The Bayh-Dole Act and High-Technology Entrepreneurship in U.S. Universities: Chicken, Egg, or Something Else?

David C. Mowery

doi:10.1016/S1048-4736(05)16002-0

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Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation & Economic Growth

ISSN: 1048-4736
Series editor(s): Sherry Hoskinson and Donald Kuratko

Subject Area: Enterprise and Innovation

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The Bayh-Dole Act and High-Technology Entrepreneurship in U.S. Universities: Chicken, Egg, or Something Else?

Document Information:
Title:	The Bayh-Dole Act and High-Technology Entrepreneurship in U.S. Universities: Chicken, Egg, or Something Else?
Author(s):	David C. Mowery
Volume:	16 Editor(s): Gary D. Libecap ISBN: 978-0-76231-230-6 eISBN: 978-1-84950-359-4
Citation:	David C. Mowery (2005), The Bayh-Dole Act and High-Technology Entrepreneurship in U.S. Universities: Chicken, Egg, or Something Else?, in Gary D. Libecap (ed.) University Entrepreneurship and Technology Transfer (Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation & Economic Growth, Volume 16), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.39-68
DOI:	10.1016/S1048-4736(05)16002-0 (Permanent URL)
Publisher:	Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Article type:	Chapter Item
Abstract:	Academic entrepreneurship (defined in this case as the involvement of university faculty and researchers in commercial development of their inventions) has been a unique characteristic of the U.S. higher education system for most of the past 100 years. This long history of interaction, as well as academic patenting and licensing, contributed to the formation of the political coalitions that led to the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980. This paper reviews the evidence on university–industry interactions and technology transfer, focusing in particular on the role of the Bayh-Dole Act in (allegedly) transforming this relationship. I also examine recent research that considers the Act's effects on the formation of new, knowledge-based firms that seek to exploit university inventions. This research is in its infancy, and much remains to be done if we are to better understand the relationships among high-technology entrepreneurship, the foundation of new firms, and the patenting and licensing activities of U.S. universities before and after 1980.