Outsiders within the higher circles: Two first ladies as cultural icons in a racialized politics of difference

Cheryl Townsend Gilkes

doi:10.1108/S0195-7449(2010)0000016006

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Research in Race and Ethnic Relations

ISSN: 0195-7449
Series editor(s): Dr Donald Cunnigen and Dr Marino A Bruce

Subject Area: Sociology and Public Policy

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Outsiders within the higher circles: Two first ladies as cultural icons in a racialized politics of difference

Document Information:
Title:	Outsiders within the higher circles: Two first ladies as cultural icons in a racialized politics of difference
Author(s):	Cheryl Townsend Gilkes
Volume:	16 Editor(s): Donald Cunnigen, Marino A. Bruce ISBN: 978-0-85724-167-2 eISBN: 978-0-85724-168-9
Citation:	Cheryl Townsend Gilkes (2010), Outsiders within the higher circles: Two first ladies as cultural icons in a racialized politics of difference, in Donald Cunnigen, Marino A. Bruce (ed.) Race in the Age of Obama (Research in Race and Ethnic Relations, Volume 16), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.55-75
DOI:	10.1108/S0195-7449(2010)0000016006 (Permanent URL)
Publisher:	Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Article type:	Chapter Item
Abstract:	Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy and Michelle Robinson Obama are two First Ladies of the United States whose racial-ethnic, personal, and family characteristics made them the objects of inordinate public fascination. Using Patricia Hill Collins's concept, the “outsider within,” this chapter explores Kennedy and Obama's emergence as cultural icons and their marginal relationship with the white Protestant American governing class. As wives of presidents and specific to her generation, each woman brought superior professional credentials to their public roles. As cultural icons who differ from the white racial frame, they are subjected to excessive media scrutiny, evaluation, and supervision. Both women exercise cultural agency from their positions as cultural icons, particularly utilizing ceremonial activities and the power of the White House to oppose cultural erasure and exclusion of minority groups and to provide models of social inclusion. Analysis of their roles highlights the continuing importance of wives to the acquisition and maintenance of power and to the role of elites in offering models of social justice.