cumulative distillate yield of the traditional and developed single basin double slope solar still (DSSS).

Modified single basin DSSS integrated with solar operated vacuum fan and external water cooled condenser was fabricated using aluminium material. During sunny season, experimental investigations have been performed in both conventional and modified DSSS at a basin water depth of 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm. Production rate and cumulative distillate yield obtained in traditional and developed DSSS at different water depths were compared and best water depth to attain the maximum productivity and cumulative distillate yield was found out.

Results indicated that both traditional and modified double SS produced maximum yield at the minimum water depth of 3 cm. Cumulative distillate yield of the developed SS was 16.39%, 18.86%, 15.22% and 17.07% higher than traditional at water depths of 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm, respectively. Cumulative distillate yield of the developed SS at 3 cm water depth was 73.17% higher than that of the traditional SS at 12 cm depth.

Performance evaluation of DSSS at various water depths by integrating the combined solar operated Vacuum fan and external Condenser.

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Influence of basin water depth in the distillate yield of traditional and developed passive single basin double slope solar still10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0337World Journal of Engineering2022-12-01© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedNaveenkumar R.Shanmugam S.Veerappan ARWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-12-0110.1108/WJE-08-2022-0337https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0337/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Joint inversion of VES and Rayleigh wave data based on improved DE algorithm for near surface explorationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0193/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestVertical electrical sounding (VES) and Rayleigh wave exploration are widely used in the exploration of near-surface structure, but both have limitations. This study aims to make full use of the advantages of the two methods, reduce the multiple solutions of single inversion and improve the accuracy of the inversion. Thus, a nonlinear joint inversion method of VES and Rayleigh wave exploration based on improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm was proposed. Based on the DE algorithm, a new initialization strategy was proposed. Then, taking AK-type with high-velocity interlayer model and HA-type with low-velocity interlayer model near the surface as examples, the inversion results of different methods were compared and analyzed. Then, the proposed method was applied to the field data in Chengde, Hebei Province, China. The stratum structure was accurately depicted and verified by drilling. The synthetic data and field data results showed that the joint inversion of VES and Rayleigh wave data based on the improved DE algorithm can effectively improve the interpretation accuracy of the single-method inversion and had strong stability and large generalizable ability in near-surface engineering problems. A joint inversion method of VES and Rayleigh wave data based on improved DE algorithm is proposed, which can improve the accuracy of single-method inversion.Joint inversion of VES and Rayleigh wave data based on improved DE algorithm for near surface exploration
Benna Hu, Laifu Wen, Xuemei Zhou
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.242-253

Vertical electrical sounding (VES) and Rayleigh wave exploration are widely used in the exploration of near-surface structure, but both have limitations. This study aims to make full use of the advantages of the two methods, reduce the multiple solutions of single inversion and improve the accuracy of the inversion. Thus, a nonlinear joint inversion method of VES and Rayleigh wave exploration based on improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm was proposed.

Based on the DE algorithm, a new initialization strategy was proposed. Then, taking AK-type with high-velocity interlayer model and HA-type with low-velocity interlayer model near the surface as examples, the inversion results of different methods were compared and analyzed. Then, the proposed method was applied to the field data in Chengde, Hebei Province, China. The stratum structure was accurately depicted and verified by drilling.

The synthetic data and field data results showed that the joint inversion of VES and Rayleigh wave data based on the improved DE algorithm can effectively improve the interpretation accuracy of the single-method inversion and had strong stability and large generalizable ability in near-surface engineering problems.

A joint inversion method of VES and Rayleigh wave data based on improved DE algorithm is proposed, which can improve the accuracy of single-method inversion.

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Joint inversion of VES and Rayleigh wave data based on improved DE algorithm for near surface exploration10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0193World Journal of Engineering2022-12-06© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedBenna HuLaifu WenXuemei ZhouWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-12-0610.1108/WJE-05-2022-0193https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0193/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Design and implementation of a novel multi-faceted-efficient pneumatic dual-axis solar trackerhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0173/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPhotovoltaic (PV) systems are experiencing exponential growth due to environmental concerns, unlimited and ubiquitous solar energy, and starting-to-make-sense panel costs. Alongside designing more efficient solar panels, installing solar trackers and special circuitry for optimizing power delivery to the load according to a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm are other ways of increasing efficiency. However, it is critical for any efficiency increase to account for the power consumption of any amendments. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a novel tracker while using MPPT to boost the PV system's actual efficiency accounting for the involved costs. The proposition is an experimental pneumatic dual-axis solar tracker using light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensors. Due to its embedded energy storage, the pneumatic tracker offers a low duty-cycle operation leading to tracking energy conservation, fewer maintenance needs and scalability potential. While MPPT assures maximum load power delivery, the solar PV's actual delivered power is calculated for the first time, accounting for the solar tracking and MPPT power costs. The experiments' results show an increase of 37.6% in total and 35.3% in actual power production for the proposed solar tracking system compared to the fixed panel system, with an MPPT efficiency of 90%. Thus, the pneumatic tracking system offers low tracking-energy consumption and good actual power efficiency. Also, the newly proposed pneumatic stimulant can significantly simplify the tracking mechanism and benefit from several advantages that come along with it. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work proposes, for the first time, a single-motor pneumatic dual-axis tracker with less implementation cost, less frequent operation switching and scalability potential, to be developed in future works. Also, the pneumatic proposal delivers high actual power efficiency for the first time to be addressed.Design and implementation of a novel multi-faceted-efficient pneumatic dual-axis solar tracker
Mohammad Fathi, Roya Amjadifard, Farshad Eshghi, Manoochehr Kelarestaghi
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.254-266

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are experiencing exponential growth due to environmental concerns, unlimited and ubiquitous solar energy, and starting-to-make-sense panel costs. Alongside designing more efficient solar panels, installing solar trackers and special circuitry for optimizing power delivery to the load according to a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm are other ways of increasing efficiency. However, it is critical for any efficiency increase to account for the power consumption of any amendments. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a novel tracker while using MPPT to boost the PV system's actual efficiency accounting for the involved costs.

The proposition is an experimental pneumatic dual-axis solar tracker using light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensors. Due to its embedded energy storage, the pneumatic tracker offers a low duty-cycle operation leading to tracking energy conservation, fewer maintenance needs and scalability potential. While MPPT assures maximum load power delivery, the solar PV's actual delivered power is calculated for the first time, accounting for the solar tracking and MPPT power costs.

The experiments' results show an increase of 37.6% in total and 35.3% in actual power production for the proposed solar tracking system compared to the fixed panel system, with an MPPT efficiency of 90%. Thus, the pneumatic tracking system offers low tracking-energy consumption and good actual power efficiency. Also, the newly proposed pneumatic stimulant can significantly simplify the tracking mechanism and benefit from several advantages that come along with it.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work proposes, for the first time, a single-motor pneumatic dual-axis tracker with less implementation cost, less frequent operation switching and scalability potential, to be developed in future works. Also, the pneumatic proposal delivers high actual power efficiency for the first time to be addressed.

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Design and implementation of a novel multi-faceted-efficient pneumatic dual-axis solar tracker10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0173World Journal of Engineering2022-12-19© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohammad FathiRoya AmjadifardFarshad EshghiManoochehr KelarestaghiWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-12-1910.1108/WJE-04-2022-0173https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0173/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Improving structural performance of concrete beams by U-wrapped basalt fibre: a retrofitting approachhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0289/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe aim of the work is to investigate structural behaviour of reinforced concrete (RF) beam retrofitted with basalt fibre (BF) fabric. The incorporation of BF showed enhancement in bending strength, to increase confinement and to repair damages caused by cracking. In the early decades, using BF for composite materials shaped BF as an excellent physical substance with necessary mechanical properties, highlighting the significant procedures ability. Specimens were casted with U-wrapped BF and then evaluated based on flexural tests. In the test carried over for flexural fortifying assessment, BF reinforcements demonstrated a definitive quality improvement in the case of the subjected control sample; ultimately, the end impacts depend upon the applied test parameters. From the outcomes introduced in this comparison, for the double-wrapped sample, the modifications improved by 12% than that of the single-wrapped beam, which is identified to subsist for a better strengthening of new-age retrofitting designs. The current research deals with the retrofitting of RC beam by conducting a comparative experiment on wrapping of BF (single or double BF wrapping) in improving the mechanical behavior of concrete. It can be shown from the experimental results that increasing the number of layers has significant effect on basalt strengthened beams.Improving structural performance of concrete beams by U-wrapped basalt fibre: a retrofitting approach
Hamsavathi Kannan, Soorya Prakash K., Kavimani V.
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.267-274

The aim of the work is to investigate structural behaviour of reinforced concrete (RF) beam retrofitted with basalt fibre (BF) fabric. The incorporation of BF showed enhancement in bending strength, to increase confinement and to repair damages caused by cracking. In the early decades, using BF for composite materials shaped BF as an excellent physical substance with necessary mechanical properties, highlighting the significant procedures ability.

Specimens were casted with U-wrapped BF and then evaluated based on flexural tests. In the test carried over for flexural fortifying assessment, BF reinforcements demonstrated a definitive quality improvement in the case of the subjected control sample; ultimately, the end impacts depend upon the applied test parameters. From the outcomes introduced in this comparison, for the double-wrapped sample, the modifications improved by 12% than that of the single-wrapped beam, which is identified to subsist for a better strengthening of new-age retrofitting designs.

The current research deals with the retrofitting of RC beam by conducting a comparative experiment on wrapping of BF (single or double BF wrapping) in improving the mechanical behavior of concrete.

It can be shown from the experimental results that increasing the number of layers has significant effect on basalt strengthened beams.

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Improving structural performance of concrete beams by U-wrapped basalt fibre: a retrofitting approach10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0289World Journal of Engineering2022-12-20© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedHamsavathi KannanSoorya Prakash K.Kavimani V. World Journal of Engineering2122022-12-2010.1108/WJE-07-2022-0289https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0289/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
A systematic review on high speed selective jet electrodeposition manufacturinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0179/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to present current state of understanding on jet electrodeposition manufacturing; to compare various experimental parameters and their implication on as deposited features; and to understand the characteristics of jet electrodeposition deposition defects and its preventive procedures through available research articles. A systematic review has been done based on available research articles focused on jet electrodeposition and its characteristics. The review begins with a brief introduction to micro-electrodeposition and high-speed selective jet electrodeposition (HSSJED). The research and developments on how jet electrochemical manufacturing are clustered with conventional micro-electrodeposition and their developments. Furthermore, this study converges on comparative analysis on HSSJED and recent research trends in high-speed jet electrodeposition of metals, their alloys and composites and presents potential perspectives for the future research direction in the final section. Edge defect, optimum nozzle height and controlled deposition remain major challenges in electrochemical manufacturing. On-situ deposition can be used as initial structural material for micro and nanoelectronic devices. Integration of ultrasonic, laser and acoustic source to jet electrochemical manufacturing are current trends that are promising enhanced homogeneity, controlled density and porosity with high precision manufacturing. This paper discusses the key issue associated to high-speed jet electrodeposition process. Emphasis has been given to various electrochemical parameters and their effect on deposition. Pros and cons of variations in electrochemical parameters have been studied by comparing the available reports on experimental investigations. Defects and their preventive measures have also been discussed. This review presented a summary of past achievements and recent advancements in the field of jet electrochemical manufacturing.A systematic review on high speed selective jet electrodeposition manufacturing
Vimal Kumar Deshmukh, Mridul Singh Rajput, H.K. Narang
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.275-292

The purpose of this paper is to present current state of understanding on jet electrodeposition manufacturing; to compare various experimental parameters and their implication on as deposited features; and to understand the characteristics of jet electrodeposition deposition defects and its preventive procedures through available research articles.

A systematic review has been done based on available research articles focused on jet electrodeposition and its characteristics. The review begins with a brief introduction to micro-electrodeposition and high-speed selective jet electrodeposition (HSSJED). The research and developments on how jet electrochemical manufacturing are clustered with conventional micro-electrodeposition and their developments. Furthermore, this study converges on comparative analysis on HSSJED and recent research trends in high-speed jet electrodeposition of metals, their alloys and composites and presents potential perspectives for the future research direction in the final section.

Edge defect, optimum nozzle height and controlled deposition remain major challenges in electrochemical manufacturing. On-situ deposition can be used as initial structural material for micro and nanoelectronic devices. Integration of ultrasonic, laser and acoustic source to jet electrochemical manufacturing are current trends that are promising enhanced homogeneity, controlled density and porosity with high precision manufacturing.

This paper discusses the key issue associated to high-speed jet electrodeposition process. Emphasis has been given to various electrochemical parameters and their effect on deposition. Pros and cons of variations in electrochemical parameters have been studied by comparing the available reports on experimental investigations. Defects and their preventive measures have also been discussed. This review presented a summary of past achievements and recent advancements in the field of jet electrochemical manufacturing.

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A systematic review on high speed selective jet electrodeposition manufacturing10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0179World Journal of Engineering2022-12-21© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedVimal Kumar DeshmukhMridul Singh RajputH.K. NarangWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-12-2110.1108/WJE-04-2022-0179https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0179/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Analyzing the effect of inoculant addition on the solidification of ductile cast irons using thermal analysishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0272/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe final properties of ductile iron are decided by the inoculant processing while pouring the melt. The shape and size of nodules generated during solidification are of paramount importance in solidification of ductile cast iron. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of different inoculant addition on the solidification of ductile cast iron melt through thermal analysis. Thermal analysis has recently grown as a tool for modeling the solidification behavior of ductile cast irons. Iron properties will be predicted by analyzing the cooling curve patterns of the melts and predicting the related effectiveness of inoculant processing. In this study, thermal analysis is used to evaluate the need for inoculation. The amount and type of inoculation will affect the amount of undercooling during the solidification of ductile cast iron. It is found that the addition of 0.1 to 0.4 Wt.% inoculant lowers the austenite dendrite formation starting temperature while increasing the eutectic freezing temperature. Microstructure analysis revealed that the addition of inoculation increases the nodule count from 103 to 242 nodules. The beneficial effects of inoculation are sustained by an improved graphitization factor, which shows the formation of graphite nodules in the second phase of the eutectic reaction. The inoculation treatment has improved metallurgical occurrences such as carbide to graphite conversion, graphite microstructure control, graphite nodule count at the start of solidification and the last stage of solidification, which determines the soundness of casting. The foundry industry can follow these steps for monitoring the solidification of ductile iron castings.Analyzing the effect of inoculant addition on the solidification of ductile cast irons using thermal analysis
Bahubali Babanrao Sangame, Y. Prasannatha Reddy, Vasudev D. Shinde
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.293-302

The final properties of ductile iron are decided by the inoculant processing while pouring the melt. The shape and size of nodules generated during solidification are of paramount importance in solidification of ductile cast iron. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of different inoculant addition on the solidification of ductile cast iron melt through thermal analysis.

Thermal analysis has recently grown as a tool for modeling the solidification behavior of ductile cast irons. Iron properties will be predicted by analyzing the cooling curve patterns of the melts and predicting the related effectiveness of inoculant processing. In this study, thermal analysis is used to evaluate the need for inoculation.

The amount and type of inoculation will affect the amount of undercooling during the solidification of ductile cast iron. It is found that the addition of 0.1 to 0.4 Wt.% inoculant lowers the austenite dendrite formation starting temperature while increasing the eutectic freezing temperature. Microstructure analysis revealed that the addition of inoculation increases the nodule count from 103 to 242 nodules. The beneficial effects of inoculation are sustained by an improved graphitization factor, which shows the formation of graphite nodules in the second phase of the eutectic reaction.

The inoculation treatment has improved metallurgical occurrences such as carbide to graphite conversion, graphite microstructure control, graphite nodule count at the start of solidification and the last stage of solidification, which determines the soundness of casting. The foundry industry can follow these steps for monitoring the solidification of ductile iron castings.

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Analyzing the effect of inoculant addition on the solidification of ductile cast irons using thermal analysis10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0272World Journal of Engineering2022-12-21© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedBahubali Babanrao SangameY. Prasannatha ReddyVasudev D. ShindeWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-12-2110.1108/WJE-07-2022-0272https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0272/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Development of an improved limit pressure equation for structurally distorted thin-walled pressurized 90 degree pipe bendshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0277/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to present the approximate limit pressure solutions for thin-walled shape-imperfect 90° pipe bends. Limit pressure was determined by finite element (FE) limit analysis with the consideration of small geometry change effects. The limit pressure of 90° pipe bends with ovality and thinning has been evaluated by geometric linear FE approach. Internal pressure was applied to the inner surface of the FE pipe bend models. When von-Mises stress equals or just exceeds the yield strength of the material, the corresponding pressure was considered as the limit pressure for all models. The current FE methodology was evaluated by the theoretical solution which has been published in the literature. Ovality and thinning produced a significant effect on thin-walled pipe bends. The ovality weakened pipe bend performance at any constant thinning, while thinning improved the performance of the bend portion at any constant ovality. The limit pressure of pipe bends under internal pressure increased with an increase in the bend ratio and decreased with an increase in the pipe ratio. With a simultaneous increment in bend radius and reduction in wall thickness, there was a reduction in limit pressure. A new closed-form empirical solution was proposed to evaluate limit pressure, which was validated with published experimental data. The influences of structural deformation (ovality and thinning) in the limit pressure analysis of 90° pipe bends have not been investigated and reported.Development of an improved limit pressure equation for structurally distorted thin-walled pressurized 90 degree pipe bends
Raghuraman T., Veerappan AR., Shanmugam S.
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.303-313

This paper aims to present the approximate limit pressure solutions for thin-walled shape-imperfect 90° pipe bends. Limit pressure was determined by finite element (FE) limit analysis with the consideration of small geometry change effects.

The limit pressure of 90° pipe bends with ovality and thinning has been evaluated by geometric linear FE approach. Internal pressure was applied to the inner surface of the FE pipe bend models. When von-Mises stress equals or just exceeds the yield strength of the material, the corresponding pressure was considered as the limit pressure for all models. The current FE methodology was evaluated by the theoretical solution which has been published in the literature.

Ovality and thinning produced a significant effect on thin-walled pipe bends. The ovality weakened pipe bend performance at any constant thinning, while thinning improved the performance of the bend portion at any constant ovality. The limit pressure of pipe bends under internal pressure increased with an increase in the bend ratio and decreased with an increase in the pipe ratio. With a simultaneous increment in bend radius and reduction in wall thickness, there was a reduction in limit pressure. A new closed-form empirical solution was proposed to evaluate limit pressure, which was validated with published experimental data.

The influences of structural deformation (ovality and thinning) in the limit pressure analysis of 90° pipe bends have not been investigated and reported.

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Development of an improved limit pressure equation for structurally distorted thin-walled pressurized 90 degree pipe bends10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0277World Journal of Engineering2022-12-21© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedRaghuraman T.Veerappan AR.Shanmugam S.World Journal of Engineering2122022-12-2110.1108/WJE-07-2022-0277https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0277/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Electric discharge drilling of blind holes in titanium alloy Ti6Al4Vhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0239/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis experimental study aims to deal with the improvement of process performance of electric discharge drilling (EDD) for fabricating true blind holes in titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Micro EDD was performed on Ti6Al4V and blind holes were drilled into the workpiece. The effects of input parameters (i.e. voltage, capacitance and spindle speed) on responses (i.e. material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness [SR]) were evaluated through response surface methodology. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance and multi-optimization was performed for the optimized set of parameters. The optimized process parameters were then used to drill deeper blind holes. Blind holes have few characteristics such as SR, taper angle and corner radius. The value of corner radius reflects the quality of the hole produced as well as the amount of tool roundness. The optimized process parameters suggested by the current experimental study lower down the response values (i.e. SR, taper angle and corner radius). The process is found very effective in producing finished blind holes. This experimental study establishes EDD as a feasible process for the fabrication of truly blind holes in Ti6Al4V.Electric discharge drilling of blind holes in titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
Ravinder Kumar, Sahendra Pal Sharma
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.314-322

This experimental study aims to deal with the improvement of process performance of electric discharge drilling (EDD) for fabricating true blind holes in titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Micro EDD was performed on Ti6Al4V and blind holes were drilled into the workpiece.

The effects of input parameters (i.e. voltage, capacitance and spindle speed) on responses (i.e. material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness [SR]) were evaluated through response surface methodology. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance and multi-optimization was performed for the optimized set of parameters. The optimized process parameters were then used to drill deeper blind holes.

Blind holes have few characteristics such as SR, taper angle and corner radius. The value of corner radius reflects the quality of the hole produced as well as the amount of tool roundness. The optimized process parameters suggested by the current experimental study lower down the response values (i.e. SR, taper angle and corner radius). The process is found very effective in producing finished blind holes.

This experimental study establishes EDD as a feasible process for the fabrication of truly blind holes in Ti6Al4V.

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Electric discharge drilling of blind holes in titanium alloy Ti6Al4V10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0239World Journal of Engineering2022-12-21© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedRavinder KumarSahendra Pal SharmaWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-12-2110.1108/WJE-06-2022-0239https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0239/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Performance analysis of a novel solar cogeneration system for generating potable water and electricityhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0185/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe utilisation of renewable energy sources for generating electricity and potable water is one of the most sustainable approaches in the current scenario. Therefore, the current research aims to design and develop a novel co-generation system to address the electricity and potable water needs of rural areas. The cogeneration system mainly consists of a solar parabolic dish concentrator (SPDC) system with a concentrated photo-voltaic module at the receiver for electricity generation. It is further integrated with a low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) system for generating potable water. Also, a novel corn cob filtration system is introduced for the pre-treatment to reduce the salt content in seawater before circulating it into the receiver of the SPDC system. The designed novel co-generation system has been numerically and experimentally tested to analyse the performance at Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry, India. Because of the pre-treatment with a corn cob, the scale formation in the pipes of the SPDC system is significantly reduced, which enhances the efficiency of the system. It is observed that the conductivity, pH and TDS of seawater are reduced significantly after the pre-treatment by the corncob filtration system. Also, the integrated system is capable of generating 6–8 litres of potable water per day. The integration of the corncob filtration system reduced the scaling formation compared to the general circulation of water in the hoses. Also, the integrated SPDC and LTTD systems are comparatively economical to generate higher yields of clean water than solar stills.Performance analysis of a novel solar cogeneration system for generating potable water and electricity
Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju, Arjun Singh K., Vijesh Jayan, Sendhil Kumar Natarajan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.323-342

The utilisation of renewable energy sources for generating electricity and potable water is one of the most sustainable approaches in the current scenario. Therefore, the current research aims to design and develop a novel co-generation system to address the electricity and potable water needs of rural areas.

The cogeneration system mainly consists of a solar parabolic dish concentrator (SPDC) system with a concentrated photo-voltaic module at the receiver for electricity generation. It is further integrated with a low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) system for generating potable water. Also, a novel corn cob filtration system is introduced for the pre-treatment to reduce the salt content in seawater before circulating it into the receiver of the SPDC system. The designed novel co-generation system has been numerically and experimentally tested to analyse the performance at Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry, India.

Because of the pre-treatment with a corn cob, the scale formation in the pipes of the SPDC system is significantly reduced, which enhances the efficiency of the system. It is observed that the conductivity, pH and TDS of seawater are reduced significantly after the pre-treatment by the corncob filtration system. Also, the integrated system is capable of generating 6–8 litres of potable water per day.

The integration of the corncob filtration system reduced the scaling formation compared to the general circulation of water in the hoses. Also, the integrated SPDC and LTTD systems are comparatively economical to generate higher yields of clean water than solar stills.

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Performance analysis of a novel solar cogeneration system for generating potable water and electricity10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0185World Journal of Engineering2022-12-30© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedSubbarama Kousik SuraparajuArjun Singh K.Vijesh JayanSendhil Kumar NatarajanWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-12-3010.1108/WJE-05-2022-0185https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0185/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding in finned tube arrays: the effects of tube material and fin densityhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0215/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to present investigations on the significant influence of the tube material and fin density on fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding in a parallel triangular finned tube array subjected to water cross flow. The experiment was conducted on finned tube arrays with a fin height of 6 mm and fin density of 3 fins per inch (fpi) and 9 fpi. A dedicated setup has been developed to examine fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding. Nine parallel triangular tube arrays with a pitch to tube diameter ratio of 1.78 were considered. The plain tube arrays, coarse finned tube arrays and fine finned tube arrays each of steel, copper and aluminium materials were tested. Plain tube arrays were tested to compare the results of the finned tube arrays having an effective tube diameter same as that of the plain tube. A significant effect of fin density and tube material with a variable mass damping parameter was observed on the instability threshold. In the parallel triangular finned tube array subjected to water cross flow, a delay in the instability threshold was observed with an increase in fin density. For steel and aluminium tube arrays, the natural frequency is 9.77 Hz and 10.38 Hz, which is close to each other, whereas natural frequency of the copper tubes is 7.40 Hz. The Connors’ stability constant K for steel and aluminium tube arrays is 4.78 and 4.87, respectively, whereas it is 5.76 for copper tube arrays, which increases considerably compared to aluminum and steel tube arrays. The existence of vortex shedding is confirmed by comparing experimental results with Owen’s hypothesis and the Strouhal number and Reynolds number relationship. This paper’s results contribute to understand the effect of tube materials and fin density on fluid elastic instability threshold of finned tube arrays subjected to water cross flow.Fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding in finned tube arrays: the effects of tube material and fin density
Pravin Hindurao Yadav, Sandeep R. Desai, Dillip Kumar Mohanty
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.343-356

The purpose of this paper is to present investigations on the significant influence of the tube material and fin density on fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding in a parallel triangular finned tube array subjected to water cross flow.

The experiment was conducted on finned tube arrays with a fin height of 6 mm and fin density of 3 fins per inch (fpi) and 9 fpi. A dedicated setup has been developed to examine fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding. Nine parallel triangular tube arrays with a pitch to tube diameter ratio of 1.78 were considered. The plain tube arrays, coarse finned tube arrays and fine finned tube arrays each of steel, copper and aluminium materials were tested. Plain tube arrays were tested to compare the results of the finned tube arrays having an effective tube diameter same as that of the plain tube.

A significant effect of fin density and tube material with a variable mass damping parameter was observed on the instability threshold. In the parallel triangular finned tube array subjected to water cross flow, a delay in the instability threshold was observed with an increase in fin density. For steel and aluminium tube arrays, the natural frequency is 9.77 Hz and 10.38 Hz, which is close to each other, whereas natural frequency of the copper tubes is 7.40 Hz. The Connors’ stability constant K for steel and aluminium tube arrays is 4.78 and 4.87, respectively, whereas it is 5.76 for copper tube arrays, which increases considerably compared to aluminum and steel tube arrays. The existence of vortex shedding is confirmed by comparing experimental results with Owen’s hypothesis and the Strouhal number and Reynolds number relationship.

This paper’s results contribute to understand the effect of tube materials and fin density on fluid elastic instability threshold of finned tube arrays subjected to water cross flow.

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Fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding in finned tube arrays: the effects of tube material and fin density10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0215World Journal of Engineering2023-01-03© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedPravin Hindurao YadavSandeep R. DesaiDillip Kumar MohantyWorld Journal of Engineering2122023-01-0310.1108/WJE-05-2022-0215https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0215/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modelling and prediction of WEDM parameters for sustainable machining of titanium grade-2 alloyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0201/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of the study is to establish a predictive model for sustainable wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) by using adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS). Machining was done on Titanium grade 2 alloy, which is also nicknamed as workhorse of commercially pure titanium industry. ANFIS, being a state-of-the-art technology, is a highly sophisticated and reliable technique used for the prediction and decision-making. Keeping in the mind the complex nature of WEDM along with the goal of sustainable manufacturing process, ANFIS was chosen to construct predictive models for the material removal rate (MRR) and power consumption (Pc), which reflect environmental and economic aspects. The machining parameters chosen for the machining process are pulse on-time, wire feed, wire tension, servo voltage, servo feed and peak current. The ANFIS predicted values were verified experimentally, which gave a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.329 for MRR and 0.805 for Pc. The significantly low RMSE verifies the accuracy of the process. ANFIS has been there for quite a time, but it has not been used yet for its possible application in the field of sustainable WEDM of titanium grade-2 alloy with emphasis on MRR and Pc. The novelty of the work is that a predictive model for sustainable machining of titanium grade-2 alloy has been successfully developed using ANFIS, thereby showing the reliability of this technique for the development of predictive models and decision-making for sustainable manufacturing.Modelling and prediction of WEDM parameters for sustainable machining of titanium grade-2 alloy
Eswara Krishna Mussada
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.357-367

The purpose of the study is to establish a predictive model for sustainable wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) by using adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS). Machining was done on Titanium grade 2 alloy, which is also nicknamed as workhorse of commercially pure titanium industry. ANFIS, being a state-of-the-art technology, is a highly sophisticated and reliable technique used for the prediction and decision-making.

Keeping in the mind the complex nature of WEDM along with the goal of sustainable manufacturing process, ANFIS was chosen to construct predictive models for the material removal rate (MRR) and power consumption (Pc), which reflect environmental and economic aspects. The machining parameters chosen for the machining process are pulse on-time, wire feed, wire tension, servo voltage, servo feed and peak current.

The ANFIS predicted values were verified experimentally, which gave a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.329 for MRR and 0.805 for Pc. The significantly low RMSE verifies the accuracy of the process.

ANFIS has been there for quite a time, but it has not been used yet for its possible application in the field of sustainable WEDM of titanium grade-2 alloy with emphasis on MRR and Pc. The novelty of the work is that a predictive model for sustainable machining of titanium grade-2 alloy has been successfully developed using ANFIS, thereby showing the reliability of this technique for the development of predictive models and decision-making for sustainable manufacturing.

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Modelling and prediction of WEDM parameters for sustainable machining of titanium grade-2 alloy10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0201World Journal of Engineering2022-12-27© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedEswara Krishna MussadaWorld Journal of Engineering2122022-12-2710.1108/WJE-05-2022-0201https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2022-0201/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
The analysis of web opening configuration on cold-formed steel hat purlin under torsion behaviourhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0332/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestCold-formed steel has been used extensively as secondary elements such as purlins and girts in building frames. Purlin is critical to the structure of the roof because it supports the weight of the roof deck and aids to make the entire roof structure more rigid. Furthermore, cold-formed steel purlin is a replacement for wood purlin because steel purlins are light weight and more economical. Hence, the purpose of this study to investigate the effect of opening due to torsion behaviour. This analysis used cold-formed steel hat purlin with and without openings (WOs) under different opening shape, location and spacing by using finite element LUSAS software. The finite element results showed that purlin with openings had higher angle of rotation than section WO, with a percentage difference of not more than 6%. When the opening was located at mid-span, the angle of rotation reduced. Angle of rotation increased when the opening spacing increased. Number of openings also affected the torsional behaviour of the purlin. Five opening shapes, which were circle, diamond, C-hexagon, square and elongated circle, were studied. Among all the shapes, purlin with diamond opening was more resistance to torsion. The use of cold-formed steel section with web openings (rectangular or circular) is a practical solution when it is required to pass service ducts through the structural member. However, the presence of opening gives minor effect on the structural behaviour of cold-formed steel hat purlin.The analysis of web opening configuration on cold-formed steel hat purlin under torsion behaviour
Ying Ling Jin, Fatimah De’nan, Kok Keong Choong, Nor Salwani Hashim
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.368-375

Cold-formed steel has been used extensively as secondary elements such as purlins and girts in building frames. Purlin is critical to the structure of the roof because it supports the weight of the roof deck and aids to make the entire roof structure more rigid. Furthermore, cold-formed steel purlin is a replacement for wood purlin because steel purlins are light weight and more economical. Hence, the purpose of this study to investigate the effect of opening due to torsion behaviour.

This analysis used cold-formed steel hat purlin with and without openings (WOs) under different opening shape, location and spacing by using finite element LUSAS software.

The finite element results showed that purlin with openings had higher angle of rotation than section WO, with a percentage difference of not more than 6%. When the opening was located at mid-span, the angle of rotation reduced. Angle of rotation increased when the opening spacing increased. Number of openings also affected the torsional behaviour of the purlin. Five opening shapes, which were circle, diamond, C-hexagon, square and elongated circle, were studied. Among all the shapes, purlin with diamond opening was more resistance to torsion.

The use of cold-formed steel section with web openings (rectangular or circular) is a practical solution when it is required to pass service ducts through the structural member. However, the presence of opening gives minor effect on the structural behaviour of cold-formed steel hat purlin.

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The analysis of web opening configuration on cold-formed steel hat purlin under torsion behaviour10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0332World Journal of Engineering2023-01-09© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedYing Ling JinFatimah De’nanKok Keong ChoongNor Salwani HashimWorld Journal of Engineering2122023-01-0910.1108/WJE-08-2022-0332https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0332/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modeling of dam-break flood wave propagation using HEC-RAS 2D and GIS: case study of Taksebt dam in Algeriahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0405/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to predict the consequences associated with the propagation of the flood wave that may occur after the failure of the Taksebt dam and suggest an efficient emergency action plan for mitigation purposes. To achieve the objectives of this study, the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS 2D was used for the flood routing of the dam-break wave, which gave an estimate of the hydraulic characteristics downstream the Taksebt dam. Geospatial analysis of the simulation results conducted in a geographic information system (GIS) environment showed that many residential areas are considered to be in danger in case of the Taksebt dam-break event. Based on the obtained results, an emergency actions plan was suggested to moderate the causalities in the downstream area at risk. Overall, this study showed that the integration of 2D hydraulic modeling and GIS provides great capabilities in providing realistic view of the dam-break wave propagation that enhances assessing the associated risks and proposing appropriate mitigation measures.Modeling of dam-break flood wave propagation using HEC-RAS 2D and GIS: case study of Taksebt dam in Algeria
Leghouchi Abdelghani
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.376-385

This study aims to predict the consequences associated with the propagation of the flood wave that may occur after the failure of the Taksebt dam and suggest an efficient emergency action plan for mitigation purposes.

To achieve the objectives of this study, the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS 2D was used for the flood routing of the dam-break wave, which gave an estimate of the hydraulic characteristics downstream the Taksebt dam.

Geospatial analysis of the simulation results conducted in a geographic information system (GIS) environment showed that many residential areas are considered to be in danger in case of the Taksebt dam-break event. Based on the obtained results, an emergency actions plan was suggested to moderate the causalities in the downstream area at risk.

Overall, this study showed that the integration of 2D hydraulic modeling and GIS provides great capabilities in providing realistic view of the dam-break wave propagation that enhances assessing the associated risks and proposing appropriate mitigation measures.

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Modeling of dam-break flood wave propagation using HEC-RAS 2D and GIS: case study of Taksebt dam in Algeria10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0405World Journal of Engineering2023-01-20© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedLeghouchi AbdelghaniWorld Journal of Engineering2122023-01-2010.1108/WJE-10-2022-0405https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0405/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
The magnitude of stress concentration of I-beam with web opening because of lateral-torsional buckling effectshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0234/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIt is generally known that the perforated section such as the castellated section is good to sustain distributed loads but inadequate to sustain highly concentrated loads. Therefore, it is possible to design the opening in a different arrangement of web opening to achieve section efficiency, thus improving the strength and torsional behaviour of the section with web opening. This study aims to focus on the finite element analysis of I-beam with and without openings in steel section dominated to lateral-torsional buckling behaviour. In this work, the analysis of different sizes, shapes and arrangements of web opening is performed by using LUSAS application to conduct numerical analysis on lateral-torsional buckling behaviour. This involves three diameter sizes of web opening, five types of opening shapes and two criteria of the model. The section with c-hexagon web opening was placed about 200-mm centre to centre and 100-mm edge distance, contribute to 7.26% increase of buckling capacity. For the section with 150-mm centre to centre and 50-mm edge distance, the occurrence of local buckling contributes to decrease of lateral buckling section capacity to 19.943 kNm, where pure lateral-torsional buckling mostly occurred because of prevented section. Besides that, the web opening diameter was also analysed. The web crippling was observed because of the increase of opening diameter from 0.67 to 0.80 D. This contributes to a decrease in buckling capacity as figured in the contour of the deformed shape. For Model 1, an increase of buckling capacity (31.46%) is observed when the opening diameter are changed from 0.67 to 0.80 D.The magnitude of stress concentration of I-beam with web opening because of lateral-torsional buckling effects
Nor Salwani Hashim, Fatimah De’nan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.386-397

It is generally known that the perforated section such as the castellated section is good to sustain distributed loads but inadequate to sustain highly concentrated loads. Therefore, it is possible to design the opening in a different arrangement of web opening to achieve section efficiency, thus improving the strength and torsional behaviour of the section with web opening. This study aims to focus on the finite element analysis of I-beam with and without openings in steel section dominated to lateral-torsional buckling behaviour.

In this work, the analysis of different sizes, shapes and arrangements of web opening is performed by using LUSAS application to conduct numerical analysis on lateral-torsional buckling behaviour. This involves three diameter sizes of web opening, five types of opening shapes and two criteria of the model.

The section with c-hexagon web opening was placed about 200-mm centre to centre and 100-mm edge distance, contribute to 7.26% increase of buckling capacity. For the section with 150-mm centre to centre and 50-mm edge distance, the occurrence of local buckling contributes to decrease of lateral buckling section capacity to 19.943 kNm, where pure lateral-torsional buckling mostly occurred because of prevented section. Besides that, the web opening diameter was also analysed. The web crippling was observed because of the increase of opening diameter from 0.67 to 0.80 D.

This contributes to a decrease in buckling capacity as figured in the contour of the deformed shape. For Model 1, an increase of buckling capacity (31.46%) is observed when the opening diameter are changed from 0.67 to 0.80 D.

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The magnitude of stress concentration of I-beam with web opening because of lateral-torsional buckling effects10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0234World Journal of Engineering2023-01-11© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedNor Salwani HashimFatimah De’nanWorld Journal of Engineering2122023-01-1110.1108/WJE-06-2022-0234https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0234/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Concept development, design and validation of a novel continuous casting equipmenthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0378/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to develop a concept and design to cast Al alloys/metal matrix composites (MMCs) by continuous casting process. The various steps involved in the evolution of the design have been reported and discussed in this study. On the basis of developed design concept, initial prototype design has been prepared in this study. The casting process's melt flow pattern was studied via computer simulation, and the resulting changes were implemented in the original design. The single-phase fluid flow pattern through bottom feeding technique is studied. The equipment was fabricated based on computer simulation and water modelling studies. Finally, validation was performed for the preparation of Al alloys/ MMCs after parameter optimisation. The results were observed in the optical metallography to confirm the alloying and Al MMC preparation. The developed continuous casting process with bottom feeding technique for the addition of constituent particles shows more efficiency in comparison to the existing batch processes. The final manufactured setup demonstrates effective Al alloy/MMC production as the basis for final fabrication has been accomplished by both computer simulation and water model test. In addition, the microstructure exhibits homogeneous distribution, validating the reliability of the setup. Integrating continuous casting with continuous reinforcement or master alloy addition is novel in this area. The constraints that batch production had that have been rectified will also lower the contemporary cost of production.Concept development, design and validation of a novel continuous casting equipment
Prasenjit Biswas, Deepak Patel, Archana Mallik, Sanjeev Das
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.398-404

The purpose of this paper is to develop a concept and design to cast Al alloys/metal matrix composites (MMCs) by continuous casting process. The various steps involved in the evolution of the design have been reported and discussed in this study.

On the basis of developed design concept, initial prototype design has been prepared in this study. The casting process's melt flow pattern was studied via computer simulation, and the resulting changes were implemented in the original design. The single-phase fluid flow pattern through bottom feeding technique is studied. The equipment was fabricated based on computer simulation and water modelling studies. Finally, validation was performed for the preparation of Al alloys/ MMCs after parameter optimisation. The results were observed in the optical metallography to confirm the alloying and Al MMC preparation.

The developed continuous casting process with bottom feeding technique for the addition of constituent particles shows more efficiency in comparison to the existing batch processes. The final manufactured setup demonstrates effective Al alloy/MMC production as the basis for final fabrication has been accomplished by both computer simulation and water model test. In addition, the microstructure exhibits homogeneous distribution, validating the reliability of the setup.

Integrating continuous casting with continuous reinforcement or master alloy addition is novel in this area. The constraints that batch production had that have been rectified will also lower the contemporary cost of production.

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Concept development, design and validation of a novel continuous casting equipment10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0378World Journal of Engineering2023-04-04© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedPrasenjit BiswasDeepak PatelArchana MallikSanjeev DasWorld Journal of Engineering2122023-04-0410.1108/WJE-09-2022-0378https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0378/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Parametric optimization of a VCR diesel engine run on diesel-bioethanol-AlO nanoparticles blend using Taguchi-Grey and RSM method: a comparative studyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0002/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe study aims to verify and establish the result of the most suitable optimization approach for higher performance and lower emission of a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine. In this study, three types of test fuels are taken and tested in a variable compression ratio diesel engine (compression ignition). The fuels used are conventional diesel fuel, e-diesel (85% diesel-15% bioethanol) and nano-fuel (85% diesel-15% bioethanol-25 ppm Al2O3). The effect of bioethanol and nano-particles on performance, emission and cost-effectiveness is investigated at different load and compression ratios (CRs). The optimum performance and lower emission of the engine are evaluated and compared with other optimization methods. The test engine is run by diesel, e-diesel (85% diesel-15% bioethanol) and nano-fuel (85% diesel-15% bioethanol-25 ppm Al2O3) in three different loadings (4 kg, 8 kg and 12 kg) and CR of 14, 16 and 18, respectively. The optimum value of energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, NOX emission and relative cost variation are determined against the input parameters using Taguchi-Grey method and confirmed by response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Using Taguchi-Grey method, the maximum energy and exergy efficiency, minimum % relative cost variation and NOX emission are 24.64%, 59.52%, 0 and 184 ppm, respectively, at 4 kg load, 18 CR and fuel type of nano-fuel. Using RSM technique, maximum energy and exergy efficiency are 24.8% and 62.9%, and minimum NOX emission and % cost variation are 208.4 ppm and –6.5, respectively, at 5.2 kg load, 18 CR and nano-fuel. The RSM is suggested as the most appropriate technique for obtaining maximum energy and exergy efficiency, and minimum % relative cost; however, for lowest possible NOX emission, the Taguchi-Grey method is the most appropriate. Waste rice straw is used to produce bioethanol. 4-E analysis, i.e. energy, exergy, emission and economic analysis, has been carried out, optimized and compared.Parametric optimization of a VCR diesel engine run on diesel-bioethanol-AlO nanoparticles blend using Taguchi-Grey and RSM method: a comparative study
Taraprasad Mohapatra, Sudhansu Sekhar Mishra
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The study aims to verify and establish the result of the most suitable optimization approach for higher performance and lower emission of a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine. In this study, three types of test fuels are taken and tested in a variable compression ratio diesel engine (compression ignition). The fuels used are conventional diesel fuel, e-diesel (85% diesel-15% bioethanol) and nano-fuel (85% diesel-15% bioethanol-25 ppm Al2O3). The effect of bioethanol and nano-particles on performance, emission and cost-effectiveness is investigated at different load and compression ratios (CRs). The optimum performance and lower emission of the engine are evaluated and compared with other optimization methods.

The test engine is run by diesel, e-diesel (85% diesel-15% bioethanol) and nano-fuel (85% diesel-15% bioethanol-25 ppm Al2O3) in three different loadings (4 kg, 8 kg and 12 kg) and CR of 14, 16 and 18, respectively. The optimum value of energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, NOX emission and relative cost variation are determined against the input parameters using Taguchi-Grey method and confirmed by response surface methodology (RSM) technique.

Using Taguchi-Grey method, the maximum energy and exergy efficiency, minimum % relative cost variation and NOX emission are 24.64%, 59.52%, 0 and 184 ppm, respectively, at 4 kg load, 18 CR and fuel type of nano-fuel. Using RSM technique, maximum energy and exergy efficiency are 24.8% and 62.9%, and minimum NOX emission and % cost variation are 208.4 ppm and –6.5, respectively, at 5.2 kg load, 18 CR and nano-fuel. The RSM is suggested as the most appropriate technique for obtaining maximum energy and exergy efficiency, and minimum % relative cost; however, for lowest possible NOX emission, the Taguchi-Grey method is the most appropriate.

Waste rice straw is used to produce bioethanol. 4-E analysis, i.e. energy, exergy, emission and economic analysis, has been carried out, optimized and compared.

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Parametric optimization of a VCR diesel engine run on diesel-bioethanol-AlO nanoparticles blend using Taguchi-Grey and RSM method: a comparative study10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0002World Journal of Engineering2023-05-23© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedTaraprasad MohapatraSudhansu Sekhar MishraWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-2310.1108/WJE-01-2023-0002https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0002/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
A hybrid approach for machining optimization of the WEDM using grey-fuzzy with Metaphor-Less algorithms for Ti-3Al-2.5Vhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0006/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to investigate the influence of “BroncoCut-X” (copper core-ZnCu50 coating) electrode on the machining of Ti-3Al-2.5V in view of its extensive use in aerospace and medical applications. The machining parameters are selected as Spark-off Time (SToff), Spark-on Time (STon), Wire-speed (Sw), Wire-Tension (WT) and Servo-Voltage (Sv) to explore the machining outcomes. The response characteristics are measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), average kerf width (KW) and average-surface roughness (SA). Taguchi’s approach is used to design the experiment. The “AC Progress V2 high precision CNC-WEDM” is used to conduct the experiments with ϕ 0.25 mm diameter wire electrode. The machining performance characteristics are examined using main effect plots and analysis of variance. The grey-relation analysis and fuzzy interference system techniques have been developed to combine (called grey-fuzzy reasoning grade) the experimental response while Rao-Algorithm is used to calculate the optimal performance. The hybrid optimization result is obtained as SToff = 50µs, STon = 105µs, Sw = 7 m/min, WT = 12N and Sv=20V. Additionally, the result is compared with the firefly algorithm and improved gray-wolf optimizer to check the efficacy of the intended approach. The confirmatory test has been further conducted to verify optimization results and recorded 8.14% overall machinability enhancement. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy analysis further demonstrated effectiveness in the WEDMed surface with a maximum 4.32 µm recast layer. The adopted methodology helped to attain the highest machinability level. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first investigation within the considered parametric range and adopted optimization technique for Ti-3Al-2.5V using the wire-electro discharge machining.A hybrid approach for machining optimization of the WEDM using grey-fuzzy with Metaphor-Less algorithms for Ti-3Al-2.5V
Anshuman Kumar, Chandramani Upadhyay, Ram Subbiah, Dusanapudi Siva Nagaraju
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to investigate the influence of “BroncoCut-X” (copper core-ZnCu50 coating) electrode on the machining of Ti-3Al-2.5V in view of its extensive use in aerospace and medical applications. The machining parameters are selected as Spark-off Time (SToff), Spark-on Time (STon), Wire-speed (Sw), Wire-Tension (WT) and Servo-Voltage (Sv) to explore the machining outcomes. The response characteristics are measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), average kerf width (KW) and average-surface roughness (SA).

Taguchi’s approach is used to design the experiment. The “AC Progress V2 high precision CNC-WEDM” is used to conduct the experiments with ϕ 0.25 mm diameter wire electrode. The machining performance characteristics are examined using main effect plots and analysis of variance. The grey-relation analysis and fuzzy interference system techniques have been developed to combine (called grey-fuzzy reasoning grade) the experimental response while Rao-Algorithm is used to calculate the optimal performance.

The hybrid optimization result is obtained as SToff = 50µs, STon = 105µs, Sw = 7 m/min, WT = 12N and Sv=20V. Additionally, the result is compared with the firefly algorithm and improved gray-wolf optimizer to check the efficacy of the intended approach. The confirmatory test has been further conducted to verify optimization results and recorded 8.14% overall machinability enhancement. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy analysis further demonstrated effectiveness in the WEDMed surface with a maximum 4.32 µm recast layer.

The adopted methodology helped to attain the highest machinability level. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first investigation within the considered parametric range and adopted optimization technique for Ti-3Al-2.5V using the wire-electro discharge machining.

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A hybrid approach for machining optimization of the WEDM using grey-fuzzy with Metaphor-Less algorithms for Ti-3Al-2.5V10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0006World Journal of Engineering2023-06-27© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAnshuman KumarChandramani UpadhyayRam SubbiahDusanapudi Siva NagarajuWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-2710.1108/WJE-01-2023-0006https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0006/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Optimization of dry sliding wear performance of TiO filled bamboo and flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites using Taguchi approachhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0008/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to report the effect of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles on the specific wear rate (SWR) of alkaline treated bamboo and flax fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) under dry sliding condition by using a robust statistical method. In this research, the epoxy/bamboo and epoxy/flax composites filled with 0–8 Wt.% TiO2 particles have been fabricated using simple hand layup techniques, and wear testing of the composite was done in accordance with the ASTM G99-05 standard. The Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) was used to conduct a statistical analysis of experimental wear results. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to identify significant control factors affecting SWR under dry sliding conditions. Taguchi prediction model is also developed to verify the correlation between the test parameters and performance output. The research study reveals that TiO2 filler particles in the epoxy/bamboo and epoxy/flax composite will improve the tribological properties of the developed composites. Statistical analysis of SWR concludes that normal load is the most influencing factor, followed by sliding distance, Wt.% TiO2 filler and sliding velocity. ANOVA concludes that normal load has the maximum effect of 31.92% and 35.77% and Wt.% of TiO2 filler has the effect of 17.33% and 16.98%, respectively, on the SWR of bamboo and flax FRCs. A fairly good agreement between the Taguchi predictive model and experimental results is obtained. This research paper attempts to include both TiO2 filler and bamboo/flax fibers to develop a novel hybrid composite material. TiO2 micro and nanoparticles are promising filler materials, it helps to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of the epoxy composites. Taguchi DOE and ANOVA used for statistical analysis serve as guidelines for academicians and practitioners on how to best optimize the control variable with particular reference to natural FRCs.Optimization of dry sliding wear performance of TiO filled bamboo and flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites using Taguchi approach
Ravikantha Prabhu, Sharun Mendonca, Pavana Kumara Bellairu, Rudolf Charles D’Souza, Thirumaleshwara Bhat
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to report the effect of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles on the specific wear rate (SWR) of alkaline treated bamboo and flax fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) under dry sliding condition by using a robust statistical method.

In this research, the epoxy/bamboo and epoxy/flax composites filled with 0–8 Wt.% TiO2 particles have been fabricated using simple hand layup techniques, and wear testing of the composite was done in accordance with the ASTM G99-05 standard. The Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) was used to conduct a statistical analysis of experimental wear results. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to identify significant control factors affecting SWR under dry sliding conditions. Taguchi prediction model is also developed to verify the correlation between the test parameters and performance output.

The research study reveals that TiO2 filler particles in the epoxy/bamboo and epoxy/flax composite will improve the tribological properties of the developed composites. Statistical analysis of SWR concludes that normal load is the most influencing factor, followed by sliding distance, Wt.% TiO2 filler and sliding velocity. ANOVA concludes that normal load has the maximum effect of 31.92% and 35.77% and Wt.% of TiO2 filler has the effect of 17.33% and 16.98%, respectively, on the SWR of bamboo and flax FRCs. A fairly good agreement between the Taguchi predictive model and experimental results is obtained.

This research paper attempts to include both TiO2 filler and bamboo/flax fibers to develop a novel hybrid composite material. TiO2 micro and nanoparticles are promising filler materials, it helps to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of the epoxy composites. Taguchi DOE and ANOVA used for statistical analysis serve as guidelines for academicians and practitioners on how to best optimize the control variable with particular reference to natural FRCs.

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Optimization of dry sliding wear performance of TiO filled bamboo and flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites using Taguchi approach10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0008World Journal of Engineering2023-06-21© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRavikantha PrabhuSharun MendoncaPavana Kumara BellairuRudolf Charles D’SouzaThirumaleshwara BhatWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-2110.1108/WJE-01-2023-0008https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0008/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Rail vehicle axlebox roller bearing life and failure analysis based on the Hertz contact theory, finite element modeling, and field observationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0010/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestBearings are critical components used to support loads and facilitate motion for rotating and sliding parts of the machinery. Bearing malfunctions can cause catastrophic failures. Hence, failure analysis and endeavors to improve bearing performance are essential discussions for worldwide designers, manufacturers and end users of vital machinery. This study aims to investigate a type of roller bearing from the railway industry with premature failures. The task arises because locomotives’ maintenance and service life quality are vital to railway operations while providing transportation services for the nation. To assist in maintaining the designated locomotives, the present study scrutinizes the causes of failure of heavy-duty roller bearings from locomotive bogie axleboxes. It is intended to inspect this bearing service life and statistically scrutinize its design parameters to reveal the failures’ shortcomings and origins. The significant measures include examinations of their failures’ primary and vital factors by comparing them with a real-life service history of 16 roller bearings of the same type. The bearings come from the axleboxes of a locomotive bogie with an axle load of 20 tons. The bearing loads are estimated using the EN13104 standard document and confirmed by the finite element method using ABAQUS engineering software. To validate the finite element modeling results, the bearings’ stress analysis is performed using the Hertzian contact theory that demonstrated perfect conformity. The said methods are also used to search for the areas susceptible to failures in these bearings. With the inclusion and exploitation of the bearing maintenance conditions and the logbook recordings of the locomotives for the past seven years, the critical cause for this type of bearing’s failures is surveyed and discussed. With the inclusion and exploitation of the bearing maintenance conditions and the logbook recordings of the locomotives for the past seven years, the critical cause for this type of bearing’s failures is surveyed and discussed. As a crucial result, it is found that deprived maintenance and inadequate lubrication are the root causes of the loss of the selected bearings. For the designated locomotives, the origins of the heavy-duty roller bearing failures and its design shortcomings are revealed by examining and comparing them with a real-life service history of many of the same types of bearings. The novelty of the research is in using the combination of the methods mentioned above and its decent outcome.Rail vehicle axlebox roller bearing life and failure analysis based on the Hertz contact theory, finite element modeling, and field observations
Davood Javanmardi, Mohammad Ali Rezvani
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Bearings are critical components used to support loads and facilitate motion for rotating and sliding parts of the machinery. Bearing malfunctions can cause catastrophic failures. Hence, failure analysis and endeavors to improve bearing performance are essential discussions for worldwide designers, manufacturers and end users of vital machinery. This study aims to investigate a type of roller bearing from the railway industry with premature failures. The task arises because locomotives’ maintenance and service life quality are vital to railway operations while providing transportation services for the nation. To assist in maintaining the designated locomotives, the present study scrutinizes the causes of failure of heavy-duty roller bearings from locomotive bogie axleboxes.

It is intended to inspect this bearing service life and statistically scrutinize its design parameters to reveal the failures’ shortcomings and origins. The significant measures include examinations of their failures’ primary and vital factors by comparing them with a real-life service history of 16 roller bearings of the same type. The bearings come from the axleboxes of a locomotive bogie with an axle load of 20 tons. The bearing loads are estimated using the EN13104 standard document and confirmed by the finite element method using ABAQUS engineering software. To validate the finite element modeling results, the bearings’ stress analysis is performed using the Hertzian contact theory that demonstrated perfect conformity. The said methods are also used to search for the areas susceptible to failures in these bearings. With the inclusion and exploitation of the bearing maintenance conditions and the logbook recordings of the locomotives for the past seven years, the critical cause for this type of bearing’s failures is surveyed and discussed.

With the inclusion and exploitation of the bearing maintenance conditions and the logbook recordings of the locomotives for the past seven years, the critical cause for this type of bearing’s failures is surveyed and discussed. As a crucial result, it is found that deprived maintenance and inadequate lubrication are the root causes of the loss of the selected bearings.

For the designated locomotives, the origins of the heavy-duty roller bearing failures and its design shortcomings are revealed by examining and comparing them with a real-life service history of many of the same types of bearings. The novelty of the research is in using the combination of the methods mentioned above and its decent outcome.

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Rail vehicle axlebox roller bearing life and failure analysis based on the Hertz contact theory, finite element modeling, and field observations10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0010World Journal of Engineering2023-11-27© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedDavood JavanmardiMohammad Ali RezvaniWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2710.1108/WJE-01-2023-0010https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0010/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Lumped parameter model for vertical vibrations of surface circular foundations on nonhomogeneous soilhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0012/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestA newly developed frequency-independent lumped parameter model (LPM) is the purpose of the present paper. This new model’s direct outcome ensures high efficiency and a straightforward calculation of foundations’ vertical vibrations. A rigid circular foundation shape resting on a nonhomogeneous half-space subjected to a vertical time-harmonic excitation is considered. A simple model representing the soil–foundation system consists of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system incorporating a lumped mass linked to a frequency-independent spring and dashpot. Besides that, an additional fictitious mass is incorporated into the SDOF system. Several numerical methods and mathematical techniques are used to identify each SDOF’s parameter: (1) the vertical component of the static and dynamic foundation impedance function is calculated. This dynamic interaction problem is solved by using a formulation combining the boundary element method and the thin layer method, which allows the simulation of any complex nonhomogeneous half-space configuration. After, one determines the static stiffness’s expression of the circular foundation resting on a nonhomogeneous half-space. (2) The system’s parameters (dashpot coefficient and fictitious mass) are calculated at the resonance frequency; and (3) using a curve fitting technique, the general formulas of the frequency-independent dashpot coefficients and additional fictitious mass are established. Comparisons with other results from a rigorous formulation were made to verify the developed model’s accuracy; these are exceptional cases of the more general problems that can be addressed (problems like shallow or embedded foundations of arbitrary shape, other vibration modes, etc.). In this new LPM, the impedance functions will no longer be needed. The engineer only needs a limited number of input parameters (geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the foundation and the soil). Moreover, a simple calculator is required (i.e. we do not need any sophisticated software).Lumped parameter model for vertical vibrations of surface circular foundations on nonhomogeneous soil
Amina Zahafi, Mohamed Hadid, Raouf Bencharif
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

A newly developed frequency-independent lumped parameter model (LPM) is the purpose of the present paper. This new model’s direct outcome ensures high efficiency and a straightforward calculation of foundations’ vertical vibrations. A rigid circular foundation shape resting on a nonhomogeneous half-space subjected to a vertical time-harmonic excitation is considered.

A simple model representing the soil–foundation system consists of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system incorporating a lumped mass linked to a frequency-independent spring and dashpot. Besides that, an additional fictitious mass is incorporated into the SDOF system. Several numerical methods and mathematical techniques are used to identify each SDOF’s parameter: (1) the vertical component of the static and dynamic foundation impedance function is calculated. This dynamic interaction problem is solved by using a formulation combining the boundary element method and the thin layer method, which allows the simulation of any complex nonhomogeneous half-space configuration. After, one determines the static stiffness’s expression of the circular foundation resting on a nonhomogeneous half-space. (2) The system’s parameters (dashpot coefficient and fictitious mass) are calculated at the resonance frequency; and (3) using a curve fitting technique, the general formulas of the frequency-independent dashpot coefficients and additional fictitious mass are established.

Comparisons with other results from a rigorous formulation were made to verify the developed model’s accuracy; these are exceptional cases of the more general problems that can be addressed (problems like shallow or embedded foundations of arbitrary shape, other vibration modes, etc.).

In this new LPM, the impedance functions will no longer be needed. The engineer only needs a limited number of input parameters (geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the foundation and the soil). Moreover, a simple calculator is required (i.e. we do not need any sophisticated software).

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Lumped parameter model for vertical vibrations of surface circular foundations on nonhomogeneous soil10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0012World Journal of Engineering2023-04-21© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAmina ZahafiMohamed HadidRaouf BencharifWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-2110.1108/WJE-01-2023-0012https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0012/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
A strain rate-dependent analytical approach for low-velocity impact on the beam composed of silicon-nitride and stainless-steelhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0014/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate the strain rate effect on the problem of low-velocity impact (LVI) on a beam, including silicon nitride and stainless steel materials. Based on the nonlinear Hertz impact mechanism, the energies related to the impactor and the beam are written, and motion equations are derived using the Lagrangian mechanics and Ritz method. The strain rate term is represented as a damping matrix in the equations of motion. In the issue of LVI on the silicon nitride and stainless steel beam, the effect of internal viscous damping coefficient in simply–simply and clamped–free boundary conditions are studied. Also, the influence of the volume fraction index in the range between zero and one and greater than one on the impact response is investigated. The results make it clear that the strain rate parameter had little effect on the response in LVI. Also, an increase in the volume fraction index has led to a decrease in the contact force and an increase in the rebound velocity of the impactor. The effect of strain rate on LVI is theoretically studied in this paper, while in most of the papers, this effect is investigated experimentally and numerically.A strain rate-dependent analytical approach for low-velocity impact on the beam composed of silicon-nitride and stainless-steel
Mehdi Ranjbar-Roeintan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the strain rate effect on the problem of low-velocity impact (LVI) on a beam, including silicon nitride and stainless steel materials.

Based on the nonlinear Hertz impact mechanism, the energies related to the impactor and the beam are written, and motion equations are derived using the Lagrangian mechanics and Ritz method. The strain rate term is represented as a damping matrix in the equations of motion. In the issue of LVI on the silicon nitride and stainless steel beam, the effect of internal viscous damping coefficient in simply–simply and clamped–free boundary conditions are studied. Also, the influence of the volume fraction index in the range between zero and one and greater than one on the impact response is investigated.

The results make it clear that the strain rate parameter had little effect on the response in LVI. Also, an increase in the volume fraction index has led to a decrease in the contact force and an increase in the rebound velocity of the impactor.

The effect of strain rate on LVI is theoretically studied in this paper, while in most of the papers, this effect is investigated experimentally and numerically.

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A strain rate-dependent analytical approach for low-velocity impact on the beam composed of silicon-nitride and stainless-steel10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0014World Journal of Engineering2023-07-24© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMehdi Ranjbar-RoeintanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-07-2410.1108/WJE-01-2023-0014https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0014/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Hybrid heuristic methods exercising to optimize the friction stir welding process parameters for improving the prepared butt joints mechanical propertieshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0016/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe weld joint mechanical properties of friction stir welding (FSW) are majorly reliant on different input parameters of the FSW machine. The study and optmization of these parameters is uttermost requirement and aim of this study to increase the suitability of FSW in different manufacturing industries. Hence, the input parameters are optimized through different soft computing methods to increase the considered objective in this study. In this research, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (EL) of FSW prepared butt joints of AA6061 and AA5083 Aluminium alloys materials are investigated as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM E8-M04) standard. The FSW joints were prepared by changing the three input process parameters. To develop experimental run order design matrix, rotatable central composite design strategy was used. Furthermore, genetic algorithm (GA) in combination (Hybrid) with response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), i.e. RSM-GA, ANN-GA, is exercised to optimize the considered process parameters. The maximum value of UTS, YS and EL of test specimens on universal testing machine was measured as 264 MPa, 204 MPa and 14.41%, respectively. The most optimized results (UTS = 269.544 MPa, YS = 211.121 MPa and EL = 17.127%) are obtained with ANN-GA for the considered objectives. The optimization of input parameters to increase the output objective values using hybrid soft computing techniques is unique in this research paper. The outcomes of this study will help the FSW using manufacturing industries to choose the best optimized parameters set for FSW prepared butt joint with improved mechanical properties.Hybrid heuristic methods exercising to optimize the friction stir welding process parameters for improving the prepared butt joints mechanical properties
Amit Rana, Sandeep Deshwal, Rajesh , Naveen Hooda
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The weld joint mechanical properties of friction stir welding (FSW) are majorly reliant on different input parameters of the FSW machine. The study and optmization of these parameters is uttermost requirement and aim of this study to increase the suitability of FSW in different manufacturing industries. Hence, the input parameters are optimized through different soft computing methods to increase the considered objective in this study.

In this research, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (EL) of FSW prepared butt joints of AA6061 and AA5083 Aluminium alloys materials are investigated as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM E8-M04) standard. The FSW joints were prepared by changing the three input process parameters. To develop experimental run order design matrix, rotatable central composite design strategy was used. Furthermore, genetic algorithm (GA) in combination (Hybrid) with response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), i.e. RSM-GA, ANN-GA, is exercised to optimize the considered process parameters.

The maximum value of UTS, YS and EL of test specimens on universal testing machine was measured as 264 MPa, 204 MPa and 14.41%, respectively. The most optimized results (UTS = 269.544 MPa, YS = 211.121 MPa and EL = 17.127%) are obtained with ANN-GA for the considered objectives.

The optimization of input parameters to increase the output objective values using hybrid soft computing techniques is unique in this research paper. The outcomes of this study will help the FSW using manufacturing industries to choose the best optimized parameters set for FSW prepared butt joint with improved mechanical properties.

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Hybrid heuristic methods exercising to optimize the friction stir welding process parameters for improving the prepared butt joints mechanical properties10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0016World Journal of Engineering2023-05-16© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAmit RanaSandeep DeshwalRajesh Naveen HoodaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-1610.1108/WJE-01-2023-0016https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0016/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Characterization and optimization of weld properties due to the effect of different pin profiles for AA8011 – based friction stir weldinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0029/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis Friction stir welding study aims to weld thick AA8011 aluminium plates, and the interface joints created with a variety of tool pin profiles were examined for their effects on the welding process. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to examine the macro and micro-structural characteristics, as well as the fracture surfaces, of tensile specimens. The mechanical properties (tensile, hardness tests) of the base metal and the welded specimens under a variety of situations being tested. Additionally, a fracture toughness test was used to analyse the resilience of the base metal and the best weldments to crack formation. Using a response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design, the optimum values for the three key parameters (rotational speed, welding speed and tool pin profile) positively affecting the weld quality were established. The results demonstrate that a defect-free junction can be obtained by using a cylindrical tool pin profile, increasing the rotational speed while decreasing the welding speeds. The high temperature and compressive residual stress generated during welding leads to the increase in grain size. The grain size of the welded zone for optimal conditions is significantly smaller and the hardness of the stir zone is higher than the other experimental run parameters. The work focuses on the careful examination of microstructures behaviour under various tool pin profile responsible for the change in mechanical properties. The mathematical model generated using Taguchi approach and parameters was optimized by using multi-objectives response surface methodology techniques.Characterization and optimization of weld properties due to the effect of different pin profiles for AA8011 – based friction stir welding
Srinivas Naik Lonavath, Hadya Boda
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This Friction stir welding study aims to weld thick AA8011 aluminium plates, and the interface joints created with a variety of tool pin profiles were examined for their effects on the welding process.

Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to examine the macro and micro-structural characteristics, as well as the fracture surfaces, of tensile specimens. The mechanical properties (tensile, hardness tests) of the base metal and the welded specimens under a variety of situations being tested. Additionally, a fracture toughness test was used to analyse the resilience of the base metal and the best weldments to crack formation. Using a response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design, the optimum values for the three key parameters (rotational speed, welding speed and tool pin profile) positively affecting the weld quality were established.

The results demonstrate that a defect-free junction can be obtained by using a cylindrical tool pin profile, increasing the rotational speed while decreasing the welding speeds. The high temperature and compressive residual stress generated during welding leads to the increase in grain size. The grain size of the welded zone for optimal conditions is significantly smaller and the hardness of the stir zone is higher than the other experimental run parameters.

The work focuses on the careful examination of microstructures behaviour under various tool pin profile responsible for the change in mechanical properties. The mathematical model generated using Taguchi approach and parameters was optimized by using multi-objectives response surface methodology techniques.

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Characterization and optimization of weld properties due to the effect of different pin profiles for AA8011 – based friction stir welding10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0029World Journal of Engineering2023-06-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSrinivas Naik LonavathHadya BodaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-1210.1108/WJE-01-2023-0029https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0029/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Influence of TiO and YO nanoparticles on mechanical properties of aluminium matrix hybrid nanocomposites fabricated by vacuum die castinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0032/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of titanium oxide (TiO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles-reinforced pure aluminium (Al) on the mechanical properties of hybrid aluminium matrix nanocomposites (HAMNCs). The HAMNCs were fabricated via a vacuum die-assisted stir casting route by a two-step feeding method. The varying weight percentages of TiO2 and Y2O3 nanoparticles were added as 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 Wt.%. Scanning electron microscope images showed the homogenous dispersion of nanoparticles in Al matrix. The tensile strength by 28.97%, yield strength by 50.60%, compression strength by 104.6% and micro-hardness by 50.90% were improved in HAMNC1 when compared to the base matrix. The highest values impact strength of 36.3 J was observed for HAMNC1. The elongation % was decreased by increasing the weight percentage of the nanoparticles. HAMNC1 improved the wear resistance by 23.68%, while increasing the coefficient of friction by 14.18%. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis of the fractured surfaces of tensile samples revealed microcracks and the debonding of nanoparticles. The combined effect of TiO2 and Y2O3 nanoparticles with pure Al on mechanical properties has been studied. The composites were fabricated with two-step feeding vacuum-assisted stir casting.Influence of TiO and YO nanoparticles on mechanical properties of aluminium matrix hybrid nanocomposites fabricated by vacuum die casting
Mandeep Singh, Khushdeep Goyal, Deepak Bhandari
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of titanium oxide (TiO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles-reinforced pure aluminium (Al) on the mechanical properties of hybrid aluminium matrix nanocomposites (HAMNCs).

The HAMNCs were fabricated via a vacuum die-assisted stir casting route by a two-step feeding method. The varying weight percentages of TiO2 and Y2O3 nanoparticles were added as 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 Wt.%.

Scanning electron microscope images showed the homogenous dispersion of nanoparticles in Al matrix. The tensile strength by 28.97%, yield strength by 50.60%, compression strength by 104.6% and micro-hardness by 50.90% were improved in HAMNC1 when compared to the base matrix. The highest values impact strength of 36.3 J was observed for HAMNC1. The elongation % was decreased by increasing the weight percentage of the nanoparticles. HAMNC1 improved the wear resistance by 23.68%, while increasing the coefficient of friction by 14.18%. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis of the fractured surfaces of tensile samples revealed microcracks and the debonding of nanoparticles.

The combined effect of TiO2 and Y2O3 nanoparticles with pure Al on mechanical properties has been studied. The composites were fabricated with two-step feeding vacuum-assisted stir casting.

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Influence of TiO and YO nanoparticles on mechanical properties of aluminium matrix hybrid nanocomposites fabricated by vacuum die casting10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0032World Journal of Engineering2023-06-19© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMandeep SinghKhushdeep GoyalDeepak BhandariWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-1910.1108/WJE-01-2023-0032https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-01-2023-0032/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Durability performance of concrete containing recycled coarse aggregates derived from laboratory-tested specimenshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0033/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe durability of concrete containing recycled aggregates, sourced from concrete specimens that have been tested in laboratory testing facilities, remains understudied. This paper aims to present the results of experiments investigating the effect of incorporating such type of concrete waste on the strength and durability-related properties of concrete. A total of 77 concrete cylinders sized Ø100 × 200 mm with varying amount of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) (0%–100% by volume, at 25% increments) and maximum aggregate size (12.5, 19.0 and 25.0 mm) were fabricated and tested for slump, compressive strength, sorptivity and electrical resistivity. Disk-shaped specimens, 50-mm thick, were cut from the original cylinders for sorptivity and resistivity tests. Analysis of variance and post hoc test were conducted to detect statistical variability among the data. Compared to regular concrete, a reduction of slump (by 18.6%), strength (15.1%), secondary sorptivity (31.5%) and resistivity (17.0%) were observed from concrete containing 100% RCA. Statistical analyses indicate that these differences are significant. In general, an aggregate size of 19 mm was found to produce the optimum value of slump, compressive strength and sorptivity in regular and RCA-added concrete. The results of this study suggest that comparable properties of normal concrete were still achieved by replacing 25% of coarse aggregate volume with 19-mm RCA, which was processed from laboratory-tested concrete samples. Therefore, such material can be considered as a potential and sustainable alternative to crushed gravel for use in light or nonstructural concrete construction.Durability performance of concrete containing recycled coarse aggregates derived from laboratory-tested specimens
Emel Ken D. Benito, Ariel Miguel M. Aragoncillo, Francis Augustus A. Pascua, Jules M. Juanites, Maricel A. Eneria, Richelle G. Zafra, Marish S. Madlangbayan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The durability of concrete containing recycled aggregates, sourced from concrete specimens that have been tested in laboratory testing facilities, remains understudied. This paper aims to present the results of experiments investigating the effect of incorporating such type of concrete waste on the strength and durability-related properties of concrete.

A total of 77 concrete cylinders sized Ø100 × 200 mm with varying amount of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) (0%–100% by volume, at 25% increments) and maximum aggregate size (12.5, 19.0 and 25.0 mm) were fabricated and tested for slump, compressive strength, sorptivity and electrical resistivity. Disk-shaped specimens, 50-mm thick, were cut from the original cylinders for sorptivity and resistivity tests. Analysis of variance and post hoc test were conducted to detect statistical variability among the data.

Compared to regular concrete, a reduction of slump (by 18.6%), strength (15.1%), secondary sorptivity (31.5%) and resistivity (17.0%) were observed from concrete containing 100% RCA. Statistical analyses indicate that these differences are significant. In general, an aggregate size of 19 mm was found to produce the optimum value of slump, compressive strength and sorptivity in regular and RCA-added concrete.

The results of this study suggest that comparable properties of normal concrete were still achieved by replacing 25% of coarse aggregate volume with 19-mm RCA, which was processed from laboratory-tested concrete samples. Therefore, such material can be considered as a potential and sustainable alternative to crushed gravel for use in light or nonstructural concrete construction.

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Durability performance of concrete containing recycled coarse aggregates derived from laboratory-tested specimens10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0033World Journal of Engineering2023-04-18© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedEmel Ken D. BenitoAriel Miguel M. AragoncilloFrancis Augustus A. PascuaJules M. JuanitesMaricel A. EneriaRichelle G. ZafraMarish S. MadlangbayanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-1810.1108/WJE-02-2023-0033https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0033/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
A simplified three-diode model for photovoltaic module: cell modeling and performance analysishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0039/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestEstimation of solar cell parameters, mathematical modeling and the actual performance analysis of photovoltaic (PV) cells at various ecological conditions are very important in the design and analysis of maximum power point trackers and power converters. This study aims to propose the analysis and modeling of a simplified three-diode model based on the manufacturer’s performance data. A novel technique is presented to evaluate the PV cell constraints and simplify the existing equation using analytical and iterative methods. To examine the current equation, this study focuses on three crucial operational points: open circuit, short circuit and maximum operating points. The number of parameters needed to estimate these built-in models is decreased from nine to five by an effective iteration method, considerably reducing computational requirements. The proposed model, in contrast to the previous complex nine-parameter three-diode model, simplifies the modeling and analysis process by requiring only five parameters. To ensure the reliability and accuracy of this proposed model, its results were carefully compared with datasheet values under standard test conditions (STC). This model was implemented using MATLAB/Simulink and validated using a polycrystalline solar cell under STC conditions. The proposed three-diode model clearly outperforms the earlier existing two-diode model in terms of accuracy and performance, especially in lower irradiance settings, according to the results and comparison analysis.A simplified three-diode model for photovoltaic module: cell modeling and performance analysis
Bhanu Prakash Saripalli, Gagan Singh, Sonika Singh
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Estimation of solar cell parameters, mathematical modeling and the actual performance analysis of photovoltaic (PV) cells at various ecological conditions are very important in the design and analysis of maximum power point trackers and power converters. This study aims to propose the analysis and modeling of a simplified three-diode model based on the manufacturer’s performance data.

A novel technique is presented to evaluate the PV cell constraints and simplify the existing equation using analytical and iterative methods. To examine the current equation, this study focuses on three crucial operational points: open circuit, short circuit and maximum operating points. The number of parameters needed to estimate these built-in models is decreased from nine to five by an effective iteration method, considerably reducing computational requirements.

The proposed model, in contrast to the previous complex nine-parameter three-diode model, simplifies the modeling and analysis process by requiring only five parameters. To ensure the reliability and accuracy of this proposed model, its results were carefully compared with datasheet values under standard test conditions (STC). This model was implemented using MATLAB/Simulink and validated using a polycrystalline solar cell under STC conditions.

The proposed three-diode model clearly outperforms the earlier existing two-diode model in terms of accuracy and performance, especially in lower irradiance settings, according to the results and comparison analysis.

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A simplified three-diode model for photovoltaic module: cell modeling and performance analysis10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0039World Journal of Engineering2023-11-03© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedBhanu Prakash SaripalliGagan SinghSonika SinghWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-0310.1108/WJE-02-2023-0039https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0039/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Dynamics of micropolar-Walters B fluids under the influence of thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour mechanismshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0044/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate the Dynamics of micropolar – water B Fluids flow simultaneously under the influence of thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour Mechanisms. The thermal radiation contribution, the chemical change and heat generation take fluidity into account. The flow equations are used to produce a series of dimensionless equations with appropriate nondimensional quantities. By using the spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM), simplified dimensionless equations have been quantitatively solved. With Chebyshev pseudospectral technique, SHAM integrates the approach of the well-known method of homotopical analysis to the set of altered equations. In terms of velocity, concentration and temperature profiles, the impacts of Prandtl number, chemical reaction and thermal radiation are studied. All findings are visually shown and all physical values are calculated and tabulated. The results indicate that an increase in the variable viscosity leads to speed and temperature increases. Based on the transport nature of micropolar Walters B fluids, the thermal conductivity has great impact on the Prandtl number and decrease the velocity and temperature. The current research was very well supported by prior literature works. The results in this paper are anticipated to be helpful for biotechnology, food processing and boiling. It is used primarily in refrigerating systems, tensile heating to large-scale heating and oil pipeline reduction. All results are presented graphically and all physical quantities are computed and tabulated.Dynamics of micropolar-Walters B fluids under the influence of thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour mechanisms
Florence Dami Ayegbusi, Emile Franc Doungmo Goufo, Patrick Tchepmo
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Dynamics of micropolar – water B Fluids flow simultaneously under the influence of thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour Mechanisms.

The thermal radiation contribution, the chemical change and heat generation take fluidity into account. The flow equations are used to produce a series of dimensionless equations with appropriate nondimensional quantities. By using the spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM), simplified dimensionless equations have been quantitatively solved. With Chebyshev pseudospectral technique, SHAM integrates the approach of the well-known method of homotopical analysis to the set of altered equations. In terms of velocity, concentration and temperature profiles, the impacts of Prandtl number, chemical reaction and thermal radiation are studied. All findings are visually shown and all physical values are calculated and tabulated.

The results indicate that an increase in the variable viscosity leads to speed and temperature increases. Based on the transport nature of micropolar Walters B fluids, the thermal conductivity has great impact on the Prandtl number and decrease the velocity and temperature. The current research was very well supported by prior literature works. The results in this paper are anticipated to be helpful for biotechnology, food processing and boiling. It is used primarily in refrigerating systems, tensile heating to large-scale heating and oil pipeline reduction.

All results are presented graphically and all physical quantities are computed and tabulated.

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Dynamics of micropolar-Walters B fluids under the influence of thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour mechanisms10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0044World Journal of Engineering2023-06-01© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedFlorence Dami AyegbusiEmile Franc Doungmo GoufoPatrick TchepmoWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-0110.1108/WJE-02-2023-0044https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-02-2023-0044/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Numerical study on the effect of pillar material on the frequency shift of coupled quartz crystal resonator with pillarhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0068/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to apply the novel numerical model to analyze the effect of pillar material on the response of compound quartz crystal resonator (QCR) with an array of pillars. The performance of the proposed device compared to conventional QCR method was also investigated. A finite element method model was developed to analyze the behavior of QCR coupled with an array of pillars. The model was composed of an elastic pillar, a solution and a perfectly matched layer. The validation of the model was performed through a comparison between its predictions and previous experimental measurements. Notably, a good agreement was observed between the predicted results and the experimental data. The effect of pillar Young’s modulus on the coupled QCR and pillars with a diameter of 20 µm, a center-to-center spacing of 40 µm and a density of 2,500 kg/m3 was investigated. The results indicate that multiple vibration modes can be obtained based on Young’s modulus. Notably, in the case of the QCR–pillar in air, the second vibration mode occurred at a critical Young’s modulus of 0.2 MPa, whereas the first mode was observed at 3.75 Mpa. The vibration phase analysis revealed phase-veering behavior at the critical Young’s modulus, which resulted in a sudden jump-and-drop frequency shift. In addition, the results show that the critical Young’s modulus is dependent on the surrounding environment of the pillar. For instance, the critical Young’s modulus for the first mode of the pillar is approximately 3.75 Mpa in air, whereas it increases to 6.5 Mpa in water. It was concluded that the performance of coupled QCR–pillar devices significantly depends on the pillar material. Therefore, choosing pillar material at critical Young’s modulus can lead to the maximum frequency shift of coupled QCR–pillar devices. The model developed in this work helps the researchers design pillars to achieve maximum frequency shift in their measurements using coupled QCR–pillar.Numerical study on the effect of pillar material on the frequency shift of coupled quartz crystal resonator with pillar
Yi Xie, Baojin Zheng
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to apply the novel numerical model to analyze the effect of pillar material on the response of compound quartz crystal resonator (QCR) with an array of pillars. The performance of the proposed device compared to conventional QCR method was also investigated.

A finite element method model was developed to analyze the behavior of QCR coupled with an array of pillars. The model was composed of an elastic pillar, a solution and a perfectly matched layer. The validation of the model was performed through a comparison between its predictions and previous experimental measurements. Notably, a good agreement was observed between the predicted results and the experimental data.

The effect of pillar Young’s modulus on the coupled QCR and pillars with a diameter of 20 µm, a center-to-center spacing of 40 µm and a density of 2,500 kg/m3 was investigated. The results indicate that multiple vibration modes can be obtained based on Young’s modulus. Notably, in the case of the QCR–pillar in air, the second vibration mode occurred at a critical Young’s modulus of 0.2 MPa, whereas the first mode was observed at 3.75 Mpa. The vibration phase analysis revealed phase-veering behavior at the critical Young’s modulus, which resulted in a sudden jump-and-drop frequency shift. In addition, the results show that the critical Young’s modulus is dependent on the surrounding environment of the pillar. For instance, the critical Young’s modulus for the first mode of the pillar is approximately 3.75 Mpa in air, whereas it increases to 6.5 Mpa in water.

It was concluded that the performance of coupled QCR–pillar devices significantly depends on the pillar material. Therefore, choosing pillar material at critical Young’s modulus can lead to the maximum frequency shift of coupled QCR–pillar devices. The model developed in this work helps the researchers design pillars to achieve maximum frequency shift in their measurements using coupled QCR–pillar.

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Numerical study on the effect of pillar material on the frequency shift of coupled quartz crystal resonator with pillar10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0068World Journal of Engineering2023-08-22© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedYi XieBaojin ZhengWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-2210.1108/WJE-03-2023-0068https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0068/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Investigating beam-column connections using triangular web profiled steel sectionshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0071/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestBasically, connections are used to transfer the force supported by structural members to other parts of the structure. The flush end-plate bolted beam to column connection is one type that has been widely used because of its simplicity in fabrication and rapid site erection. The purpose of this study is to determine the moment-rotation curve, moment of resistance (MR) and mode of failure, and the results were compared with existing results for normal flat web connections. In this study, the connection modeled was the flush end-plate welded with triangular web profile (TriWP) steel beam section and then bolted to a UKC column flange. The bolted flush end-plate semi-rigid beam to column connection was modeled using finite element software. The specimen was modeled using LUSAS 14.3 finite element software, with dimensions and parameters of the finite element model sizes being 200 × 200 × 49.9 UKC, 200 × 100 × 17.8 UKB and 200 × 100 with a thickness of 20 mm for the endplate. It can be concluded that the MR obtained from the TriWP steel beam section is different from that of the normal flat web steel beam by 28%. The value of MR for the TriWP beam section is lower than that of the normal flat web beam section, but the moment ultimate is higher by 21% than the normal flat web. Therefore, it can be concluded that the TriWP section can resist more acting force than the normal flat web section and is suitable to be used as a new proposed shape to replace the normal flat web section for a certain steel structure based on the end-plate connection behavior. As a result, the TriWP section has better performance than the flat web section in resisting MR behavior.Investigating beam-column connections using triangular web profiled steel sections
Nor Salwani Hashim, Fatimah De’nan, Norbaya Omar
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Basically, connections are used to transfer the force supported by structural members to other parts of the structure. The flush end-plate bolted beam to column connection is one type that has been widely used because of its simplicity in fabrication and rapid site erection. The purpose of this study is to determine the moment-rotation curve, moment of resistance (MR) and mode of failure, and the results were compared with existing results for normal flat web connections.

In this study, the connection modeled was the flush end-plate welded with triangular web profile (TriWP) steel beam section and then bolted to a UKC column flange. The bolted flush end-plate semi-rigid beam to column connection was modeled using finite element software. The specimen was modeled using LUSAS 14.3 finite element software, with dimensions and parameters of the finite element model sizes being 200 × 200 × 49.9 UKC, 200 × 100 × 17.8 UKB and 200 × 100 with a thickness of 20 mm for the endplate.

It can be concluded that the MR obtained from the TriWP steel beam section is different from that of the normal flat web steel beam by 28%. The value of MR for the TriWP beam section is lower than that of the normal flat web beam section, but the moment ultimate is higher by 21% than the normal flat web. Therefore, it can be concluded that the TriWP section can resist more acting force than the normal flat web section and is suitable to be used as a new proposed shape to replace the normal flat web section for a certain steel structure based on the end-plate connection behavior.

As a result, the TriWP section has better performance than the flat web section in resisting MR behavior.

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Investigating beam-column connections using triangular web profiled steel sections10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0071World Journal of Engineering2023-08-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedNor Salwani HashimFatimah De’nanNorbaya OmarWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-1010.1108/WJE-03-2023-0071https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0071/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Investigating the performance evaluation of Cu-Cr tool fabricated by powder metallurgy during electrical discharge machining of EN9 steelhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0073/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to explore the machining characteristics of electrical discharge machining (EDM) when a tool is fabricated using powder metallurgy. Because pure Cu tools obtained using conventional machining pose problems of high tool wear rate, tool oxidation causes loss of characteristics in tool shape. The research investigation carried out experiments planned through Taguchi’s robust design of experiments and used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to carry out statistical analysis. It has been found that copper and chromium electrodes give less metal removal rate as compared to the pure Cu tool. Analytical outcomes of ANOVA demonstrated that MRR is notably affected by the variable’s polarity, peak current, pulse on time and electrode type in the machining of EN9 steel with EDM, whereas the variables pulse on time, gap voltage and electrode type have a significant influence on EWR. Furthermore, the process also showed that the use of powder metallurgy tool effectively reduces the value of SR of the machined surface as well as the tool wear rate. The investigation exhibited the possibility of the use of powder metallurgy electrodes to upgrade the machining efficiency of EDM process. There is no major limitation or implication of this study. However, the composition of the powders used in powder metallurgy for the fabrication of tools needs to be precisely controlled with careful control of process variables during subsequent fabrication of electrodes. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the effectiveness of copper and chromium electrodes/tools fabricated by means of powder metallurgy in EDM of EN9 steel. The effectiveness of the tool is assessed in terms of productivity, as well as accuracy measures of MRR and surface roughness of the components in EDM machining.Investigating the performance evaluation of Cu-Cr tool fabricated by powder metallurgy during electrical discharge machining of EN9 steel
Abhinav Shard, Mohinder Pal Garg, Vishal Gupta
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to explore the machining characteristics of electrical discharge machining (EDM) when a tool is fabricated using powder metallurgy. Because pure Cu tools obtained using conventional machining pose problems of high tool wear rate, tool oxidation causes loss of characteristics in tool shape.

The research investigation carried out experiments planned through Taguchi’s robust design of experiments and used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to carry out statistical analysis.

It has been found that copper and chromium electrodes give less metal removal rate as compared to the pure Cu tool. Analytical outcomes of ANOVA demonstrated that MRR is notably affected by the variable’s polarity, peak current, pulse on time and electrode type in the machining of EN9 steel with EDM, whereas the variables pulse on time, gap voltage and electrode type have a significant influence on EWR. Furthermore, the process also showed that the use of powder metallurgy tool effectively reduces the value of SR of the machined surface as well as the tool wear rate. The investigation exhibited the possibility of the use of powder metallurgy electrodes to upgrade the machining efficiency of EDM process.

There is no major limitation or implication of this study. However, the composition of the powders used in powder metallurgy for the fabrication of tools needs to be precisely controlled with careful control of process variables during subsequent fabrication of electrodes.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the effectiveness of copper and chromium electrodes/tools fabricated by means of powder metallurgy in EDM of EN9 steel. The effectiveness of the tool is assessed in terms of productivity, as well as accuracy measures of MRR and surface roughness of the components in EDM machining.

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Investigating the performance evaluation of Cu-Cr tool fabricated by powder metallurgy during electrical discharge machining of EN9 steel10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0073World Journal of Engineering2023-09-13© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAbhinav ShardMohinder Pal GargVishal GuptaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-09-1310.1108/WJE-03-2023-0073https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0073/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Impact of web perforation size and shapes on structural behavior: a finite element analysishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0076/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestVarious designs of corrugated webs include trapezoidal, sinusoidal, triangular and rectangular profiles. The increasing use of curved plates has prompted the creation of I-sections made of steel with a corrugated web design. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of an I-beam steel section that features a perforated-triangular web profile. In the current study, finite element analysis was conducted on corrugated-perforated steel I-sections using ANSYS software. The study focused on inspecting the design of the perforations, including their shape (circle, square, hexagon, diamond and octagon), size of perforations (80 mm, 100 mm and 120 mm) and layout (the position of web perforation), as well as examining the geometric properties of the section in term of bending, lateral torsional buckling, torsion and shear behavior. The study revealed that perforations with diamond, circle and hexagon shapes exhibit good performance, whereas the square shape performs poorly. Moreover, the steel section’s performance decreases with an increase in perforation size, regardless of loading conditions. In addition, the shape of the web perforations can also influence its stress distribution. For example, diamond-shaped perforations have been found to perform better than square-shaped perforations in terms of stress distribution and overall performance. This was because of their ability to distribute stress more evenly and provide greater support to the surrounding material. The diagonal alignment of the diamond shape aligns with principal stress directions, allowing for efficient load transfer and reduced stress concentrations. Additionally, diamond-shaped perforations offer a larger effective area, better shear transfer and improved strain redistribution, resulting in enhanced structural integrity and increased load-carrying capacity. Hence, the presence of lateral-torsional buckling and torsional loading conditions significantly impacts the performance of corrugated-perforated steel I-sections.Impact of web perforation size and shapes on structural behavior: a finite element analysis
Fatimah De’nan, Chong Shek Wai, Nor Salwani Hashim
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Various designs of corrugated webs include trapezoidal, sinusoidal, triangular and rectangular profiles. The increasing use of curved plates has prompted the creation of I-sections made of steel with a corrugated web design. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of an I-beam steel section that features a perforated-triangular web profile.

In the current study, finite element analysis was conducted on corrugated-perforated steel I-sections using ANSYS software. The study focused on inspecting the design of the perforations, including their shape (circle, square, hexagon, diamond and octagon), size of perforations (80 mm, 100 mm and 120 mm) and layout (the position of web perforation), as well as examining the geometric properties of the section in term of bending, lateral torsional buckling, torsion and shear behavior.

The study revealed that perforations with diamond, circle and hexagon shapes exhibit good performance, whereas the square shape performs poorly. Moreover, the steel section’s performance decreases with an increase in perforation size, regardless of loading conditions. In addition, the shape of the web perforations can also influence its stress distribution. For example, diamond-shaped perforations have been found to perform better than square-shaped perforations in terms of stress distribution and overall performance. This was because of their ability to distribute stress more evenly and provide greater support to the surrounding material. The diagonal alignment of the diamond shape aligns with principal stress directions, allowing for efficient load transfer and reduced stress concentrations. Additionally, diamond-shaped perforations offer a larger effective area, better shear transfer and improved strain redistribution, resulting in enhanced structural integrity and increased load-carrying capacity.

Hence, the presence of lateral-torsional buckling and torsional loading conditions significantly impacts the performance of corrugated-perforated steel I-sections.

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Impact of web perforation size and shapes on structural behavior: a finite element analysis10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0076World Journal of Engineering2023-07-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedFatimah De’nanChong Shek WaiNor Salwani HashimWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-07-1010.1108/WJE-03-2023-0076https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0076/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The numerical assessment of stress distribution of I-beam with web openinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0078/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestCastellated and cellular beams achieved the same strength as solid I-beams with the same depth, resulting in significantly lighter and more economical structures. The purpose of this study is to analyse the bending behaviour of I-beam steel sections with certain web openings by finite element analysis. The accuracy of finite element results allows extensive numerical analysis of sections with web openings, concentrating on the web opening sizes and web opening positions. These assumptions can increase the induced section load with various shapes of web opening depth and web opening shapes of c-hexagon, hexagon, octagon, circular and square. This also includes spacing distances, with a 50-mm edge and 150-mm centre-to-centre distance and a section with a 100-mm edge and 200-mm centre-to-centre distance. Generally, the adjustment of the opening geometry (by reducing the angle of web pitch or reducing the opening depth depending on analysed parameters) may influence the bending behaviour. Additionally, Model 2 was found to be the optimum model compared to Model 1, mainly in terms of bending. Moreover, the I-beam with a c-hexagon shape opening exhibited the lowest displacement compared to other sections with other web opening shapes. Section with a different arrangement of web opening, Type E shows the lower displacement while higher displacement is observed for Type A and also higher displacement considered for Type G. The optimum model is associated with Type E, followed by Type D, compared to other types of certain web opening and I-beam. The use of sections with different arrangements of web opening improved the performance of the perforated section in terms of structural behaviour, compared to typical I-beam, thus leading to economic design.The numerical assessment of stress distribution of I-beam with web opening
Nor Salwani Hashim, Fatimah De'nan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Castellated and cellular beams achieved the same strength as solid I-beams with the same depth, resulting in significantly lighter and more economical structures. The purpose of this study is to analyse the bending behaviour of I-beam steel sections with certain web openings by finite element analysis.

The accuracy of finite element results allows extensive numerical analysis of sections with web openings, concentrating on the web opening sizes and web opening positions. These assumptions can increase the induced section load with various shapes of web opening depth and web opening shapes of c-hexagon, hexagon, octagon, circular and square. This also includes spacing distances, with a 50-mm edge and 150-mm centre-to-centre distance and a section with a 100-mm edge and 200-mm centre-to-centre distance. Generally, the adjustment of the opening geometry (by reducing the angle of web pitch or reducing the opening depth depending on analysed parameters) may influence the bending behaviour.

Additionally, Model 2 was found to be the optimum model compared to Model 1, mainly in terms of bending. Moreover, the I-beam with a c-hexagon shape opening exhibited the lowest displacement compared to other sections with other web opening shapes. Section with a different arrangement of web opening, Type E shows the lower displacement while higher displacement is observed for Type A and also higher displacement considered for Type G. The optimum model is associated with Type E, followed by Type D, compared to other types of certain web opening and I-beam.

The use of sections with different arrangements of web opening improved the performance of the perforated section in terms of structural behaviour, compared to typical I-beam, thus leading to economic design.

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The numerical assessment of stress distribution of I-beam with web opening10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0078World Journal of Engineering2023-08-22© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedNor Salwani HashimFatimah De'nanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-2210.1108/WJE-03-2023-0078https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-03-2023-0078/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
New approach for the mix design of high-strength concretes valorization of local aggregateshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0161/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to understanding the influence of factors such as the water/cement (W/C) ratio and the granular class on the mechanical and physical properties of high-strength concretes (HSCs). In the formulations of HSC, aggregates by their high mass and volume proportion play an important role. When selecting aggregates, it is necessary to know their intrinsic properties. These properties influence the performance of concrete, in particular the quality of the granulate cimentary adhesion. This experimental study focused on the effect of W/C ratio (0.25, 0.30, 0.35), the effect of replacing a part of cement by silica fume (SF) (8%), the effect of fraction of aggregate on properties of fresh and hardened concrete, the effect of different environment conversation like drinking water and sea water on compressive strength and the study of absorption of water and softening using the mix design method of the University of Sherbrooke combined with the Dreux-Gorisse method which gives good results. At the end of our work, the examination of the results obtained made it possible to establish the correlations between the formulations studied and the physicomechanical characteristics of the concrete compositions (HSC25, HSC16, HSC8). The results of this study show that the use of three granular classifications (DMAX8, DMAX16 and DMAX25) and three report W/C (0.25, 0.30 and 0.35) in two different conservation environment (drinking water and sea water) give HSCs, HSC25 with an W/C = 0.25 ratio has reached the largest mechanical strength of 90 MPa for different environments of conservation. For selecting aggregates, it is necessary to know their intrinsic properties, these properties influence the strength of concrete. In general, there is a slight decrease in the compressive resistance of the specimens stored in seawater, it can be said that the conservation life has not had effect on the resistance (28 days). The effect of aggressive environment can appear in the long term. Mixed design and concrete fabrication with a 28-day compressive strength of up to 68 MPa or more of 90 MPa can now be possible used in Jiel (Algeria), and it should no longer be considered to be used only in an experimental domain. Addition of SF in concrete showed good development of strength between 7 and 28 days, depending on the design of the mix. Concrete containing 8% SF with W/B of 0.25 has higher compressive strength than the other concretes, and concretes with SF are more resistant than concretes without SF, so it is possible to have concrete with a compressive strength of 82 MPa for W/C 0.25 without SF. Like as a result, we can avoid the use of SF to affect the strength of concrete at compressive strength of 68 MPa, and a slump of 21 cm, because the SF is the most expensive ingredient used in the composition of concrete and is therefore very important economically. One of the main factors of production of HSC above 90 MPa is use of aggregate DMAX25, which is stronger with W/B of 0.25 and 0.30. This mixtures leads to a very dense microstructure and low porosity and produces increased permeability of HSC and is able to resist the penetration of aggressive agents. This combination has a positive effect on the economy of concrete. The combination of the Dreux-Gorisse method with the Sherbrook method is very beneficial for determining the percentage of aggregates used, and the use of coarse aggregates of Jijel to obtain HSC with 90 MPa and 16 cm of workability.New approach for the mix design of high-strength concretes valorization of local aggregates
Sabah Ben Messaoud
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to understanding the influence of factors such as the water/cement (W/C) ratio and the granular class on the mechanical and physical properties of high-strength concretes (HSCs). In the formulations of HSC, aggregates by their high mass and volume proportion play an important role. When selecting aggregates, it is necessary to know their intrinsic properties. These properties influence the performance of concrete, in particular the quality of the granulate cimentary adhesion.

This experimental study focused on the effect of W/C ratio (0.25, 0.30, 0.35), the effect of replacing a part of cement by silica fume (SF) (8%), the effect of fraction of aggregate on properties of fresh and hardened concrete, the effect of different environment conversation like drinking water and sea water on compressive strength and the study of absorption of water and softening using the mix design method of the University of Sherbrooke combined with the Dreux-Gorisse method which gives good results.

At the end of our work, the examination of the results obtained made it possible to establish the correlations between the formulations studied and the physicomechanical characteristics of the concrete compositions (HSC25, HSC16, HSC8). The results of this study show that the use of three granular classifications (DMAX8, DMAX16 and DMAX25) and three report W/C (0.25, 0.30 and 0.35) in two different conservation environment (drinking water and sea water) give HSCs, HSC25 with an W/C = 0.25 ratio has reached the largest mechanical strength of 90 MPa for different environments of conservation. For selecting aggregates, it is necessary to know their intrinsic properties, these properties influence the strength of concrete. In general, there is a slight decrease in the compressive resistance of the specimens stored in seawater, it can be said that the conservation life has not had effect on the resistance (28 days). The effect of aggressive environment can appear in the long term.

Mixed design and concrete fabrication with a 28-day compressive strength of up to 68 MPa or more of 90 MPa can now be possible used in Jiel (Algeria), and it should no longer be considered to be used only in an experimental domain. Addition of SF in concrete showed good development of strength between 7 and 28 days, depending on the design of the mix.

Concrete containing 8% SF with W/B of 0.25 has higher compressive strength than the other concretes, and concretes with SF are more resistant than concretes without SF, so it is possible to have concrete with a compressive strength of 82 MPa for W/C 0.25 without SF. Like as a result, we can avoid the use of SF to affect the strength of concrete at compressive strength of 68 MPa, and a slump of 21 cm, because the SF is the most expensive ingredient used in the composition of concrete and is therefore very important economically. One of the main factors of production of HSC above 90 MPa is use of aggregate DMAX25, which is stronger with W/B of 0.25 and 0.30.

This mixtures leads to a very dense microstructure and low porosity and produces increased permeability of HSC and is able to resist the penetration of aggressive agents. This combination has a positive effect on the economy of concrete.

The combination of the Dreux-Gorisse method with the Sherbrook method is very beneficial for determining the percentage of aggregates used, and the use of coarse aggregates of Jijel to obtain HSC with 90 MPa and 16 cm of workability.

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New approach for the mix design of high-strength concretes valorization of local aggregates10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0161World Journal of Engineering2023-01-20© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedSabah Ben MessaoudWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-01-2010.1108/WJE-04-2022-0161https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0161/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Structural and fatigue analysis of car wheel rims with carbon fibre compositeshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0178/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to follow up on the structural and fatigue analysis of car wheel rims with carbon fibre composites in order to ensure the vehicular safety. The wheel is an essential element of the vehicle suspension system that supports the static and dynamic loads encountered during its motion. The rim provides a firm base to hold the tire and supports the wheel, and it is also one of the load-bearing elements in the entire automobile as the car's weight and occupants' weight act upon it. The wheel rim should be strong enough to withstand the load with such a background, ensuring vehicle safety, comfort and performance. The dimensions, shape, structure and material of the rim are crucial factors for studying vehicle handling characteristics that demand automobile designers' concern. In the present study, solid models of three different wheel rims, namely, R-1, R-2 and R-3, designed for three different cars, are modelled in SOLIDWORKS. Different carbon composite materials of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), namely, PEEK 90 HMF 40, PEEK 450 CA 30, PEEK 450 GL 40 and carbon fibre reinforced polymer-unidirectional (CFRP-UD) are used as rim materials for conducting the structural and fatigue analysis using ANSYS Workbench. The results thus obtained in the analyses are used to identify the better carbon fibre composite material for the wheel rim such that it gives better structural properties and less fatigue. The R-3 model rim has shown better structural properties and less fatigue with PEEK 90 HMF 40 material. The carbon composite materials used in this study have shown promissory results that can be used as an alternative for aluminium, steel and other regular materials.Structural and fatigue analysis of car wheel rims with carbon fibre composites
SVKSV Krishna Kiran Poodipeddi, Amarthya Singampalli, Lalith Sai Madhav Rayala, Surya Sudarsan Naveen Ravula
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to follow up on the structural and fatigue analysis of car wheel rims with carbon fibre composites in order to ensure the vehicular safety. The wheel is an essential element of the vehicle suspension system that supports the static and dynamic loads encountered during its motion. The rim provides a firm base to hold the tire and supports the wheel, and it is also one of the load-bearing elements in the entire automobile as the car's weight and occupants' weight act upon it. The wheel rim should be strong enough to withstand the load with such a background, ensuring vehicle safety, comfort and performance. The dimensions, shape, structure and material of the rim are crucial factors for studying vehicle handling characteristics that demand automobile designers' concern.

In the present study, solid models of three different wheel rims, namely, R-1, R-2 and R-3, designed for three different cars, are modelled in SOLIDWORKS. Different carbon composite materials of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), namely, PEEK 90 HMF 40, PEEK 450 CA 30, PEEK 450 GL 40 and carbon fibre reinforced polymer-unidirectional (CFRP-UD) are used as rim materials for conducting the structural and fatigue analysis using ANSYS Workbench.

The results thus obtained in the analyses are used to identify the better carbon fibre composite material for the wheel rim such that it gives better structural properties and less fatigue. The R-3 model rim has shown better structural properties and less fatigue with PEEK 90 HMF 40 material.

The carbon composite materials used in this study have shown promissory results that can be used as an alternative for aluminium, steel and other regular materials.

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Structural and fatigue analysis of car wheel rims with carbon fibre composites10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0178World Journal of Engineering2023-04-28© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSVKSV Krishna Kiran PoodipeddiAmarthya SingampalliLalith Sai Madhav RayalaSurya Sudarsan Naveen RavulaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-2810.1108/WJE-04-2022-0178https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2022-0178/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect on properties of geopolymer concrete by inclusion of recycled aggregate and methods to enhance the packing density of aggregatehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0088/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to practically determine the optimum proportion of aggregates to attain the desired strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) and then compare the results using established analytical particle packing methods. The investigation further aims to assess the influence of various amounts of recycled aggregate (RA) on properties of low-calcium fly ash-based GPC of grade M25. Fine and coarse aggregates were blended in various proportions and the proportion yielding maximum packing density was selected as the optimum proportion and they were compared with analytical models, such as Modified Toufar Model (MTM) and J. D. Dewar Model. RAs for this study were produced in laboratory and they were used in various amounts, namely, 0%, 50% and 100%. 12M NaOH solution was mixed with Na2SiO3 in the ratio of 1:2. The curing of concrete was done at the temperatures of 60° and 90 °C for 24, 48 and 72h. The experimentally obtained optimum proportion of coarse to fine aggregate was 60:40 for all amounts of RA. Meanwhile, MTM and Dewar Model resulted in coarse aggregate to fine aggregates as 40:60, 45:55, 55:45 and 55:45, 35:65, 60:40, respectively, for 0% 100% and 50% RAs. The compressive strength of GPC elevated with the increase in curing regime. In addition, the ultrasonic pulse velocity also displayed a similar trend as that of strength. The GPC with 50% RAs may be considered for use, as it exhibited superior properties compared to GPC with 100% RAs and was comparable to GPC with natural aggregates. Furthermore, compressive strength is correlated with split tensile strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity.Effect on properties of geopolymer concrete by inclusion of recycled aggregate and methods to enhance the packing density of aggregate
Tanuja Gupta, M. Chakradhara Rao
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to practically determine the optimum proportion of aggregates to attain the desired strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) and then compare the results using established analytical particle packing methods. The investigation further aims to assess the influence of various amounts of recycled aggregate (RA) on properties of low-calcium fly ash-based GPC of grade M25.

Fine and coarse aggregates were blended in various proportions and the proportion yielding maximum packing density was selected as the optimum proportion and they were compared with analytical models, such as Modified Toufar Model (MTM) and J. D. Dewar Model. RAs for this study were produced in laboratory and they were used in various amounts, namely, 0%, 50% and 100%. 12M NaOH solution was mixed with Na2SiO3 in the ratio of 1:2. The curing of concrete was done at the temperatures of 60° and 90 °C for 24, 48 and 72h.

The experimentally obtained optimum proportion of coarse to fine aggregate was 60:40 for all amounts of RA. Meanwhile, MTM and Dewar Model resulted in coarse aggregate to fine aggregates as 40:60, 45:55, 55:45 and 55:45, 35:65, 60:40, respectively, for 0% 100% and 50% RAs. The compressive strength of GPC elevated with the increase in curing regime. In addition, the ultrasonic pulse velocity also displayed a similar trend as that of strength.

The GPC with 50% RAs may be considered for use, as it exhibited superior properties compared to GPC with 100% RAs and was comparable to GPC with natural aggregates. Furthermore, compressive strength is correlated with split tensile strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity.

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Effect on properties of geopolymer concrete by inclusion of recycled aggregate and methods to enhance the packing density of aggregate10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0088World Journal of Engineering2023-11-27© Emerald Publishing LimitedTanuja GuptaM. Chakradhara RaoWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2710.1108/WJE-04-2023-0088https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0088/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© Emerald Publishing Limited
Seismic hazard assessment studies based on developed deterministic and probabilistic approaches for the central-east of Iran regionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0100/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis Study aims to present the seismic hazard assessment of the earthquake-prone eastern of Iran that has become more important due to its growing economic importance. Many cities in this region have experienced life and financial losses due to major earthquakes in recent years. Thus, in this study the seismic hazard maps and curves, and site-specific spectrums were obtained by using probabilistic approaches for the region. The seismotectonic information, seismicity data and earthquake catalogues were gathered, main active seismic sources were identified and seismic zones were considered to cover the potential active seismic regions. The seismic model based on logic tree method used two seismic source models, two declustered catalogues, three choices for earthquake recurrence parameters and maximum considered earthquakes and four ground motion predicting (attenuation) models (GMPE). The results showed a wide range of seismic hazards levels in the study region. The peak ground acceleration (PGAs) for 475 years returns period ranges between 0.1 g in the north-west part of the region with low seismic activity, to 0.52 g in the south-west part with high levels of seismicity. The PGAs for a 2,475-year period, also ranged from 0.12 to 0.80 g for the same regions. The computed hazard results were compared to the acceptable level of seismic hazard in the region based on Iran seismic code. A new probabilistic approach has been developed for obtaining seismic hazard maps and curves; these results would help engineers in design of earthquake-resistant structures.Seismic hazard assessment studies based on developed deterministic and probabilistic approaches for the central-east of Iran region
Amin Foyouzati, Fayaz Rahimzadeh Rofooei
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This Study aims to present the seismic hazard assessment of the earthquake-prone eastern of Iran that has become more important due to its growing economic importance. Many cities in this region have experienced life and financial losses due to major earthquakes in recent years. Thus, in this study the seismic hazard maps and curves, and site-specific spectrums were obtained by using probabilistic approaches for the region.

The seismotectonic information, seismicity data and earthquake catalogues were gathered, main active seismic sources were identified and seismic zones were considered to cover the potential active seismic regions. The seismic model based on logic tree method used two seismic source models, two declustered catalogues, three choices for earthquake recurrence parameters and maximum considered earthquakes and four ground motion predicting (attenuation) models (GMPE).

The results showed a wide range of seismic hazards levels in the study region. The peak ground acceleration (PGAs) for 475 years returns period ranges between 0.1 g in the north-west part of the region with low seismic activity, to 0.52 g in the south-west part with high levels of seismicity. The PGAs for a 2,475-year period, also ranged from 0.12 to 0.80 g for the same regions. The computed hazard results were compared to the acceptable level of seismic hazard in the region based on Iran seismic code.

A new probabilistic approach has been developed for obtaining seismic hazard maps and curves; these results would help engineers in design of earthquake-resistant structures.

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Seismic hazard assessment studies based on developed deterministic and probabilistic approaches for the central-east of Iran region10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0100World Journal of Engineering2023-10-06© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAmin FoyouzatiFayaz Rahimzadeh RofooeiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-10-0610.1108/WJE-04-2023-0100https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0100/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of interfacial surface roughness condition on damping of riveted cantilever beamshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0105/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to analyze deeply the effect of surface roughness conditions of the common interface of the two-layered riveted cantilever beams on their frictional damping during free lateral vibration at first mode. Here, the product, (µ × α), and damping ratio, ξ, are the parameters whose variations are analyzed in this investigation. For this, the influencing parameters considered are the natural frequency of vibration, f; the amplitude of initial excitation, y; and surface roughness value, Ra. For experimentally evaluating logarithmic damping decrement, d, the frequency response function analyzer for the case of free lateral vibrations was used. Later, for evaluating the product, µ × α (where µ is the kinematic coefficient of friction and α is the dynamic slip ratio), and then, the damping ratio, ξ, the empirical relation suggested for logarithmic damping decrement, d, of riveted cantilever beams was used. After this, the full and reduced quadratic models of the product, µ × α, ξ, response surface methodology (RSM) with the help of Design Expert 11 software was used. Corresponding main effects plots, surface plots and prediction comparison plots were obtained to observe the variations of the product, µ × α, ξ for the variations of influencing parameters: f, y and Ra. Finally, a machine learning technique such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) using “nntool” present in MATLAB R13a software was used to predict the ξ for the different combinations of f, y and Ra. The full and reduced quadratic regression models for the product, (µ × α) and the damping ratio, ξ of riveted cantilever beams for free lateral vibrations of the first mode in terms of the parameters: f, y and Ra were obtained. In addition, the main effects plots, surface plots and prediction comparison plots for the product, µ × α, ξ, with the corresponding experimental values of the product, µ × α, ξ, were obtained. Also, the execution of ANNs using MATLAB R13a software is proved to be the more accurate tool for the prediction of damping ratios in comparison to quadratic regression equations obtained from Design Expert 11 software. In the end, the assumption that the effect of surface roughness value on the product, (µ × α), and the damping ratio, ξ, is negligible is proved to be true using the main effects plots for the product, (µ × α) and ξ obtained from the Design Expert 11 software. Obtaining the full and reduced quadratic regression equations for the product, (µ × α), and ξ of the two-layered riveted cantilever beams in terms of parameters: f, y and Ra was done. In addition, the conditions for the corresponding minimum and maximum values of the product, (µ × α), and ξ were obtained. Later, the main effects plots, surface plots and comparison plots of the predicted product, (µ × α), and ξ versus experimental product, (µ × α), and ξ were also obtained. Finally, the predicted values of the product, (µ × α), and ξ using the ANNs tool are observed to be the more accurate values in comparison to that obtained from RSM using the Design Expert 11 software.Effect of interfacial surface roughness condition on damping of riveted cantilever beams
Siva Sankara Rao Yemineni, Mallikarjuna Rao Kutchibotla, Subba Rao V.V.
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to analyze deeply the effect of surface roughness conditions of the common interface of the two-layered riveted cantilever beams on their frictional damping during free lateral vibration at first mode. Here, the product, (µ × α), and damping ratio, ξ, are the parameters whose variations are analyzed in this investigation. For this, the influencing parameters considered are the natural frequency of vibration, f; the amplitude of initial excitation, y; and surface roughness value, Ra.

For experimentally evaluating logarithmic damping decrement, d, the frequency response function analyzer for the case of free lateral vibrations was used. Later, for evaluating the product, µ × α (where µ is the kinematic coefficient of friction and α is the dynamic slip ratio), and then, the damping ratio, ξ, the empirical relation suggested for logarithmic damping decrement, d, of riveted cantilever beams was used. After this, the full and reduced quadratic models of the product, µ × α, ξ, response surface methodology (RSM) with the help of Design Expert 11 software was used. Corresponding main effects plots, surface plots and prediction comparison plots were obtained to observe the variations of the product, µ × α, ξ for the variations of influencing parameters: f, y and Ra. Finally, a machine learning technique such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) using “nntool” present in MATLAB R13a software was used to predict the ξ for the different combinations of f, y and Ra.

The full and reduced quadratic regression models for the product, (µ × α) and the damping ratio, ξ of riveted cantilever beams for free lateral vibrations of the first mode in terms of the parameters: f, y and Ra were obtained. In addition, the main effects plots, surface plots and prediction comparison plots for the product, µ × α, ξ, with the corresponding experimental values of the product, µ × α, ξ, were obtained. Also, the execution of ANNs using MATLAB R13a software is proved to be the more accurate tool for the prediction of damping ratios in comparison to quadratic regression equations obtained from Design Expert 11 software. In the end, the assumption that the effect of surface roughness value on the product, (µ × α), and the damping ratio, ξ, is negligible is proved to be true using the main effects plots for the product, (µ × α) and ξ obtained from the Design Expert 11 software.

Obtaining the full and reduced quadratic regression equations for the product, (µ × α), and ξ of the two-layered riveted cantilever beams in terms of parameters: f, y and Ra was done. In addition, the conditions for the corresponding minimum and maximum values of the product, (µ × α), and ξ were obtained. Later, the main effects plots, surface plots and comparison plots of the predicted product, (µ × α), and ξ versus experimental product, (µ × α), and ξ were also obtained. Finally, the predicted values of the product, (µ × α), and ξ using the ANNs tool are observed to be the more accurate values in comparison to that obtained from RSM using the Design Expert 11 software.

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Effect of interfacial surface roughness condition on damping of riveted cantilever beams10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0105World Journal of Engineering2023-08-11© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSiva Sankara Rao YemineniMallikarjuna Rao KutchibotlaSubba Rao V.V.World Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-1110.1108/WJE-04-2023-0105https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0105/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Finding a generic fixed brake force distribution through optimizing hydraulic brake system parameters to prevent wheel lockhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0106/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe paper aims to identify a suitable generic brake force distribution ratio (β) corresponding to optimal brake design attributes in a diminutive driving range, where road conditions do not exhibit excessive variations. This will intend for an appropriate allocation of brake force distribution (BFD) to provide dynamic stability to the vehicle during braking. Two techniques are presented (with and without wheel slip) to satisfy both brake stability and performance while accommodating variations in load sharing and road friction coefficient. Based on parametric optimization of the design variables of hydraulic brake using evolutionary algorithm, taking into account both the laden and unladen circumstances simultaneously, this research develops an improved model for computing and simulating the BFD applied to commercial and passenger vehicles. The optimal parameter values defining the braking system have been identified, resulting in effective β = 0.695 which enhances the brake forces at respective axles. Nominal slip of 3.42% is achieved with maximum deceleration of 5.72 m/s2 maintaining directional stability during braking. The results obtained from both the methodologies are juxtaposed and assessed governing the vehicle stability in straight line motion to prevent wheel lock. Optimization results establish the practicality, efficacy and applicability of the proposed approaches. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of hydraulic drum brake systems in modern automobiles, which can lead to safer and more efficient braking systems.Finding a generic fixed brake force distribution through optimizing hydraulic brake system parameters to prevent wheel lock
Indranil Banik, Arup Kumar Nandi, Bittagopal Mondal
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The paper aims to identify a suitable generic brake force distribution ratio (β) corresponding to optimal brake design attributes in a diminutive driving range, where road conditions do not exhibit excessive variations. This will intend for an appropriate allocation of brake force distribution (BFD) to provide dynamic stability to the vehicle during braking.

Two techniques are presented (with and without wheel slip) to satisfy both brake stability and performance while accommodating variations in load sharing and road friction coefficient. Based on parametric optimization of the design variables of hydraulic brake using evolutionary algorithm, taking into account both the laden and unladen circumstances simultaneously, this research develops an improved model for computing and simulating the BFD applied to commercial and passenger vehicles.

The optimal parameter values defining the braking system have been identified, resulting in effective β = 0.695 which enhances the brake forces at respective axles. Nominal slip of 3.42% is achieved with maximum deceleration of 5.72 m/s2 maintaining directional stability during braking. The results obtained from both the methodologies are juxtaposed and assessed governing the vehicle stability in straight line motion to prevent wheel lock.

Optimization results establish the practicality, efficacy and applicability of the proposed approaches. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of hydraulic drum brake systems in modern automobiles, which can lead to safer and more efficient braking systems.

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Finding a generic fixed brake force distribution through optimizing hydraulic brake system parameters to prevent wheel lock10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0106World Journal of Engineering2023-12-08© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedIndranil BanikArup Kumar NandiBittagopal MondalWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-0810.1108/WJE-04-2023-0106https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0106/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Study on the effectiveness of single-bolt double-lap joints for integrating the damping system with building structure during cyclic loadhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0107/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestNowadays, in building structures, dampers are connected to the building structure to reduce the damages caused by seismicity in addition to enhancing structural stability, and to connect dampers with the structure, joints are used. In this paper, three different configurations of double-lap joints were designed, developed and tested. This paper aims to analyze three different categories of double-lap single-bolted joints that are used in connecting dampers with concrete and steel frame structures. These joints were designed and tested using computational, numerical and experimental methods. The studies were conducted to examine the reactions of the joints during loading conditions and to select the best joints for the structures that allow easy maintenance of the dampers and also withstand structural deformation when the damper is active during seismicity. Also, a computational analysis was performed on the designed joints integrated with the M25 concrete beam column junction. In this investigation, experimental study was carried out in addition to numerical and computational methods during cyclic load. It was observed from the result that during deformation the double-base multiplate lap joint was suitable for buildings because the deformations on the joint base was negligible when compared with other joints. From the computational analysis, it was revealed that the three double joints while integrated with the beam column junction of M25 grade concrete structure, the damages induced by the double-base multiplate joint was negligible when compared with other two joints used in this study. To prevent the collapse of the building during seismicity, dampers are used and further connecting the damper with the building structures, joints are used. In this paper, three double-lap joints in different design configuration were studied using computational, numerical and experimental techniques.Study on the effectiveness of single-bolt double-lap joints for integrating the damping system with building structure during cyclic load
Mohammed Jazeel, Sam Paul P., Lawrance Gunaraj, Hemalatha G.
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Nowadays, in building structures, dampers are connected to the building structure to reduce the damages caused by seismicity in addition to enhancing structural stability, and to connect dampers with the structure, joints are used. In this paper, three different configurations of double-lap joints were designed, developed and tested.

This paper aims to analyze three different categories of double-lap single-bolted joints that are used in connecting dampers with concrete and steel frame structures. These joints were designed and tested using computational, numerical and experimental methods. The studies were conducted to examine the reactions of the joints during loading conditions and to select the best joints for the structures that allow easy maintenance of the dampers and also withstand structural deformation when the damper is active during seismicity. Also, a computational analysis was performed on the designed joints integrated with the M25 concrete beam column junction. In this investigation, experimental study was carried out in addition to numerical and computational methods during cyclic load.

It was observed from the result that during deformation the double-base multiplate lap joint was suitable for buildings because the deformations on the joint base was negligible when compared with other joints. From the computational analysis, it was revealed that the three double joints while integrated with the beam column junction of M25 grade concrete structure, the damages induced by the double-base multiplate joint was negligible when compared with other two joints used in this study.

To prevent the collapse of the building during seismicity, dampers are used and further connecting the damper with the building structures, joints are used. In this paper, three double-lap joints in different design configuration were studied using computational, numerical and experimental techniques.

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Study on the effectiveness of single-bolt double-lap joints for integrating the damping system with building structure during cyclic load10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0107World Journal of Engineering2023-12-07© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohammed JazeelSam Paul P.Lawrance GunarajHemalatha G.World Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-0710.1108/WJE-04-2023-0107https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0107/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Entropy generation of thermophysical properties on heat and mass transfer pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian nanofluidhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0110/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of entropy generation of some embedded thermophysical properties on heat and mass transfer of pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid flows between two porous parallel plates in the presence of Lorentz force are taken into account in this research. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were nondimensionalized using suitable nondimensional quantities to transform the PDEs into a system of coupled nonlinear PDEs. The resulting equations are solved using the spectral relaxation method due to the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. The obtained velocity and temperature profiles are used to compute the entropy generation rate and Bejan number. The influence of various flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, entropy generation rate and Bejan number are discussed graphically. The results indicate that the energy losses can be minimized in the system by choosing appropriate values for pertinent parameters; when thermal conductivity is increasing, this leads to the depreciation of entropy generation, and while this increment in thermal conductivity appreciates the Bejan number, the Eckert number on entropy generation and Bejan number, the graph shows that each time of increase in Eckert will lead to rising of entropy generation while this increase shows a reduction in Bejan number. To shed more light, these results were further demonstrated graphically. The current research was very well supported by prior literature works. All results are presented graphically, and the results in this article are anticipated to be helpful in the area of engineering.Entropy generation of thermophysical properties on heat and mass transfer pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid
F.D. Ayegbusi, A.S. Idowu
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of entropy generation of some embedded thermophysical properties on heat and mass transfer of pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid flows between two porous parallel plates in the presence of Lorentz force are taken into account in this research.

The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were nondimensionalized using suitable nondimensional quantities to transform the PDEs into a system of coupled nonlinear PDEs. The resulting equations are solved using the spectral relaxation method due to the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. The obtained velocity and temperature profiles are used to compute the entropy generation rate and Bejan number. The influence of various flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, entropy generation rate and Bejan number are discussed graphically.

The results indicate that the energy losses can be minimized in the system by choosing appropriate values for pertinent parameters; when thermal conductivity is increasing, this leads to the depreciation of entropy generation, and while this increment in thermal conductivity appreciates the Bejan number, the Eckert number on entropy generation and Bejan number, the graph shows that each time of increase in Eckert will lead to rising of entropy generation while this increase shows a reduction in Bejan number. To shed more light, these results were further demonstrated graphically. The current research was very well supported by prior literature works.

All results are presented graphically, and the results in this article are anticipated to be helpful in the area of engineering.

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Entropy generation of thermophysical properties on heat and mass transfer pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0110World Journal of Engineering2024-01-15© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedF.D. AyegbusiA.S. IdowuWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1510.1108/WJE-04-2023-0110https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0110/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Exploring the challenges and solutions for river scour in dynamic environments: a comprehensive reviewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0113/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to provide a review for scour in complex rivers and streams with coarser bed material, steep longitudinal bed slopes and dynamic environments, in the interest of the safety and the economy of hydraulic structures. The knowledge of scour in such geographical complexities is very crucial for a comprehensive understanding of scour failures and for establishing definitive criteria to bridge this major research gap. The existing available literature shows significant work done in case of silt, sand and small sized coarser bed material but any substantial work for bed material of gravel size or above is lacking, resulting in a wide gap. Though some researchers have attempted to explore possibilities of refining the existing models by adding pier size, shape, sediment non-uniformity and armouring effects, which otherwise have been given a miss by the various researchers, including the pioneer in the field Lacey–Inglis (1930). But still, a rational model for scour estimation in such complex conditions for global use is yet to come. This is because all the parameters governing the scour have not been studied properly till date as is evident from the globally available literature and is witnessed in the field too, in recurrent failure of hydraulic structures especially bridges. The researchers presume that the finer materials move only as a result of erosion. However, in actual field conditions, it has been observed that the large-sized stones also roll down and cause huge erosion along the river bed and damage the hydraulic structures, especially in the steep river/stream beds along hilly slopes. This fact has been overlooked in the models available globally and has been highlighted only in the current work in an attempt to recognize this major research gap. A study carried out on a number of streams globally and in Jammu and Kashmir, India also, has shown that in steep river and stream beds with bed material consisting of gravel size or greater than gravel, large scour holes ranging from 1 m to 5 m were created by furious floods, and due to other unknown forces along the channel path and near foundations of hydraulic structures. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is purely original.Exploring the challenges and solutions for river scour in dynamic environments: a comprehensive review
Muzamil Ahmad Rafiqii, M.A. Lone, M.A. Tantray
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to provide a review for scour in complex rivers and streams with coarser bed material, steep longitudinal bed slopes and dynamic environments, in the interest of the safety and the economy of hydraulic structures. The knowledge of scour in such geographical complexities is very crucial for a comprehensive understanding of scour failures and for establishing definitive criteria to bridge this major research gap.

The existing available literature shows significant work done in case of silt, sand and small sized coarser bed material but any substantial work for bed material of gravel size or above is lacking, resulting in a wide gap. Though some researchers have attempted to explore possibilities of refining the existing models by adding pier size, shape, sediment non-uniformity and armouring effects, which otherwise have been given a miss by the various researchers, including the pioneer in the field Lacey–Inglis (1930). But still, a rational model for scour estimation in such complex conditions for global use is yet to come. This is because all the parameters governing the scour have not been studied properly till date as is evident from the globally available literature and is witnessed in the field too, in recurrent failure of hydraulic structures especially bridges.

The researchers presume that the finer materials move only as a result of erosion. However, in actual field conditions, it has been observed that the large-sized stones also roll down and cause huge erosion along the river bed and damage the hydraulic structures, especially in the steep river/stream beds along hilly slopes. This fact has been overlooked in the models available globally and has been highlighted only in the current work in an attempt to recognize this major research gap. A study carried out on a number of streams globally and in Jammu and Kashmir, India also, has shown that in steep river and stream beds with bed material consisting of gravel size or greater than gravel, large scour holes ranging from 1 m to 5 m were created by furious floods, and due to other unknown forces along the channel path and near foundations of hydraulic structures.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is purely original.

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Exploring the challenges and solutions for river scour in dynamic environments: a comprehensive review10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0113World Journal of Engineering2023-12-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMuzamil Ahmad RafiqiiM.A. LoneM.A. TantrayWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-1210.1108/WJE-04-2023-0113https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0113/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Taguchi and ANN-based optimization method for predicting maximum performance and minimum emission of a VCR diesel engine powered by diesel, biodiesel, and producer gashttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0116/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe study aims to determine the the optimal value of output parameters of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine are investigated at different loads, CR and fuel modes of operation experimentally. The output parameters of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine are investigated at different loads, CR and fuel modes of operation experimentally. The performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), whereas CO emission, HC emission, CO2 emission, NOx emission, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and opacity are the emission parameters measured during the test. Tests are conducted for 2, 6 and 10 kg of load, 16.5 and 17.5 of CR. In this investigation, the first engine was fueled with 100% diesel and 100% Calophyllum inophyllum oil in single-fuel mode. Then Calophyllum inophyllum oil with producer gas was fed to the engine. Calophyllum inophyllum oil offers lower BTE, CO and HC emissions, opacity and higher EGT, BSEC, CO2 emission and NOx emissions compared to diesel fuel in both fuel modes of operation observed. The performance optimization using the Taguchi approach is carried out to determine the optimal input parameters for maximum performance and minimum emissions for the test engine. The optimized value of the input parameters is then fed into the prediction techniques, such as the artificial neural network (ANN). From multiple response optimization, the minimum emissions of 0.58% of CO, 42% of HC, 191 ppm NOx and maximum BTE of 21.56% for 16.5 CR, 10 kg load and dual fuel mode of operation are determined. Based on generated errors, the ANN is also ranked for precision. The proposed ANN model provides better prediction with minimum experimental data sets. The values of the R2 correlation coefficient are 1, 0.95552, 0.94367 and 0.97789 for training, validation, testing and all, respectively. The said biodiesel may be used as a substitute for conventional diesel fuel. The blend of Calophyllum inophyllum oil-producer gas is used to run the diesel engine. Performance and emission analysis has been carried out, compared, optimized and validated.Taguchi and ANN-based optimization method for predicting maximum performance and minimum emission of a VCR diesel engine powered by diesel, biodiesel, and producer gas
Taraprasad Mohapatra, Sudhansu Sekhar Mishra, Mukesh Bathre, Sudhansu Sekhar Sahoo
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The study aims to determine the the optimal value of output parameters of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine are investigated at different loads, CR and fuel modes of operation experimentally. The output parameters of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine are investigated at different loads, CR and fuel modes of operation experimentally. The performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), whereas CO emission, HC emission, CO2 emission, NOx emission, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and opacity are the emission parameters measured during the test. Tests are conducted for 2, 6 and 10 kg of load, 16.5 and 17.5 of CR.

In this investigation, the first engine was fueled with 100% diesel and 100% Calophyllum inophyllum oil in single-fuel mode. Then Calophyllum inophyllum oil with producer gas was fed to the engine. Calophyllum inophyllum oil offers lower BTE, CO and HC emissions, opacity and higher EGT, BSEC, CO2 emission and NOx emissions compared to diesel fuel in both fuel modes of operation observed. The performance optimization using the Taguchi approach is carried out to determine the optimal input parameters for maximum performance and minimum emissions for the test engine. The optimized value of the input parameters is then fed into the prediction techniques, such as the artificial neural network (ANN).

From multiple response optimization, the minimum emissions of 0.58% of CO, 42% of HC, 191 ppm NOx and maximum BTE of 21.56% for 16.5 CR, 10 kg load and dual fuel mode of operation are determined. Based on generated errors, the ANN is also ranked for precision. The proposed ANN model provides better prediction with minimum experimental data sets. The values of the R2 correlation coefficient are 1, 0.95552, 0.94367 and 0.97789 for training, validation, testing and all, respectively. The said biodiesel may be used as a substitute for conventional diesel fuel.

The blend of Calophyllum inophyllum oil-producer gas is used to run the diesel engine. Performance and emission analysis has been carried out, compared, optimized and validated.

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Taguchi and ANN-based optimization method for predicting maximum performance and minimum emission of a VCR diesel engine powered by diesel, biodiesel, and producer gas10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0116World Journal of Engineering2023-08-16© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedTaraprasad MohapatraSudhansu Sekhar MishraMukesh BathreSudhansu Sekhar SahooWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-1610.1108/WJE-04-2023-0116https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-04-2023-0116/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Experimental and numerical investigation of preloaded recycled concrete beams strengthened with CFRPhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0134/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe use of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete structures promotes environmental sustainability; however, performance of these structures might be negatively impacted when it is used as a replacement to traditional aggregate. This paper aims to simulate recycled concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), to advance the modeling and use of recycled concrete structures. To investigate the performance of beams with recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCAC), finite element models (FEMs) were developed to simulate 12 preloaded RCAC beams, strengthened with two CFRP strengthening schemes. Details of the modeling are provided including the material models, boundary conditions, applied loads, analysis solver, mesh analysis and computational efficiency. Using FEM, a parametric study was carried out to assess the influence of CFRP thickness on the strengthening efficiency. The FEM provided results in good agreement with those from the experiments with differences and standard deviation not exceeding 11.1% and 3.1%, respectively. It was found that increasing the CFRP laminate thickness improved the load-carrying capacity of the strengthened beams. The developed models simulate the preloading and loading up to failure with/without CFRP strengthening for the investigated beams. Moreover, the models were validated against the experimental results of 12 beams in terms of crack pattern as well as load, deflection and strain.Experimental and numerical investigation of preloaded recycled concrete beams strengthened with CFRP
Yasser M. Mater, Ahmed A. Elansary, Hany A. Abdalla
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The use of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete structures promotes environmental sustainability; however, performance of these structures might be negatively impacted when it is used as a replacement to traditional aggregate. This paper aims to simulate recycled concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), to advance the modeling and use of recycled concrete structures.

To investigate the performance of beams with recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCAC), finite element models (FEMs) were developed to simulate 12 preloaded RCAC beams, strengthened with two CFRP strengthening schemes. Details of the modeling are provided including the material models, boundary conditions, applied loads, analysis solver, mesh analysis and computational efficiency.

Using FEM, a parametric study was carried out to assess the influence of CFRP thickness on the strengthening efficiency. The FEM provided results in good agreement with those from the experiments with differences and standard deviation not exceeding 11.1% and 3.1%, respectively. It was found that increasing the CFRP laminate thickness improved the load-carrying capacity of the strengthened beams.

The developed models simulate the preloading and loading up to failure with/without CFRP strengthening for the investigated beams. Moreover, the models were validated against the experimental results of 12 beams in terms of crack pattern as well as load, deflection and strain.

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Experimental and numerical investigation of preloaded recycled concrete beams strengthened with CFRP10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0134World Journal of Engineering2024-02-29© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedYasser M. MaterAhmed A. ElansaryHany A. AbdallaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2910.1108/WJE-05-2023-0134https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0134/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of textile-reinforced concrete: effect of reinforcement type and dune sand additionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0139/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTo contribute to the identification of the parameters influencing the behavior of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), the purpose of this paper is to investigate the flexural behavior of TRC-based plates under four-point bending notably designed in the context of sustainable development and the substitution of mortar components with natural and abundant materials. An extensive experimental campaign was focused about two main parameters. The first one emphases the textile reinforcements, such as the number of layers, the nature and the textile mesh size. In the second step, the composition of the mortar matrix was explored through the use of dune sand as a substitute of the river one. Test results in terms of load-displacement response and failure patterns were highlighted, discussed and confronted to literature ones. As key findings, an increase of the load-bearing capacity and ductility, comparable to the use of an industrially produced second textile layer was recorded with the use of dune sand in the mortar mix design. The designed ecofriendly samples with economic concerns denote the significance of obtained outcomes in this research study. The novelty of the present work was to valorize the use of natural dune sand to design new TRC samples to respond to the environmental and economical requirements. The obtained values provide an improved textiles–matrix interface performance compared to classical TRC samples issued from the literature.Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of textile-reinforced concrete: effect of reinforcement type and dune sand addition
Fatma Bouzeboudja, Abdelmadjid Si Salem
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

To contribute to the identification of the parameters influencing the behavior of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), the purpose of this paper is to investigate the flexural behavior of TRC-based plates under four-point bending notably designed in the context of sustainable development and the substitution of mortar components with natural and abundant materials.

An extensive experimental campaign was focused about two main parameters. The first one emphases the textile reinforcements, such as the number of layers, the nature and the textile mesh size. In the second step, the composition of the mortar matrix was explored through the use of dune sand as a substitute of the river one.

Test results in terms of load-displacement response and failure patterns were highlighted, discussed and confronted to literature ones. As key findings, an increase of the load-bearing capacity and ductility, comparable to the use of an industrially produced second textile layer was recorded with the use of dune sand in the mortar mix design. The designed ecofriendly samples with economic concerns denote the significance of obtained outcomes in this research study.

The novelty of the present work was to valorize the use of natural dune sand to design new TRC samples to respond to the environmental and economical requirements. The obtained values provide an improved textiles–matrix interface performance compared to classical TRC samples issued from the literature.

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Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of textile-reinforced concrete: effect of reinforcement type and dune sand addition10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0139World Journal of Engineering2023-12-07© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedFatma BouzeboudjaAbdelmadjid Si SalemWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-0710.1108/WJE-05-2023-0139https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0139/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Comparative analysis approaches for steel portal frame design in industrial buildingshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0142/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to further investigate the potential benefits brought about by the development of modern technology in the steel construction industry. Specifically, the study focuses on the optimization of tapered members for pre-engineered steel structures, aligning with Eurocode 3 standards. By emphasizing the effectiveness of material utilization in construction, this research aims to enhance the structural performance and safety of buildings. Moreover, it recognizes the pivotal role played by such advancements in promoting economic growth through the reduction of material waste, optimization of cost-efficiency and support for sustainable construction practices. Structural performance at initial analysis and final analysis of the selected critical frame were carried out using Dlubal RSTAB 8.18. The structural frame stability and sway imperfections were checked based on MS EN1993-1-1:2005 (EC3). To assess the structural stability of the portal frame using MS EN 1993-1-1:2005 (EC3), cross-sectional resistance and member buckling resistance were verified based on Clause 6.2.4 – Compression, Clause 6.2.5 – Bending Moment, Clause 6.2.6 – Shear, Clause 6.2.8 – Bending and Shear, Clause 6.2.9 – Bending and Axial Force and Clause 6.3.4 – General Method for Lateral and Lateral Torsional Buckling of Structural Components. In this study, the cross sections of the web-tapered rafter and column were classified under Class 4. These involved the consideration of elastic shear resistance and effective area on the critical steel sections. The application of the General Method on the verification of the resistance to lateral and lateral torsional buckling for structural components required the extraction of some parameters using structural analysis software. From the results, there was only 5.90% of mass difference compared with the previous case study. By classifying the web-tapered cross sections of the rafter and column under Class 4, the study accounts for important factors such as elastic shear resistance and effective area on critical steel sections.Comparative analysis approaches for steel portal frame design in industrial buildings
Md Azlin Md Said, Fatimah De’nan, Nor Salwani Hashim, Bong Wely, Chuah Hoi Ching
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to further investigate the potential benefits brought about by the development of modern technology in the steel construction industry. Specifically, the study focuses on the optimization of tapered members for pre-engineered steel structures, aligning with Eurocode 3 standards. By emphasizing the effectiveness of material utilization in construction, this research aims to enhance the structural performance and safety of buildings. Moreover, it recognizes the pivotal role played by such advancements in promoting economic growth through the reduction of material waste, optimization of cost-efficiency and support for sustainable construction practices.

Structural performance at initial analysis and final analysis of the selected critical frame were carried out using Dlubal RSTAB 8.18. The structural frame stability and sway imperfections were checked based on MS EN1993-1-1:2005 (EC3). To assess the structural stability of the portal frame using MS EN 1993-1-1:2005 (EC3), cross-sectional resistance and member buckling resistance were verified based on Clause 6.2.4 – Compression, Clause 6.2.5 – Bending Moment, Clause 6.2.6 – Shear, Clause 6.2.8 – Bending and Shear, Clause 6.2.9 – Bending and Axial Force and Clause 6.3.4 – General Method for Lateral and Lateral Torsional Buckling of Structural Components.

In this study, the cross sections of the web-tapered rafter and column were classified under Class 4. These involved the consideration of elastic shear resistance and effective area on the critical steel sections. The application of the General Method on the verification of the resistance to lateral and lateral torsional buckling for structural components required the extraction of some parameters using structural analysis software. From the results, there was only 5.90% of mass difference compared with the previous case study.

By classifying the web-tapered cross sections of the rafter and column under Class 4, the study accounts for important factors such as elastic shear resistance and effective area on critical steel sections.

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Comparative analysis approaches for steel portal frame design in industrial buildings10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0142World Journal of Engineering2023-08-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMd Azlin Md SaidFatimah De’nanNor Salwani HashimBong WelyChuah Hoi ChingWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-1010.1108/WJE-05-2023-0142https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-05-2023-0142/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Lateral torsional buckling behaviour of tapered steel section with web opening – finite element analysishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0260/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRecently, this steel section has found increasing popularity in residential, industrial and commercial buildings with their high load-carrying capacity due to the nature of high strength to weight ratio properties. However, the rise on the price of steel section should be more emphasized; therefore, the optimization in steel section design is needed to overcome the issue of material cost. As such, tapered steel sections save on material use, while the introduction of web openings allows the placement of mechanical and electrical services, plumbing and also aesthetic design considerations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the lateral torsional buckling behavior of a tapered steel section with an ellipse-shaped opening by analyzing its structural parameters. To achieve this, the finite element analysis (FEA) of the section is modeled using LUSAS software, which allows for a detailed analysis of the section's behavior under varying loads and conditions. It involves the variation in web opening size, opening layout, opening rotation angle and the tapering ratio. Eigenvalue buckling analysis is adopted to know the parametric effects of each 108 model. The size of opening varies from 0.2 to 0.5 d of the total depth where the opening located. There are three type of layouts applied in this study, which are the layouts A, B and C. There are three types of rotation angles for the ellipse-shaped opening, including the non-rotated vertical opening and two additional types formed by rotating the opening 45 degrees clockwise and counterclockwise around the center-point of the ellipse. A fixed-free boundary condition was applied, resulting in a simulation of a cantilever beam. The models are fixed at one end with a larger depth, and free at the other end with a smaller depth. Loading condition is an application of 10 kN/m uniform distributed load in the direction of gravity along the mid-span of the top flange. It is observed that the model 82 with Layout A, tapering ratio 0.3, opening size 0.5 d and opening rotated in 45 degree anti-clockwise direction results in the highest structural efficiency among the 108 models. Therefore, the buckling moment of model 82 is 1,013.08 kNm with structural efficiency of 481.26, which shows an increase of 3.17% compared to the controlled model. The FEA results shows a significant increase in ductility and stiffness of the tapered steel section with elipse shape opening and consequently changes in the behaviour of yield point.Lateral torsional buckling behaviour of tapered steel section with web opening – finite element analysis
Fatimah De’nan, Nor Salwani Hashim, Ngo Siew Ting
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Recently, this steel section has found increasing popularity in residential, industrial and commercial buildings with their high load-carrying capacity due to the nature of high strength to weight ratio properties. However, the rise on the price of steel section should be more emphasized; therefore, the optimization in steel section design is needed to overcome the issue of material cost. As such, tapered steel sections save on material use, while the introduction of web openings allows the placement of mechanical and electrical services, plumbing and also aesthetic design considerations.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the lateral torsional buckling behavior of a tapered steel section with an ellipse-shaped opening by analyzing its structural parameters. To achieve this, the finite element analysis (FEA) of the section is modeled using LUSAS software, which allows for a detailed analysis of the section's behavior under varying loads and conditions. It involves the variation in web opening size, opening layout, opening rotation angle and the tapering ratio. Eigenvalue buckling analysis is adopted to know the parametric effects of each 108 model. The size of opening varies from 0.2 to 0.5 d of the total depth where the opening located. There are three type of layouts applied in this study, which are the layouts A, B and C. There are three types of rotation angles for the ellipse-shaped opening, including the non-rotated vertical opening and two additional types formed by rotating the opening 45 degrees clockwise and counterclockwise around the center-point of the ellipse. A fixed-free boundary condition was applied, resulting in a simulation of a cantilever beam. The models are fixed at one end with a larger depth, and free at the other end with a smaller depth. Loading condition is an application of 10 kN/m uniform distributed load in the direction of gravity along the mid-span of the top flange.

It is observed that the model 82 with Layout A, tapering ratio 0.3, opening size 0.5 d and opening rotated in 45 degree anti-clockwise direction results in the highest structural efficiency among the 108 models. Therefore, the buckling moment of model 82 is 1,013.08 kNm with structural efficiency of 481.26, which shows an increase of 3.17% compared to the controlled model.

The FEA results shows a significant increase in ductility and stiffness of the tapered steel section with elipse shape opening and consequently changes in the behaviour of yield point.

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Lateral torsional buckling behaviour of tapered steel section with web opening – finite element analysis10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0260World Journal of Engineering2023-04-28© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedFatimah De’nanNor Salwani HashimNgo Siew TingWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-2810.1108/WJE-06-2022-0260https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2022-0260/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Impact of reinforcement proportions on mechanical properties and micro-structure of modified AlO-LM6 cast composites synthesize at self-pouring temperature: optimization through mixture design of experiment (DoE)https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0156/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the impact of varying proportions of reinforcement on the mechanical properties of a modified Al2O3-LM6 cast composite under self-pouring temperature conditions. This study aims to determine the optimal mixture proportion of fine powders of Al, Si and xAl2O3 (with x values of 2%, 3% and 4%) through the application of design of experiment (DoE) and statistical analysis using the Minitab software. This study also involved evaluating the microstructural estimation and other physical properties of the cast composite to understand the combined effect of the reinforcement proportion on the material’s properties. The researchers initially mixed the powders through ball milling and then compacted the moisture-free powder mix in a closed steel die. The resulting preforms were heated at the self-pouring temperature in an inert environment to fabricate the final cast composite. By applying DoE and performing an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the researchers sought to optimize the mixture proportion that would yield the best mechanical properties. The experimental results indicated that a mixture combination of 83.5% Al blended with 12.5% Si and 4% Al2O3 led to the greatest improvement in mechanical properties, specifically in terms of increased density, hardness and impact strength. The ANOVA further supported the interaction effect of each processing parameter on the observed results. The results of this study offer valuable insights for the fabrication of modified Al2O3-LM6 cast composites under self-pouring temperature conditions. The identified optimal mixture proportion provides guidance for manufacturing processes and material selection to achieve improved mechanical properties in similar applications. This study focuses on a specific composite material consisting of modified Al2O3 and LM6. Although Al2O3 and LM6 have been studied individually in various contexts, the combination of these materials and their impact on mechanical properties under self-pouring temperature conditions is a novel aspect of this research. The researchers use DoE methodology, along with statistical analysis using Minitab software, to optimize the mixture proportion and analyze the data. This systematic approach allows for a comprehensive exploration of the parameter space and the identification of significant factors that influence the mechanical properties of the composite.Impact of reinforcement proportions on mechanical properties and micro-structure of modified AlO-LM6 cast composites synthesize at self-pouring temperature: optimization through mixture design of experiment (DoE)
Devendra Pratap Singh, Vijay Kumar Dwivedi, Mayank Agarwal
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the impact of varying proportions of reinforcement on the mechanical properties of a modified Al2O3-LM6 cast composite under self-pouring temperature conditions. This study aims to determine the optimal mixture proportion of fine powders of Al, Si and xAl2O3 (with x values of 2%, 3% and 4%) through the application of design of experiment (DoE) and statistical analysis using the Minitab software. This study also involved evaluating the microstructural estimation and other physical properties of the cast composite to understand the combined effect of the reinforcement proportion on the material’s properties.

The researchers initially mixed the powders through ball milling and then compacted the moisture-free powder mix in a closed steel die. The resulting preforms were heated at the self-pouring temperature in an inert environment to fabricate the final cast composite. By applying DoE and performing an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the researchers sought to optimize the mixture proportion that would yield the best mechanical properties.

The experimental results indicated that a mixture combination of 83.5% Al blended with 12.5% Si and 4% Al2O3 led to the greatest improvement in mechanical properties, specifically in terms of increased density, hardness and impact strength. The ANOVA further supported the interaction effect of each processing parameter on the observed results. The results of this study offer valuable insights for the fabrication of modified Al2O3-LM6 cast composites under self-pouring temperature conditions. The identified optimal mixture proportion provides guidance for manufacturing processes and material selection to achieve improved mechanical properties in similar applications.

This study focuses on a specific composite material consisting of modified Al2O3 and LM6. Although Al2O3 and LM6 have been studied individually in various contexts, the combination of these materials and their impact on mechanical properties under self-pouring temperature conditions is a novel aspect of this research. The researchers use DoE methodology, along with statistical analysis using Minitab software, to optimize the mixture proportion and analyze the data. This systematic approach allows for a comprehensive exploration of the parameter space and the identification of significant factors that influence the mechanical properties of the composite.

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Impact of reinforcement proportions on mechanical properties and micro-structure of modified AlO-LM6 cast composites synthesize at self-pouring temperature: optimization through mixture design of experiment (DoE)10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0156World Journal of Engineering2023-11-29© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedDevendra Pratap SinghVijay Kumar DwivediMayank AgarwalWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2910.1108/WJE-06-2023-0156https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0156/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Stability response assessment of steel thin-walled open-top tanks subjected to local support edge settlementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0165/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestVertical cylindrical welded steel tanks are typical thin-walled structures that are very susceptible to buckling under settlement. The major concern in the design of these thin-walled structures is buckling failure. On this basis and by considering the findings of the previously reported research works, the stability performance of open-top steel tanks with various industrial applications under local support edge settlement is further investigated in this paper. This study aims to contribute to the current state-of-the-art in the design and retrofit of such thin-walled structures. The buckling behaviors of numerous cylindrical shell models with various height-to-radius, radius-to-thickness and settlement span ratios are investigated through linear and nonlinear buckling analyses. The effects of addition of a top stiffening ring on the buckling behavior of cylindrical steel tanks are studied as well. This parametric study demonstrates that the choice of the height-to-radius, radius-to-thickness and settlement span ratios as well as addition of the top stiffening ring can be quite effective on the stiffness and strength performances, deformations and stress distribution as well as intensity of vertical cylindrical welded steel tanks subjected to local support edge settlement. This research endeavor was formulated on the basis of a comprehensive literature survey and demonstrates the relationship between geometrical as well as stiffening features and buckling stability performance of open-top tanks subjected to local support edge settlement and also provides practical recommendations for design and retrofit purposes.Stability response assessment of steel thin-walled open-top tanks subjected to local support edge settlement
Hamid Naseri, Tadeh Zirakian, Hossein Showkati
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Vertical cylindrical welded steel tanks are typical thin-walled structures that are very susceptible to buckling under settlement. The major concern in the design of these thin-walled structures is buckling failure. On this basis and by considering the findings of the previously reported research works, the stability performance of open-top steel tanks with various industrial applications under local support edge settlement is further investigated in this paper. This study aims to contribute to the current state-of-the-art in the design and retrofit of such thin-walled structures.

The buckling behaviors of numerous cylindrical shell models with various height-to-radius, radius-to-thickness and settlement span ratios are investigated through linear and nonlinear buckling analyses. The effects of addition of a top stiffening ring on the buckling behavior of cylindrical steel tanks are studied as well.

This parametric study demonstrates that the choice of the height-to-radius, radius-to-thickness and settlement span ratios as well as addition of the top stiffening ring can be quite effective on the stiffness and strength performances, deformations and stress distribution as well as intensity of vertical cylindrical welded steel tanks subjected to local support edge settlement.

This research endeavor was formulated on the basis of a comprehensive literature survey and demonstrates the relationship between geometrical as well as stiffening features and buckling stability performance of open-top tanks subjected to local support edge settlement and also provides practical recommendations for design and retrofit purposes.

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Stability response assessment of steel thin-walled open-top tanks subjected to local support edge settlement10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0165World Journal of Engineering2023-12-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedHamid NaseriTadeh ZirakianHossein ShowkatiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-1210.1108/WJE-06-2023-0165https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0165/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Stand-alone PV-SOFC-battery power system based on ANFIS controller for electric vehicle charginghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0219/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to offer a hybrid stand-alone system for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations (CS), an emerging power scheme due to the availability of renewable and environment-friendly energy sources. This paper presents the analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a battery storage scheme incorporated for EV CS in a stand-alone mode. In previous studies, either the hydrogen fuel of SOFC or the irradiance is controlled using artificial neural network. These parameters are not controlled simultaneously using an ANFIS-based approach. The ANFIS-based stand-alone hybrid system controlling both the fuel flow of SOFC and the irradiance of PV is discussed in this paper. The ANFIS algorithm provides an efficient estimation of maximum power (MP) to the nonlinear voltage–current characteristics of a PV, integrated with a direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converter to boost output voltage up to 400 V. The issue of fuel starvation in SOFC due to load transients is also mitigated using an ANFIS-based fuel flow regulator, which robustly provides fuel, i.e. hydrogen per necessity. Furthermore, to ensure uninterrupted power to the CS, PV is integrated with a SOFC array, and a battery storage bank is used as a backup in the current scenario. A power management system efficiently shares power among the aforesaid sources. A comprehensive simulation test bed for a stand-alone power system (PV cells and SOFC) is developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The adaptability and robustness of the proposed control paradigm are investigated through simulation results in a stand-alone hybrid power system test bed. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the ANFIS algorithm in a stand-alone hybrid power system scheme.Stand-alone PV-SOFC-battery power system based on ANFIS controller for electric vehicle charging
Naseer Khan, Zeeshan Gohar, Faisal Khan, Faisal Mehmood
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to offer a hybrid stand-alone system for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations (CS), an emerging power scheme due to the availability of renewable and environment-friendly energy sources. This paper presents the analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a battery storage scheme incorporated for EV CS in a stand-alone mode. In previous studies, either the hydrogen fuel of SOFC or the irradiance is controlled using artificial neural network. These parameters are not controlled simultaneously using an ANFIS-based approach. The ANFIS-based stand-alone hybrid system controlling both the fuel flow of SOFC and the irradiance of PV is discussed in this paper.

The ANFIS algorithm provides an efficient estimation of maximum power (MP) to the nonlinear voltage–current characteristics of a PV, integrated with a direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converter to boost output voltage up to 400 V. The issue of fuel starvation in SOFC due to load transients is also mitigated using an ANFIS-based fuel flow regulator, which robustly provides fuel, i.e. hydrogen per necessity. Furthermore, to ensure uninterrupted power to the CS, PV is integrated with a SOFC array, and a battery storage bank is used as a backup in the current scenario. A power management system efficiently shares power among the aforesaid sources.

A comprehensive simulation test bed for a stand-alone power system (PV cells and SOFC) is developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The adaptability and robustness of the proposed control paradigm are investigated through simulation results in a stand-alone hybrid power system test bed.

The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the ANFIS algorithm in a stand-alone hybrid power system scheme.

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Stand-alone PV-SOFC-battery power system based on ANFIS controller for electric vehicle charging10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0219World Journal of Engineering2024-03-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedNaseer KhanZeeshan GoharFaisal KhanFaisal MehmoodWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1910.1108/WJE-06-2023-0219https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0219/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effectiveness of a tubular heat exchanger and a novel perforated rectangular flow-deflector type baffle plate with opposing orientationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0233/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this experimental research was to examine a novel axial heat exchanger featuring swirling air movement over heated tubes. This apparatus is designed with perforated circular baffle plates complemented by rectangular air deflectors operating at different inclination angles. The tubes were arranged in a consistent layout parallel to the longitudinal airflow. The deflector’s heightened air-side turbulence initiates the frenzied motion, escalating the surface heat transfer rate. The tubes maintained a constant heat flux condition over the surface. In each baffle plate, eight deflectors with identical inclination angles were devised in a reverse position, forming a rotation of air inside a circular duct that held tubes (carrying hot water) which elevated air-side turbulence, thereby enhancing the rate of heat transference on the surface. The baffle plates were equally situated from each other at changing pitch ratios. The Reynolds quantity was preserved in the scope of 16,000–30,000. The performance of the heat exchanger considering pitch ratios and inclination angles was examined. The research indicates that when examined under similar conditions, an exchanger with a deflector baffle plate shows a strong dependence on the pitch ratio and inclination angle with a mean rise of 0.19 times in thermal enhancement factor at an inclination angle of 30° and a pitch ratio of 1.2 contrasted with an exchanger with segmental baffle plates. The result shows the dependence of pitch ratio, Reynolds number and inclination on the heat transfer and friction factor rate.Effectiveness of a tubular heat exchanger and a novel perforated rectangular flow-deflector type baffle plate with opposing orientation
Md Atiqur Rahman
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this experimental research was to examine a novel axial heat exchanger featuring swirling air movement over heated tubes. This apparatus is designed with perforated circular baffle plates complemented by rectangular air deflectors operating at different inclination angles. The tubes were arranged in a consistent layout parallel to the longitudinal airflow. The deflector’s heightened air-side turbulence initiates the frenzied motion, escalating the surface heat transfer rate.

The tubes maintained a constant heat flux condition over the surface. In each baffle plate, eight deflectors with identical inclination angles were devised in a reverse position, forming a rotation of air inside a circular duct that held tubes (carrying hot water) which elevated air-side turbulence, thereby enhancing the rate of heat transference on the surface. The baffle plates were equally situated from each other at changing pitch ratios. The Reynolds quantity was preserved in the scope of 16,000–30,000. The performance of the heat exchanger considering pitch ratios and inclination angles was examined.

The research indicates that when examined under similar conditions, an exchanger with a deflector baffle plate shows a strong dependence on the pitch ratio and inclination angle with a mean rise of 0.19 times in thermal enhancement factor at an inclination angle of 30° and a pitch ratio of 1.2 contrasted with an exchanger with segmental baffle plates.

The result shows the dependence of pitch ratio, Reynolds number and inclination on the heat transfer and friction factor rate.

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Effectiveness of a tubular heat exchanger and a novel perforated rectangular flow-deflector type baffle plate with opposing orientation10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0233World Journal of Engineering2023-09-27© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMd Atiqur RahmanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-09-2710.1108/WJE-06-2023-0233https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-06-2023-0233/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
A novel hybrid approach GREG-fuzzy-GA for minimizing work piece temperature during 2.5D milling of Inconel625 super alloyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0273/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestMilling is a flexible creation process for the manufacturing of dies and aeronautical parts. While machining thin-walled parts, heat generation during machining essentially affects the accuracy. The workpiece temperature (WT), as well as the responses like material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) for input parameters like cutting speed (CS), feed rate (F), depth-of-cut (DOC), step over (SO) and tool diameter (TD), becomes critical for sustaining the accuracy of the thin walls. Response surface methodology was used to make 46 tests. To convert the multi-character problem into a single-character problem, the weightage was assessed using the entropy approach and the grey relational coefficient (GRC) was determined. To investigate the connection among input parameters and single-objective (GRC), a fuzzy mathematical modelling technique was used. The optimal performance of process parameters was estimated by grey relational entropy grade (GREG)-fuzzy and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. SR was found to be a significant process parameter, with CS, feed and DOC, respectively. Similarly, F, DOC and TD were found to be significant process parameters with MRR, respectively, and F, DOC, SO and TD were found to be significant process parameters with WT, respectively. GREG-fuzzy-GA found more suitable for minimizing the WT with the constraint s of SR and MRR and provide maximum desirability of 0.665. The projected and experimental values have a good agreement, with a standard error of 5.85%, and so the responses predicted by the suggested method are better optimized. The GREG-fuzzy-GA is a new hybrid technique for analysing Inconel625 behaviour during machining in a 2.5D milling process.A novel hybrid approach GREG-fuzzy-GA for minimizing work piece temperature during 2.5D milling of Inconel625 super alloy
Satish Kumar, Arun Gupta, Anish Kumar, Pankaj Chandna, Gian Bhushan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Milling is a flexible creation process for the manufacturing of dies and aeronautical parts. While machining thin-walled parts, heat generation during machining essentially affects the accuracy. The workpiece temperature (WT), as well as the responses like material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) for input parameters like cutting speed (CS), feed rate (F), depth-of-cut (DOC), step over (SO) and tool diameter (TD), becomes critical for sustaining the accuracy of the thin walls.

Response surface methodology was used to make 46 tests. To convert the multi-character problem into a single-character problem, the weightage was assessed using the entropy approach and the grey relational coefficient (GRC) was determined. To investigate the connection among input parameters and single-objective (GRC), a fuzzy mathematical modelling technique was used. The optimal performance of process parameters was estimated by grey relational entropy grade (GREG)-fuzzy and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization.

SR was found to be a significant process parameter, with CS, feed and DOC, respectively. Similarly, F, DOC and TD were found to be significant process parameters with MRR, respectively, and F, DOC, SO and TD were found to be significant process parameters with WT, respectively. GREG-fuzzy-GA found more suitable for minimizing the WT with the constraint s of SR and MRR and provide maximum desirability of 0.665. The projected and experimental values have a good agreement, with a standard error of 5.85%, and so the responses predicted by the suggested method are better optimized.

The GREG-fuzzy-GA is a new hybrid technique for analysing Inconel625 behaviour during machining in a 2.5D milling process.

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A novel hybrid approach GREG-fuzzy-GA for minimizing work piece temperature during 2.5D milling of Inconel625 super alloy10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0273World Journal of Engineering2023-06-01© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSatish KumarArun GuptaAnish KumarPankaj ChandnaGian BhushanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-0110.1108/WJE-07-2022-0273https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0273/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The novel algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) to eliminate sub and inter harmonics (SIH) in load currenthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0278/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to propose a unique algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) for induction motor using a single-phase voltage source inverter (SPVSI) to eliminate both sub and inter harmonics (SIH) and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the load current also reduces in comparison to standard HCCT and modified technique-based existing HCCT. Matlab simulation has been carried out to develop an SPVSI model and the unique algorithm-based HCCT. The same platform has also been used to develop a few existing HCCTs such as standard, dual-band and modified. The switching frequency and harmonic analysis of load currents for all the HCCTs have been compared in the paper. The hardware implementation of the proposed algorithm-based HCCT was also verified and compared with the simulation results. The proposed unique algorithm-based HCCT provides the benefits of both unipolar and bipolar switching techniques. It reduces the switching frequency as unipolar switching scheme and eliminates the EMI. It also reduces THD and nullifies SIH of the load current. This enables an improvement in the overall performance and efficiency of the motor. This proposed HCCT eliminates the SIH and improves the overall efficiency of the motor, hence can prevent overheating, vibration, acoustic noise, pulsating torque and braking of the rotor shaft of the motor and increasing the reliability of the system. It can be implemented for the motors that are used in household applications and electric vehicles through one-phase inverter. This proposed HCCT has detected the zero crossing point of reference current, allowed samples and shifted the necessary amount of hysteresis band at zero crossing region to eliminate SIH and THD.The novel algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) to eliminate sub and inter harmonics (SIH) in load current
Tapas Kumar Mohapatra, Asim Kumar Dey
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to propose a unique algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) for induction motor using a single-phase voltage source inverter (SPVSI) to eliminate both sub and inter harmonics (SIH) and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the load current also reduces in comparison to standard HCCT and modified technique-based existing HCCT.

Matlab simulation has been carried out to develop an SPVSI model and the unique algorithm-based HCCT. The same platform has also been used to develop a few existing HCCTs such as standard, dual-band and modified. The switching frequency and harmonic analysis of load currents for all the HCCTs have been compared in the paper. The hardware implementation of the proposed algorithm-based HCCT was also verified and compared with the simulation results.

The proposed unique algorithm-based HCCT provides the benefits of both unipolar and bipolar switching techniques. It reduces the switching frequency as unipolar switching scheme and eliminates the EMI. It also reduces THD and nullifies SIH of the load current. This enables an improvement in the overall performance and efficiency of the motor.

This proposed HCCT eliminates the SIH and improves the overall efficiency of the motor, hence can prevent overheating, vibration, acoustic noise, pulsating torque and braking of the rotor shaft of the motor and increasing the reliability of the system.

It can be implemented for the motors that are used in household applications and electric vehicles through one-phase inverter.

This proposed HCCT has detected the zero crossing point of reference current, allowed samples and shifted the necessary amount of hysteresis band at zero crossing region to eliminate SIH and THD.

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The novel algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) to eliminate sub and inter harmonics (SIH) in load current10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0278World Journal of Engineering2023-03-31© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedTapas Kumar MohapatraAsim Kumar DeyWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-03-3110.1108/WJE-07-2022-0278https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0278/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modeling, testing and validation of the vibrational behavior of a dynamometric test rig for railway braking systemshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0298/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this work is to optimize the monitoring of vibrations on dynamometric test rigs for railway brakes. This is a quite demanding application considering the continuous increase of performances of high-speed trains that involve higher testing specifications for brake pads and disks. In this work, authors propose a mixed approach in which relatively simple finite element models are used to support the optimization of a diagnostic system that is used to monitor vibration levels and rotor-dynamical behavior of the machine. The model is calibrated with experimental data recorded on the same rig that must be identified and monitored. The whole process is optimized to not interfere with normal operations of the rig, using common inertial sensor and tools and are available as standard instrumentation for this kind of applications. So at the end all the calibration activities can be performed normally without interrupting the activities of the rig introducing additional costs due to system unavailability. Proposed approach was able to identify in a very simple and fast way the vibrational behavior of the investigated rig, also giving precious information concerning the anisotropic behavior of supports and their damping. All these data are quite difficult to be found in technical literature because they are quite sensitive to assembly tolerances and to many other factors. Dynamometric test rigs are an important application widely diffused for both road and rail vehicles. Also proposed procedure can be easily extended and generalized to a wide value of machine with horizontal rotors. Most of the studies in literature are referred to electrical motors or turbomachines operating with relatively slow transients and constant inertial properties. For investigated machines both these conditions are not verified, making the proposed application quite unusual and original with respect to current application. At the same time, there is a wide variety of special machines that are usually marginally covered by standard testing methodologies to which the proposed approach can be successfully extended.Modeling, testing and validation of the vibrational behavior of a dynamometric test rig for railway braking systems
Luca Pugi, Giulio Rosano, Riccardo Viviani, Leonardo Cabrucci, Luca Bocciolini
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this work is to optimize the monitoring of vibrations on dynamometric test rigs for railway brakes. This is a quite demanding application considering the continuous increase of performances of high-speed trains that involve higher testing specifications for brake pads and disks.

In this work, authors propose a mixed approach in which relatively simple finite element models are used to support the optimization of a diagnostic system that is used to monitor vibration levels and rotor-dynamical behavior of the machine. The model is calibrated with experimental data recorded on the same rig that must be identified and monitored. The whole process is optimized to not interfere with normal operations of the rig, using common inertial sensor and tools and are available as standard instrumentation for this kind of applications. So at the end all the calibration activities can be performed normally without interrupting the activities of the rig introducing additional costs due to system unavailability.

Proposed approach was able to identify in a very simple and fast way the vibrational behavior of the investigated rig, also giving precious information concerning the anisotropic behavior of supports and their damping. All these data are quite difficult to be found in technical literature because they are quite sensitive to assembly tolerances and to many other factors. Dynamometric test rigs are an important application widely diffused for both road and rail vehicles. Also proposed procedure can be easily extended and generalized to a wide value of machine with horizontal rotors.

Most of the studies in literature are referred to electrical motors or turbomachines operating with relatively slow transients and constant inertial properties. For investigated machines both these conditions are not verified, making the proposed application quite unusual and original with respect to current application. At the same time, there is a wide variety of special machines that are usually marginally covered by standard testing methodologies to which the proposed approach can be successfully extended.

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Modeling, testing and validation of the vibrational behavior of a dynamometric test rig for railway braking systems10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0298World Journal of Engineering2023-02-17© 2023 Luca Pugi, Giulio Rosano, Riccardo Viviani, Leonardo Cabrucci and Luca Bocciolini.Luca PugiGiulio RosanoRiccardo VivianiLeonardo CabrucciLuca BoccioliniWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-02-1710.1108/WJE-07-2022-0298https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0298/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Luca Pugi, Giulio Rosano, Riccardo Viviani, Leonardo Cabrucci and Luca Bocciolini.http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Frequency-domain preliminary assessment of coupled site and SSI effects according to the Algerian seismic provisionshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0313/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSeveral studies were made on paired site and soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects, but most of them were site specific. This paper aims to investigate the impact of SSI effects in conjunction with local soil condition effects on the seismic response of typical multistory low- to mid-rise–reinforced concrete (RC) buildings resting on Algerian regulatory design sites through a global explicit transfer function (TF). A preliminary quantification of SSI effects associated with site effects is carried out through a frequency-domain solution based on the concept of rock-to-soil surface displacement TF performed for each design site category. It results from the combination of the TFs of structure, foundation and soil and reflects how seismic waves are amplified due to changes in the geological contrast between the rock and overlying soil deposits. As well, response modification factors, denoting displacement ratios of the building responses within the flexible and site-structure conditions with respect to the fixed-base one, are carried out. In the context of Algerian seismic regulation, the study provides a clear vision of how and when site or SSI effects are expected to be influential, as opposed to the fixed-base hypothesis still retained by the current regulation. This helps engineers to be aware of the extent of the expected seismic damage. The research applies to low- to mid-rise RC buildings within the Algerian seismic regulation, but it may also be expanded to other examples that fall under other seismic regulations. The response modification ratio is a quantitative approach to assessing response fluctuations. It draws attention to how the roof level drift varies depending on the condition. These results can be used as numerical parameters in structural seismic design when the structure is comparable because they provide useful information about how the two phenomena interact with the structure. The study goes beyond particular situations dealing with site specific and offers effective indicators and quantitative evaluation of combined site and SSI effects according to the current national seismic provisions, where no indication about site or SSI effects exists.Frequency-domain preliminary assessment of coupled site and SSI effects according to the Algerian seismic provisions
Mohamed Beneldjouzi, Mohamed Hadid, Nasser Laouami
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Several studies were made on paired site and soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects, but most of them were site specific. This paper aims to investigate the impact of SSI effects in conjunction with local soil condition effects on the seismic response of typical multistory low- to mid-rise–reinforced concrete (RC) buildings resting on Algerian regulatory design sites through a global explicit transfer function (TF).

A preliminary quantification of SSI effects associated with site effects is carried out through a frequency-domain solution based on the concept of rock-to-soil surface displacement TF performed for each design site category. It results from the combination of the TFs of structure, foundation and soil and reflects how seismic waves are amplified due to changes in the geological contrast between the rock and overlying soil deposits. As well, response modification factors, denoting displacement ratios of the building responses within the flexible and site-structure conditions with respect to the fixed-base one, are carried out.

In the context of Algerian seismic regulation, the study provides a clear vision of how and when site or SSI effects are expected to be influential, as opposed to the fixed-base hypothesis still retained by the current regulation. This helps engineers to be aware of the extent of the expected seismic damage.

The research applies to low- to mid-rise RC buildings within the Algerian seismic regulation, but it may also be expanded to other examples that fall under other seismic regulations.

The response modification ratio is a quantitative approach to assessing response fluctuations. It draws attention to how the roof level drift varies depending on the condition. These results can be used as numerical parameters in structural seismic design when the structure is comparable because they provide useful information about how the two phenomena interact with the structure.

The study goes beyond particular situations dealing with site specific and offers effective indicators and quantitative evaluation of combined site and SSI effects according to the current national seismic provisions, where no indication about site or SSI effects exists.

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Frequency-domain preliminary assessment of coupled site and SSI effects according to the Algerian seismic provisions10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0313World Journal of Engineering2023-04-28© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohamed BeneldjouziMohamed HadidNasser LaouamiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-2810.1108/WJE-07-2022-0313https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2022-0313/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Low speed impact on sandwich beam with flexible core and face sheets reinforced with FG-CNTshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0236/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to model the theory of the low-velocity impact (LVI) process on sandwich beams consisting of flexible cores and face sheets reinforced with functionally graded carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A series of parameters derived from molecular dynamics are used to consider the size scale in the mixture rule for the combination of CNTs and resin. A procedure involving the use of the first-order shear deformation theory of the beam is used to provide the displacement field of the sandwich beam. The energy method and subsequently the generalized Lagrange method are used to derive the motion equations. Due to the use of Hertz’s nonlinear theory to calculate the contact force, the equations of motion are nonlinear. Validation of the problem is carried out by comparing natural frequencies with other papers. The influence of a series of parameters such as CNTs distributions pattern in the face sheets, the influence of the CNTs volume fraction and the influence of the core thickness to the face sheets thickness ratio in the issue of LVI on sandwich beams with clamped-clamped boundary conditions is investigated. The result shows that the type of CNTs pattern in the face sheet and the CNTs volume fraction have a very important effect on the answer to the problem, which is caused by the change in the value of the Young’s modulus of the beam at the contact surface. Changes in the core thickness to the face sheets thickness ratio has little effect on the impact response. Considering the important application of sandwich structures in vehicles, aviation and ships, in this research, sandwich beams consisting of flexible core and CNTs-reinforced face sheets are investigated under LVI.Low speed impact on sandwich beam with flexible core and face sheets reinforced with FG-CNTs
Manar Hamid Jasim, Ali Mohammed Ali Al-Araji
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to model the theory of the low-velocity impact (LVI) process on sandwich beams consisting of flexible cores and face sheets reinforced with functionally graded carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

A series of parameters derived from molecular dynamics are used to consider the size scale in the mixture rule for the combination of CNTs and resin. A procedure involving the use of the first-order shear deformation theory of the beam is used to provide the displacement field of the sandwich beam. The energy method and subsequently the generalized Lagrange method are used to derive the motion equations. Due to the use of Hertz’s nonlinear theory to calculate the contact force, the equations of motion are nonlinear. Validation of the problem is carried out by comparing natural frequencies with other papers.

The influence of a series of parameters such as CNTs distributions pattern in the face sheets, the influence of the CNTs volume fraction and the influence of the core thickness to the face sheets thickness ratio in the issue of LVI on sandwich beams with clamped-clamped boundary conditions is investigated. The result shows that the type of CNTs pattern in the face sheet and the CNTs volume fraction have a very important effect on the answer to the problem, which is caused by the change in the value of the Young’s modulus of the beam at the contact surface. Changes in the core thickness to the face sheets thickness ratio has little effect on the impact response.

Considering the important application of sandwich structures in vehicles, aviation and ships, in this research, sandwich beams consisting of flexible core and CNTs-reinforced face sheets are investigated under LVI.

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Low speed impact on sandwich beam with flexible core and face sheets reinforced with FG-CNTs10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0236World Journal of Engineering2024-01-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedManar Hamid JasimAli Mohammed Ali Al-ArajiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1210.1108/WJE-07-2023-0236https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0236/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance in direct-eating food and analysis of genome and pathogenicityhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0238/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to study the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance in direct-eating food and analysis of Citrobacter freundii genome and pathogenicity. Residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment severely threaten human health and the ecological environment. The diseases caused by foodborne pathogenic bacteria are increasing daily, and the enhancement of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria poses many difficulties in the treatment of disease. In this study, six fresh fruits and vegetable samples were selected for isolation and identification of culturable bacteria and analysis of antibiotic resistance. The whole genome of Citrobacter freundii isolated from cucumber was sequenced and analyzed by Oxford Nanopore sequencing. The results show that 270 strains of bacteria were identified in 6 samples. From 12 samples of direct food, 2 kinds of probiotics and 10 kinds of opportunistic pathogens were screened. The proportion of Citrobacter freundii screened from cucumber was significantly higher than that from other samples, and it showed resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Whole genome sequencing showed that Citrobacter freundii was composed of a circular chromosome containing signal peptides, transmembrane proteins and transporters that could induce antibiotic efflux, indicating that Citrobacter freundii had strong adaptability to the environment. The detection of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes is more beneficial to the growth and reproduction of Citrobacter freundii in crops. A total of 29 kinds of ARGs were detected in Citrobacter freundii, mainly conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenem, cephalosporins and macrolides. The main mechanisms are the change in antibiotic targets and efflux pumps, the change in cell permeability and the inactivation of antibiotics and the detection of virulence factors and ARGs, further indicating the serious risk to human health. The detection of genomic islands and prophages increases the risk of horizontal transfer of virulence factors and ARGs, which spreads the drug resistance of bacteria and pathogenic bacteria more widely.Distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance in direct-eating food and analysis of genome and pathogenicity
Qing Wang, Xuening Wang, Shaojing Sun, Litao Wang, Yan Sun, Xinyan Guo, Na Wang, Bin Chen
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to study the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance in direct-eating food and analysis of Citrobacter freundii genome and pathogenicity. Residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment severely threaten human health and the ecological environment. The diseases caused by foodborne pathogenic bacteria are increasing daily, and the enhancement of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria poses many difficulties in the treatment of disease.

In this study, six fresh fruits and vegetable samples were selected for isolation and identification of culturable bacteria and analysis of antibiotic resistance. The whole genome of Citrobacter freundii isolated from cucumber was sequenced and analyzed by Oxford Nanopore sequencing.

The results show that 270 strains of bacteria were identified in 6 samples. From 12 samples of direct food, 2 kinds of probiotics and 10 kinds of opportunistic pathogens were screened. The proportion of Citrobacter freundii screened from cucumber was significantly higher than that from other samples, and it showed resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Whole genome sequencing showed that Citrobacter freundii was composed of a circular chromosome containing signal peptides, transmembrane proteins and transporters that could induce antibiotic efflux, indicating that Citrobacter freundii had strong adaptability to the environment. The detection of genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes is more beneficial to the growth and reproduction of Citrobacter freundii in crops. A total of 29 kinds of ARGs were detected in Citrobacter freundii, mainly conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenem, cephalosporins and macrolides. The main mechanisms are the change in antibiotic targets and efflux pumps, the change in cell permeability and the inactivation of antibiotics and the detection of virulence factors and ARGs, further indicating the serious risk to human health.

The detection of genomic islands and prophages increases the risk of horizontal transfer of virulence factors and ARGs, which spreads the drug resistance of bacteria and pathogenic bacteria more widely.

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Distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance in direct-eating food and analysis of genome and pathogenicity10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0238World Journal of Engineering2024-02-14© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedQing WangXuening WangShaojing SunLitao WangYan SunXinyan GuoNa WangBin ChenWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1410.1108/WJE-07-2023-0238https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0238/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Numerical and theoretical analysis of multiple simultaneous impact on a functionally graded porous aluminum platehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0239/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to extract the response of the simultaneous low-velocity impact of multiple impactors on a porous functionally graded (FG) aluminum plate. To design a porous FG structure, a series of functions are applied using the porosity coefficient, and mechanical properties including Young’s modulus, shear modulus and the density of the porous structure are presented as a function of the axis placed in the direction of the plate thickness. The first-order shear deformation theory of the plate is used. To simulate the contact process between each impactor and the plate, a nonlinear Hertz contact force is considered for that impactor independently. ABAQUS finite element software is used for the verification process of the theorical equations. The effects of porous function type, radius and initial velocity of impactor are investigated for the simultaneous impact of five impactors on porous FG aluminum plate with a simply supported boundary condition. Histories of contact force and displacement of the impactor placed in the center of the beam are analyzed in detail with the changes of the mentioned parameters. Due to the advantages of porous aluminum plate such as high energy absorption and low weight, such structures may be subjected to the simultaneous impact of multiple impactors, which is studied in this research.Numerical and theoretical analysis of multiple simultaneous impact on a functionally graded porous aluminum plate
Omar Imad Shukri Windi, Ali Sadik Gafer Qanber
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to extract the response of the simultaneous low-velocity impact of multiple impactors on a porous functionally graded (FG) aluminum plate.

To design a porous FG structure, a series of functions are applied using the porosity coefficient, and mechanical properties including Young’s modulus, shear modulus and the density of the porous structure are presented as a function of the axis placed in the direction of the plate thickness. The first-order shear deformation theory of the plate is used. To simulate the contact process between each impactor and the plate, a nonlinear Hertz contact force is considered for that impactor independently.

ABAQUS finite element software is used for the verification process of the theorical equations. The effects of porous function type, radius and initial velocity of impactor are investigated for the simultaneous impact of five impactors on porous FG aluminum plate with a simply supported boundary condition. Histories of contact force and displacement of the impactor placed in the center of the beam are analyzed in detail with the changes of the mentioned parameters.

Due to the advantages of porous aluminum plate such as high energy absorption and low weight, such structures may be subjected to the simultaneous impact of multiple impactors, which is studied in this research.

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Numerical and theoretical analysis of multiple simultaneous impact on a functionally graded porous aluminum plate10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0239World Journal of Engineering2023-10-20© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedOmar Imad Shukri WindiAli Sadik Gafer QanberWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-10-2010.1108/WJE-07-2023-0239https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0239/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of fly ash on compressive strength, carbonation and corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete: a systematic reviewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0240/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the effects of fly ash (FA) as a mineral admixture on compressive strength (CS), carbonation resistance and corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete (RC). In addition, the utilization of inexpensive and abundantly available FA as a cement replacement in concrete has several benefits including reduced OPC usage and elimination of the FA disposal problem. Reinforcement corrosion and carbonation significantly affect the strength and durability of the RC structures. Also, the utilization of FA as green corrosion inhibitors, which are nontoxic and environmentally friendly alternatives. This review discusses the effects of FA on the mechanical characteristics of concrete. Also, this review analyzes the impact of FA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete and its effect on the depth of carbonation in concrete elements and the corrosion rate of embedded steel as well as the chemical composition and microstructure (X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy) of FA concrete were also reviewed. This review provides a clear analysis of the available study, providing a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge on this topic. Regarding concrete CS, the findings indicate that the incorporation of FA often leads to a loss in early-age strength. However, as the curing period increased, the strength of fly ash concrete (FAC) increased with or even surpassed that of conventional concrete. Analysis of the accelerated carbonation test revealed that incorporating FA into the concrete mix led to a shallower carbonation depth and slower diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the concrete. Furthermore, the half-cell potential test shows that the inclusion of FA increases the durability of RC by slowing the rate of steel-reinforcement corrosion. This systematic review analyzes a wide range of existing studies on the topic, providing a comprehensive overview of the research conducted so far. This review intends to critically assess the enhancements in mechanical and durability attributes (such as CS, carbonation and corrosion resistance) of FAC and FA-RC. This systematic review has practical implications for the construction and engineering industries. This can support engineers and designers in making informed decisions regarding the use of FA in concrete mixtures, considering both its benefits and potential drawbacks.Effect of fly ash on compressive strength, carbonation and corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete: a systematic review
Prathamesh Gaikwad, Sandeep Sathe
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the effects of fly ash (FA) as a mineral admixture on compressive strength (CS), carbonation resistance and corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete (RC). In addition, the utilization of inexpensive and abundantly available FA as a cement replacement in concrete has several benefits including reduced OPC usage and elimination of the FA disposal problem.

Reinforcement corrosion and carbonation significantly affect the strength and durability of the RC structures. Also, the utilization of FA as green corrosion inhibitors, which are nontoxic and environmentally friendly alternatives. This review discusses the effects of FA on the mechanical characteristics of concrete. Also, this review analyzes the impact of FA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete and its effect on the depth of carbonation in concrete elements and the corrosion rate of embedded steel as well as the chemical composition and microstructure (X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy) of FA concrete were also reviewed.

This review provides a clear analysis of the available study, providing a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge on this topic. Regarding concrete CS, the findings indicate that the incorporation of FA often leads to a loss in early-age strength. However, as the curing period increased, the strength of fly ash concrete (FAC) increased with or even surpassed that of conventional concrete. Analysis of the accelerated carbonation test revealed that incorporating FA into the concrete mix led to a shallower carbonation depth and slower diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the concrete. Furthermore, the half-cell potential test shows that the inclusion of FA increases the durability of RC by slowing the rate of steel-reinforcement corrosion.

This systematic review analyzes a wide range of existing studies on the topic, providing a comprehensive overview of the research conducted so far. This review intends to critically assess the enhancements in mechanical and durability attributes (such as CS, carbonation and corrosion resistance) of FAC and FA-RC. This systematic review has practical implications for the construction and engineering industries. This can support engineers and designers in making informed decisions regarding the use of FA in concrete mixtures, considering both its benefits and potential drawbacks.

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Effect of fly ash on compressive strength, carbonation and corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete: a systematic review10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0240World Journal of Engineering2023-12-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedPrathamesh GaikwadSandeep SatheWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-1410.1108/WJE-07-2023-0240https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0240/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Mechanical and morphological properties of unsaturated polyester resin composites reinforced with recycled PET fibers of varying lengthshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0246/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to deal with both the development and mechanical investigations of unsaturated polyester matrix (UPR) composites containing recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers as new fillers. UPR/PET fibers composites have been developed as mats by incorporating 5, 8, 13 and 18 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of 6-, 10- and 15-mm length PET fibers from the recycling of postconsumer bottles. The mechanical and physical properties of the composites were investigated as a function of fiber content and length. A significant increase in stress at break and in ultimate stress (sr) were observed for composites reinforced with 5 and 8 phr of 15-mm length PET fibers. The Izod impact strength of UPR/mat PET fiber composites as a function of fiber rate and length showed that the 5 and 8 phr composites for the 15-mm length PET fiber have the optimal mechanical properties 13.55 and 10.50 Kj/m2, respectively. The morphological study showed that the strong adhesion resulting from the affinity of the PET fiber for the UPR matrix. The ductile fracture of materials reinforced with 5 and 8 phr is confirmed by the fiber deformation and fracture surface roughness. This study concluded that the PET fiber enhances the properties of composites, a good correlation was observed between the results of the mechanical tests and the structural analysis revealing that for the lower concentrations, the PET fibers are well dispersed into the resin, but entanglements are evidenced when the fiber content increases. It can be shown from scanning electron microscopy micrographs that the fabrication technique produced composites with good interfacial adhesion between PET fibers and UPR matrix.Mechanical and morphological properties of unsaturated polyester resin composites reinforced with recycled PET fibers of varying lengths
Ouided Dehas, Laidi Babouri, Yasmina Biskri, Jean-Francois Bardeau
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to deal with both the development and mechanical investigations of unsaturated polyester matrix (UPR) composites containing recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers as new fillers.

UPR/PET fibers composites have been developed as mats by incorporating 5, 8, 13 and 18 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of 6-, 10- and 15-mm length PET fibers from the recycling of postconsumer bottles. The mechanical and physical properties of the composites were investigated as a function of fiber content and length. A significant increase in stress at break and in ultimate stress (sr) were observed for composites reinforced with 5 and 8 phr of 15-mm length PET fibers. The Izod impact strength of UPR/mat PET fiber composites as a function of fiber rate and length showed that the 5 and 8 phr composites for the 15-mm length PET fiber have the optimal mechanical properties 13.55 and 10.50 Kj/m2, respectively. The morphological study showed that the strong adhesion resulting from the affinity of the PET fiber for the UPR matrix. The ductile fracture of materials reinforced with 5 and 8 phr is confirmed by the fiber deformation and fracture surface roughness.

This study concluded that the PET fiber enhances the properties of composites, a good correlation was observed between the results of the mechanical tests and the structural analysis revealing that for the lower concentrations, the PET fibers are well dispersed into the resin, but entanglements are evidenced when the fiber content increases.

It can be shown from scanning electron microscopy micrographs that the fabrication technique produced composites with good interfacial adhesion between PET fibers and UPR matrix.

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Mechanical and morphological properties of unsaturated polyester resin composites reinforced with recycled PET fibers of varying lengths10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0246World Journal of Engineering2023-10-31© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedOuided DehasLaidi BabouriYasmina BiskriJean-Francois BardeauWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-10-3110.1108/WJE-07-2023-0246https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0246/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Investigation on the surface hardness and durability-related properties of concrete containing coconut shell as partial substitute to coarse aggregateshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0247/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestUsing coconut shell aggregates (CSA) in concrete benefits agricultural waste management and reduces the demand for mineral resources. Several studies have found that concrete containing CSA can achieve strengths that are comparable to regular concrete. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the concrete’s durability-related properties to supplement these earlier findings. Cylindrical specimens were prepared with a constant water–cement ratio of 0.50 and CSA content ranging from 0% to 50% (at 10% increment) by volume of the total coarse aggregates. The specimens were cured for 28 days and then tested for density, surface hardness, electrical resistivity and water sorptivity. The surface hardness was measured to describe the concrete resistance to surface wearing, while the resistivity and sorptivity were evaluated to describe the material’s resistance to fluid penetration. The results showed that the surface hardness of concrete remained on average at 325 Leeb and did not change significantly with CSA addition. The distribution of surface hardness was also similar across all CSA groups, with the interquartile range averaging 59 Leeb. These results suggest that the cement paste and gravel stiffness had a more pronounced influence on the surface hardness than CSA. On the other hand, concrete became lighter by about 9%, had lower resistivity by 80% and had significantly higher initial sorptivity by up to 110%, when 50% of its natural gravel was replaced with CSA. Future work may be done to improve the durability of CSA when used as coarse aggregate. The present study is the first to show the lack of correlation between CSA content and surface hardness. It would mean that the surface hardness test may not completely capture the porous nature of CSA-added concrete. The paper concludes that without additional treatment prior to mixing, CSA may be limited only to applications where concrete is not in constant contact with water or deleterious substances.Investigation on the surface hardness and durability-related properties of concrete containing coconut shell as partial substitute to coarse aggregates
Emel Ken D. Benito, Ariel Miguel M. Aragoncillo, Kylyn A. Morales, Dalisa Mars L. Revilleza, Laurence V. Catindig, Marish S. Madlangbayan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Using coconut shell aggregates (CSA) in concrete benefits agricultural waste management and reduces the demand for mineral resources. Several studies have found that concrete containing CSA can achieve strengths that are comparable to regular concrete. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the concrete’s durability-related properties to supplement these earlier findings.

Cylindrical specimens were prepared with a constant water–cement ratio of 0.50 and CSA content ranging from 0% to 50% (at 10% increment) by volume of the total coarse aggregates. The specimens were cured for 28 days and then tested for density, surface hardness, electrical resistivity and water sorptivity. The surface hardness was measured to describe the concrete resistance to surface wearing, while the resistivity and sorptivity were evaluated to describe the material’s resistance to fluid penetration.

The results showed that the surface hardness of concrete remained on average at 325 Leeb and did not change significantly with CSA addition. The distribution of surface hardness was also similar across all CSA groups, with the interquartile range averaging 59 Leeb. These results suggest that the cement paste and gravel stiffness had a more pronounced influence on the surface hardness than CSA. On the other hand, concrete became lighter by about 9%, had lower resistivity by 80% and had significantly higher initial sorptivity by up to 110%, when 50% of its natural gravel was replaced with CSA. Future work may be done to improve the durability of CSA when used as coarse aggregate.

The present study is the first to show the lack of correlation between CSA content and surface hardness. It would mean that the surface hardness test may not completely capture the porous nature of CSA-added concrete. The paper concludes that without additional treatment prior to mixing, CSA may be limited only to applications where concrete is not in constant contact with water or deleterious substances.

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Investigation on the surface hardness and durability-related properties of concrete containing coconut shell as partial substitute to coarse aggregates10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0247World Journal of Engineering2023-10-24© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedEmel Ken D. BenitoAriel Miguel M. AragoncilloKylyn A. MoralesDalisa Mars L. RevillezaLaurence V. CatindigMarish S. MadlangbayanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-10-2410.1108/WJE-07-2023-0247https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0247/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Zirconium oxide thin films deposited via DC magnetron sputtering: corrosion and morphological investigationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0252/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate the structural, surface roughness and corrosion properties of the zirconium oxide thin films deposited onto SS304 substrates using the direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique. DC sputtering at different powers – 80, 100 and 120 W – was used to deposit ZrO2 thin films onto different substrates (Si/SS304) without annealing of the substrate. Atomic force microscope (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Tafel extrapolation and contact angle techniques were applied to investigate the surface roughness, chemical compositions, corrosion behavior and hydrophobicity of these films. Results showed that the thickness of the deposited film increased with power increase, while the corrosion current decreased with power increase. AFM images indicated that the surface roughness decreased with an increase in DC power. EDS analysis showed that the thin film has a stoichiometric ZrO2 (Zr:O 1:2) composition with basic uniformity. Water contact angle measurements indicated that the hydrophobicity of the synthesized films decreased with an increase in surface roughness. DC magnetron sputtering technique is infrequently used to deposition thin films. The obtained thin films showed good hydrophobic and anticorrosion properties. Finally, results are compared with other deposition techniques.Zirconium oxide thin films deposited via DC magnetron sputtering: corrosion and morphological investigation
Bassem Assfour, Bassam Abdallah, Hour Krajian, Mahmoud Kakhia, Karam Masloub, Walaa Zetoune
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural, surface roughness and corrosion properties of the zirconium oxide thin films deposited onto SS304 substrates using the direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique.

DC sputtering at different powers – 80, 100 and 120 W – was used to deposit ZrO2 thin films onto different substrates (Si/SS304) without annealing of the substrate. Atomic force microscope (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Tafel extrapolation and contact angle techniques were applied to investigate the surface roughness, chemical compositions, corrosion behavior and hydrophobicity of these films.

Results showed that the thickness of the deposited film increased with power increase, while the corrosion current decreased with power increase. AFM images indicated that the surface roughness decreased with an increase in DC power. EDS analysis showed that the thin film has a stoichiometric ZrO2 (Zr:O 1:2) composition with basic uniformity. Water contact angle measurements indicated that the hydrophobicity of the synthesized films decreased with an increase in surface roughness.

DC magnetron sputtering technique is infrequently used to deposition thin films. The obtained thin films showed good hydrophobic and anticorrosion properties. Finally, results are compared with other deposition techniques.

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Zirconium oxide thin films deposited via DC magnetron sputtering: corrosion and morphological investigation10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0252World Journal of Engineering2024-02-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedBassem AssfourBassam AbdallahHour KrajianMahmoud KakhiaKaram MasloubWalaa ZetouneWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1910.1108/WJE-07-2023-0252https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0252/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Utilization of recycled coarse aggregate and high volume of GGBS in self-compacting concrete – an experimental studyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0266/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviour of M40 grade of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with high volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (50%) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) content up to 100% to assess the mechanical properties of SCC. As per guidelines of IS: 383 – 2016, the RCA can be replaced up to 20% of natural coarse aggregate up to M25 grade of concrete. This study assesses the mechanical properties of SCC beyond 20% of RCA content. Based on the experimental investigations, the compressive strength of mixes decreases as the content of RCA increases. It is found that concrete mixes with 20% RCA and shows the maximum compressive strength at 56 days. The fresh properties as per EFNARC and IS: 10262–2019 guidelines, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, mechanical properties and microstructure analysis have been conducted to evaluate the performance of SCC with RCA for practical applications. From the experimental investigations, it is found that up to 50% of recycled coarse aggregate can be used for structural applications. The environmental pollution and dumping of waste on green land can be reduced by effective utilization of recycled coarse aggregate and GGBS in the production of SCC.Utilization of recycled coarse aggregate and high volume of GGBS in self-compacting concrete – an experimental study
Manjunatha M., Kavitha T.S.
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviour of M40 grade of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with high volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (50%) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) content up to 100% to assess the mechanical properties of SCC. As per guidelines of IS: 383 – 2016, the RCA can be replaced up to 20% of natural coarse aggregate up to M25 grade of concrete. This study assesses the mechanical properties of SCC beyond 20% of RCA content. Based on the experimental investigations, the compressive strength of mixes decreases as the content of RCA increases. It is found that concrete mixes with 20% RCA and shows the maximum compressive strength at 56 days.

The fresh properties as per EFNARC and IS: 10262–2019 guidelines, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, mechanical properties and microstructure analysis have been conducted to evaluate the performance of SCC with RCA for practical applications.

From the experimental investigations, it is found that up to 50% of recycled coarse aggregate can be used for structural applications.

The environmental pollution and dumping of waste on green land can be reduced by effective utilization of recycled coarse aggregate and GGBS in the production of SCC.

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Utilization of recycled coarse aggregate and high volume of GGBS in self-compacting concrete – an experimental study10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0266World Journal of Engineering2023-12-26© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedManjunatha M.Kavitha T.S.World Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-2610.1108/WJE-07-2023-0266https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-07-2023-0266/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Experimental and numerical study of the settlement behavior of soil reinforced by stone columnshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0322/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe paper aims to present an experimental and numerical investigation of the load–settlement behavior of soil reinforced by stone column, as well as to evaluate the plane strain unit cell model for the analysis of stone columns. The numerical analysis was done using both axisymmetric and plane strain models. The elastic perfectly plastic behavior of Mohr–Coulomb was adopted for both soil and column material. The numerical results of this study were validated by the comparison with the in-situ measurements of a full-scale loading test on a stone column. This study also evaluated the effect of different parameters involved in the design of a stone column, including Young’s modulus of the column material, column diameter, spacing between the stone columns and Poisson’s ratio of the column material. After the numerical simulation, the results from both axisymmetric and plane strain models are quite comparable. In addition, the numerical results revealed that the stone column with low spacing, a large diameter and a high Young’s modulus indicated better behavior against the settlement. The axisymmetric unit cell model was used in many numerical studies on the behavior of stone columns. In the present work, a field load test on stone column was simulated using a plane strain unit cell model. This research adds that the plane strain unit cell model can be used to predict the settlement of reinforced soil with stone columns.Experimental and numerical study of the settlement behavior of soil reinforced by stone columns
Soumaya Hadri, Souhila Rehab Bekkouche, Salah Messast
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The paper aims to present an experimental and numerical investigation of the load–settlement behavior of soil reinforced by stone column, as well as to evaluate the plane strain unit cell model for the analysis of stone columns.

The numerical analysis was done using both axisymmetric and plane strain models. The elastic perfectly plastic behavior of Mohr–Coulomb was adopted for both soil and column material. The numerical results of this study were validated by the comparison with the in-situ measurements of a full-scale loading test on a stone column. This study also evaluated the effect of different parameters involved in the design of a stone column, including Young’s modulus of the column material, column diameter, spacing between the stone columns and Poisson’s ratio of the column material.

After the numerical simulation, the results from both axisymmetric and plane strain models are quite comparable. In addition, the numerical results revealed that the stone column with low spacing, a large diameter and a high Young’s modulus indicated better behavior against the settlement.

The axisymmetric unit cell model was used in many numerical studies on the behavior of stone columns. In the present work, a field load test on stone column was simulated using a plane strain unit cell model. This research adds that the plane strain unit cell model can be used to predict the settlement of reinforced soil with stone columns.

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Experimental and numerical study of the settlement behavior of soil reinforced by stone columns10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0322World Journal of Engineering2023-04-04© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSoumaya HadriSouhila Rehab BekkoucheSalah MessastWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-0410.1108/WJE-08-2022-0322https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0322/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Aerodynamic slotted SIW-to-MS line transition using mitered end taper for satellite and RADAR communicationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0330/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to present the design development and measurement of two aerodynamic slotted X-bands back-to-back planer substrate-integrated rectangular waveguide (SIRWG/SIW) to Microstrip (MS) line transition for satellite and RADAR applications. It facilitates the realization of nonplanar (waveguide-based) circuits into planar form for easy integration with other planar (microstrip) devices, circuits and systems. This paper describes the design of a SIW to microstrip transition. The transition is broadband covering the frequency range of 8–12 GHz. The design and interconnection of microwave components like filters, power dividers, resonators, satellite dishes, sensors, transmitters and transponders are further aided by these transitions. A common planar interconnect is designed with better reflection coefficient/return loss (RL) (S11/S22 ≤ 10 dB), transmission coefficient/insertion loss (IL) (S12/S21: 0–3.0 dB) and ultra-wideband bandwidth on low profile FR-4 substrate for X-band and Ku-band functioning to interconnect modern era MIC/MMIC circuits, components and devices. Two series of metal via (6 via/row) have been used so that all surface current and electric field vectors are confined within the metallic via-wall in SIW length. Introduced aerodynamic slots in tapered portions achieve excellent impedance matching and tapered junctions with SIW are mitered for fine tuning to achieve minimum reflections and improved transmissions at X-band center frequency. Using this method, the measured IL and RLs are found in concord with simulated results in full X-band (8.22–12.4 GHz). RLC T-equivalent and p-equivalent electrical circuits of the proposed design are presented at the end. The measurement of the prototype has been carried out by an available low-cost X-band microwave bench and with a Keysight E4416A power meter in the microwave laboratory. The transition is fabricated on FR-4 substrate with compact size 14 mm × 21.35 mm × 1.6 mm and hence economical with IL lie within limits 0.6–1 dB and RL is lower than −10 dB in bandwidth 7.05–17.10 GHz. Because of such outstanding fractional bandwidth (FBW: 100.5%), the transition could also be useful for Ku-band with IL close to 1.6 dB.Aerodynamic slotted SIW-to-MS line transition using mitered end taper for satellite and RADAR communications
Atul Varshney, Vipul Sharma
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to present the design development and measurement of two aerodynamic slotted X-bands back-to-back planer substrate-integrated rectangular waveguide (SIRWG/SIW) to Microstrip (MS) line transition for satellite and RADAR applications. It facilitates the realization of nonplanar (waveguide-based) circuits into planar form for easy integration with other planar (microstrip) devices, circuits and systems. This paper describes the design of a SIW to microstrip transition. The transition is broadband covering the frequency range of 8–12 GHz. The design and interconnection of microwave components like filters, power dividers, resonators, satellite dishes, sensors, transmitters and transponders are further aided by these transitions. A common planar interconnect is designed with better reflection coefficient/return loss (RL) (S11/S22 ≤ 10 dB), transmission coefficient/insertion loss (IL) (S12/S21: 0–3.0 dB) and ultra-wideband bandwidth on low profile FR-4 substrate for X-band and Ku-band functioning to interconnect modern era MIC/MMIC circuits, components and devices.

Two series of metal via (6 via/row) have been used so that all surface current and electric field vectors are confined within the metallic via-wall in SIW length. Introduced aerodynamic slots in tapered portions achieve excellent impedance matching and tapered junctions with SIW are mitered for fine tuning to achieve minimum reflections and improved transmissions at X-band center frequency.

Using this method, the measured IL and RLs are found in concord with simulated results in full X-band (8.22–12.4 GHz). RLC T-equivalent and p-equivalent electrical circuits of the proposed design are presented at the end.

The measurement of the prototype has been carried out by an available low-cost X-band microwave bench and with a Keysight E4416A power meter in the microwave laboratory.

The transition is fabricated on FR-4 substrate with compact size 14 mm × 21.35 mm × 1.6 mm and hence economical with IL lie within limits 0.6–1 dB and RL is lower than −10 dB in bandwidth 7.05–17.10 GHz. Because of such outstanding fractional bandwidth (FBW: 100.5%), the transition could also be useful for Ku-band with IL close to 1.6 dB.

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Aerodynamic slotted SIW-to-MS line transition using mitered end taper for satellite and RADAR communications10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0330World Journal of Engineering2023-04-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAtul VarshneyVipul SharmaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-1410.1108/WJE-08-2022-0330https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0330/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Notch-band eliminator wideband CSRR loaded monopole fractal antenna for ISM and PCS communicationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0333/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to present a low-cost, edge-fed, windmill-shaped, notch-band eliminator, circular monopole antenna which is practically loaded with a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) in the middle of the radiating conductor and also uses a partial ground to obtain wide-band performance. To compensate for the reduced value of gain and reflection coefficient because of the full (complete) ground plane at the bottom of the substrate, the antenna is further loaded with a partial ground and a CSRR. The reduction in the length of ground near the feed line improves the impedance bandwidth, and introduced CSRR results in improved gain with an additional resonance spike. This results in a peak gain 3.895dBi at the designed frequency 2.45 GHz. The extending of three arms in the circular patch not only led to an increase of peak gain by 4.044dBi but also eliminated the notch band and improved the fractional bandwidth 1.65–2.92 GHz. The work reports a –10dB bandwidth from 1.63 GHz to 2.91 GHz, which covers traditional coverage applications and new specific uses applications such as narrow LTE bands for future internet of things (NB-IoT) machine-to-machine communications 1.8/1.9/2.1/2.3/2.5/2.6 GHz, industry, automation and business-critical cases (2.1/2.3/2.6 GHz), industrial, society and medical applications such as Wi-MAX (3.5 GHz), Wi-Fi3 (2.45 GHz), GSM (1.9 GHz), public safety band, Bluetooth (2.40–2.485 GHz), Zigbee (2.40–2.48Ghz), industrial scientific medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.5 GHz), WCDMA (1.9, 2.1 GHz), 3 G (2.1 GHz), 4 G LTE (2.1–2.5 GHz) and other personal communication services applications. The estimated RLC electrical equivalent circuit is also presented at the end. Because of full coverage of Bluetooth, Zigbee, WiFi3 and ISM band, the proposed fabricated antenna is suitable for low power, low data rate and wireless/wired short-range IoT-enabled medical applications. The antenna is fabricated on a piece (66.4 mm × 66.4 mm × 1.6 mm) of low-cost low profile FR-4 epoxy substrate (0.54 λg × 0.54 λg) with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a loss tangent of 0.02 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The antenna reflection coefficient, impedance and VSWR are tested on the Keysight technology (N9917A) vector network analyzer, and the radiation pattern is measured in an anechoic chamber.Notch-band eliminator wideband CSRR loaded monopole fractal antenna for ISM and PCS communications
Atul Varshney, Vipul Sharma, T. Mary Neebha, N. Prasanthi Kumari
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to present a low-cost, edge-fed, windmill-shaped, notch-band eliminator, circular monopole antenna which is practically loaded with a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) in the middle of the radiating conductor and also uses a partial ground to obtain wide-band performance.

To compensate for the reduced value of gain and reflection coefficient because of the full (complete) ground plane at the bottom of the substrate, the antenna is further loaded with a partial ground and a CSRR. The reduction in the length of ground near the feed line improves the impedance bandwidth, and introduced CSRR results in improved gain with an additional resonance spike. This results in a peak gain 3.895dBi at the designed frequency 2.45 GHz. The extending of three arms in the circular patch not only led to an increase of peak gain by 4.044dBi but also eliminated the notch band and improved the fractional bandwidth 1.65–2.92 GHz.

The work reports a –10dB bandwidth from 1.63 GHz to 2.91 GHz, which covers traditional coverage applications and new specific uses applications such as narrow LTE bands for future internet of things (NB-IoT) machine-to-machine communications 1.8/1.9/2.1/2.3/2.5/2.6 GHz, industry, automation and business-critical cases (2.1/2.3/2.6 GHz), industrial, society and medical applications such as Wi-MAX (3.5 GHz), Wi-Fi3 (2.45 GHz), GSM (1.9 GHz), public safety band, Bluetooth (2.40–2.485 GHz), Zigbee (2.40–2.48Ghz), industrial scientific medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.5 GHz), WCDMA (1.9, 2.1 GHz), 3 G (2.1 GHz), 4 G LTE (2.1–2.5 GHz) and other personal communication services applications. The estimated RLC electrical equivalent circuit is also presented at the end.

Because of full coverage of Bluetooth, Zigbee, WiFi3 and ISM band, the proposed fabricated antenna is suitable for low power, low data rate and wireless/wired short-range IoT-enabled medical applications.

The antenna is fabricated on a piece (66.4 mm × 66.4 mm × 1.6 mm) of low-cost low profile FR-4 epoxy substrate (0.54 λg × 0.54 λg) with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a loss tangent of 0.02 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The antenna reflection coefficient, impedance and VSWR are tested on the Keysight technology (N9917A) vector network analyzer, and the radiation pattern is measured in an anechoic chamber.

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Notch-band eliminator wideband CSRR loaded monopole fractal antenna for ISM and PCS communications10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0333World Journal of Engineering2023-06-13© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAtul VarshneyVipul SharmaT. Mary NeebhaN. Prasanthi KumariWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-1310.1108/WJE-08-2022-0333https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0333/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The nonlinear analysis of tapered steel section with opening due to the effects of bending behaviorhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0341/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTapered steel sections are widely used in house building design due to their structural efficiency and aesthetic appearance. Due to the practical usage of web tapering specifications in the metal building industry, fabrication and material expenses are analyzed to achieve geometric and economic productivity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing web profiles with openings in reducing the weight of steel beams. In this paper, the nonlinear analysis of the bending behavior of a tapered steel section with an opening was studied by finite element analysis. The results were then compared with those of the tapered steel section without an opening in terms of displacement and yield moment. The bending capacity of a tapered steel section was analyzed using finite element analysis. Results showed that the tapered steel section without openings had a higher bending capacity compared to the section with various sizes of web openings. The results also showed that decreasing the number of openings would increase the bending capacity, whereas increasing the size of the opening would decrease it. The difference in the yield moment between the tapered steel section with and without openings was only 15.818%. A total of 60 nonlinear analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of the number and size of web openings, flange thickness and web thickness on the bending behavior. However, this study showed that web opening with octagon shape and 0.6D size of web opening, where D is the depth of section, showed the best section in terms of yield moment and volume reduction compared to other opening size and shape. It is also found that tapered steel section has better moment resistance in thicker flange and web. The study is valuable for engineers and designers who work with steel structures and need to optimize the performance of tapered steel sections with web openings.The nonlinear analysis of tapered steel section with opening due to the effects of bending behavior
Fatimah De’nan, Nor Salwani Hashim, Mohd Yusri Mohamad Razak
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Tapered steel sections are widely used in house building design due to their structural efficiency and aesthetic appearance. Due to the practical usage of web tapering specifications in the metal building industry, fabrication and material expenses are analyzed to achieve geometric and economic productivity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing web profiles with openings in reducing the weight of steel beams.

In this paper, the nonlinear analysis of the bending behavior of a tapered steel section with an opening was studied by finite element analysis. The results were then compared with those of the tapered steel section without an opening in terms of displacement and yield moment.

The bending capacity of a tapered steel section was analyzed using finite element analysis. Results showed that the tapered steel section without openings had a higher bending capacity compared to the section with various sizes of web openings. The results also showed that decreasing the number of openings would increase the bending capacity, whereas increasing the size of the opening would decrease it. The difference in the yield moment between the tapered steel section with and without openings was only 15.818%. A total of 60 nonlinear analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of the number and size of web openings, flange thickness and web thickness on the bending behavior. However, this study showed that web opening with octagon shape and 0.6D size of web opening, where D is the depth of section, showed the best section in terms of yield moment and volume reduction compared to other opening size and shape.

It is also found that tapered steel section has better moment resistance in thicker flange and web. The study is valuable for engineers and designers who work with steel structures and need to optimize the performance of tapered steel sections with web openings.

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The nonlinear analysis of tapered steel section with opening due to the effects of bending behavior10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0341World Journal of Engineering2023-05-17© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedFatimah De’nanNor Salwani HashimMohd Yusri Mohamad RazakWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-1710.1108/WJE-08-2022-0341https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2022-0341/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Geotechnical appraisal of failed sections of some highway pavements in parts of Northcentral Nigeriahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0288/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study was to investigate the likely causes of failure of some sections of road pavements in Ajaokuta, Northcentral Nigeria. This was achieved through a geotechnical assessment of subgrade soils in affected areas. The methods entailed field and laboratory methods and statistical analysis. Subgrade soil samples were retrieved from a depth of 1,000 mm beneath the failed portions using a hang auger. The soils were analyzed for natural moisture content (NMC), Atterberg limit (liquid limit, plastic limit and linear shrinkage), grain size distribution, compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR), respectively. The results of the geotechnical tests ranged from NMC (12.5%–19.4%), sand (84%–98%), fines (2%–16%), LL (16.0%–32.2%), PL (17%–27.5%), LS (2.7%–6.4%), PI (2.5%–18.4%), maximum dry density (1756 kg/m2–1961 kg/m2), optimum moisture content (13.2%–20.2%), unsoaked CBR (15.5%–30.5%) and soaked CBR (8%–22%), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient performed on the variables showed that some parameters exhibited a strong positive correlation with r2 > 0.5. Funding was the main limitation. Comparing the results with Nigerian standards for road construction, and the AASHTO classification scheme, the subgrade soils are competent and possess excellent to good properties. The soils also exhibited very low plasticity, a high percentage of sand, high CBR and low NMC, which implies that it has the strength required for road pavement subgrades. The likely causes of the failures are, therefore, due to the use of poor construction materials, technical incompetence and poor compaction of sub-base materials, respectively.Geotechnical appraisal of failed sections of some highway pavements in parts of Northcentral Nigeria
Ernest Orji Akudo, Godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon, Kizito O. Musa, Muawiya Baba Aminu, Nanfa Andrew Changde, Emmanuel K. Adekunle
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the likely causes of failure of some sections of road pavements in Ajaokuta, Northcentral Nigeria. This was achieved through a geotechnical assessment of subgrade soils in affected areas.

The methods entailed field and laboratory methods and statistical analysis. Subgrade soil samples were retrieved from a depth of 1,000 mm beneath the failed portions using a hang auger. The soils were analyzed for natural moisture content (NMC), Atterberg limit (liquid limit, plastic limit and linear shrinkage), grain size distribution, compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR), respectively.

The results of the geotechnical tests ranged from NMC (12.5%–19.4%), sand (84%–98%), fines (2%–16%), LL (16.0%–32.2%), PL (17%–27.5%), LS (2.7%–6.4%), PI (2.5%–18.4%), maximum dry density (1756 kg/m2–1961 kg/m2), optimum moisture content (13.2%–20.2%), unsoaked CBR (15.5%–30.5%) and soaked CBR (8%–22%), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient performed on the variables showed that some parameters exhibited a strong positive correlation with r2 > 0.5.

Funding was the main limitation.

Comparing the results with Nigerian standards for road construction, and the AASHTO classification scheme, the subgrade soils are competent and possess excellent to good properties. The soils also exhibited very low plasticity, a high percentage of sand, high CBR and low NMC, which implies that it has the strength required for road pavement subgrades. The likely causes of the failures are, therefore, due to the use of poor construction materials, technical incompetence and poor compaction of sub-base materials, respectively.

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Geotechnical appraisal of failed sections of some highway pavements in parts of Northcentral Nigeria10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0288World Journal of Engineering2024-02-13© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedErnest Orji AkudoGodwin Okumagbe AigbadonKizito O. MusaMuawiya Baba AminuNanfa Andrew ChangdeEmmanuel K. AdekunleWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1310.1108/WJE-08-2023-0288https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0288/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of silica fume on Pullout capacity and corrosion resistance of hook bars in the external beam-column concrete jointhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0301/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to determine the effect of replacing a portion of the cement in the concrete mixture with silica fume (SF) on the corrosion resistance of reinforcing bars, the compressive strength of concrete and the tensile strength of hook bars in both corroded and non-corroded external joints of structures. The external beam-column connection was studied because of its critical role in maintaining structural continuity in all three directions and providing resistance to rotation. In external concrete joints, the bars at the end of the beams are often bent at 90° to form hooks that embed in columns. Owing to the importance of embedding distance and the need to understand its susceptibility to corrosion damage from chloride attack, a series of experiments were conducted on 12 specimens that accurately simulate real-site conditions in terms of dimensions, reinforcement and hook bars. SF was replaced with 10% and 15% of the weight of cement in the concrete mixture. To simulate corrosion, the specimens were subjected to accelerated corrosion in the laboratory by applying a low continuous current of 0.35 mA for 58 days. The results revealed the effect of SF in improving the compressive strength of concrete, the pullout resistance of the hook bars and the corrosion resistance. In addition, it showed an apparent effect of the corrosion of reinforcing bars in reducing the bonding strength of hook bars with concrete and the effect of SF in improving this strength. It was noted that the improvement of the results, achieved by replacing 10% of the weight of cement with SF, was significantly close to the results obtained by replacing 15% of the SF. It is recommended that an SF ratio of 10% be adopted to achieve the greatest economic savings.Effect of silica fume on Pullout capacity and corrosion resistance of hook bars in the external beam-column concrete joint
Ayad Alameeri, Gholamreza Abdollahzadeh, Seyedkomeil Hashemiheidari
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to determine the effect of replacing a portion of the cement in the concrete mixture with silica fume (SF) on the corrosion resistance of reinforcing bars, the compressive strength of concrete and the tensile strength of hook bars in both corroded and non-corroded external joints of structures. The external beam-column connection was studied because of its critical role in maintaining structural continuity in all three directions and providing resistance to rotation.

In external concrete joints, the bars at the end of the beams are often bent at 90° to form hooks that embed in columns. Owing to the importance of embedding distance and the need to understand its susceptibility to corrosion damage from chloride attack, a series of experiments were conducted on 12 specimens that accurately simulate real-site conditions in terms of dimensions, reinforcement and hook bars. SF was replaced with 10% and 15% of the weight of cement in the concrete mixture. To simulate corrosion, the specimens were subjected to accelerated corrosion in the laboratory by applying a low continuous current of 0.35 mA for 58 days.

The results revealed the effect of SF in improving the compressive strength of concrete, the pullout resistance of the hook bars and the corrosion resistance. In addition, it showed an apparent effect of the corrosion of reinforcing bars in reducing the bonding strength of hook bars with concrete and the effect of SF in improving this strength.

It was noted that the improvement of the results, achieved by replacing 10% of the weight of cement with SF, was significantly close to the results obtained by replacing 15% of the SF. It is recommended that an SF ratio of 10% be adopted to achieve the greatest economic savings.

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Effect of silica fume on Pullout capacity and corrosion resistance of hook bars in the external beam-column concrete joint10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0301World Journal of Engineering2024-02-09© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedAyad AlameeriGholamreza AbdollahzadehSeyedkomeil HashemiheidariWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0910.1108/WJE-08-2023-0301https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0301/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Fabrication of cathode composite CoO/CC and study on electrochemical properties of zinc cobalt batteryhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0304/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAqueous zinc-ion battery has broad application prospects in smart grid energy storage, power tools and other fields. Co3O4 is one of the ideal cathode materials for water zinc-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, simple synthesis, low cost and environmental friendliness. Many studies were concentrated on the synthesis, design and doping of cathodes, but the effect of process parameters on morphology and performance was rarely reported. Herein, Co3O4 cathode material based on carbon cloth (Co3O4/CC) was prepared by different temperatures hydrothermal synthesis method. The temperatures of hydrothermal reaction are 100°C, 120°C, 130°C and 140°C, respectively. The influence of temperatures on the microstructures of the cathodes and electrochemical performance of zinc ion batteries were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry curve, electrochemical charging and discharging behavior and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test. The results show that the Co3O4/CC material synthesized at 120°C has good performance. Co3O4/CC nanowire has a uniform distribution, regular surface and small size on carbon cloth. The zinc-ion battery has excellent rate performance and low reaction resistance. In the voltage range of 0.01–2.2 V, when the current density is 1 A/g, the specific capacity of the battery is 108.2 mAh/g for the first discharge and the specific capacity of the battery is 142.6 mAh/g after 60 charge and discharge cycles. The study aims to investigate the effect of process parameters on the performance of zinc-ion batteries systematically and optimized applicable reaction temperature.Fabrication of cathode composite CoO/CC and study on electrochemical properties of zinc cobalt battery
Wenhai Tan, Yichen Zhang, Yuhao Song, Yanbo Ma, Chao Zhao, Youfeng Zhang
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Aqueous zinc-ion battery has broad application prospects in smart grid energy storage, power tools and other fields. Co3O4 is one of the ideal cathode materials for water zinc-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, simple synthesis, low cost and environmental friendliness. Many studies were concentrated on the synthesis, design and doping of cathodes, but the effect of process parameters on morphology and performance was rarely reported.

Herein, Co3O4 cathode material based on carbon cloth (Co3O4/CC) was prepared by different temperatures hydrothermal synthesis method. The temperatures of hydrothermal reaction are 100°C, 120°C, 130°C and 140°C, respectively. The influence of temperatures on the microstructures of the cathodes and electrochemical performance of zinc ion batteries were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry curve, electrochemical charging and discharging behavior and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test.

The results show that the Co3O4/CC material synthesized at 120°C has good performance. Co3O4/CC nanowire has a uniform distribution, regular surface and small size on carbon cloth. The zinc-ion battery has excellent rate performance and low reaction resistance. In the voltage range of 0.01–2.2 V, when the current density is 1 A/g, the specific capacity of the battery is 108.2 mAh/g for the first discharge and the specific capacity of the battery is 142.6 mAh/g after 60 charge and discharge cycles.

The study aims to investigate the effect of process parameters on the performance of zinc-ion batteries systematically and optimized applicable reaction temperature.

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Fabrication of cathode composite CoO/CC and study on electrochemical properties of zinc cobalt battery10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0304World Journal of Engineering2024-02-26© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedWenhai TanYichen ZhangYuhao SongYanbo MaChao ZhaoYoufeng ZhangWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2610.1108/WJE-08-2023-0304https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0304/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Experimental study on the behavior of pre-loaded reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams with openings strengthened with FRP sheetshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0307/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRecently, the repairing of reinforced concrete (RC) structures attracted great research attentions, but the research interests were mainly concentrated on common repairing types. To this end, in this paper, a repairing of pre-loaded RC beams strengthened by aramid reinforcement polymers (AFRP) is presented. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of pre-loaded RC Deep beams under sustained load. The AFRP has many advantages such as controlling stresses distribution around the openings, controlling failure modes, and enhancing the structural capacity of pre-cracked RC beams. Four specimens were experimentally tested: one specimen without strengthening, which is considered as control specimen, one strengthened specimen using AFRP without pre-cracking and two specimens subjected to pre-cracking load before prior to AFRP application. Furthermore, after validation of experimental data by using ANSYS software, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-damage level on shear capacity of RC beams. For pre-cracked beams, loading was first applied until the cracking stage, followed by specimen repairing with epoxy injection, and then the specimens were loaded again until failure point. The result showed that pre-damage level and AFRP strengthening have great influence on the ultimate strength and failure mode. In addition, the results obtained from experimental tests were compared with those from numerical validation with ANSYS and showed good agreement. Based on ACI guidelines, an analytical equation for calculating the shear strength of strengthened RC beams with openings subjected to pre-damage was then proposed, and the calculated results were compared with those from the tests, with differences not exceeding 10%.Experimental study on the behavior of pre-loaded reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams with openings strengthened with FRP sheets
Bashir H. Osman
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Recently, the repairing of reinforced concrete (RC) structures attracted great research attentions, but the research interests were mainly concentrated on common repairing types. To this end, in this paper, a repairing of pre-loaded RC beams strengthened by aramid reinforcement polymers (AFRP) is presented. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of pre-loaded RC Deep beams under sustained load. The AFRP has many advantages such as controlling stresses distribution around the openings, controlling failure modes, and enhancing the structural capacity of pre-cracked RC beams.

Four specimens were experimentally tested: one specimen without strengthening, which is considered as control specimen, one strengthened specimen using AFRP without pre-cracking and two specimens subjected to pre-cracking load before prior to AFRP application. Furthermore, after validation of experimental data by using ANSYS software, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-damage level on shear capacity of RC beams. For pre-cracked beams, loading was first applied until the cracking stage, followed by specimen repairing with epoxy injection, and then the specimens were loaded again until failure point.

The result showed that pre-damage level and AFRP strengthening have great influence on the ultimate strength and failure mode. In addition, the results obtained from experimental tests were compared with those from numerical validation with ANSYS and showed good agreement.

Based on ACI guidelines, an analytical equation for calculating the shear strength of strengthened RC beams with openings subjected to pre-damage was then proposed, and the calculated results were compared with those from the tests, with differences not exceeding 10%.

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Experimental study on the behavior of pre-loaded reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams with openings strengthened with FRP sheets10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0307World Journal of Engineering2024-01-16© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedBashir H. OsmanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1610.1108/WJE-08-2023-0307https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0307/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Evaluation of single particle morphological characteristics and human health risks in different functional areashttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0310/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to better understand the morphological characteristics of single particle and the health risk characteristics of heavy metals in PM2.5 in different functional areas of Handan City. High resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the aerosol samples collected from different functional areas of Handan City. The morphology and size distribution of the particles collected on hazy and clear days were compared. The health risk evaluation model was applied to evaluate the hazardous effects of particles on human health in different functional areas on hazy days. The results show that the particulate matter in different functional areas is dominated by spherical particles in different weather conditions. In particular, the proportion of spherical particles exceeds 70% on the haze day, and the percentage of soot aggregates increases significantly on the clear day. The percentage of each type of particle in the teaching and living areas varied less under different weather conditions. Except for the industrial area, the size distribution of each type of particle in haze samples is larger than that on the clear day. Spherical particles contribute more to the small particle size segment. Soot aggregate and other shaped particles contribute more to the large size segment. The mass concentrations of hazardous elements (HEs) in PM2.5 in different functional areas on consecutive haze pollution days were illustrated as industrial area > traffic area > living area > teaching area. Compared with the other functional areas, the teaching area had the lowest noncarcinogenic risk of HEs. The lifetime carcinogenic risk values of Cr and As elements in each functional area have exceeded residents’ threshold levels and are at high risk of carcinogenicity. Among the four functional areas, the industrial area has the highest carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks. But the effects of HEs on human health in the other functional areas should also be taken seriously and continuously controlled. The significance of the study is to further understand the morphological characteristics of single particles and the health risks of heavy metals in different functional areas of Handan City. the authors hope to provide a reference for other coal-burning industrial cities to develop plans to improve air quality and human respiratory health.Evaluation of single particle morphological characteristics and human health risks in different functional areas
Hongya Niu, Chunmiao Wu, Xinyi Ma, Xiaoteng Ji, Yuting Tian, Jinxi Wang
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to better understand the morphological characteristics of single particle and the health risk characteristics of heavy metals in PM2.5 in different functional areas of Handan City.

High resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the aerosol samples collected from different functional areas of Handan City. The morphology and size distribution of the particles collected on hazy and clear days were compared. The health risk evaluation model was applied to evaluate the hazardous effects of particles on human health in different functional areas on hazy days.

The results show that the particulate matter in different functional areas is dominated by spherical particles in different weather conditions. In particular, the proportion of spherical particles exceeds 70% on the haze day, and the percentage of soot aggregates increases significantly on the clear day. The percentage of each type of particle in the teaching and living areas varied less under different weather conditions. Except for the industrial area, the size distribution of each type of particle in haze samples is larger than that on the clear day. Spherical particles contribute more to the small particle size segment. Soot aggregate and other shaped particles contribute more to the large size segment. The mass concentrations of hazardous elements (HEs) in PM2.5 in different functional areas on consecutive haze pollution days were illustrated as industrial area > traffic area > living area > teaching area. Compared with the other functional areas, the teaching area had the lowest noncarcinogenic risk of HEs. The lifetime carcinogenic risk values of Cr and As elements in each functional area have exceeded residents’ threshold levels and are at high risk of carcinogenicity. Among the four functional areas, the industrial area has the highest carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks. But the effects of HEs on human health in the other functional areas should also be taken seriously and continuously controlled.

The significance of the study is to further understand the morphological characteristics of single particles and the health risks of heavy metals in different functional areas of Handan City. the authors hope to provide a reference for other coal-burning industrial cities to develop plans to improve air quality and human respiratory health.

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Evaluation of single particle morphological characteristics and human health risks in different functional areas10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0310World Journal of Engineering2024-01-01© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedHongya NiuChunmiao WuXinyi MaXiaoteng JiYuting TianJinxi WangWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-0110.1108/WJE-08-2023-0310https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0310/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modal and stress behavioral for CFRP composite lifting lughttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0312/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIn the present study, a steel lifting lug is replaced with a composite (carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy [CFRP]) lifting lug made of a carbon/epoxy composite. The purpose of this paper was to obtain a composite lifting lug with a higher level of strength that is capable of carrying loads without failure. The vibration and static behaviors of steel and composite lifting lugs have been investigated using finite element analysis (FEA), ANSYS software. The main consideration in the design of the composite (CFRP) lifting lug was that the displacement of both steel and composite lugs was the same under the same load. Hence, by using the FEA displacement result of the steel lifting lug, the thickness of the composite lifting lug is determined using FEA. Compared to the steel lifting lug, the composite (CFRP) lifting lug has much lower stresses and much higher natural frequencies. Static behavior was experienced by the composite lifting lug, showing a reduction in von Mises stress, third principal stress and XZ shear stress, respectively, by 48.4%, 34.6% and 89.8%, respectively, when compared with the steel lifting lug. A higher natural frequency of mode shape swaying in X (258.976√1,000 Hz) was experienced by the composite lifting lug when compared to the steel lifting lug (195.935√1,000 Hz). The safe strength of the design composite lifting lug has been proven by FEA results, which showed that the composite (CFRP) lifting lug has a higher factor of safety in all developed stresses than the steel lifting lug. According to von Mises stress, the factor of safety of the composite lifting lug is increased by 76% when compared to the steel lifting lug. The von Mises stress at the edge of the hole in the composite lifting lug is reduced from 23.763 MPa to 20.775 MPa when compared to the steel lifting lug. This work presents the designed composite (CFRP) lifting lug, which will be able to carry loads with more safety than a steel one.Modal and stress behavioral for CFRP composite lifting lug
Ehab Samir Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

In the present study, a steel lifting lug is replaced with a composite (carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy [CFRP]) lifting lug made of a carbon/epoxy composite. The purpose of this paper was to obtain a composite lifting lug with a higher level of strength that is capable of carrying loads without failure.

The vibration and static behaviors of steel and composite lifting lugs have been investigated using finite element analysis (FEA), ANSYS software. The main consideration in the design of the composite (CFRP) lifting lug was that the displacement of both steel and composite lugs was the same under the same load. Hence, by using the FEA displacement result of the steel lifting lug, the thickness of the composite lifting lug is determined using FEA.

Compared to the steel lifting lug, the composite (CFRP) lifting lug has much lower stresses and much higher natural frequencies. Static behavior was experienced by the composite lifting lug, showing a reduction in von Mises stress, third principal stress and XZ shear stress, respectively, by 48.4%, 34.6% and 89.8%, respectively, when compared with the steel lifting lug. A higher natural frequency of mode shape swaying in X (258.976√1,000 Hz) was experienced by the composite lifting lug when compared to the steel lifting lug (195.935√1,000 Hz). The safe strength of the design composite lifting lug has been proven by FEA results, which showed that the composite (CFRP) lifting lug has a higher factor of safety in all developed stresses than the steel lifting lug. According to von Mises stress, the factor of safety of the composite lifting lug is increased by 76% when compared to the steel lifting lug. The von Mises stress at the edge of the hole in the composite lifting lug is reduced from 23.763 MPa to 20.775 MPa when compared to the steel lifting lug.

This work presents the designed composite (CFRP) lifting lug, which will be able to carry loads with more safety than a steel one.

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Modal and stress behavioral for CFRP composite lifting lug10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0312World Journal of Engineering2024-02-13© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedEhab Samir Mohamed Mohamed SolimanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1310.1108/WJE-08-2023-0312https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0312/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Finite element investigation on the post-fire behavior of reinforced composite NSC-HPC slabshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0320/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestEven though it is widely used, reinforced concrete (RC) is susceptible to damage from various environmental factors. The hazard of a fire attack is particularly severe because it may cause the whole structure to collapse. Furthermore, repairing and strengthening existing structures with high-performance concrete (HPC) has become essential from both technical and financial points of view. In particular, studying the postfire behavior of HPC with normal strength concrete substrate requires experimental and numerical investigations. Accordingly, this study aims to numerically investigate the post-fire behavior of reinforced composite RC slabs. Consequently, in this study, a numerical analysis was carried out to ascertain the flexural behavior of simply supported RC slabs strengthened with HPC and exposed to a particularly high temperature of 600°C for 2 h. This behavior was investigated and analyzed in the presence of a number of parameters, such as HPC types (fiber-reinforced, 0.5% steel, polypropylene fibers [PPF], hybrid fibers), strengthening side (tension or compression), strengthening layer thickness, slab thickness, boundary conditions, reinforcement ratio and yield strength of reinforcement. The results showed that traction-separation and full-bond models can achieve accuracy compared with experimental results. Also, the fiber type significantly affects the postfire performance of RC slab strengthened with HPC, where the inclusion of hybrid fiber recorded the highest ultimate load. While adding PPF to HPC showed a rapid decrease in the load-deflection curve after reaching the ultimate load. The proposed model accurately predicted the thermomechanical behavior of RC slabs strengthened with HPC after being exposed to the fire regarding load-deflection response, crack pattern and failure mode. Moreover, the considered independent parametric variables significantly affect the composite slabs’ behavior.Finite element investigation on the post-fire behavior of reinforced composite NSC-HPC slabs
Nagat Zalhaf, Mariam Ghazy, Metwali Abdelatty, Mohamed Hamed Zakaria
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Even though it is widely used, reinforced concrete (RC) is susceptible to damage from various environmental factors. The hazard of a fire attack is particularly severe because it may cause the whole structure to collapse. Furthermore, repairing and strengthening existing structures with high-performance concrete (HPC) has become essential from both technical and financial points of view. In particular, studying the postfire behavior of HPC with normal strength concrete substrate requires experimental and numerical investigations. Accordingly, this study aims to numerically investigate the post-fire behavior of reinforced composite RC slabs.

Consequently, in this study, a numerical analysis was carried out to ascertain the flexural behavior of simply supported RC slabs strengthened with HPC and exposed to a particularly high temperature of 600°C for 2 h. This behavior was investigated and analyzed in the presence of a number of parameters, such as HPC types (fiber-reinforced, 0.5% steel, polypropylene fibers [PPF], hybrid fibers), strengthening side (tension or compression), strengthening layer thickness, slab thickness, boundary conditions, reinforcement ratio and yield strength of reinforcement.

The results showed that traction-separation and full-bond models can achieve accuracy compared with experimental results. Also, the fiber type significantly affects the postfire performance of RC slab strengthened with HPC, where the inclusion of hybrid fiber recorded the highest ultimate load. While adding PPF to HPC showed a rapid decrease in the load-deflection curve after reaching the ultimate load.

The proposed model accurately predicted the thermomechanical behavior of RC slabs strengthened with HPC after being exposed to the fire regarding load-deflection response, crack pattern and failure mode. Moreover, the considered independent parametric variables significantly affect the composite slabs’ behavior.

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Finite element investigation on the post-fire behavior of reinforced composite NSC-HPC slabs10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0320World Journal of Engineering2023-12-21© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedNagat ZalhafMariam GhazyMetwali AbdelattyMohamed Hamed ZakariaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-2110.1108/WJE-08-2023-0320https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-08-2023-0320/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Numerical scrutinization of micropolar and Walters-B non-Newtonian fluids motion under the influence of thermal radiation and chemical reactionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0365/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to explore numerical scrutinization of micropolar and Walters-B non-Newtonian fluids motion under the influence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction. The two fluids micropolar and Walters-B liquid are considered to start flowing from the slot to the stretching sheet. A magnetic field of constant strength is imposed on their flow transversely. The problems on heat and mass transport are set up with thermal, chemical reaction, heat generation, etc. to form partial differential equations. These equations were simplified into a dimensionless form and solved using spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM). SHAM uses the basic concept of both Chebyshev pseudospectral method and homotopy analysis method to obtain numerical computations of the problem. The outcomes for encountered flow parameters for temperature, velocity and concentration are presented with the aid of figures. It is observed that both the velocity and angular velocity of micropolar and Walters-B and thermal boundary layers increase with increase in the thermal radiation parameter. The decrease in velocity and decrease in angular velocity occurred are a result of increase in chemical reaction. It is hoped that the present study will enhance the understanding of boundary layer flow of micropolar and Walters-B non-Newtonian fluid under the influences of thermal radiation, thermal conductivity and chemical reaction as applied in various engineering processes. All results are presented graphically and all physical quantities are computed and tabulated.Numerical scrutinization of micropolar and Walters-B non-Newtonian fluids motion under the influence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction
Florence Dami Ayegbusi, Emile Franc Doungmo Goufo, Patrick Tchepmo
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to explore numerical scrutinization of micropolar and Walters-B non-Newtonian fluids motion under the influence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction.

The two fluids micropolar and Walters-B liquid are considered to start flowing from the slot to the stretching sheet. A magnetic field of constant strength is imposed on their flow transversely. The problems on heat and mass transport are set up with thermal, chemical reaction, heat generation, etc. to form partial differential equations. These equations were simplified into a dimensionless form and solved using spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM). SHAM uses the basic concept of both Chebyshev pseudospectral method and homotopy analysis method to obtain numerical computations of the problem.

The outcomes for encountered flow parameters for temperature, velocity and concentration are presented with the aid of figures. It is observed that both the velocity and angular velocity of micropolar and Walters-B and thermal boundary layers increase with increase in the thermal radiation parameter. The decrease in velocity and decrease in angular velocity occurred are a result of increase in chemical reaction. It is hoped that the present study will enhance the understanding of boundary layer flow of micropolar and Walters-B non-Newtonian fluid under the influences of thermal radiation, thermal conductivity and chemical reaction as applied in various engineering processes.

All results are presented graphically and all physical quantities are computed and tabulated.

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Numerical scrutinization of micropolar and Walters-B non-Newtonian fluids motion under the influence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0365World Journal of Engineering2023-03-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedFlorence Dami AyegbusiEmile Franc Doungmo GoufoPatrick TchepmoWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-03-1410.1108/WJE-09-2022-0365https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0365/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Behavior of partial-length stiffened and full-length stiffened CFDST columns under axial loadhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0370/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestConcrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) columns are considered one of the most effective steel-concrete composite sections owing to the higher load carrying capacity as compared to its counterpart concrete-filled tube (CFT) columns. This paper aims to numerically investigate the performance of axially loaded, circular CFDST short columns, with the innovative strengthening technique of providing stiffeners in outer tubes. Circular steel hollow sections have been adopted for inner as well as outer tubes, while varying the length of rectangular steel stiffeners, fixed inside the outer tubes only, to check the effect of stiffeners in partially and full-length stiffened CFDST columns. The behaviour of these CFDST columns is investigated numerically by using a verified finite element analysis (FEA) model from the ABAQUS. The behaviour of 20-unstiffened, 80-partially stiffened and 20-full-length stiffened CFDST columns is studied, while varying the strength of steel (fyo = 250–750 MPa) and concrete (30–90 MPa). The FEA results are verified by comparing them with the previous test results. FEA study has exhibited that, there is a 7%–25% and 39%–49% increase in peak-loads in partially stiffened and full-length stiffened CFDST columns, respectively, compared to unstiffened CFDST columns. Enhanced strength has been observed in partially stiffened and full-length stiffened CFDST columns as compared to unstiffened CFDST columns. Also, a significant effect of strength of concrete has not been observed as compared to the strength of steel.Behavior of partial-length stiffened and full-length stiffened CFDST columns under axial load
Aamir Hassan, Javed Ahmad Bhat
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Concrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) columns are considered one of the most effective steel-concrete composite sections owing to the higher load carrying capacity as compared to its counterpart concrete-filled tube (CFT) columns. This paper aims to numerically investigate the performance of axially loaded, circular CFDST short columns, with the innovative strengthening technique of providing stiffeners in outer tubes. Circular steel hollow sections have been adopted for inner as well as outer tubes, while varying the length of rectangular steel stiffeners, fixed inside the outer tubes only, to check the effect of stiffeners in partially and full-length stiffened CFDST columns.

The behaviour of these CFDST columns is investigated numerically by using a verified finite element analysis (FEA) model from the ABAQUS. The behaviour of 20-unstiffened, 80-partially stiffened and 20-full-length stiffened CFDST columns is studied, while varying the strength of steel (fyo = 250–750 MPa) and concrete (30–90 MPa).

The FEA results are verified by comparing them with the previous test results. FEA study has exhibited that, there is a 7%–25% and 39%–49% increase in peak-loads in partially stiffened and full-length stiffened CFDST columns, respectively, compared to unstiffened CFDST columns.

Enhanced strength has been observed in partially stiffened and full-length stiffened CFDST columns as compared to unstiffened CFDST columns. Also, a significant effect of strength of concrete has not been observed as compared to the strength of steel.

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Behavior of partial-length stiffened and full-length stiffened CFDST columns under axial load10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0370World Journal of Engineering2023-03-02© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAamir HassanJaved Ahmad BhatWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-03-0210.1108/WJE-09-2022-0370https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0370/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modelling of the effects of luminaire installation geometries and other factors on road illumination system photometric parameters and energy efficiencyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0372/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestProperly planned road illumination systems are collectively a public wealth and the commissioning of such systems may require extensive planning, simulation and testing. The purpose of this simulative work is to offer a simple approach to facilitate luminance-based road lighting calculations that can be easier to comprehend and apply to practical designing problems when compared to complex multi-objective algorithms and other convoluted simulative techniques. Road illumination systems were photometrically simulated with a created model in a validated software platform for specified system design configurations involving high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with the simulatively obtained data set to propound a linear model of estimating average luminance, overall uniformity of luminance and energy efficiency of lighting installations, and the simulatively obtained data set was used to explore luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics for common geometric design configurations involving HPS and LED luminaires, and four categories of road surfaces. The six linear equations of the propounded linear model were found to be well-fitted with their corresponding observation sets. Moreover, it was found that the luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics were well-fitted with linear trendlines and the increment in road surface average luminance level per watt increment of luminaire power was marginally higher for LEDs. This neoteric approach of estimating road surface luminance parameters and energy efficiency of lighting installations, and the compendia of luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics offer new insights that can prove to be very useful for practical purposes.Modelling of the effects of luminaire installation geometries and other factors on road illumination system photometric parameters and energy efficiency
Sourin Bhattacharya, Sanjib Majumder, Subarna Roy
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Properly planned road illumination systems are collectively a public wealth and the commissioning of such systems may require extensive planning, simulation and testing. The purpose of this simulative work is to offer a simple approach to facilitate luminance-based road lighting calculations that can be easier to comprehend and apply to practical designing problems when compared to complex multi-objective algorithms and other convoluted simulative techniques.

Road illumination systems were photometrically simulated with a created model in a validated software platform for specified system design configurations involving high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with the simulatively obtained data set to propound a linear model of estimating average luminance, overall uniformity of luminance and energy efficiency of lighting installations, and the simulatively obtained data set was used to explore luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics for common geometric design configurations involving HPS and LED luminaires, and four categories of road surfaces.

The six linear equations of the propounded linear model were found to be well-fitted with their corresponding observation sets. Moreover, it was found that the luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics were well-fitted with linear trendlines and the increment in road surface average luminance level per watt increment of luminaire power was marginally higher for LEDs.

This neoteric approach of estimating road surface luminance parameters and energy efficiency of lighting installations, and the compendia of luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics offer new insights that can prove to be very useful for practical purposes.

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Modelling of the effects of luminaire installation geometries and other factors on road illumination system photometric parameters and energy efficiency10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0372World Journal of Engineering2023-01-05© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedSourin BhattacharyaSanjib MajumderSubarna RoyWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-01-0510.1108/WJE-09-2022-0372https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0372/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Numerical investigation on the effect of pressurization scenarios on the deformation behaviours and operating volume of a four-chambered soft actuatorhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0391/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSoft actuators using pneumatic-chamber (PneuNet)-based designs have been of interest in the area of soft robotics with scope of application in the area of biomedical assistance and smart agriculture. Researchers have attempted to investigate multiple chambers in parallel to examine their deformation characteristics. However, there is a lacuna for investigation of the deformation characteristics of four parallel chambered soft actuators. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the different possible actuation scenarios and the resulting bending/deformation behaviours. Therefore, in this study, a four-chambered PneuNet actuator is numerically investigated to evaluate the effects of pressurization scenarios and pressure levels on its performance, operating reaching and working volume. The results of this study revealed that two-adjacent chamber equal pressurization and three-chamber pressurizations result in increased bending. However, two-opposite chamber pressurization reduces the bending angle with pressure levels in the lower pressure chamber. The maximum bending angle of 97° was achieved for single-chamber pressurization of 300 kPa. The two-adjacent chamber unequal pressurization can achieve a sweeping motion in the actuator along with bending. The working volume and reaching capability analysis revealed that the actuator can reach around 71% of the dimensional operating space. The results provide fundamental guidance on the output nature of motion which can be obtained under different pressurization scenarios using the four-chambered design soft actuator, thereby making it a practical guide for implementation for useful applications. The comprehensive pressurization scenarios and pressure level variations reported in this study will serve as fundamental operating guidelines for any practical implementation of the four-chambered PneuNet actuator.Numerical investigation on the effect of pressurization scenarios on the deformation behaviours and operating volume of a four-chambered soft actuator
Deepak Doreswamy, Abhijay B.R., Jeane Marina D’Souza, Sachidananda H.K., Subraya Krishna Bhat
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Soft actuators using pneumatic-chamber (PneuNet)-based designs have been of interest in the area of soft robotics with scope of application in the area of biomedical assistance and smart agriculture. Researchers have attempted to investigate multiple chambers in parallel to examine their deformation characteristics. However, there is a lacuna for investigation of the deformation characteristics of four parallel chambered soft actuators. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the different possible actuation scenarios and the resulting bending/deformation behaviours.

Therefore, in this study, a four-chambered PneuNet actuator is numerically investigated to evaluate the effects of pressurization scenarios and pressure levels on its performance, operating reaching and working volume.

The results of this study revealed that two-adjacent chamber equal pressurization and three-chamber pressurizations result in increased bending. However, two-opposite chamber pressurization reduces the bending angle with pressure levels in the lower pressure chamber. The maximum bending angle of 97° was achieved for single-chamber pressurization of 300 kPa. The two-adjacent chamber unequal pressurization can achieve a sweeping motion in the actuator along with bending. The working volume and reaching capability analysis revealed that the actuator can reach around 71% of the dimensional operating space.

The results provide fundamental guidance on the output nature of motion which can be obtained under different pressurization scenarios using the four-chambered design soft actuator, thereby making it a practical guide for implementation for useful applications.

The comprehensive pressurization scenarios and pressure level variations reported in this study will serve as fundamental operating guidelines for any practical implementation of the four-chambered PneuNet actuator.

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Numerical investigation on the effect of pressurization scenarios on the deformation behaviours and operating volume of a four-chambered soft actuator10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0391World Journal of Engineering2023-04-28© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedDeepak DoreswamyAbhijay B.R.Jeane Marina D’SouzaSachidananda H.K.Subraya Krishna BhatWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-2810.1108/WJE-09-2022-0391https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0391/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Application of GIS and remote sensing in mineral exploration: current and future perspectiveshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0395/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to give an oversight of what is being done by researchers in GIS and remote sensing (field) to explore minerals. The main objective of this review is to explore how GIS and remote sensing have been beneficial in identifying mineral deposits for easier and cost-effective mining. The approach of this research used Web of Science to generate a database of published articles on the application of GIS and remote sensing techniques for mineral exploration. The literature was further digested, noting the main findings, adopted method, illustration and research scales. When applied alone, each technique seems effective, but it is important to know that combining different methods is more effective in identifying ore deposits. This paper also examined and provided possible solutions to both current and future perspective issues relating to the application of GIS and remote sensing to mineral exploration. The authors believe that the conclusions and recommendations drawn from case studies and literature review will be of great importance to geoscientists and policymakers.Application of GIS and remote sensing in mineral exploration: current and future perspectives
Mathew Gregory Tagwai, Onimisi Abdullateef Jimoh, Shaib Abdulazeez Shehu, Hareyani Zabidi
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to give an oversight of what is being done by researchers in GIS and remote sensing (field) to explore minerals. The main objective of this review is to explore how GIS and remote sensing have been beneficial in identifying mineral deposits for easier and cost-effective mining.

The approach of this research used Web of Science to generate a database of published articles on the application of GIS and remote sensing techniques for mineral exploration. The literature was further digested, noting the main findings, adopted method, illustration and research scales.

When applied alone, each technique seems effective, but it is important to know that combining different methods is more effective in identifying ore deposits.

This paper also examined and provided possible solutions to both current and future perspective issues relating to the application of GIS and remote sensing to mineral exploration. The authors believe that the conclusions and recommendations drawn from case studies and literature review will be of great importance to geoscientists and policymakers.

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Application of GIS and remote sensing in mineral exploration: current and future perspectives10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0395World Journal of Engineering2023-03-07© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMathew Gregory TagwaiOnimisi Abdullateef JimohShaib Abdulazeez ShehuHareyani ZabidiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-03-0710.1108/WJE-09-2022-0395https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2022-0395/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Behavior of elastohydrodynamic lubricating film point contact problems in the unsteady state of reciprocating motionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0321/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIn this study a numerical analysis of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication point contact problem in the unsteady state of reciprocating motion is presented. The effects of frequency, stroke length and load on film thickness and pressure variation during one operating cycle are discussed. The general tribological behavior of elastohydrodynamic lubrication during reciprocating motion is explained. The system of equations of Reynolds, film thickness considering surface deformation and load balance equations are solved using the Newton-Raphson technique with the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Numerical solutions were performed with a sinusoidal contact surface velocity to simulate reciprocating elastohydrodynamics. The methodology is validated using historical experimental measurements/observations and numerical predictions from other researchers. The numerical results showed that the change in oil film during a stroke is controlled by both wedge and squeeze effects. When the surface velocity is zero at the stroke end, the squeeze effect is most noticeable. As the frequency increases, the general trend of central and minimum film thickness increases. With the same entraining speed but different stroke lengths, the properties of the oil film differ from one another, with an increase in stroke length leading to a reduction in film thickness. Finally, the numerical results showed that the overall film thickness decreases with increasing load. General tribological behaviors of elastohydrodynamic lubricating point contact, represented by pressure and film thickness variations over time and profiles, are analyzed under reciprocating motion during one working cycle to show the effects of frequency, stroke length and applied load.Behavior of elastohydrodynamic lubricating film point contact problems in the unsteady state of reciprocating motion
Mohamed Abd Alsamieh
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

In this study a numerical analysis of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication point contact problem in the unsteady state of reciprocating motion is presented. The effects of frequency, stroke length and load on film thickness and pressure variation during one operating cycle are discussed. The general tribological behavior of elastohydrodynamic lubrication during reciprocating motion is explained.

The system of equations of Reynolds, film thickness considering surface deformation and load balance equations are solved using the Newton-Raphson technique with the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Numerical solutions were performed with a sinusoidal contact surface velocity to simulate reciprocating elastohydrodynamics. The methodology is validated using historical experimental measurements/observations and numerical predictions from other researchers.

The numerical results showed that the change in oil film during a stroke is controlled by both wedge and squeeze effects. When the surface velocity is zero at the stroke end, the squeeze effect is most noticeable. As the frequency increases, the general trend of central and minimum film thickness increases. With the same entraining speed but different stroke lengths, the properties of the oil film differ from one another, with an increase in stroke length leading to a reduction in film thickness. Finally, the numerical results showed that the overall film thickness decreases with increasing load.

General tribological behaviors of elastohydrodynamic lubricating point contact, represented by pressure and film thickness variations over time and profiles, are analyzed under reciprocating motion during one working cycle to show the effects of frequency, stroke length and applied load.

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Behavior of elastohydrodynamic lubricating film point contact problems in the unsteady state of reciprocating motion10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0321World Journal of Engineering2024-01-16© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohamed Abd AlsamiehWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1610.1108/WJE-09-2023-0321https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0321/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Adoption of drone technology in construction – a study on interaction between various challengeshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0337/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of the paper is to analyse the sequence of forces acting as barriers in the usage of drones in the construction industry using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). The usage of drones in the construction industry is brought out phase-wise with the help of literature and live cases. Barriers to the usage of drones in construction and steps to derive the interaction between them are described in detail. The extraction of barriers to the usage of drones in construction is done through cases and supported by the literature. The identification of the interaction between the barriers is done through multi-criteria decision models, namely, ISM and Matriced Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquee a un Classement (MICMAC) and the results are presented in the form of a hierarchical structure. The paper highlights the potential for the usage of drones in every phase of construction across three stages of construction and eight different applications. The findings on the interaction between barriers show that technical and research and development-related barriers have a higher driving power, ultimately influencing negativity among stakeholders in drone usage for construction. By analysing interrelationships between barriers, management can frame suitable strategies to adopt drone usage in projects. Awareness about the strength of certain barriers can help management take steps to mitigate the same. By analysing interrelationships between barriers, management can frame suitable strategies to adopt drone usage in projects. A major limitation is a restriction of the study area to the Indian subcontinent. However, the authors believe that the results can be applied across countries where drone technology is at the nascent stage. Awareness about the strength of certain barriers can help stakeholders take steps to mitigate the same. The results of this research also give some inputs to the government’s drone policy for wider usage of drones in the construction industry. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, most studies on drones in construction industry bring out a list various challenges to their adoption. In this study, the authors have gone further to perform a hierarchical sequencing of barriers to drone adoption based on challenges faced in an emerging economy like India.Adoption of drone technology in construction – a study on interaction between various challenges
Srividhya Raju Sridharan, Sagar Malsane, Govinda Shashikant Bhutada
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the sequence of forces acting as barriers in the usage of drones in the construction industry using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). The usage of drones in the construction industry is brought out phase-wise with the help of literature and live cases. Barriers to the usage of drones in construction and steps to derive the interaction between them are described in detail.

The extraction of barriers to the usage of drones in construction is done through cases and supported by the literature. The identification of the interaction between the barriers is done through multi-criteria decision models, namely, ISM and Matriced Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquee a un Classement (MICMAC) and the results are presented in the form of a hierarchical structure. The paper highlights the potential for the usage of drones in every phase of construction across three stages of construction and eight different applications.

The findings on the interaction between barriers show that technical and research and development-related barriers have a higher driving power, ultimately influencing negativity among stakeholders in drone usage for construction. By analysing interrelationships between barriers, management can frame suitable strategies to adopt drone usage in projects. Awareness about the strength of certain barriers can help management take steps to mitigate the same.

By analysing interrelationships between barriers, management can frame suitable strategies to adopt drone usage in projects. A major limitation is a restriction of the study area to the Indian subcontinent. However, the authors believe that the results can be applied across countries where drone technology is at the nascent stage.

Awareness about the strength of certain barriers can help stakeholders take steps to mitigate the same.

The results of this research also give some inputs to the government’s drone policy for wider usage of drones in the construction industry.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, most studies on drones in construction industry bring out a list various challenges to their adoption. In this study, the authors have gone further to perform a hierarchical sequencing of barriers to drone adoption based on challenges faced in an emerging economy like India.

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Adoption of drone technology in construction – a study on interaction between various challenges10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0337World Journal of Engineering2024-01-09© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSrividhya Raju SridharanSagar MalsaneGovinda Shashikant BhutadaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-0910.1108/WJE-09-2023-0337https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0337/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
A review of experimental investigations to attain productive and sustainable micro-electrical discharge machining process on metals and superalloyshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0340/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to understand the current production scenario emphasizing the significance of green manufacturing in achieving economic and environmental sustainability goals to fulfil future needs; to determine the viability of particular strategies and actions performed to increase the process efficiency of electrical discharge machining; and to uphold the values of sustainability in the nonconventional manufacturing sector and to identify future works in this regard. A thorough analysis of numerous experimental studies and findings is conducted. This prominent nontraditional machining process’s potential machinability and sustainability challenges are discussed, along with the current research to alleviate them. The focus is placed on modifications to the dielectric fluid, choosing affordable substitutes and treating consumable tool electrodes. Trans-esterified vegetable oils, which are biodegradable and can be used as a substitute for conventional dielectric fluids, provide pollution-free machining with enhanced surface finish and material removal rates. Modifying the dielectric fluid with specific nanomaterials could increase the machining rate and demonstrate a decrease in machining flaws such as micropores, globules and microcracks. Tool electrodes subjected to cryogenic treatment have shown reduced tool metal consumption and downtime for the setup. The findings suggested eco-friendly machining techniques and optimized control settings that reduce energy consumption, lowering operating expenses and carbon footprints. Using eco-friendly dielectrics, including vegetable oils or biodegradable dielectric fluids, might lessen the adverse effects of the electrical discharge machine operations on the environment. Adopting sustainable practices might enhance a business’s reputation with the public, shareholders and clients because sustainability is becoming increasingly significant across various industries. A detailed general review of green nontraditional electrical discharge machining process is provided, from high-quality indexed journals. The findings and results contemplated in this review paper can lead the research community to collectively apply it in sustainable techniques to enhance machinability and reduce environmental effects.A review of experimental investigations to attain productive and sustainable micro-electrical discharge machining process on metals and superalloys
Nivin Vincent, Franklin Robert John
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to understand the current production scenario emphasizing the significance of green manufacturing in achieving economic and environmental sustainability goals to fulfil future needs; to determine the viability of particular strategies and actions performed to increase the process efficiency of electrical discharge machining; and to uphold the values of sustainability in the nonconventional manufacturing sector and to identify future works in this regard.

A thorough analysis of numerous experimental studies and findings is conducted. This prominent nontraditional machining process’s potential machinability and sustainability challenges are discussed, along with the current research to alleviate them. The focus is placed on modifications to the dielectric fluid, choosing affordable substitutes and treating consumable tool electrodes.

Trans-esterified vegetable oils, which are biodegradable and can be used as a substitute for conventional dielectric fluids, provide pollution-free machining with enhanced surface finish and material removal rates. Modifying the dielectric fluid with specific nanomaterials could increase the machining rate and demonstrate a decrease in machining flaws such as micropores, globules and microcracks. Tool electrodes subjected to cryogenic treatment have shown reduced tool metal consumption and downtime for the setup.

The findings suggested eco-friendly machining techniques and optimized control settings that reduce energy consumption, lowering operating expenses and carbon footprints. Using eco-friendly dielectrics, including vegetable oils or biodegradable dielectric fluids, might lessen the adverse effects of the electrical discharge machine operations on the environment. Adopting sustainable practices might enhance a business’s reputation with the public, shareholders and clients because sustainability is becoming increasingly significant across various industries.

A detailed general review of green nontraditional electrical discharge machining process is provided, from high-quality indexed journals. The findings and results contemplated in this review paper can lead the research community to collectively apply it in sustainable techniques to enhance machinability and reduce environmental effects.

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A review of experimental investigations to attain productive and sustainable micro-electrical discharge machining process on metals and superalloys10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0340World Journal of Engineering2023-12-13© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedNivin VincentFranklin Robert JohnWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-1310.1108/WJE-09-2023-0340https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0340/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Optimization and modelling of WCEDM process parameters for GZR-AA7475 HMMC using GRA and Taguchi approachhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0354/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to investigate the optimal process parameters of the wire-cut electrical discharge machining (WCEDM) for the machining of the GZR-AA7475 hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC). HMMCs are prepared with 2 Wt.% graphite and 4 Wt.% zirconium dioxide reinforced with aluminium alloy 7475 (GZR-AA7475) composite by using the stir casting method. The objective is to enhance the mechanical properties of the material while preserving its unique features. WCEDM with a 0.18 mm molybdenum wire electrode is used for machining the composite. To conduct experimental studies, a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was adopted. Input variables such as peak current (Ip), pulse-on-time (TON) and flushing pressure (PF) were used. The effect of process parameters on the output responses, such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness rate (SRR) and wire wear ratio (WWR), were investigated. The grey relational analysis (GRA) is used to obtain the optimal combination of the process parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to identify the significant process parameters affecting the output responses. Results from the current study concluded that the optimal condition for grey relational grade is obtained at TON = 105 µs, Ip = 100 A and PF = 90 kg/cm2. Peak current is the most prominent parameter influencing the MRR, whereas SRR and WRR are highly influenced by flushing pressure. Identifying the optimal process parameters in WCEDM for machining of GZR-AA7475 HMMC. ANOVA and GRA are used to obtain the optimal combination of the process parameters.Optimization and modelling of WCEDM process parameters for GZR-AA7475 HMMC using GRA and Taguchi approach
Madhavarao Singuru, Kesava Rao V.V.S., Rama Bhadri Raju Chekuri
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to investigate the optimal process parameters of the wire-cut electrical discharge machining (WCEDM) for the machining of the GZR-AA7475 hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC). HMMCs are prepared with 2 Wt.% graphite and 4 Wt.% zirconium dioxide reinforced with aluminium alloy 7475 (GZR-AA7475) composite by using the stir casting method. The objective is to enhance the mechanical properties of the material while preserving its unique features. WCEDM with a 0.18 mm molybdenum wire electrode is used for machining the composite.

To conduct experimental studies, a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was adopted. Input variables such as peak current (Ip), pulse-on-time (TON) and flushing pressure (PF) were used. The effect of process parameters on the output responses, such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness rate (SRR) and wire wear ratio (WWR), were investigated. The grey relational analysis (GRA) is used to obtain the optimal combination of the process parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to identify the significant process parameters affecting the output responses.

Results from the current study concluded that the optimal condition for grey relational grade is obtained at TON = 105 µs, Ip = 100 A and PF = 90 kg/cm2. Peak current is the most prominent parameter influencing the MRR, whereas SRR and WRR are highly influenced by flushing pressure.

Identifying the optimal process parameters in WCEDM for machining of GZR-AA7475 HMMC. ANOVA and GRA are used to obtain the optimal combination of the process parameters.

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Optimization and modelling of WCEDM process parameters for GZR-AA7475 HMMC using GRA and Taguchi approach10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0354World Journal of Engineering2024-02-26© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMadhavarao SinguruKesava Rao V.V.S.Rama Bhadri Raju ChekuriWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2610.1108/WJE-09-2023-0354https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0354/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Characterizing the behavior of blended concrete incorporating metakaolin and quarry dust: an experimental investigationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0360/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to characterize the behavior of blended concrete, including metakaolin (MK) and quarry dust (QD), as supplementary cementing materials. The study focuses on evaluating the effects of these materials on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. MK, a pozzolanic material, and QD, a fine aggregate by-product, are potentially sustainable alternatives for enhancing concrete performance and reducing environmental impact. The addition of different percentages of MK enhances the pozzolanic reaction, resulting in improved strength development. Furthermore, the optimum dosage of MK, mixed with QD, and mechanical properties like compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete were evaluated to investigate the synergetic effect of MK and quarry dust for M20-grade concrete. The results reveal the influence of metakaolin and QD on the overall performance of blended concrete. Cost analysis showed that the optimum mix can reduce the 7%–8% overall cost of the materials for M20-grade concrete. Energy analysis showed that the optimum mix can reduce 7%–8% energy consumption. The effective utilization is determined with the help of the analytical hierarchy process method to find an optimal solution among the selected criteria. According to the AHP analysis, the optimum content of MK and quarry dust is 12% and 16%, respectively, performing best among all other trial mixes.Characterizing the behavior of blended concrete incorporating metakaolin and quarry dust: an experimental investigation
Nilesh R. Parmar, Sanjay R. Salla, Hariom P. Khungar, B. Kondraivendhan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to characterize the behavior of blended concrete, including metakaolin (MK) and quarry dust (QD), as supplementary cementing materials. The study focuses on evaluating the effects of these materials on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete.

MK, a pozzolanic material, and QD, a fine aggregate by-product, are potentially sustainable alternatives for enhancing concrete performance and reducing environmental impact. The addition of different percentages of MK enhances the pozzolanic reaction, resulting in improved strength development. Furthermore, the optimum dosage of MK, mixed with QD, and mechanical properties like compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete were evaluated to investigate the synergetic effect of MK and quarry dust for M20-grade concrete.

The results reveal the influence of metakaolin and QD on the overall performance of blended concrete. Cost analysis showed that the optimum mix can reduce the 7%–8% overall cost of the materials for M20-grade concrete. Energy analysis showed that the optimum mix can reduce 7%–8% energy consumption.

The effective utilization is determined with the help of the analytical hierarchy process method to find an optimal solution among the selected criteria. According to the AHP analysis, the optimum content of MK and quarry dust is 12% and 16%, respectively, performing best among all other trial mixes.

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Characterizing the behavior of blended concrete incorporating metakaolin and quarry dust: an experimental investigation10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0360World Journal of Engineering2024-02-02© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedNilesh R. ParmarSanjay R. SallaHariom P. KhungarB. KondraivendhanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0210.1108/WJE-09-2023-0360https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0360/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Investigation of failure behavior of glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate under fatigue loadinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0367/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to evaluate the failure behavior of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRE) laminate subjected to cyclic loading conditions. It involves experimental investigation and statistical analysis using Weibull distribution to characterize the failure behavior of the GFRE composite laminate. Fatigue tests were conducted using a tension–tension loading scheme at a frequency of 2 Hz and a loading ratio (R) of 0.1. The tests were performed at five different stress levels, corresponding to 50%–90% of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Failure behavior was assessed through cyclic stress-strain hysteresis plots, dynamic modulus behavior and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fracture surfaces. The study identified common modes of failure, including fiber pullouts, fiber breakage and matrix cracking. At low stress levels, fiber breakage, matrix cracking and fiber pullouts occurred due to high shear stresses at the fiber–matrix interface. Conversely, at high stress levels, fiber breakage and matrix cracking predominated. Higher stress levels led to larger stress-strain hysteresis loops, indicating increased energy dissipation during cyclic loading. High stress levels were associated with a more significant decrease in stiffness over time, implying a shorter fatigue life, while lower stress levels resulted in a gradual decline in stiffness, leading to extended fatigue life. This study makes a valuable contribution to understanding fatigue behavior under tension–tension loading conditions, coupled with an in-depth analysis of the failure mechanism in GFRE composite laminate at different stress levels. The fatigue behavior is scrutinized through stress-strain hysteresis plots and dynamic modulus versus normalized cycles plots. Furthermore, the characterization of the failure mechanism is enhanced by using SEM imaging of fractured specimens. The Weibull distribution approach is used to obtain a reliable estimate of fatigue life.Investigation of failure behavior of glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate under fatigue loading
Akash Gupta, Manjeet Singh
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to evaluate the failure behavior of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRE) laminate subjected to cyclic loading conditions. It involves experimental investigation and statistical analysis using Weibull distribution to characterize the failure behavior of the GFRE composite laminate.

Fatigue tests were conducted using a tension–tension loading scheme at a frequency of 2 Hz and a loading ratio (R) of 0.1. The tests were performed at five different stress levels, corresponding to 50%–90% of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Failure behavior was assessed through cyclic stress-strain hysteresis plots, dynamic modulus behavior and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fracture surfaces.

The study identified common modes of failure, including fiber pullouts, fiber breakage and matrix cracking. At low stress levels, fiber breakage, matrix cracking and fiber pullouts occurred due to high shear stresses at the fiber–matrix interface. Conversely, at high stress levels, fiber breakage and matrix cracking predominated. Higher stress levels led to larger stress-strain hysteresis loops, indicating increased energy dissipation during cyclic loading. High stress levels were associated with a more significant decrease in stiffness over time, implying a shorter fatigue life, while lower stress levels resulted in a gradual decline in stiffness, leading to extended fatigue life.

This study makes a valuable contribution to understanding fatigue behavior under tension–tension loading conditions, coupled with an in-depth analysis of the failure mechanism in GFRE composite laminate at different stress levels. The fatigue behavior is scrutinized through stress-strain hysteresis plots and dynamic modulus versus normalized cycles plots. Furthermore, the characterization of the failure mechanism is enhanced by using SEM imaging of fractured specimens. The Weibull distribution approach is used to obtain a reliable estimate of fatigue life.

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Investigation of failure behavior of glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate under fatigue loading10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0367World Journal of Engineering2023-12-20© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAkash GuptaManjeet SinghWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-2010.1108/WJE-09-2023-0367https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0367/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Design and analysis of serviceable cantilever fit snap in automotive plastic partshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0370/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSnap fits are crucial in automotive applications for rapid assembly and disassembly of mating components, eliminating the need for fasteners. This study aims to focus on designing and analyzing serviceable cantilever fit snap connections used in automobile plastic components. Snap fits are classified into permanent and semi-permanent fittings, with permanent fittings having a snap clipping angle between 0° and 5° and semi-permanent fittings having a clipping angle between 15° and 45°. Polypropylene random copolymer is chosen for its exceptional fatigue resistance and elasticity. The design process includes determining dimensions, computing assembly, disassembly pressures and creating three-dimensional computer-aided design models. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the snap-fit mechanism’s stress, deformation and general functionality in operational scenarios. The study develops a modified snap-fit mechanism with decreased bending stress and enhanced mating force optimization. The maximum bending stress during assembly is 16.80 MPa, requiring a mating force of 7.58 N, while during disassembly, it is 37.3 MPa, requiring a mating force of 16.85 N. The optimized parameters significantly improve the performance and dependability of the snap-fit mechanism. The results emphasize the need of taking into account both the assembly and disassembly processes in snap-fit design, because the research demonstrates greater forces during disassembly. The approach developed integrates FEA and design for assembly (DFA) concepts to provide a solution for improving the efficiency and reliability of snap-fit connectors in automotive applications. The research paper’s distinctiveness comes from the fact that it presents a thorough and realistic viewpoint on snap-fit design, emphasizes material selection, incorporates DFA principles and emphasizes the specific requirements of both assembly and disassembly operations. These discoveries may enhance the efficiency, reliability and sustainability of snap-fit connections in plastic automobile parts and beyond. In conclusion, the idea that disassembly needs to be done with a lot more force than installation in a snap-fit design can have a good effect on buzz, squeak and rattle and noise, vibration and harshness characteristics in automobiles.Design and analysis of serviceable cantilever fit snap in automotive plastic parts
Pavankumar Sonawane, Chandrakishor Laxman Ladekar, Ganesh Annappa Badiger, Rahul Arun Deore
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Snap fits are crucial in automotive applications for rapid assembly and disassembly of mating components, eliminating the need for fasteners. This study aims to focus on designing and analyzing serviceable cantilever fit snap connections used in automobile plastic components. Snap fits are classified into permanent and semi-permanent fittings, with permanent fittings having a snap clipping angle between 0° and 5° and semi-permanent fittings having a clipping angle between 15° and 45°. Polypropylene random copolymer is chosen for its exceptional fatigue resistance and elasticity.

The design process includes determining dimensions, computing assembly, disassembly pressures and creating three-dimensional computer-aided design models. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the snap-fit mechanism’s stress, deformation and general functionality in operational scenarios.

The study develops a modified snap-fit mechanism with decreased bending stress and enhanced mating force optimization. The maximum bending stress during assembly is 16.80 MPa, requiring a mating force of 7.58 N, while during disassembly, it is 37.3 MPa, requiring a mating force of 16.85 N. The optimized parameters significantly improve the performance and dependability of the snap-fit mechanism. The results emphasize the need of taking into account both the assembly and disassembly processes in snap-fit design, because the research demonstrates greater forces during disassembly. The approach developed integrates FEA and design for assembly (DFA) concepts to provide a solution for improving the efficiency and reliability of snap-fit connectors in automotive applications.

The research paper’s distinctiveness comes from the fact that it presents a thorough and realistic viewpoint on snap-fit design, emphasizes material selection, incorporates DFA principles and emphasizes the specific requirements of both assembly and disassembly operations. These discoveries may enhance the efficiency, reliability and sustainability of snap-fit connections in plastic automobile parts and beyond. In conclusion, the idea that disassembly needs to be done with a lot more force than installation in a snap-fit design can have a good effect on buzz, squeak and rattle and noise, vibration and harshness characteristics in automobiles.

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Design and analysis of serviceable cantilever fit snap in automotive plastic parts10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0370World Journal of Engineering2024-02-13© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedPavankumar SonawaneChandrakishor Laxman LadekarGanesh Annappa BadigerRahul Arun DeoreWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1310.1108/WJE-09-2023-0370https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0370/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Evaluation of the application of chemically adapted gourd fibre in polyester composite fabricationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0380/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestGourd fibres (GF) are a natural biodegradable fibre material with excellent mechanical properties and high tensile strength. The use of natural fibres in composite materials has gained popularity in recent years due to their various advantages, including renewability, low cost, low density and biodegradability. Gourd fibre is one such natural fibre that has been identified as a potential reinforcement material for composites. However, it has low surface energy and hydrophobic nature, which makes it difficult to bond with matrix materials such as polyester. To overcome this problem, chemically adapted gourd fibre has been proposed as a solution. Chemical treatment is one of the most widely used methods to improve the properties of natural fibres. This research evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating chemically adapted gourd fibre into polyester composites for industrial fabrication. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of chemically modified GF in the production of polyester composite engineering materials. This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of chemically adapted gourd fibre in improving the adhesion of gourd fibre with polyester resin in composite fabrication by varying the GF from 5 to 20 wt.%. The study involves the preparation of chemically treated gourd fibre through surface modification using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), permanganate (KMnO4) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) coupling agents. The mechanical properties of the modified fibre and composites were investigated. It was then characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the changes in surface morphology and functional groups. FTIR characterization showed that NaOH treatment caused cellulose depolymerization and caused a significant increase in the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, showing improved surface functional groups; KMnO4 treatment oxidized the fibre surface and caused the formation of surface oxide groups; and acetic acid treatment induced changes that primarily affected the ester and hydroxyl groups. SEM study showed that NaOH treatment changed the surface morphology of the gourd fibre, introduced voids and reduced hydrophilic tendencies. The tensile strength of the modified gourd fibres increased progressively as the concentration of the modification chemicals increased compared to the untreated fibres. This work presents the designed composite with density, mechanical properties and microstructure, showing remarkable improvements in the engineering properties. An 181.5% improvement in tensile strength and a 56.63% increase in flexural strength were got over that of the unreinforced polyester. The findings from this work will contribute to the understanding of the potential of chemically adapted gourd fibre as a reinforcement material for composites and provide insights into the development of sustainable composite materials.Evaluation of the application of chemically adapted gourd fibre in polyester composite fabrication
Ernest Mbamalu Ezeh, Ezeamaku U Luvia, Onukwuli O D
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Gourd fibres (GF) are a natural biodegradable fibre material with excellent mechanical properties and high tensile strength. The use of natural fibres in composite materials has gained popularity in recent years due to their various advantages, including renewability, low cost, low density and biodegradability. Gourd fibre is one such natural fibre that has been identified as a potential reinforcement material for composites. However, it has low surface energy and hydrophobic nature, which makes it difficult to bond with matrix materials such as polyester. To overcome this problem, chemically adapted gourd fibre has been proposed as a solution. Chemical treatment is one of the most widely used methods to improve the properties of natural fibres. This research evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating chemically adapted gourd fibre into polyester composites for industrial fabrication. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of chemically modified GF in the production of polyester composite engineering materials.

This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of chemically adapted gourd fibre in improving the adhesion of gourd fibre with polyester resin in composite fabrication by varying the GF from 5 to 20 wt.%. The study involves the preparation of chemically treated gourd fibre through surface modification using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), permanganate (KMnO4) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) coupling agents. The mechanical properties of the modified fibre and composites were investigated. It was then characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the changes in surface morphology and functional groups.

FTIR characterization showed that NaOH treatment caused cellulose depolymerization and caused a significant increase in the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, showing improved surface functional groups; KMnO4 treatment oxidized the fibre surface and caused the formation of surface oxide groups; and acetic acid treatment induced changes that primarily affected the ester and hydroxyl groups. SEM study showed that NaOH treatment changed the surface morphology of the gourd fibre, introduced voids and reduced hydrophilic tendencies. The tensile strength of the modified gourd fibres increased progressively as the concentration of the modification chemicals increased compared to the untreated fibres.

This work presents the designed composite with density, mechanical properties and microstructure, showing remarkable improvements in the engineering properties. An 181.5% improvement in tensile strength and a 56.63% increase in flexural strength were got over that of the unreinforced polyester. The findings from this work will contribute to the understanding of the potential of chemically adapted gourd fibre as a reinforcement material for composites and provide insights into the development of sustainable composite materials.

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Evaluation of the application of chemically adapted gourd fibre in polyester composite fabrication10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0380World Journal of Engineering2024-01-04© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedErnest Mbamalu EzehEzeamaku U LuviaOnukwuli O DWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-0410.1108/WJE-09-2023-0380https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0380/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Investigation of the effects from geopathic stress on the design thickness of flexible pavementshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0383/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSoil is an essential component of road construction and is used in the form of subgrade materials. It ensures the stability and durability of the road under adverse conditions; being one of the important parameters, poor judgment of the engineering properties of soil can lead to pavement failure. Geopathic stress (GS) is a subtle energy in the form of harmful electromagnetic radiation. This study aims to investigate the effect of GS on soil and concrete. A total of 23 soil samples from stress zones and nonstress zones were tested for different engineering properties like water content, liquid limit, plastic limit, specific gravity and California bearing ratio. Two concrete panels were placed on GS zones, and their quality was monitored through nondestructive testing for a period of one year. The result shows that the engineering properties of soil and pavement thickness are increasing in stress zones as compared with nonstress zones. For concrete panels, as time passes, the quality of the concrete gets reduced, which hints toward the detrimental effect of GS. This research is a systematic, scientific, reliable study which evaluated subgrade characteristics thus determining the detrimental impact of the GS on soil and pavement thickness. On a concluding note, this study provides a detailed insight into the performance of the road segment when subjected to GS. Through this investigation, it is recommended that GS should be considered in the design of roads.Investigation of the effects from geopathic stress on the design thickness of flexible pavements
Rohit R. Salgude, Prasad Pailwan, Sunil Pimplikar, Dipak Kolekar
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Soil is an essential component of road construction and is used in the form of subgrade materials. It ensures the stability and durability of the road under adverse conditions; being one of the important parameters, poor judgment of the engineering properties of soil can lead to pavement failure. Geopathic stress (GS) is a subtle energy in the form of harmful electromagnetic radiation. This study aims to investigate the effect of GS on soil and concrete.

A total of 23 soil samples from stress zones and nonstress zones were tested for different engineering properties like water content, liquid limit, plastic limit, specific gravity and California bearing ratio. Two concrete panels were placed on GS zones, and their quality was monitored through nondestructive testing for a period of one year.

The result shows that the engineering properties of soil and pavement thickness are increasing in stress zones as compared with nonstress zones. For concrete panels, as time passes, the quality of the concrete gets reduced, which hints toward the detrimental effect of GS.

This research is a systematic, scientific, reliable study which evaluated subgrade characteristics thus determining the detrimental impact of the GS on soil and pavement thickness. On a concluding note, this study provides a detailed insight into the performance of the road segment when subjected to GS. Through this investigation, it is recommended that GS should be considered in the design of roads.

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Investigation of the effects from geopathic stress on the design thickness of flexible pavements10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0383World Journal of Engineering2024-01-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRohit R. SalgudePrasad PailwanSunil PimplikarDipak KolekarWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1210.1108/WJE-09-2023-0383https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0383/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The effects of thermal radiation, thermal conductivity, and variable viscosity on ferrofluid in porous medium under magnetic fieldhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0402/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to analyze the two-dimensional ferrofluid flow in porous media. The effects of changes in parameters such as permeability parameter, buoyancy parameter, Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, radiation parameter, velocity slip parameter, energy dissipation parameter and viscosity parameter on the velocity and temperature profile are displayed numerically and graphically. By using simplification, nonlinear differential equations are converted into ordinary nonlinear equations. Modeling is done in the Cartesian coordinate system. The finite element method (FEM) and the Akbari-Ganji method (AGM) are used to solve the present problem. The finite element model determines each parameter’s effect on the fluid’s velocity and temperature. The results show that if the viscosity parameter increases, the temperature of the fluid increases, but the velocity of the fluid decreases. As can be seen in the figures, by increasing the permeability parameter, a reduction in velocity and an enhancement in fluid temperature are observed. When the Reynolds number increases, an increase in fluid velocity and temperature is observed. If the speed slip parameter increases, the speed decreases, and as the energy dissipation parameter increases, the temperature also increases. When considering factors like thermal conductivity and variable viscosity in this context, they can significantly impact velocity slippage conditions. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the influence of thermal conductivity parameters and variable viscosity within a porous medium on ferrofluid behavior. This particular flow configuration is chosen due to the essential role of ferrofluids and their extensive use in engineering, industry and medicine.The effects of thermal radiation, thermal conductivity, and variable viscosity on ferrofluid in porous medium under magnetic field
Mohammad Dehghan Afifi, Bahram Jalili, Amirmohammad Mirzaei, Payam Jalili, Davood Ganji
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to analyze the two-dimensional ferrofluid flow in porous media. The effects of changes in parameters such as permeability parameter, buoyancy parameter, Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, radiation parameter, velocity slip parameter, energy dissipation parameter and viscosity parameter on the velocity and temperature profile are displayed numerically and graphically.

By using simplification, nonlinear differential equations are converted into ordinary nonlinear equations. Modeling is done in the Cartesian coordinate system. The finite element method (FEM) and the Akbari-Ganji method (AGM) are used to solve the present problem. The finite element model determines each parameter’s effect on the fluid’s velocity and temperature.

The results show that if the viscosity parameter increases, the temperature of the fluid increases, but the velocity of the fluid decreases. As can be seen in the figures, by increasing the permeability parameter, a reduction in velocity and an enhancement in fluid temperature are observed. When the Reynolds number increases, an increase in fluid velocity and temperature is observed. If the speed slip parameter increases, the speed decreases, and as the energy dissipation parameter increases, the temperature also increases.

When considering factors like thermal conductivity and variable viscosity in this context, they can significantly impact velocity slippage conditions. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the influence of thermal conductivity parameters and variable viscosity within a porous medium on ferrofluid behavior. This particular flow configuration is chosen due to the essential role of ferrofluids and their extensive use in engineering, industry and medicine.

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The effects of thermal radiation, thermal conductivity, and variable viscosity on ferrofluid in porous medium under magnetic field10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0402World Journal of Engineering2024-03-22© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohammad Dehghan AfifiBahram JaliliAmirmohammad MirzaeiPayam JaliliDavood GanjiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2210.1108/WJE-09-2023-0402https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0402/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Development of a long-term solar PV power forecasting model for power system planninghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0407/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to Solar photovoltaic (PV) power can significantly impact the power system because of its intermittent nature. Hence, an accurate solar PV power forecasting model is required for appropriate power system planning. In this paper, a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based double deep Q-learning (DDQL) neural network (NN) is proposed for forecasting solar PV power indirectly over the long-term horizon. The past solar irradiance, temperature and wind speed are used for forecasting the solar PV power for a place using the proposed forecasting model. The LSTM-based DDQL NN reduces over- and underestimation and avoids gradient vanishing. Thus, the proposed model improves the forecasting accuracy of solar PV power using deep learning techniques (DLTs). In addition, the proposed model requires less training time and forecasts solar PV power with improved stability. The proposed model is trained and validated for several places with different climatic patterns and seasons. The proposed model is also tested for a place with a temperate climatic pattern by constructing an experimental solar PV system. The training, validation and testing results have confirmed the practicality of the proposed solar PV power forecasting model using LSTM-based DDQL NN.Development of a long-term solar PV power forecasting model for power system planning
Jain Vinith P.R., Navin Sam K., Vidya T., Joseph Godfrey A., Venkadesan Arunachalam
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to Solar photovoltaic (PV) power can significantly impact the power system because of its intermittent nature. Hence, an accurate solar PV power forecasting model is required for appropriate power system planning.

In this paper, a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based double deep Q-learning (DDQL) neural network (NN) is proposed for forecasting solar PV power indirectly over the long-term horizon. The past solar irradiance, temperature and wind speed are used for forecasting the solar PV power for a place using the proposed forecasting model.

The LSTM-based DDQL NN reduces over- and underestimation and avoids gradient vanishing. Thus, the proposed model improves the forecasting accuracy of solar PV power using deep learning techniques (DLTs). In addition, the proposed model requires less training time and forecasts solar PV power with improved stability.

The proposed model is trained and validated for several places with different climatic patterns and seasons. The proposed model is also tested for a place with a temperate climatic pattern by constructing an experimental solar PV system. The training, validation and testing results have confirmed the practicality of the proposed solar PV power forecasting model using LSTM-based DDQL NN.

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Development of a long-term solar PV power forecasting model for power system planning10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0407World Journal of Engineering2024-01-25© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedJain Vinith P.R.Navin Sam K.Vidya T.Joseph Godfrey A.Venkadesan ArunachalamWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-2510.1108/WJE-09-2023-0407https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0407/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
The effect of switching on the thermal behavior and operating time of electrical windingshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0409/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTo prevent the coil from burning or getting damaged, it is necessary to estimate the duration of its operation as long as its temperature does not exceed the permissible limit. This paper aims to investigate the effect of switching on the thermal behavior of impregnated and nonimpregnated windings. Also, the safe operating time for each winding is determined. The power loss of the winding is expressed as a function of the winding specifications. Using homogenization techniques, the equivalent thermal properties for the homogenized winding are calculated and used in a proposed thermal equivalent circuit for winding modeling and analysis. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model are determined by comparing its analysis results and simulation and measurement results. The results show that copper windings have better thermal behavior and lower temperature compared to aluminum windings. On the other hand, by impregnating or increasing the packing factor of the winding, the thermal behavior is improved. Also, by choosing the right duty cycle for the winding current source, it is possible to prevent the burning or damage of the winding and increase its lifespan. Comparing the measurement results with the analysis results shows that the proposed equivalent circuit has an error of less than 4% in the calculation of the winding center temperature. In this paper, the effect of temperature on the electrical resistance of the coil is ignored. Also, rectangular wires were not investigated. Research in these topics are considered as future work. By calculating the thermal time constant of the winding, its safe operation time can be calculated so that its temperature does not exceed the tolerable value (150 °C). The proposed method analyzes both impregnated and nonimpregnated windings with various schemes. It investigates the effects of switching on their thermal behavior. Additionally, it determines the safe operating time for each type of winding.The effect of switching on the thermal behavior and operating time of electrical windings
Ali Hashemi, Hamed Taheri, Mohammad Dehghani
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

To prevent the coil from burning or getting damaged, it is necessary to estimate the duration of its operation as long as its temperature does not exceed the permissible limit. This paper aims to investigate the effect of switching on the thermal behavior of impregnated and nonimpregnated windings. Also, the safe operating time for each winding is determined.

The power loss of the winding is expressed as a function of the winding specifications. Using homogenization techniques, the equivalent thermal properties for the homogenized winding are calculated and used in a proposed thermal equivalent circuit for winding modeling and analysis. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model are determined by comparing its analysis results and simulation and measurement results.

The results show that copper windings have better thermal behavior and lower temperature compared to aluminum windings. On the other hand, by impregnating or increasing the packing factor of the winding, the thermal behavior is improved. Also, by choosing the right duty cycle for the winding current source, it is possible to prevent the burning or damage of the winding and increase its lifespan. Comparing the measurement results with the analysis results shows that the proposed equivalent circuit has an error of less than 4% in the calculation of the winding center temperature.

In this paper, the effect of temperature on the electrical resistance of the coil is ignored. Also, rectangular wires were not investigated. Research in these topics are considered as future work.

By calculating the thermal time constant of the winding, its safe operation time can be calculated so that its temperature does not exceed the tolerable value (150 °C). The proposed method analyzes both impregnated and nonimpregnated windings with various schemes. It investigates the effects of switching on their thermal behavior. Additionally, it determines the safe operating time for each type of winding.

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The effect of switching on the thermal behavior and operating time of electrical windings10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0409World Journal of Engineering2024-02-15© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedAli HashemiHamed TaheriMohammad DehghaniWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1510.1108/WJE-09-2023-0409https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-09-2023-0409/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of spraying time on mechanical and tribological performances of HVOF-sprayed WC–Co and WC–CrCNi coatings on AISI 1095 steelhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0409/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to compare the wear behavior, surface roughness, friction coefficient and volume loss of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC–Co and WC–Cr3C2–Ni coatings on AISI 1095 steel with spraying times of 10 and 15 s. In this study, the pin-on-disc testing technique was used to evaluate the wear characteristics at a speed of 0.24 m/s, load of 40 N and test time of 60 min under dry conditions at room temperature. The wear characteristics were examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface roughness of a coated surface was measured, and microhardness measurements were performed on the cross-sectioned and polished surfaces of the coating. Spraying time and powder material affected the hardness of HVOF coatings due to differences in the porosity of the coated layers. The average hardness of the WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spaying time of 15 s was approximately 14% higher than that of the WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spraying time of 10 s. Under an applied load of 40 N, the WC–Co coating with a spraying time of 15 s had the lowest variation in the friction coefficient compared with the other coatings. The WC–Co coating with a spraying time of 10 s had the lowest average and variation in volume loss compared to the other coatings. The WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spraying time of 10 s exhibited the highest average volume loss. The wear features changed slightly with the spraying time owing to variations in the hardness and friction coefficient. This study investigated tribological performance of WC–Co; WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings with spraying times of 10 and 15 s using pin-on-disc tribometer by rotating the relatively soft pin (C45 steel) against hard coated substrate (disc).Effect of spraying time on mechanical and tribological performances of HVOF-sprayed WC–Co and WC–CrCNi coatings on AISI 1095 steel
Ronnarit Khuengpukheiw, Anurat Wisitsoraat, Charnnarong Saikaew
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to compare the wear behavior, surface roughness, friction coefficient and volume loss of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC–Co and WC–Cr3C2–Ni coatings on AISI 1095 steel with spraying times of 10 and 15 s.

In this study, the pin-on-disc testing technique was used to evaluate the wear characteristics at a speed of 0.24 m/s, load of 40 N and test time of 60 min under dry conditions at room temperature. The wear characteristics were examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface roughness of a coated surface was measured, and microhardness measurements were performed on the cross-sectioned and polished surfaces of the coating.

Spraying time and powder material affected the hardness of HVOF coatings due to differences in the porosity of the coated layers. The average hardness of the WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spaying time of 15 s was approximately 14% higher than that of the WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spraying time of 10 s. Under an applied load of 40 N, the WC–Co coating with a spraying time of 15 s had the lowest variation in the friction coefficient compared with the other coatings. The WC–Co coating with a spraying time of 10 s had the lowest average and variation in volume loss compared to the other coatings. The WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spraying time of 10 s exhibited the highest average volume loss. The wear features changed slightly with the spraying time owing to variations in the hardness and friction coefficient.

This study investigated tribological performance of WC–Co; WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings with spraying times of 10 and 15 s using pin-on-disc tribometer by rotating the relatively soft pin (C45 steel) against hard coated substrate (disc).

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Effect of spraying time on mechanical and tribological performances of HVOF-sprayed WC–Co and WC–CrCNi coatings on AISI 1095 steel10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0409World Journal of Engineering2023-04-11© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRonnarit KhuengpukheiwAnurat WisitsoraatCharnnarong SaikaewWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-1110.1108/WJE-10-2022-0409https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0409/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Power quality improvement of large power induction motor drive using three-level front-end converterhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0418/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to provide the enhancement of power quality of a high power-rated voltage source inverter driven induction motor with a three-phase, three-level neutral point clamped converter placed at the front end, while a passive power filter is connected in shunt with it. The improvement in power quality can be achieved by reducing the total harmonic distortion in source current. The controllers were designed for the linearization of the high-power induction motor drive. A control method is presented for the regulation of the common DC-link voltage. The induction motor is modeled using its dynamic equations, and a decoupling controller is designed to linearize the nonlinear dynamics of the drive through feedback. The common DC-link voltage of the proposed front-end connected converter is monitored and controlled through a control method which feeds the pulse width modulated inverter that drives the induction motor. A passive power filter is designed to meet the reactive power requirement of the system in addition to improve the power quality. Simulations were carried out for the proposed topology of the drive mechanism, and the outcomes were analyzed by a comparative analysis of the drive system both in the presence of the passive filter as well as in the absence of the filter. The total harmonic distortion is found to be reduced enough to meet the standards with the designed filter, and the reactive power is also compensated considerably. The input power factor at the supply side is maintained almost to unity, and the DC-link voltage of the proposed circuit topology is maintained at the desired level. The overall performance of the drive system was found to be useful and economical. A new topology of a front-end connected three-level neutral point clamped converter to a high power-rated induction motor drive is proposed. The drive is fed by a pulse width modulated inverter with a common DC-link with the front end connected converter. A passive filter is designed with respect to the reactive power requirement of the system and connected in shunt to the converter at the supply side. Control schemes are designed and used for the drive system and also for the regulation of the common DC-link voltage of the proposed front end connected converter.Power quality improvement of large power induction motor drive using three-level front-end converter
Kanungo Barada Mohanty, Pavankumar Daramukkala
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to provide the enhancement of power quality of a high power-rated voltage source inverter driven induction motor with a three-phase, three-level neutral point clamped converter placed at the front end, while a passive power filter is connected in shunt with it. The improvement in power quality can be achieved by reducing the total harmonic distortion in source current. The controllers were designed for the linearization of the high-power induction motor drive. A control method is presented for the regulation of the common DC-link voltage.

The induction motor is modeled using its dynamic equations, and a decoupling controller is designed to linearize the nonlinear dynamics of the drive through feedback. The common DC-link voltage of the proposed front-end connected converter is monitored and controlled through a control method which feeds the pulse width modulated inverter that drives the induction motor. A passive power filter is designed to meet the reactive power requirement of the system in addition to improve the power quality.

Simulations were carried out for the proposed topology of the drive mechanism, and the outcomes were analyzed by a comparative analysis of the drive system both in the presence of the passive filter as well as in the absence of the filter. The total harmonic distortion is found to be reduced enough to meet the standards with the designed filter, and the reactive power is also compensated considerably. The input power factor at the supply side is maintained almost to unity, and the DC-link voltage of the proposed circuit topology is maintained at the desired level. The overall performance of the drive system was found to be useful and economical.

A new topology of a front-end connected three-level neutral point clamped converter to a high power-rated induction motor drive is proposed. The drive is fed by a pulse width modulated inverter with a common DC-link with the front end connected converter. A passive filter is designed with respect to the reactive power requirement of the system and connected in shunt to the converter at the supply side. Control schemes are designed and used for the drive system and also for the regulation of the common DC-link voltage of the proposed front end connected converter.

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Power quality improvement of large power induction motor drive using three-level front-end converter10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0418World Journal of Engineering2023-02-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedKanungo Barada MohantyPavankumar DaramukkalaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-02-1010.1108/WJE-10-2022-0418https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0418/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modelling and optimization of laser welding of Al2024 aluminium alloyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0421/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAluminium alloys can be used as lightweight and high-strength materials in combination with the technology of laser beam welding, an efficient joining method, in the manufacturing of automotive parts. The purposes of this paper are to conduct laser welding experiments with Al2024 in the lap joint configuration, model the laser welding process parameters of Al2024 alloys and use propounded models to optimize the process parameters. Laser welding of Al2024 alloy has been conducted in the lap joint configuration. Then, the influences of explanatory variables (laser peak power, scanning speed and frequency) on outcome variables (weld width [WW], throat length [TL] and breaking load [BL]) have been investigated with Poisson regression analysis of the data set derived from experimentation. Thereafter, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) has been used using MATLAB to find the optimum solutions. The effects of various input process parameters on the responses have also been analysed using response surface plots. The promulgated statistical models, derived with Poisson regression analysis, are evinced to be well-fit ones using the analysis of deviance approach. Pareto fronts have been used to demonstrate the optimization results, and the maximized load-bearing capacity is computed to be 1,263 N, whereas the compromised WW and TL are 714 µm and 760 µm, respectively. This work of conducting laser welding of lap joint of Al2024 alloy incorporating the Taguchi method and optimizing the input process parameters with the promulgated statistical models proffers a neoteric perspective that can be useful to the manufacturing industry.Modelling and optimization of laser welding of Al2024 aluminium alloy
Upama Dey, Aparna Duggirala, Souren Mitra
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Aluminium alloys can be used as lightweight and high-strength materials in combination with the technology of laser beam welding, an efficient joining method, in the manufacturing of automotive parts. The purposes of this paper are to conduct laser welding experiments with Al2024 in the lap joint configuration, model the laser welding process parameters of Al2024 alloys and use propounded models to optimize the process parameters.

Laser welding of Al2024 alloy has been conducted in the lap joint configuration. Then, the influences of explanatory variables (laser peak power, scanning speed and frequency) on outcome variables (weld width [WW], throat length [TL] and breaking load [BL]) have been investigated with Poisson regression analysis of the data set derived from experimentation. Thereafter, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) has been used using MATLAB to find the optimum solutions. The effects of various input process parameters on the responses have also been analysed using response surface plots.

The promulgated statistical models, derived with Poisson regression analysis, are evinced to be well-fit ones using the analysis of deviance approach. Pareto fronts have been used to demonstrate the optimization results, and the maximized load-bearing capacity is computed to be 1,263 N, whereas the compromised WW and TL are 714 µm and 760 µm, respectively.

This work of conducting laser welding of lap joint of Al2024 alloy incorporating the Taguchi method and optimizing the input process parameters with the promulgated statistical models proffers a neoteric perspective that can be useful to the manufacturing industry.

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Modelling and optimization of laser welding of Al2024 aluminium alloy10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0421World Journal of Engineering2023-05-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedUpama DeyAparna DuggiralaSouren MitraWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-1010.1108/WJE-10-2022-0421https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0421/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Study of morphological, physical and mechanical properties of thin NbN films synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering systemhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0439/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestNiobium Nitride (NbN) was interesting material for its applications in the medicinal tools or tools field (corresponding to saline serum media) as well as in mechanical properties. The aim of this work was depositing NbN thin films on two types of substrates (stainless steel (SS304) and silicon (100)) using plasma technique at varied powers (100–150 W). DC magnetron sputtering technique at different powers were used to synthesis NbN films. Film structure was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Rutherford elastic backscattering and energy dispersive X-ray were used to examine the deposited film composition. The films morphology was studied via atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. Corrosion resistance of the three NbN/SS304 films was studied in 0.9% NaCl environment (physiological standard saline). All properties could be controlled by the modification of DC power, where the crystallinity of samples was changed and consequently the corrosion and microhardness were modified, which correlated with the power. NbN film deposited at higher power (150 W) has shown better corrosion resistance (0.9% NaCl), which had smaller grain size (smoother) and was thicker. The NbN films have a preferred orientation (111) matching to cubic structure phase. Corrosion resistance was enhanced for the NbN films compared to SS304 substrates (noncoating). Therefore, NbN films deposited on SS304 substrate could be applied as medicinal tools as well as in mechanical fields.Study of morphological, physical and mechanical properties of thin NbN films synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering system
Bassam Abdallah, Mahmoud Kakhia, Karam Masloub, Walaa Zetoune
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Niobium Nitride (NbN) was interesting material for its applications in the medicinal tools or tools field (corresponding to saline serum media) as well as in mechanical properties. The aim of this work was depositing NbN thin films on two types of substrates (stainless steel (SS304) and silicon (100)) using plasma technique at varied powers (100–150 W).

DC magnetron sputtering technique at different powers were used to synthesis NbN films. Film structure was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Rutherford elastic backscattering and energy dispersive X-ray were used to examine the deposited film composition. The films morphology was studied via atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. Corrosion resistance of the three NbN/SS304 films was studied in 0.9% NaCl environment (physiological standard saline).

All properties could be controlled by the modification of DC power, where the crystallinity of samples was changed and consequently the corrosion and microhardness were modified, which correlated with the power. NbN film deposited at higher power (150 W) has shown better corrosion resistance (0.9% NaCl), which had smaller grain size (smoother) and was thicker.

The NbN films have a preferred orientation (111) matching to cubic structure phase. Corrosion resistance was enhanced for the NbN films compared to SS304 substrates (noncoating). Therefore, NbN films deposited on SS304 substrate could be applied as medicinal tools as well as in mechanical fields.

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Study of morphological, physical and mechanical properties of thin NbN films synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering system10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0439World Journal of Engineering2023-05-18© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedBassam AbdallahMahmoud KakhiaKaram MasloubWalaa ZetouneWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-1810.1108/WJE-10-2022-0439https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2022-0439/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Study the effect of axially perforated baffle plate with multiple opposite-oriented trapezoidal flow deflectors in an air–water tubular heat exchangerhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0425/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe research focused on analysing a unique type of heat exchanger that uses swirling air flow over heated tubes. This heat exchanger includes a round baffle plate with holes and opposite-oriented trapezoidal air deflectors attached at different angles. The deflectors are spaced at various distances, and the tubes are arranged in a circular pattern while maintaining a constant heat flux. This setup is housed inside a circular duct with airflow in the longitudinal direction. The study examined the impact of different inclination angles and pitch ratios on the performance of the heat exchanger within a specific range of Reynolds numbers. The findings revealed that the angle of inclination significantly affected the flow velocity, with higher angles resulting in increased velocity. The heat transfer performance was best at lower inclination angles and pitch ratios. Flow resistance decreased with increasing angle of inclination and pitch ratio. The average thermal enhancement factor decreased with higher inclination angles, with the maximum value observed as 0.94 at a pitch ratio of 1 at an angle of 30°.Study the effect of axially perforated baffle plate with multiple opposite-oriented trapezoidal flow deflectors in an air–water tubular heat exchanger
Md Atiqur Rahman
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The research focused on analysing a unique type of heat exchanger that uses swirling air flow over heated tubes. This heat exchanger includes a round baffle plate with holes and opposite-oriented trapezoidal air deflectors attached at different angles. The deflectors are spaced at various distances, and the tubes are arranged in a circular pattern while maintaining a constant heat flux.

This setup is housed inside a circular duct with airflow in the longitudinal direction. The study examined the impact of different inclination angles and pitch ratios on the performance of the heat exchanger within a specific range of Reynolds numbers.

The findings revealed that the angle of inclination significantly affected the flow velocity, with higher angles resulting in increased velocity. The heat transfer performance was best at lower inclination angles and pitch ratios. Flow resistance decreased with increasing angle of inclination and pitch ratio.

The average thermal enhancement factor decreased with higher inclination angles, with the maximum value observed as 0.94 at a pitch ratio of 1 at an angle of 30°.

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Study the effect of axially perforated baffle plate with multiple opposite-oriented trapezoidal flow deflectors in an air–water tubular heat exchanger10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0425World Journal of Engineering2024-02-07© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMd Atiqur RahmanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0710.1108/WJE-10-2023-0425https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0425/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Investigating the impact of TiO filler on abrasive wear characteristics of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites using the Taguchi methodhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0432/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of titanium oxide (TiO2) filler on the abrasive wear properties of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites (BFRCs) using a Taguchi approach. The study aims to enhance the abrasive wear resistance of these composites by introducing TiO2 filler as a potential reinforcement, thus contributing to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. This study focuses on the fabrication of epoxy/bamboo composites infused with TiO2 particles within the Wt.% range of 0–8 Wt.% using hand layup techniques. The resulting composites were subjected to wear testing according to ASTM G99-05 standards. Statistical analysis of the wear results was carried out using the Taguchi design of experiments (DOE). Additionally, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the influential control factors impacting the specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (COF). The study illuminates how integrating TiO2 filler enhances abrasive wear in epoxy/bamboo composites. Statistical analysis of SWR highlights abrasive grit size (grit) as the most influential factor, followed by normal load, Wt.% of TiO2 and sliding distance. Analysis of the COF identifies normal load as the primary influential factor, followed by grit, Wt.% of TiO2 and sliding distance. The Taguchi predictive model closely aligns with experimental results, validating its reliability. The morphological study revealed significant differences between the unfilled and TiO2-filled composites. The inclusion of TiO2 improved wear resistance, as evidenced by reduced surface damage and wear debris. This research paper aims to integrate TiO2 filler and bamboo fibers to create an innovative hybrid composite material. TiO2 micro and nanoparticles show promise as filler materials, contributing to improved tribological properties of epoxy composites. The utilization of Taguchi’s DOE and ANOVA for statistical analysis provides valuable guidance for academic researchers and practitioners in optimizing control variables, especially in the context of natural fiber reinforced composites.Investigating the impact of TiO filler on abrasive wear characteristics of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites using the Taguchi method
Ravikantha Prabhu, Sharun Mendonca, Pavana Kumara Bellairu, Rudolf Charles DSouza, Thirumaleshwara Bhat
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of titanium oxide (TiO2) filler on the abrasive wear properties of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites (BFRCs) using a Taguchi approach. The study aims to enhance the abrasive wear resistance of these composites by introducing TiO2 filler as a potential reinforcement, thus contributing to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly materials.

This study focuses on the fabrication of epoxy/bamboo composites infused with TiO2 particles within the Wt.% range of 0–8 Wt.% using hand layup techniques. The resulting composites were subjected to wear testing according to ASTM G99-05 standards. Statistical analysis of the wear results was carried out using the Taguchi design of experiments (DOE). Additionally, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the influential control factors impacting the specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (COF).

The study illuminates how integrating TiO2 filler enhances abrasive wear in epoxy/bamboo composites. Statistical analysis of SWR highlights abrasive grit size (grit) as the most influential factor, followed by normal load, Wt.% of TiO2 and sliding distance. Analysis of the COF identifies normal load as the primary influential factor, followed by grit, Wt.% of TiO2 and sliding distance. The Taguchi predictive model closely aligns with experimental results, validating its reliability. The morphological study revealed significant differences between the unfilled and TiO2-filled composites. The inclusion of TiO2 improved wear resistance, as evidenced by reduced surface damage and wear debris.

This research paper aims to integrate TiO2 filler and bamboo fibers to create an innovative hybrid composite material. TiO2 micro and nanoparticles show promise as filler materials, contributing to improved tribological properties of epoxy composites. The utilization of Taguchi’s DOE and ANOVA for statistical analysis provides valuable guidance for academic researchers and practitioners in optimizing control variables, especially in the context of natural fiber reinforced composites.

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Investigating the impact of TiO filler on abrasive wear characteristics of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites using the Taguchi method10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0432World Journal of Engineering2024-01-30© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedRavikantha PrabhuSharun MendoncaPavana Kumara BellairuRudolf Charles DSouzaThirumaleshwara BhatWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-3010.1108/WJE-10-2023-0432https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0432/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Bi-objective optimization of an EDM process with Cu-MWCNT composite tool using single-valued neutrosophic grey relational analysishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0443/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIn many of today’s manufacturing industries, such as automobile, aerospace, defence, die and mould making, medical and electrical discharge machining (EDM) has emerged as an effective material removal process. In this process, a series of discontinuous electric discharges is used for removing material from the workpiece in the form of craters generating a replica of the tool into the workpiece in a dielectric environment. Appropriate selection of the tool electrode material and combination of input parameters is an important requirement for performance enhancement of an EDM process. This paper aims to optimize an EDM process using single-valued neutrosophic grey relational analysis using Cu-multi-walled carbon nanotube (Cu-MWCNT) composite tool electrode. This paper proposes the application of grey relational analysis (GRA) in a single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy environment to identify the optimal parametric intermix of an EDM process while considering Cu-MWCNT composite as the tool electrode material. Based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array, nine experiments are conducted at varying combinations of four EDM parameters, i.e. pulse-on time, duty factor, discharge current and gap voltage, with subsequent measurement of two responses, i.e. material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR). The electrodeposition process is used to fabricate the Cu-MWCNT composite tool. It is noticed that both the responses would be simultaneously optimized at higher levels of pulse-on time (38 µs) and duty factor (8), moderate level of discharge current (5 A) and lower level of gap voltage (30 V). During bi-objective optimization (maximization of MRR and minimization of TWR) of the said EDM process, the achieved values of MRR and TWR are 243.74 mm3/min and 0.001034 g/min, respectively. Keeping in mind the type of response under consideration, their measured values for each of the EDM experiments are expressed in terms of linguistic variables which are subsequently converted into single-valued neutrosophic numbers. Integration of GRA with single-valued neutrosophic sets would help in optimizing the said EDM process with the Cu-MWCNT composite tool while simultaneously considering truth-membership, indeterminacy membership and falsity-membership degrees in a human-centric uncertain decision-making environment.Bi-objective optimization of an EDM process with Cu-MWCNT composite tool using single-valued neutrosophic grey relational analysis
Prosun Mandal, Srinjoy Chatterjee, Shankar Chakraborty
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

In many of today’s manufacturing industries, such as automobile, aerospace, defence, die and mould making, medical and electrical discharge machining (EDM) has emerged as an effective material removal process. In this process, a series of discontinuous electric discharges is used for removing material from the workpiece in the form of craters generating a replica of the tool into the workpiece in a dielectric environment. Appropriate selection of the tool electrode material and combination of input parameters is an important requirement for performance enhancement of an EDM process. This paper aims to optimize an EDM process using single-valued neutrosophic grey relational analysis using Cu-multi-walled carbon nanotube (Cu-MWCNT) composite tool electrode.

This paper proposes the application of grey relational analysis (GRA) in a single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy environment to identify the optimal parametric intermix of an EDM process while considering Cu-MWCNT composite as the tool electrode material. Based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array, nine experiments are conducted at varying combinations of four EDM parameters, i.e. pulse-on time, duty factor, discharge current and gap voltage, with subsequent measurement of two responses, i.e. material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR). The electrodeposition process is used to fabricate the Cu-MWCNT composite tool.

It is noticed that both the responses would be simultaneously optimized at higher levels of pulse-on time (38 µs) and duty factor (8), moderate level of discharge current (5 A) and lower level of gap voltage (30 V). During bi-objective optimization (maximization of MRR and minimization of TWR) of the said EDM process, the achieved values of MRR and TWR are 243.74 mm3/min and 0.001034 g/min, respectively.

Keeping in mind the type of response under consideration, their measured values for each of the EDM experiments are expressed in terms of linguistic variables which are subsequently converted into single-valued neutrosophic numbers. Integration of GRA with single-valued neutrosophic sets would help in optimizing the said EDM process with the Cu-MWCNT composite tool while simultaneously considering truth-membership, indeterminacy membership and falsity-membership degrees in a human-centric uncertain decision-making environment.

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Bi-objective optimization of an EDM process with Cu-MWCNT composite tool using single-valued neutrosophic grey relational analysis10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0443World Journal of Engineering2024-03-18© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedProsun MandalSrinjoy ChatterjeeShankar ChakrabortyWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1810.1108/WJE-10-2023-0443https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0443/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Electrical analysis of normal and aged high voltage transformer oil considering different size effects of AlOhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0446/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestElectrical characteristics of transformer oil (TO) have been studied during normal and thermal aging conditions. In this paper, breakdown voltage (BDV), partial discharge (PD), heat transfer results and the physical mechanisms considering the impact of varying the diameter of Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated. Different quantities of the two sizes of Al2O3 were added to the oil using a two-step method to determine the positive effect of NPs on the electrical and thermal properties of TO. Finally, the physical mechanisms related to the obtained experimental results have been performed. The implementation of nanoparticles in this paper was provided by US Research Nanomaterials, Inc., USA. The provided Al2O3 NPs have an average particle size of 20–80 nm and a specific surface area of 138 and 58 m2/g, respectively, which have a purity of over 99%. Thermal aging has been done. The IEC 60156 standard has been implemented to calculate the BDV, and a 500-mL volume test cell (Apar TO 1020) has been used. PD test is performed according to Standard IEC 60343, and a JDEVS-PDMA 300 device was used for this test. BDV tests indicate that 20 nm Al2O3 is more effective at improving BDV than 80 nm Al2O3, with an improvement of 113% compared to 99% for the latter. The analysis of Weibull probability at BDV indicates that 20 nm Al2O3 performs better, with improvements of 141%, 125% and 112% at probabilities of 1, 10 and 50%, respectively. The results of the PD tests using the PDPR pattern also show that 20 nm Al2O3 is superior. For the heat transfer test, 0.05 g/L of both diameters were used to ensure fair conditions, and again, the advantage was with 20 nm Al2O3 (23% vs 18%). The effect of Al2O3 NP diameter (20 and 80 nm) on various properties of virgin and aged TO has been investigated experimentally in this paper to examine the effect of proposed NP on electrical improvement of TO.Electrical analysis of normal and aged high voltage transformer oil considering different size effects of AlO
Masume Khodsuz, Amir Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Aydin Samani
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Electrical characteristics of transformer oil (TO) have been studied during normal and thermal aging conditions. In this paper, breakdown voltage (BDV), partial discharge (PD), heat transfer results and the physical mechanisms considering the impact of varying the diameter of Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated. Different quantities of the two sizes of Al2O3 were added to the oil using a two-step method to determine the positive effect of NPs on the electrical and thermal properties of TO. Finally, the physical mechanisms related to the obtained experimental results have been performed.

The implementation of nanoparticles in this paper was provided by US Research Nanomaterials, Inc., USA. The provided Al2O3 NPs have an average particle size of 20–80 nm and a specific surface area of 138 and 58 m2/g, respectively, which have a purity of over 99%. Thermal aging has been done. The IEC 60156 standard has been implemented to calculate the BDV, and a 500-mL volume test cell (Apar TO 1020) has been used. PD test is performed according to Standard IEC 60343, and a JDEVS-PDMA 300 device was used for this test.

BDV tests indicate that 20 nm Al2O3 is more effective at improving BDV than 80 nm Al2O3, with an improvement of 113% compared to 99% for the latter. The analysis of Weibull probability at BDV indicates that 20 nm Al2O3 performs better, with improvements of 141%, 125% and 112% at probabilities of 1, 10 and 50%, respectively. The results of the PD tests using the PDPR pattern also show that 20 nm Al2O3 is superior. For the heat transfer test, 0.05 g/L of both diameters were used to ensure fair conditions, and again, the advantage was with 20 nm Al2O3 (23% vs 18%).

The effect of Al2O3 NP diameter (20 and 80 nm) on various properties of virgin and aged TO has been investigated experimentally in this paper to examine the effect of proposed NP on electrical improvement of TO.

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Electrical analysis of normal and aged high voltage transformer oil considering different size effects of AlO10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0446World Journal of Engineering2024-01-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMasume KhodsuzAmir Hamed MashhadzadehAydin SamaniWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1210.1108/WJE-10-2023-0446https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0446/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Hydromagnetic peristaltic flow of convective Casson nanofluid through a vertical porous channel under the influence of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation effectshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0455/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestOhmic heating generates temperature with the help of electrical current and resists the flow of electricity. Also, it generates heat rapidly and uniformly in the liquid matrix. Electrically conducting biofluid flows with Ohmic heating have many biomedical and industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to provide the significance of the effects of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation on electrically conducting Casson nanofluid flow driven by peristaltic pumping through a vertical porous channel. In this analysis, the non-Newtonian properties of fluid will be characterized by the Casson fluid model. The long wavelength approach reduces the complexity of the governing system of coupled partial differential equations with non-linear components. Using a regular perturbation approach, the solutions for the flow quantities are established. The fascinating and essential characteristics of flow parameters such as the thermal Grashof number, nanoparticle Grashof number, magnetic parameter, Brinkmann number, permeability parameter, Reynolds number, Casson fluid parameter, thermophoresis parameter and Brownian movement parameter on the convective peristaltic pumping are presented and thoroughly addressed. Furthermore, the phenomenon of trapping is illustrated visually. The findings indicate that intensifying the permeability and Casson fluid parameters boosts the temperature distribution. It is observed that the velocity profile is elevated by enhancing the thermal Grashof number and perturbation parameter, whereas it reduces as a function of the magnetic parameter and Reynolds number. Moreover, trapped bolus size upsurges for greater values of nanoparticle Grashof number and magnetic parameter. There are some interesting studies in the literature to explain the nature of the peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids under various assumptions. It is observed that there is no study in the literature as investigated in this paper.Hydromagnetic peristaltic flow of convective Casson nanofluid through a vertical porous channel under the influence of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation effects
Jagadesh Vardagala, Sreenadh Sreedharamalle, Ajithkumar Moorthi, Sucharitha Gorintla, Lakshminarayana Pallavarapu
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Ohmic heating generates temperature with the help of electrical current and resists the flow of electricity. Also, it generates heat rapidly and uniformly in the liquid matrix. Electrically conducting biofluid flows with Ohmic heating have many biomedical and industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to provide the significance of the effects of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation on electrically conducting Casson nanofluid flow driven by peristaltic pumping through a vertical porous channel.

In this analysis, the non-Newtonian properties of fluid will be characterized by the Casson fluid model. The long wavelength approach reduces the complexity of the governing system of coupled partial differential equations with non-linear components. Using a regular perturbation approach, the solutions for the flow quantities are established. The fascinating and essential characteristics of flow parameters such as the thermal Grashof number, nanoparticle Grashof number, magnetic parameter, Brinkmann number, permeability parameter, Reynolds number, Casson fluid parameter, thermophoresis parameter and Brownian movement parameter on the convective peristaltic pumping are presented and thoroughly addressed. Furthermore, the phenomenon of trapping is illustrated visually.

The findings indicate that intensifying the permeability and Casson fluid parameters boosts the temperature distribution. It is observed that the velocity profile is elevated by enhancing the thermal Grashof number and perturbation parameter, whereas it reduces as a function of the magnetic parameter and Reynolds number. Moreover, trapped bolus size upsurges for greater values of nanoparticle Grashof number and magnetic parameter.

There are some interesting studies in the literature to explain the nature of the peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids under various assumptions. It is observed that there is no study in the literature as investigated in this paper.

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Hydromagnetic peristaltic flow of convective Casson nanofluid through a vertical porous channel under the influence of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation effects10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0455World Journal of Engineering2024-02-02© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedJagadesh VardagalaSreenadh SreedharamalleAjithkumar MoorthiSucharitha GorintlaLakshminarayana PallavarapuWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0210.1108/WJE-10-2023-0455https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-10-2023-0455/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Co-operative non-orthogonal multiple access networks: a surveyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0451/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to present an up-to-date survey on the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique with co-operative strategy, a fast-evolving fifth-generation (5 G) technology. NOMA is used for serving many mobile users, both in power and code domains. This paper considers the power-domain NOMA, which is now discussed as NOMA. The first part of the paper discusses NOMA-based cooperative relay systems using different relay strategies over different channel models. In various research works, the analytical expressions of many performance metrics were derived, measured and simulated for better performance of the NOMA systems. In the second part, a brief introduction to diversity techniques is discussed. The multiple input and multiple output system merged with cooperative NOMA technology, and its future challenges were also presented in this part. In the third part, the paper surveys some new conceptions such as cognitive radio, index modulation multiple access, space-shift keying and reconfigurable intelligent surface that can be combined with NOMA systems for better performance. The paper presents a brief survey of diverse research projects being carried out in the field of NOMA. The paper also surveyed two different relaying strategies that were implemented in cooperative NOMA over different channels and compared several performance parameters that were evaluated and derived in these implementations. The paper provides a scope for recognizable future work and presents a brief idea of the new techniques that can be united with NOMA for better performance in wireless systems.Co-operative non-orthogonal multiple access networks: a survey
Ashwini K., Jagadeesh V.K.
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to present an up-to-date survey on the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique with co-operative strategy, a fast-evolving fifth-generation (5 G) technology. NOMA is used for serving many mobile users, both in power and code domains. This paper considers the power-domain NOMA, which is now discussed as NOMA.

The first part of the paper discusses NOMA-based cooperative relay systems using different relay strategies over different channel models. In various research works, the analytical expressions of many performance metrics were derived, measured and simulated for better performance of the NOMA systems. In the second part, a brief introduction to diversity techniques is discussed. The multiple input and multiple output system merged with cooperative NOMA technology, and its future challenges were also presented in this part. In the third part, the paper surveys some new conceptions such as cognitive radio, index modulation multiple access, space-shift keying and reconfigurable intelligent surface that can be combined with NOMA systems for better performance.

The paper presents a brief survey of diverse research projects being carried out in the field of NOMA. The paper also surveyed two different relaying strategies that were implemented in cooperative NOMA over different channels and compared several performance parameters that were evaluated and derived in these implementations.

The paper provides a scope for recognizable future work and presents a brief idea of the new techniques that can be united with NOMA for better performance in wireless systems.

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Co-operative non-orthogonal multiple access networks: a survey10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0451World Journal of Engineering2023-11-07© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAshwini K.Jagadeesh V.K.World Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-0710.1108/WJE-11-2022-0451https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0451/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The 3D photogrammetry approach of tiny model using the rotative scanninghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0457/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to discuss the scanning methodology depending on the close-range photogrammetry technique, which is appropriate for the precise three-dimensional (3D) modelling of objects in millimetres, such as the dimensions and structures in sub-millimetre scale. The camera was adjusted to be tilted around the horizontal axis, while coded dot targets were used to calibrate the digital camera. The experiment was repeated with different rotation angles (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 50° and 60°). The images were processed with the PhotoModeler software to create the 3D model of the sample and estimate its dimensions. The features of the sample were measured using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which has been considered as a reference and the comparative dimensions. The results from the current study concluded that changing the rotation angle does not significantly affect the results, unless the angle of imagery is large which prevent achieving about 20: 30% overlap between the images but, the more angle decreases, the more number of images increase as well as the processing duration in the programme. Develop an automatic appropriate for the precise 3D modelling of objects in millimetres, such as the dimensions and structures in sub-millimetre scale using photogrammetry.The 3D photogrammetry approach of tiny model using the rotative scanning
Hossam El-Din Fawzy, Maher Badawy, Magda Farhan
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to discuss the scanning methodology depending on the close-range photogrammetry technique, which is appropriate for the precise three-dimensional (3D) modelling of objects in millimetres, such as the dimensions and structures in sub-millimetre scale.

The camera was adjusted to be tilted around the horizontal axis, while coded dot targets were used to calibrate the digital camera. The experiment was repeated with different rotation angles (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 50° and 60°). The images were processed with the PhotoModeler software to create the 3D model of the sample and estimate its dimensions. The features of the sample were measured using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which has been considered as a reference and the comparative dimensions.

The results from the current study concluded that changing the rotation angle does not significantly affect the results, unless the angle of imagery is large which prevent achieving about 20: 30% overlap between the images but, the more angle decreases, the more number of images increase as well as the processing duration in the programme.

Develop an automatic appropriate for the precise 3D modelling of objects in millimetres, such as the dimensions and structures in sub-millimetre scale using photogrammetry.

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The 3D photogrammetry approach of tiny model using the rotative scanning10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0457World Journal of Engineering2023-08-30© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedHossam El-Din FawzyMaher BadawyMagda FarhanWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-3010.1108/WJE-11-2022-0457https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0457/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Limit equilibrium slope stability analysis of column-supported embankment on weak groundhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0458/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe study aims to analyse the stability of embankments over the improved ground with stone column (SC) and pervious concrete column (PCC) inclusions using limit equilibrium method. The short-term stability of PCC-supported embankment system is rarely addressed. Therefore, the factor of safety (FOS) of column-supported embankment system is calculated using individual column and equivalent area models. The stability analysis of column-supported embankment system is conducted using PLAXIS LE 2D. The various geometrical and shear strength parameters influencing the FOS of these embankment systems such as diameter of columns, spacing between columns, embankment height, friction angle of column material, undrained cohesion of weak ground and cohesion of PCC are considered. The critical failure envelope of PCC-supported embankment system is observed to be of toe failure, whereas the failure envelope of stone column-supported embankment system is generally of deep-seated nature. It is found that for PCC embankment system, FOS and failure envelope are not influenced by the geometrical/shear strength parameters other than height of embankment. However, for stone column-supported embankment system, FOS and failure envelope are dependent on all the shear strength and geometrical parameters considered in this study.Limit equilibrium slope stability analysis of column-supported embankment on weak ground
Rashma R.S.V., Jayalekshmi B.R., Shivashankar R.
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The study aims to analyse the stability of embankments over the improved ground with stone column (SC) and pervious concrete column (PCC) inclusions using limit equilibrium method. The short-term stability of PCC-supported embankment system is rarely addressed. Therefore, the factor of safety (FOS) of column-supported embankment system is calculated using individual column and equivalent area models.

The stability analysis of column-supported embankment system is conducted using PLAXIS LE 2D. The various geometrical and shear strength parameters influencing the FOS of these embankment systems such as diameter of columns, spacing between columns, embankment height, friction angle of column material, undrained cohesion of weak ground and cohesion of PCC are considered.

The critical failure envelope of PCC-supported embankment system is observed to be of toe failure, whereas the failure envelope of stone column-supported embankment system is generally of deep-seated nature.

It is found that for PCC embankment system, FOS and failure envelope are not influenced by the geometrical/shear strength parameters other than height of embankment. However, for stone column-supported embankment system, FOS and failure envelope are dependent on all the shear strength and geometrical parameters considered in this study.

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Limit equilibrium slope stability analysis of column-supported embankment on weak ground10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0458World Journal of Engineering2023-05-25© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRashma R.S.V.Jayalekshmi B.R.Shivashankar R.World Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-2510.1108/WJE-11-2022-0458https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0458/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Oil spills removal from seawater surface by magnetic biochar composite derived from Heglig tree bark and cobalt ferritehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0459/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to explore the possibility of using magnetic biochar composite (MBCC) derived from Heglig tree bark (HTB) powder (agricultural solid waste) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4, CFO) for oil spill removal from seawater surface. One-pot co-precipitation route was used to synthesize MBCC. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The densities of the prepared materials were also estimated. Crude, diesel engine and gasoline engine oils were used as seawater pollutant models. The gravimetric oil removal (GOR) method was used for removing oil spills from seawater using MBCC as a sorbent material. The obtained results revealed that the prepared materials (CFO and MBCC) were able to remove the crude oil and its derivatives from the seawater surface. Besides, when the absorbent amount was 0.01 g, the highest GOR values for crude oil (31.96 ± 1.02 g/g) and diesel engine oil (14.83 ± 0.83 g/g) were obtained using MBCC as an absorbent. For gasoline engine oil, the highest GOR (27.84 ± 0.46 g/g) was attained when CFO was used as an absorbent. Oil spill removal using MBCC derived from cobalt ferrite and HTB. Using tree bark as biomass (eco-friendly, readily available and low-cost) for magnetic biochar preparation also is a promising method for minimizing agricultural solid wastes (e.g. HTB) and obtaining value-added-products.Oil spills removal from seawater surface by magnetic biochar composite derived from Heglig tree bark and cobalt ferrite
Ibrahim A. Amar, Aeshah Alzarouq, Wajdan Mohammed, Mengfei Zhang, Noarhan Matroed
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to explore the possibility of using magnetic biochar composite (MBCC) derived from Heglig tree bark (HTB) powder (agricultural solid waste) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4, CFO) for oil spill removal from seawater surface.

One-pot co-precipitation route was used to synthesize MBCC. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The densities of the prepared materials were also estimated. Crude, diesel engine and gasoline engine oils were used as seawater pollutant models. The gravimetric oil removal (GOR) method was used for removing oil spills from seawater using MBCC as a sorbent material.

The obtained results revealed that the prepared materials (CFO and MBCC) were able to remove the crude oil and its derivatives from the seawater surface. Besides, when the absorbent amount was 0.01 g, the highest GOR values for crude oil (31.96 ± 1.02 g/g) and diesel engine oil (14.83 ± 0.83 g/g) were obtained using MBCC as an absorbent. For gasoline engine oil, the highest GOR (27.84 ± 0.46 g/g) was attained when CFO was used as an absorbent.

Oil spill removal using MBCC derived from cobalt ferrite and HTB. Using tree bark as biomass (eco-friendly, readily available and low-cost) for magnetic biochar preparation also is a promising method for minimizing agricultural solid wastes (e.g. HTB) and obtaining value-added-products.

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Oil spills removal from seawater surface by magnetic biochar composite derived from Heglig tree bark and cobalt ferrite10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0459World Journal of Engineering2023-09-07© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedIbrahim A. AmarAeshah AlzarouqWajdan MohammedMengfei ZhangNoarhan MatroedWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-09-0710.1108/WJE-11-2022-0459https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0459/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modal analysis of rigid pavement resting on two-parameter soil foundation model using finite element frameworkhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0461/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to numerically model the rigid pavement resting on two-parameter soil and to examine its modal parameters. This study is carried out using a one-dimensional beam element with three rotational and three translational degrees of freedom based on the finite element method. MATLAB programming is used to perform the free vibration analysis of the rigid pavement. Cyclic frequency and their corresponding mode shapes were determined. It has been investigated how cyclic frequency changes as a result of variations in the thickness, span length of pavement, shear modulus, modulus of subgrade, different boundary conditions and element discretization. Thickness of the pavement and span length has greater effect on the cyclic frequency. Maximum increase of 29.7% is found on increasing the thickness, whereas the cyclic frequency decreases by 63.49% on increasing span length of pavement. The pavement's free vibration is the sole subject of the current investigation. This study limits for the preliminary design phase of rigid pavements, where a complete three-dimensional finite element analysis is unnecessary. The current approach can be extended to future research using a different method, such as finite element grilling technique, mesh-free technique on reinforced concrete pavements or jointed concrete pavements. The finite element approach adopted in this paper involves six degrees of freedom for each node. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior study has done seven separate parametric investigations on the modal analysis of rigid pavement resting on two-parameter soil.Modal analysis of rigid pavement resting on two-parameter soil foundation model using finite element framework
Khair Ul Faisal Wani, Nallasivam K.
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to numerically model the rigid pavement resting on two-parameter soil and to examine its modal parameters.

This study is carried out using a one-dimensional beam element with three rotational and three translational degrees of freedom based on the finite element method. MATLAB programming is used to perform the free vibration analysis of the rigid pavement.

Cyclic frequency and their corresponding mode shapes were determined. It has been investigated how cyclic frequency changes as a result of variations in the thickness, span length of pavement, shear modulus, modulus of subgrade, different boundary conditions and element discretization. Thickness of the pavement and span length has greater effect on the cyclic frequency. Maximum increase of 29.7% is found on increasing the thickness, whereas the cyclic frequency decreases by 63.49% on increasing span length of pavement.

The pavement's free vibration is the sole subject of the current investigation. This study limits for the preliminary design phase of rigid pavements, where a complete three-dimensional finite element analysis is unnecessary. The current approach can be extended to future research using a different method, such as finite element grilling technique, mesh-free technique on reinforced concrete pavements or jointed concrete pavements.

The finite element approach adopted in this paper involves six degrees of freedom for each node. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior study has done seven separate parametric investigations on the modal analysis of rigid pavement resting on two-parameter soil.

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Modal analysis of rigid pavement resting on two-parameter soil foundation model using finite element framework10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0461World Journal of Engineering2023-06-06© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedKhair Ul Faisal Wani Nallasivam K.World Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-0610.1108/WJE-11-2022-0461https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0461/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Evolution law of mining-induced overburden stratum stress and fracture fields in inclined coal seamhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0470/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to clarify the evolution law of stress field and fracture field during the mining process of inclined coal seam, to prevent the occurrence of roof burst water and impact ground pressure accident during the advancing process of working face. The evolution law of stress-fracture field under different mining conditions of inclined coal seam was studied by using discrete element method and similar material simulation method. The overburden stress at the lower end of the coal seam was mainly transmitted to the deep rock mass on the left side, and the overburden stress at the upper end was mainly transmitted to the floor direction. With the increase of the inclined length of the mining coal seam, the development of the fracture zone gradually evolves from the “irregular arch” form to the “transversely developed trapezoid” form. The development range of the fracture zone was always in the internal area of the stress concentration shell. An original element of this paper is based on the condition that the dip angle of coal seam is 35°, and the evolution law of overburden stress-fracture field during the excavation of coal seam with different lengths was analyzed by UDEC numerical simulation software. The coupling relationship between stress shell and fracture field was proposed, and the development range of fracture zone was determined by stress. The value of this paper is to provide technical support and practical basis for the safety production of a mine working face.Evolution law of mining-induced overburden stratum stress and fracture fields in inclined coal seam
Haodong Fan, Feng Luo, Shuai Gao, Meng Li, Zhen Lv, Geng Sun
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to clarify the evolution law of stress field and fracture field during the mining process of inclined coal seam, to prevent the occurrence of roof burst water and impact ground pressure accident during the advancing process of working face.

The evolution law of stress-fracture field under different mining conditions of inclined coal seam was studied by using discrete element method and similar material simulation method.

The overburden stress at the lower end of the coal seam was mainly transmitted to the deep rock mass on the left side, and the overburden stress at the upper end was mainly transmitted to the floor direction. With the increase of the inclined length of the mining coal seam, the development of the fracture zone gradually evolves from the “irregular arch” form to the “transversely developed trapezoid” form. The development range of the fracture zone was always in the internal area of the stress concentration shell.

An original element of this paper is based on the condition that the dip angle of coal seam is 35°, and the evolution law of overburden stress-fracture field during the excavation of coal seam with different lengths was analyzed by UDEC numerical simulation software. The coupling relationship between stress shell and fracture field was proposed, and the development range of fracture zone was determined by stress. The value of this paper is to provide technical support and practical basis for the safety production of a mine working face.

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Evolution law of mining-induced overburden stratum stress and fracture fields in inclined coal seam10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0470World Journal of Engineering2023-03-01© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedHaodong FanFeng LuoShuai GaoMeng LiZhen LvGeng SunWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-03-0110.1108/WJE-11-2022-0470https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2022-0470/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Artificial intelligence-based surrogate model for computation of the electric field of high voltage transmission line ceramic insulator with corona ringhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2023-0478/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe ionization of the air surrounding the phase conductor in high-voltage transmission lines results in a phenomenon known as the Corona effect. To avoid this, Corona rings are used to dampen the electric field imposed on the insulator. The purpose of this study is to present a fast and intelligent surrogate model for determination of the electric field imposed on the surface of a 120 kV composite insulator, in presence of the Corona ring. Usually, the structural design parameters of the Corona ring are selected through an optimization procedure combined with some numerical simulations such as finite element method (FEM). These methods are slow and computationally expensive and thus, extremely reducing the speed of optimization problems. In this paper, a novel surrogate model was proposed that could calculate the maximum electric field imposed on a ceramic insulator in a 120 kV line. The surrogate model was created based on the different scenarios of height, radius and inner radius of the Corona ring, as the inputs of the model, while the maximum electric field on the body of the insulator was considered as the output. The proposed model was based on artificial intelligence techniques that have high accuracy and low computational time. Three methods were used here to develop the AI-based surrogate model, namely, Cascade forward neural network (CFNN), support vector regression and K-nearest neighbors regression. The results indicated that the CFNN has the highest accuracy among these methods with 99.81% R-squared and only 0.045468 root mean squared error while the testing time is less than 10 ms. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, a surrogate method is proposed for the prediction of the maximum electric field imposed on the high voltage insulators in the presence Corona ring which is faster than any conventional finite element method.Artificial intelligence-based surrogate model for computation of the electric field of high voltage transmission line ceramic insulator with corona ring
Shahin Alipour Bonab, Alireza Sadeghi, Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The ionization of the air surrounding the phase conductor in high-voltage transmission lines results in a phenomenon known as the Corona effect. To avoid this, Corona rings are used to dampen the electric field imposed on the insulator. The purpose of this study is to present a fast and intelligent surrogate model for determination of the electric field imposed on the surface of a 120 kV composite insulator, in presence of the Corona ring.

Usually, the structural design parameters of the Corona ring are selected through an optimization procedure combined with some numerical simulations such as finite element method (FEM). These methods are slow and computationally expensive and thus, extremely reducing the speed of optimization problems. In this paper, a novel surrogate model was proposed that could calculate the maximum electric field imposed on a ceramic insulator in a 120 kV line. The surrogate model was created based on the different scenarios of height, radius and inner radius of the Corona ring, as the inputs of the model, while the maximum electric field on the body of the insulator was considered as the output.

The proposed model was based on artificial intelligence techniques that have high accuracy and low computational time. Three methods were used here to develop the AI-based surrogate model, namely, Cascade forward neural network (CFNN), support vector regression and K-nearest neighbors regression. The results indicated that the CFNN has the highest accuracy among these methods with 99.81% R-squared and only 0.045468 root mean squared error while the testing time is less than 10 ms.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, a surrogate method is proposed for the prediction of the maximum electric field imposed on the high voltage insulators in the presence Corona ring which is faster than any conventional finite element method.

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Artificial intelligence-based surrogate model for computation of the electric field of high voltage transmission line ceramic insulator with corona ring10.1108/WJE-11-2023-0478World Journal of Engineering2024-03-22© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedShahin Alipour BonabAlireza SadeghiMohammad Yazdani-AsramiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2210.1108/WJE-11-2023-0478https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2023-0478/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of gasoline-ethanol blends on the performance of a four stroke engine using Ricardo Wave softwarehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2023-0482/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to assess the performance of fuel blends containing ethanol and gasoline in spark ignition engines. The aim is to explore alternative fuels that can enhance performance while minimizing or eliminating adverse environmental impacts, particularly in the context of limited fossil fuel availability and the need for sustainable alternatives. The authors used the Ricardo Wave software to evaluate the performance of fuel blends with varying ethanol content (represented as E0, E10, E25, E40, E55, E70, E85 and E100) in comparison to gasoline. The assessment involved different composition percentages and was conducted at various engine speeds (1,500, 3,000, 4,500 and 6,000 rpm). This methodology aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how different ethanol-gasoline blends perform under different conditions. The study found that, across all fuel blends, the highest brake power (BP) and the highest brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were observed at 6,000 rpm. Additionally, it was noted that the presence of ethanol in gasoline fuel blends has the potential to increase both the BP and BSFC. These findings suggest that ethanol can positively impact the performance of spark-ignition engines, highlighting its potential as an alternative fuel. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in the automotive industry to find sustainable alternative fuels. The use of Ricardo Wave software for performance assessment and the comprehensive exploration of various ethanol-gasoline blends at different engine speeds add to the originality of the study. The emphasis on the potential of ethanol to enhance engine performance provides valuable insights for motor vehicle manufacturers and researchers working on alternative fuel solutions.Effect of gasoline-ethanol blends on the performance of a four stroke engine using Ricardo Wave software
Paul O. Ukachi, Mathias Ekpu, Sunday C. Ikpeseni, Samuel O. Sada
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of fuel blends containing ethanol and gasoline in spark ignition engines. The aim is to explore alternative fuels that can enhance performance while minimizing or eliminating adverse environmental impacts, particularly in the context of limited fossil fuel availability and the need for sustainable alternatives.

The authors used the Ricardo Wave software to evaluate the performance of fuel blends with varying ethanol content (represented as E0, E10, E25, E40, E55, E70, E85 and E100) in comparison to gasoline. The assessment involved different composition percentages and was conducted at various engine speeds (1,500, 3,000, 4,500 and 6,000 rpm). This methodology aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how different ethanol-gasoline blends perform under different conditions.

The study found that, across all fuel blends, the highest brake power (BP) and the highest brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were observed at 6,000 rpm. Additionally, it was noted that the presence of ethanol in gasoline fuel blends has the potential to increase both the BP and BSFC. These findings suggest that ethanol can positively impact the performance of spark-ignition engines, highlighting its potential as an alternative fuel.

This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in the automotive industry to find sustainable alternative fuels. The use of Ricardo Wave software for performance assessment and the comprehensive exploration of various ethanol-gasoline blends at different engine speeds add to the originality of the study. The emphasis on the potential of ethanol to enhance engine performance provides valuable insights for motor vehicle manufacturers and researchers working on alternative fuel solutions.

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Effect of gasoline-ethanol blends on the performance of a four stroke engine using Ricardo Wave software10.1108/WJE-11-2023-0482World Journal of Engineering2024-02-07© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedPaul O. UkachiMathias EkpuSunday C. IkpeseniSamuel O. SadaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0710.1108/WJE-11-2023-0482https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-11-2023-0482/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Implementation and performance analysis of a novel sliding mode controller for bidirectional DC to DC converter in aircraft applicationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0478/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to implement a closed loop regulated bidirectional DC to DC converter for an application in the electric power system of more electric aircraft. To provide a consistent power supply to all of the electronic loads in an aircraft at the desired voltage level, good efficiency and desired transient and steady-state response, a smart and affordable DC to DC converter architecture in closed loop mode is being designed and implemented. The aircraft electric power system (EPS) uses a bidirectional half-bridge DC to DC converter to facilitate the electric power flow from the primary power source – an AC generator installed on the aircraft engine’s shaft – to the load as well as from the secondary power source – a lithium ion battery – to the load. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries are used because they allow the primary power source to continue recharging them whenever the aircraft engine is running smoothly and because, in the event that the aircraft engine becomes overloaded during takeoff or turbulence, the charged secondary power source can step in and supply the load. A novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode voltage controller based on exponential reaching law is used to keep the load voltage constant under any of the aforementioned circumstances, and its performance is contrasted with a tuned PI controller on the basis of their respective transient and steady-state responses. The former gives a faster and better transient and steady-state response as compared to the latter. This research gives a novel control scheme for incorporating an auxiliary power source, i.e. rechargeable battery, in more electric aircraft EPS. The battery is so implemented that it can get regeneratively charged when primary power supply is capable of handling an additional load, i.e. the battery. The charging and discharging of the battery is carried out in closed loop mode to ensure constant battery terminal voltage, constant battery current and constant load voltage as per the requirement. A novel sliding mode controller is used to improve transient and steady-state response of the system.Implementation and performance analysis of a novel sliding mode controller for bidirectional DC to DC converter in aircraft application
Aditi Sushil Karvekar, Prasad Joshi
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to implement a closed loop regulated bidirectional DC to DC converter for an application in the electric power system of more electric aircraft. To provide a consistent power supply to all of the electronic loads in an aircraft at the desired voltage level, good efficiency and desired transient and steady-state response, a smart and affordable DC to DC converter architecture in closed loop mode is being designed and implemented.

The aircraft electric power system (EPS) uses a bidirectional half-bridge DC to DC converter to facilitate the electric power flow from the primary power source – an AC generator installed on the aircraft engine’s shaft – to the load as well as from the secondary power source – a lithium ion battery – to the load. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries are used because they allow the primary power source to continue recharging them whenever the aircraft engine is running smoothly and because, in the event that the aircraft engine becomes overloaded during takeoff or turbulence, the charged secondary power source can step in and supply the load.

A novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode voltage controller based on exponential reaching law is used to keep the load voltage constant under any of the aforementioned circumstances, and its performance is contrasted with a tuned PI controller on the basis of their respective transient and steady-state responses. The former gives a faster and better transient and steady-state response as compared to the latter.

This research gives a novel control scheme for incorporating an auxiliary power source, i.e. rechargeable battery, in more electric aircraft EPS. The battery is so implemented that it can get regeneratively charged when primary power supply is capable of handling an additional load, i.e. the battery. The charging and discharging of the battery is carried out in closed loop mode to ensure constant battery terminal voltage, constant battery current and constant load voltage as per the requirement. A novel sliding mode controller is used to improve transient and steady-state response of the system.

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Implementation and performance analysis of a novel sliding mode controller for bidirectional DC to DC converter in aircraft application10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0478World Journal of Engineering2023-03-23© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAditi Sushil KarvekarPrasad JoshiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-03-2310.1108/WJE-12-2022-0478https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0478/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Development and characterization of grinding sludge-reinforced aluminum-based composite by friction stir process techniquehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0484/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe quantum of metal particle waste generation in manufacturing industries is posing a great concern for the environment. The iron forging industries generate a huge amount of grinding sludge (GS) waste, which is disposed into the earth. The accumulation of this waste in dump yards causes an increase in soil and air pollution levels. In the current investigation, an effort was made to use this waste GS for the progress of aluminum-based composite. To maintain uniform distribution of reinforcing material, the friction stir processing technique was used. The characterization based on the SEM image of the Al/GS composite revealed that uniform dispersal of reinforcement content can be attained in a single tool pass. Number of grains/inch was approximately 2,402. XRD of GS powder confirmed the presence of SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and CaO phases. These phases proved GS to be a better reinforcement with aluminum alloy. Tensile strength and hardness were significantly improved in comparison to the aluminum alloy. Thermal expansion and corrosion weight loss were evaluated to observe the influence of GS addition. The studies proved that the use of GS as reinforcement material can help in curbing the menace of soil pollution to a large extent.Development and characterization of grinding sludge-reinforced aluminum-based composite by friction stir process technique
Shashi Prakash Dwivedi
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The quantum of metal particle waste generation in manufacturing industries is posing a great concern for the environment. The iron forging industries generate a huge amount of grinding sludge (GS) waste, which is disposed into the earth. The accumulation of this waste in dump yards causes an increase in soil and air pollution levels.

In the current investigation, an effort was made to use this waste GS for the progress of aluminum-based composite. To maintain uniform distribution of reinforcing material, the friction stir processing technique was used.

The characterization based on the SEM image of the Al/GS composite revealed that uniform dispersal of reinforcement content can be attained in a single tool pass. Number of grains/inch was approximately 2,402. XRD of GS powder confirmed the presence of SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and CaO phases. These phases proved GS to be a better reinforcement with aluminum alloy. Tensile strength and hardness were significantly improved in comparison to the aluminum alloy. Thermal expansion and corrosion weight loss were evaluated to observe the influence of GS addition.

The studies proved that the use of GS as reinforcement material can help in curbing the menace of soil pollution to a large extent.

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Development and characterization of grinding sludge-reinforced aluminum-based composite by friction stir process technique10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0484World Journal of Engineering2023-07-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedShashi Prakash DwivediWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-07-1410.1108/WJE-12-2022-0484https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0484/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of inclination angle on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics and entropy generation of AlO–water nanofluid for in-tube turbulent flowhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0487/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestInclination angle has been reported to have an enhancing effect on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics and entropy of some thermal systems. Therefore, this paper aims to numerically investigate the effects of inclination angle, volume concentration and Reynolds number on the thermal and hydraulic characteristics and entropy generation rates of water-based Al2O3 nanofluids through a smooth circular aluminum pipe in a turbulent flow. A constant heat flux of 2,000 Watts is applied to the circular surface of the tube. Reynolds number is varied between 4,000 and 20,000 for different volume concentrations of alumina nanoparticles of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% for tube inclination angles of ±90o, ±60o, ±45o, ±30o and 0o, respectively. The simulation is performed in an ANSYS Fluent environment using the realizable kinetic energy–epsilon turbulent model. Results show that +45o tube orientation possesses the largest thermal deviations of 0.006% for 0.5% and 1.0% vol. concentrations for Reynolds numbers 4,000 and 12,000. −45o gives a maximum pressure deviation of −0.06% for the same condition. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop give maximum deviations of −0.35% and −0.39%, respectively, for 2.0% vol. concentration for Reynolds number of 20,000 and angle ±90o. A 95%–99.8% and 95%–98% increase in the heat transfer and total entropy generation rates, respectively, is observed for 2.0% volume concentration as tube orientation changes from the horizontal position upward or downward. Research investigating the effect of inclination angle on thermal-hydraulic performance and entropy generation rates in-tube turbulent flow of nanofluid is very scarce in the literature.Effect of inclination angle on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics and entropy generation of AlO–water nanofluid for in-tube turbulent flow
Chinedu Chinakwe, Adekunle Adelaja, Michael Akinseloyin, Olabode Thomas Olakoyejo
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Inclination angle has been reported to have an enhancing effect on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics and entropy of some thermal systems. Therefore, this paper aims to numerically investigate the effects of inclination angle, volume concentration and Reynolds number on the thermal and hydraulic characteristics and entropy generation rates of water-based Al2O3 nanofluids through a smooth circular aluminum pipe in a turbulent flow.

A constant heat flux of 2,000 Watts is applied to the circular surface of the tube. Reynolds number is varied between 4,000 and 20,000 for different volume concentrations of alumina nanoparticles of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% for tube inclination angles of ±90o, ±60o, ±45o, ±30o and 0o, respectively. The simulation is performed in an ANSYS Fluent environment using the realizable kinetic energy–epsilon turbulent model.

Results show that +45o tube orientation possesses the largest thermal deviations of 0.006% for 0.5% and 1.0% vol. concentrations for Reynolds numbers 4,000 and 12,000. −45o gives a maximum pressure deviation of −0.06% for the same condition. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop give maximum deviations of −0.35% and −0.39%, respectively, for 2.0% vol. concentration for Reynolds number of 20,000 and angle ±90o. A 95%–99.8% and 95%–98% increase in the heat transfer and total entropy generation rates, respectively, is observed for 2.0% volume concentration as tube orientation changes from the horizontal position upward or downward.

Research investigating the effect of inclination angle on thermal-hydraulic performance and entropy generation rates in-tube turbulent flow of nanofluid is very scarce in the literature.

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Effect of inclination angle on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics and entropy generation of AlO–water nanofluid for in-tube turbulent flow10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0487World Journal of Engineering2023-04-04© Emerald Publishing LimitedChinedu ChinakweAdekunle AdelajaMichael AkinseloyinOlabode Thomas OlakoyejoWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-0410.1108/WJE-12-2022-0487https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0487/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of TiO filler on mechanical and tribological properties of Owen bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy compositehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0495/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to report the effect of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles on the physical, mechanical, tribological and water resistance properties of 5% NaOH-treated bamboo fiber–reinforced composites. In this research, the epoxy/bamboo/TiO2 hybrid composite filled with 0–8 Wt.% TiO2 particles has been fabricated using simple hand layup techniques, and testing of the developed composite was done in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The results of this study indicate that the addition of TiO2 particles improved the mechanical properties of the developed epoxy/bamboo composites. Tensile properties were found to be maximum for 6 Wt.%, and impact strength was found to be maximum for 8 Wt.% TiO2 particles-filled composite. The highest flexural properties were found at a lower TiO2 fraction of 2 Wt.%. Adding TiO2 filler helped to reduce the water absorption rate. The studies related to the wear and friction behavior of the composite under dry and abrasive wear conditions reveal that TiO2 filler was beneficial in improving the wear performance of the composite. This research paper attempts to include both TiO2 filler and bamboo fibers to develop a novel composite material. TiO2 micro and nanoparticles are promising filler materials; it helps to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of the epoxy composites and in literature, there is not much work reported, where TiO2 is used as a filler material with bamboo fiber–reinforced epoxy composites.Effect of TiO filler on mechanical and tribological properties of Owen bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composite
Ravikantha Prabhu, Sharun Mendonca, Pavana Kumara Bellairu, Rudolf Charles DSouza, Thirumaleshwara Bhat
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to report the effect of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles on the physical, mechanical, tribological and water resistance properties of 5% NaOH-treated bamboo fiber–reinforced composites.

In this research, the epoxy/bamboo/TiO2 hybrid composite filled with 0–8 Wt.% TiO2 particles has been fabricated using simple hand layup techniques, and testing of the developed composite was done in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard.

The results of this study indicate that the addition of TiO2 particles improved the mechanical properties of the developed epoxy/bamboo composites. Tensile properties were found to be maximum for 6 Wt.%, and impact strength was found to be maximum for 8 Wt.% TiO2 particles-filled composite. The highest flexural properties were found at a lower TiO2 fraction of 2 Wt.%. Adding TiO2 filler helped to reduce the water absorption rate. The studies related to the wear and friction behavior of the composite under dry and abrasive wear conditions reveal that TiO2 filler was beneficial in improving the wear performance of the composite.

This research paper attempts to include both TiO2 filler and bamboo fibers to develop a novel composite material. TiO2 micro and nanoparticles are promising filler materials; it helps to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of the epoxy composites and in literature, there is not much work reported, where TiO2 is used as a filler material with bamboo fiber–reinforced epoxy composites.

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Effect of TiO filler on mechanical and tribological properties of Owen bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composite10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0495World Journal of Engineering2023-05-30© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRavikantha PrabhuSharun MendoncaPavana Kumara BellairuRudolf Charles DSouzaThirumaleshwara BhatWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-3010.1108/WJE-12-2022-0495https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0495/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Enhancement of combustion and emission characteristics of diesel using lavender oil blendinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0502/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims at improving combustion process to reduce emissions. Emissions such as carbon monoxide, particulate matter and unburnt hydrocarbons are a result of incomplete combustion. These emissions have useful energy but cannot be reclaimed. Hence, to enhance combustion, effect of biofuel blending on diesel combustion was investigated. Essential oils have been found easier for blending with diesel because of simple molecular structure compared to vegetable oils. Lavender oil is an essential oil which has not yet been studied by blending with diesel. The major constituents of lavender oil are linalyl acetate (cetane number improver) and linalool (nitrogen oxides reduction). A single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine was run by blending diesel with lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia oil [LAO]) in varying proportions, 5%, 10% and 15% by volume. Higher heat release rate (HRR) was observed using lavender oil blends compared to pure diesel. Compared to diesel, an increase in brake-specific fuel consumption using blends was observed. LAO15 has the lowest CO emissions at all loading conditions, 29.3% less at 100% load compared to diesel. LAO5 and LAO15 have 6.9% less HC emissions at 100% load condition compared to diesel. LAO15 has only 1.3% higher NOx emissions compared to diesel at 100% load condition. LAO5 has the lowest smoke content at all loading conditions. Lavender oil was used directly without any processing. Tested on single-cylinder engine. To the best of the author’s knowledge, currently, there is no published work on lavender oil–diesel combination. Lavender oil can provide a simple renewable solution for diesel additives with potential up to 15% blending.Enhancement of combustion and emission characteristics of diesel using lavender oil blending
Revanth Kumar Reddy Settypalli
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims at improving combustion process to reduce emissions. Emissions such as carbon monoxide, particulate matter and unburnt hydrocarbons are a result of incomplete combustion. These emissions have useful energy but cannot be reclaimed. Hence, to enhance combustion, effect of biofuel blending on diesel combustion was investigated.

Essential oils have been found easier for blending with diesel because of simple molecular structure compared to vegetable oils. Lavender oil is an essential oil which has not yet been studied by blending with diesel. The major constituents of lavender oil are linalyl acetate (cetane number improver) and linalool (nitrogen oxides reduction). A single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine was run by blending diesel with lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia oil [LAO]) in varying proportions, 5%, 10% and 15% by volume.

Higher heat release rate (HRR) was observed using lavender oil blends compared to pure diesel. Compared to diesel, an increase in brake-specific fuel consumption using blends was observed. LAO15 has the lowest CO emissions at all loading conditions, 29.3% less at 100% load compared to diesel. LAO5 and LAO15 have 6.9% less HC emissions at 100% load condition compared to diesel. LAO15 has only 1.3% higher NOx emissions compared to diesel at 100% load condition. LAO5 has the lowest smoke content at all loading conditions.

Lavender oil was used directly without any processing. Tested on single-cylinder engine.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, currently, there is no published work on lavender oil–diesel combination. Lavender oil can provide a simple renewable solution for diesel additives with potential up to 15% blending.

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Enhancement of combustion and emission characteristics of diesel using lavender oil blending10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0502World Journal of Engineering2023-04-26© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRevanth Kumar Reddy SettypalliWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-04-2610.1108/WJE-12-2022-0502https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0502/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The assessment of structural behaviours of steel framing system – affordable house system designhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0506/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestNowadays, residential buildings have become increasingly important due to the growing communities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of a steel structural framing system that incorporates lightweight load-bearing walls and slabs, and to compare the weight of materials used in cold-formed and hot-finished steel structural systems for affordable housing. Four types of models consisting of 243 members were simulated. Model 1 is a cold-formed steel structural framing system, while Model 2 is a hot-finished steel structural framing system. Both Models 1 and 2 use lightweight wall panels and lightweight composite slabs. Models 3 and 4 are made with brick walls and precast reinforced concrete systems, respectively. These structures use different wall and slab materials, namely, brick walls and precast reinforced concrete. The analysis includes bending behavior, buckling resistance, shear resistance and torsional rotation analysis. This study found that using thinner steel sections can increase the deflection value. Meanwhile, increasing member length and the ratio of slenderness will decrease buckling resistance. As the applied load increases, buckling deformation also increases. Furthermore, decreasing shear area causes a reduction in shear resistance. Thicker sections and the use of lightweight materials can decrease the torsional rotation value. The weight comparison of the steel structures shows that Model 1, which is a cold-formed steel structure with lightweight wall panels and lightweight composite slabs, is the most suitable model due to its lightweight and affordability for housing. This model can also be used as a reference for the optimal design of modular structural framing using cold-formed steel materials in the field of civil engineering and as a promotional tool.The assessment of structural behaviours of steel framing system – affordable house system design
Nor Salwani Hashim, Fatimah De’nan, Nurfarhah Naaim
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Nowadays, residential buildings have become increasingly important due to the growing communities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of a steel structural framing system that incorporates lightweight load-bearing walls and slabs, and to compare the weight of materials used in cold-formed and hot-finished steel structural systems for affordable housing.

Four types of models consisting of 243 members were simulated. Model 1 is a cold-formed steel structural framing system, while Model 2 is a hot-finished steel structural framing system. Both Models 1 and 2 use lightweight wall panels and lightweight composite slabs. Models 3 and 4 are made with brick walls and precast reinforced concrete systems, respectively. These structures use different wall and slab materials, namely, brick walls and precast reinforced concrete. The analysis includes bending behavior, buckling resistance, shear resistance and torsional rotation analysis.

This study found that using thinner steel sections can increase the deflection value. Meanwhile, increasing member length and the ratio of slenderness will decrease buckling resistance. As the applied load increases, buckling deformation also increases. Furthermore, decreasing shear area causes a reduction in shear resistance. Thicker sections and the use of lightweight materials can decrease the torsional rotation value.

The weight comparison of the steel structures shows that Model 1, which is a cold-formed steel structure with lightweight wall panels and lightweight composite slabs, is the most suitable model due to its lightweight and affordability for housing. This model can also be used as a reference for the optimal design of modular structural framing using cold-formed steel materials in the field of civil engineering and as a promotional tool.

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The assessment of structural behaviours of steel framing system – affordable house system design10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0506World Journal of Engineering2023-09-07© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedNor Salwani HashimFatimah De’nanNurfarhah NaaimWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-09-0710.1108/WJE-12-2022-0506https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0506/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of mineral additions on the mechanical behavior of polymer concreteshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0513/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of mineral additions on the mechanical performances of polymer concrete. This study aims to propose a novel approach formulation of polymer concrete based on reduction in the quantity of the binder and disposal of large quantities of industrial by-products and household waste such as the marble, the brick and silica fume whose valuation in polymer concrete could be an interesting ecological and economical alternative. The incorporation of a rate of 10% brick powder affects the distribution of pores inside polymer concrete, that is, the pore diameters become thinner and decrease and the porosity becomes evenly distributed. The recycled mineral brick powder addition in polymer concrete mix improved the mechanical properties. This polymer concrete was prepared by using polyester resin and two different types of sand, following a new formulation based on an empirical method. Furthermore, the optimal binder percentage was of 20% resin and a mixture of 52% dune sand and 48% quarry sand according to the Abrams method. To achieve our objective, five rates (from 2% to 10%) of brick powder, marble powder and silica fume were examined. Afterwards, its mechanical characteristics were evaluated via a three-point flexural with compressive resistance. The findings indicated that the addition of brick, marble and silica fume to polymer concrete increases the flexural strength with 21.84%, 12.76% and 9.07%, respectively. Concerning the compressive strength, the best resistance is that of polymer concretes based on brick powder, and this economic formulation of polymer concrete serves the optimal cost/resistance ratio criteria. It allows an improvement in the mechanical resistance of concrete are obtained by adding brick powder that exceed that of the reference concrete. In the past few decades, there has been several contribution concerning the subject of the reduction of the binder quantity in polymer concretes and adding the industrial and household wastes. However, previous studies revolving around the same area disregarded the effect of the brick powder, which appears scientifically of great importance for enriching the literature.Effect of mineral additions on the mechanical behavior of polymer concretes
Ghania Mirouzi, Amina Houda
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of mineral additions on the mechanical performances of polymer concrete. This study aims to propose a novel approach formulation of polymer concrete based on reduction in the quantity of the binder and disposal of large quantities of industrial by-products and household waste such as the marble, the brick and silica fume whose valuation in polymer concrete could be an interesting ecological and economical alternative. The incorporation of a rate of 10% brick powder affects the distribution of pores inside polymer concrete, that is, the pore diameters become thinner and decrease and the porosity becomes evenly distributed. The recycled mineral brick powder addition in polymer concrete mix improved the mechanical properties.

This polymer concrete was prepared by using polyester resin and two different types of sand, following a new formulation based on an empirical method. Furthermore, the optimal binder percentage was of 20% resin and a mixture of 52% dune sand and 48% quarry sand according to the Abrams method. To achieve our objective, five rates (from 2% to 10%) of brick powder, marble powder and silica fume were examined. Afterwards, its mechanical characteristics were evaluated via a three-point flexural with compressive resistance. The findings indicated that the addition of brick, marble and silica fume to polymer concrete increases the flexural strength with 21.84%, 12.76% and 9.07%, respectively.

Concerning the compressive strength, the best resistance is that of polymer concretes based on brick powder, and this economic formulation of polymer concrete serves the optimal cost/resistance ratio criteria. It allows an improvement in the mechanical resistance of concrete are obtained by adding brick powder that exceed that of the reference concrete.

In the past few decades, there has been several contribution concerning the subject of the reduction of the binder quantity in polymer concretes and adding the industrial and household wastes. However, previous studies revolving around the same area disregarded the effect of the brick powder, which appears scientifically of great importance for enriching the literature.

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Effect of mineral additions on the mechanical behavior of polymer concretes10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0513World Journal of Engineering2023-06-19© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedGhania MirouziAmina HoudaWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-1910.1108/WJE-12-2022-0513https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0513/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Comprehensive experimental study on mechanical properties of a structural concrete lightened by olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewaterhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0514/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to experimentally determine whether mechanical properties of concrete can be improved by using olive pomace aggregates (OPA) as a substitute for natural sand. Two types of OPA were tested by replacing an equivalent amount of natural sand. The first type was OPA mixed with olive mill wastewater (OMW), and the second type was OPA not mixed with OMW. For each type, two series of concrete were produced using OPA in both dry and saturated states. The percentage of partial substitution of natural sand by OPA varied from 0% to 15%. The addition of OPA leads to a reduction in the dry density of hardened concrete, causing a 5.69% decrease in density when compared to the reference concrete. After 28 days, ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated that the resulting material is of good quality, with a velocity of 4.45 km/s. To understand the mechanism of resistance development, microstructural analysis was conducted to observe the arrangement of OPA and calcium silicate hydrates within the cementitious matrix. The analysis revealed that there is a low level of adhesion between the cement matrix and OPA at interfacial transition zone level, which was subsequently validated by further microstructural analysis. The laboratory mechanical tests indicated that the OPCD_OPW (5) sample, containing 5% of OPA, in a dry state and mixed with OMW, demonstrated the best mechanical performance compared to the reference concrete. After 28 days of curing, this sample exhibited a compressive strength (Rc) of 25 MPa. Furthermore, it demonstrated a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa, with rebound values of 27 MPa. The slump of the specimens ranged from 5 cm to 9 cm, falling within the acceptable range of consistency (Class S2). Based on these findings, the OPCD_OPW (5) formulation is considered optimal for use in concrete production. This research paper provides a valuable contribution to the management of OPA and OMW (OPA_OMW) generated from the olive processing industry, which is known to have significant negative environmental impacts. The paper presents an intriguing approach to recycling these materials for use in civil engineering applications.Comprehensive experimental study on mechanical properties of a structural concrete lightened by olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater
Mohamed El Boukhari, Ossama Merroun, Chadi Maalouf, Fabien Bogard, Benaissa Kissi
World Journal of Engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to experimentally determine whether mechanical properties of concrete can be improved by using olive pomace aggregates (OPA) as a substitute for natural sand. Two types of OPA were tested by replacing an equivalent amount of natural sand. The first type was OPA mixed with olive mill wastewater (OMW), and the second type was OPA not mixed with OMW. For each type, two series of concrete were produced using OPA in both dry and saturated states. The percentage of partial substitution of natural sand by OPA varied from 0% to 15%.

The addition of OPA leads to a reduction in the dry density of hardened concrete, causing a 5.69% decrease in density when compared to the reference concrete. After 28 days, ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated that the resulting material is of good quality, with a velocity of 4.45 km/s. To understand the mechanism of resistance development, microstructural analysis was conducted to observe the arrangement of OPA and calcium silicate hydrates within the cementitious matrix. The analysis revealed that there is a low level of adhesion between the cement matrix and OPA at interfacial transition zone level, which was subsequently validated by further microstructural analysis.

The laboratory mechanical tests indicated that the OPCD_OPW (5) sample, containing 5% of OPA, in a dry state and mixed with OMW, demonstrated the best mechanical performance compared to the reference concrete. After 28 days of curing, this sample exhibited a compressive strength (Rc) of 25 MPa. Furthermore, it demonstrated a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa, with rebound values of 27 MPa. The slump of the specimens ranged from 5 cm to 9 cm, falling within the acceptable range of consistency (Class S2). Based on these findings, the OPCD_OPW (5) formulation is considered optimal for use in concrete production.

This research paper provides a valuable contribution to the management of OPA and OMW (OPA_OMW) generated from the olive processing industry, which is known to have significant negative environmental impacts. The paper presents an intriguing approach to recycling these materials for use in civil engineering applications.

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Comprehensive experimental study on mechanical properties of a structural concrete lightened by olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0514World Journal of Engineering2023-06-21© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMohamed El BoukhariOssama MerrounChadi MaaloufFabien BogardBenaissa KissiWorld Journal of Engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-06-2110.1108/WJE-12-2022-0514https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WJE-12-2022-0514/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited