Change or die: The adoption of biotechnology in the Japanese and U.S. pharmaceutical industries

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Research on Technological Innovation, Management and Policy

ISSN: 0737-1071
Series editor(s): Professor Robert A. Burgelman and Professor Henry Chesbrough

Subject Area: Enterprise and Innovation

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Document Information:
Title:	Change or die: The adoption of biotechnology in the Japanese and U.S. pharmaceutical industries
Author(s):	Michael R. Darby, Lynne G. Zucker
Volume:	7 Editor(s): Robert A. Burgelman, Henry Chesbrough ISBN: 978-0-76230-811-8 eISBN: 978-1-84950-118-7
Citation:	Michael R. Darby, Lynne G. Zucker (2001), Change or die: The adoption of biotechnology in the Japanese and U.S. pharmaceutical industries, in Robert A. Burgelman, Henry Chesbrough (ed.) Comparative Studies of Technological Evolution (Research on Technological Innovation, Management and Policy, Volume 7), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.85-125
DOI:	10.1016/S0737-1071(01)01005-8 (Permanent URL)
Publisher:	Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Article type:	Full length article
Abstract:	Biotechnology revolutionized drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry, making adoption a key determinant of long-term survival in the industry. In the U.S., where and when firms adopted biotechnology was largely determined by location of actively publishing academic “star” bio-scientists. The location of “stars” in Japan had a similar effect but significantly lower impact. Restrictions on stars in national universities on holding equity interest or founding roles in new firms (in contrast to their American colleagues) were especially important. In general, Japanese institutions reduced the importance of star scientists in developing a biotechnology industry in Japan compared to the U.S.