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Journal cover: Emerald Management Reviews

Emerald Management Reviews

ISSN: 1474-6085
Online from: 1988

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Servant leadership: development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment


Document Information:
Title:Servant leadership: development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment
Author(s):Liden R C, Wayne S J, Zhao H, Henderson D
Journal:Leadership Quarterly, Apr 2008, Volume: 19 Issue: 2 pp.161-177 (17 pages)
Issn:1048-9843
Keywords: Employees Development, Ethics, Leadership, Quality Management, Transformational Leadership
Article type:Research paper
Reference:37AM605 (Permanent URL)
Abstract: Purpose - Establishes leaders' behaviours that serve the needs of followers, and larger communities, both internal and external to the organization.

Design/methodology/approach - Develops and tests a multidimensional measure of servant leadership and examines the validity of the new scale within a multi-level framework. Drawing on the servant leadership literature, identifies nine servant leadership dimensions; outlines a number of hypotheses; tests these on two samples involving students and employees and supervisors.

Findings - Outlines how support was found for seven servant leadership dimensions proving the constructs validity; puts forward how the ability of servant leadership at the individual level to explain community citizenship, in-house performance and organizational commitment distinguishes it both from transformational leadership and leader-member exchange theory; highlights how the servant leadership dimension 'behaving ethically' was highly related to role performance.

Research limitations/implications - Cross sectional design; adopt a longitudinal study design; examine servant leadership in countries other than the US.

Practical implications - Organizations should select those people interested in providing support and guidance to employees.

Originality/value - Presents a multidimensional measure of servant leadership.



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