Absorption of labor

, 221

Allocative efficiency (AE)

, 241

Analysis propensity score matching

, 247–248

Analytical hierarchy process (AHP)

, 256, 327–328

Area-based farmer empowerment program

, 128

Asset efficiency

, 95–96, 100, 103

Asymmetric information

, 302–303

Attributes

, 326

Average variance extracted (AVE)

, 9, 141

Badan Kredit Desa (BKD)

, 189, 193, 197–198

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS)

, 188

Balance sheet

, 97

Banking institutions

, 238

Brief message framework

, 75

BukaLapak

, 75

Business sector

, 218

idea creation

, 46

planning

, 46

plan writing, educator competencies

, 49

Cafe Sawah

, 320

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)

, 194–196

Cash ratio (RK)

, 193

CBT planning approach

, 323–324

Center of the capital city, district/city

, 129

Central government regulation

, 326–327, 336–337

Cilacap Regency

, 190, 197

Coefficient value

, 14

Coffee supply chain, West Java Indonesia

business globalization era

, 227

collaborative planning

, 233–234

data and information sharing

, 232–233

data and methodology

, 228–229

decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)

, 229–230

forecasting optimization

, 233

Industrial Revolution 4.0

, 228

information technology

, 227

third subsystem

, 230

visibility and accuracy of information

, 228

West Java Coffee Supply Chain

, 229

Collaborative planning

, 233–234

Community dimension

, 306

Community opportunities

, 111

Companies finance

, 98

Conceptual framework

, 99, 138–139

Constant value

, 29

Consumer buying interest

, 70

Content marketing

consumer buying interest

, 70

digital marketing

, 71

focus group discussion (FGD)

, 72

Instagram

, 75

key performance indicators (KPIs)

, 75–76

marketing strategy

, 70–71

marketplaces

, 70

SMEs products

, 71

social media content marketing (SMCM)

, 75–76

strategy

, 71

Tokopedia

, 75

WhatsApp

, 75

Control variables

, 313–314

Convergence matrix

, 156

Convergent validity/reliability

, 142–143

Corn farming, Dompu District

convergence matrix (3CAA)

, 156

data

, 154–157

data analysis method

, 154–157

determinant actors

, 156–157

expensive transaction

, 152

Field Extension Workers (FEW)

, 167

Focus Group Discussion (FDG)

, 154

KAKI Model

, 167

Method, Actors, Objectives, Force Results (MACTOR)

, 156–157, 167

methodology

, 154–157

MICMAC analysis

, 154, 157, 159

relay variables

, 157–158

variables

, 158

Corporate disclosure

, 301–303, 305–307, 309, 311–312

Correlation matrix

, 179

COVID-19 pandemic, East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENT)

analytical hierarchy process (AHP)

, 256

economic growth

, 254–255, 257–258

formulating policy

, 270–274

Gini ratio

, 261–262

gross regional domestic product

, 255

human development index

, 262

internal and external factors

, 266

local government policies

, 257–261

macroeconomics

, 262–265

methods

, 256–257

poverty

, 255, 258, 260

priority setting

, 256–257

problem decomposition

, 270–274

regional economic development

, 255

social aspect strategic issues

, 265

strategic issues

, 257, 259–261

SWOT analysis

, 256, 265

UMKM empowerment fund

, 273–274

unemployment

, 255, 260–261

Covin theory

, 3–4

Customary norms/laws

, 326–327

Data analysis method

, 154, 157, 243–244, 306

Data and information sharing

, 232–233

Data collection technique

, 50–51, 243

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method

, 241

Data processing

, 282–287

Debt

, 240–241

Debtor dimension

, 305

Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)

, 229–230

Default of debt (DOD)

, 112, 114–115, 117

Dependent statistical analysis

, 248

Descriptive statistics

, 28

Digital marketing

, 71

Discretionary accruals (DACC)

, 176

Discriminant validity

, 141

Domestic economic turnover

, 219

Domestic products

, 219

Economic dimensions

, 326, 330

Education handling program

, 129

Educator competencies

, 43–44

business plan writing

, 49

Efficiency theory

, 241

Efficient Market Hypothesis

, 98

Employee dimension

, 305

Empowerment pattern

, 128

Entrepreneurial competencies

, 4–7

organization capability

, 6

small firm performance

, 5–7

Entrepreneurial education

components of

, 44–45

data analysis result

, 51–52

data and data source

, 50

data collection technique

, 50–51

definition

, 44

educator competencies

, 43

entrepreneurial intention

, 47–48

entrepreneurship curriculum

, 48

entrepreneurship intention

, 47

hypothesis testing

, 53–58

hypothesis 1 testing

, 53–55

hypothesis 2 testing

, 55

hypothesis 3 testing

, 55–56

hypothesis 4 testing

, 57–58

idea generation

, 48

learning orientation

, 47–48

pedagogical approach

, 43

population and sample

, 50

reliability testing

, 52

research design

, 50

research implication

, 58–59

research method

, 50–51

respondents description

, 51

structural model evaluation

, 52–53

teaching methods

, 43

university support system

, 43

validity testing

, 51

Entrepreneurial intention

, 47–48

Entrepreneurial orientation

, 3

Entrepreneurs

, 111

Entrepreneurship

, 46–47

business idea creation

, 46

business opportunity identification

, 48

business planning

, 46

curriculum

, 44, 48

innovation

, 46

intention

, 47

opportunity identification

, 46

pedagogy

, 44

perception

, 47

startup business

, 46–48

teaching method

, 44

Environmental agency

, 325

Environmental concern (EC)

, 138

Environmental damage

, 136

Environmental dimensions

, 328

attributes

, 325–326

Environmental turbulence

, 3

Equity finance

, 97

Expenses efficiency

, 100–103

Expenses management

, 99

Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)

asymmetric information

, 302–303

community dimension

, 306

control variables

, 313–314

corporate disclosure

, 301–303, 307, 309, 311–312

corporate disclosure indicator

, 305–306

data analysis method

, 306

data and methodology

, 303–306

debtor dimension

, 305

employee dimension

, 305

information asymmetry

, 307, 312–314

Korean stock market

, 303

MSC

, 300

statistical results

, 307

stock prices

, 314

top management dimension

, 305

turnover

, 301–302

variable operational

, 304

Facebook

, 34

Family business

COVID-19 pandemic

, 35

data and methodology

, 35

Facebook

, 34

father’s role

, 39

findings

, 35–39

Instagram

, 34

professionalism

, 34

social networking

, 34

three family companies

, 36–38

Farmers Exchange Rate

, 124

Father’s role

, 39

FDISTRESS

, 178

Field Extension Workers (FEW)

, 167

Financial distress

, 96–97

Financial health assessment

, 194–196

Financial inclusion

, 110–112

Financial ratios

, 99

Financial services

, 109–110

Financing

, 246–247

source

, 239–240

Fish Auction Place (TPI)

, 245

Fisherman’s non-formal financing

, 240–241

Fishermen capacity development program

, 128

Fixed assets growth

, 104

Focus group discussion (FGD)

, 72, 287, 289–290

Forecasting optimization

, 233

Foreign markets absorption

, 218

Formal financing, cooperatives and banks

, 239–240

Formulating policy

, 270–274

Gini ratio

, 261–262

Government institutions

, 326–327

Government intervention

, 240–241

Government-private cooperation

, 218

Green entrepreneurs

, 136

Green marketing

, 137

Gross regional domestic product

, 255

Growth domestic product (GDP)

, 319–320

Gubugklakah village

, 329

Health care program

, 129–130

High leveraged companies

, 180–181

Human capital

, 117–118

investment

, 109–110

Human development index (HDI)

, 124, 262

Human resource focus

, 204

Human resource transformation

, 192

Hypothesis testing

, 53–58

hypothesis 1 testing

, 53–55

hypothesis 2 testing

, 55

hypothesis 3 testing

, 55–56

hypothesis 4 testing

, 57–58

Idea generation

, 48

Income and technical efficiency

, 249–250

Independent statistical analysis

, 248

In-depth interview

, 196–198

Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)

, 95–96, 175–176

Industrial Revolution 4.0

, 228

Informal business sector

, 218

Information asymmetry

, 307, 312–314

Information technology

, 111, 227

Infrastructure

, 218

Initial Public Offering (IPO)

, 191–192

Innovation

, 46, 49–50

Instagram

, 34, 75

Institutional dimensions

, 326–327, 336

Intrinsic religiosity

, 86

KAKI Model

, 167

Key performance indicators (KPIs)

, 75–76

Knowledge management

, 210

Korean stock market

, 303

LADESTA

, 335–336

Large-scale companies

, 180–181

Latent constructs, roots and correlations among

, 9

Latent variables, correlations among

, 143

Lazada

, 75

Leadership

, 203, 208–209

Learning orientation

, 47–48

common vision

, 45

critical thinking

, 45

interest

, 45–46

learning commitment

, 45

sharing of knowledge

, 45

Leverage ratio (LEV)

, 193

Liabilities

, 97

Line

, 75

Liquidity

, 103–104

LITBANG

, 326–327, 335

Local economic development (LED)

, 324–325

Local government policies

, 257–261, 326–327

Macroeconomics

, 3, 262, 265

Malcom Bridge National Quality Award (MBNQA)

, 204–205

analysis

, 203, 210

concept

, 203–205

customer and market focus

, 203

customer category

, 209–210

human resource focus

, 204

knowledge management

, 203, 210

leadership

, 203, 208–209

measurement

, 203, 210

operational category

, 211

process management

, 204

quality management system

, 202

relationship between

, 213–214

research methodology

, 205–206

score total

, 212–213

SME concept

, 203

SME sample profile

, 206–207

strategic planning

, 203

strategy

, 209

workforce category

, 211

Managerial implications

, 293

Managerial judgment

, 182

Marketing strategy

, 70–71

Mass tourism strategy

, 287–289

Measurement model/inner model

, 11–15

Method, Actors, Objectives, Force Results (MACTOR)

, 156–157, 167

MICMAC analysis

, 154, 157, 159

Microfinance institution transformation

, 192–193

Millennials

composite reliability (CR)

, 141

data analysis

, 141–143

data collection and procedure

, 140

measurement model

, 141

measures

, 140–141

procedure

, 140

structural model

, 141–143

Model/outer model measurement

, 9

Monitoring mechanism

, 175

Moral intensity

, 83–86

Multiple linear regression analysis test

, 29

National disaster relief agency

, 289–290

Nearest neighbor matching (NNM)

, 242

Non-formal microfinance

, 192–193

Number of borrower

, 114

Number of dropout elementary school students

, 30–31

Operational category

, 211

Opportunistic behavior

correlation matrix

, 179

descriptive statistics

, 178

discretionary accruals (DACC)

, 176

earnings management practices

, 173, 175

FDISTRESS

, 178

high leveraged companies

, 180–181

hypothesis development

, 174–175

Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)

, 175–176

large-scale companies

, 180–181

managerial judgment

, 182

monitoring mechanism

, 175

profitability variable (PROFIT)

, 174–175, 178, 180

research methodology

, 175–177

return on assets (ROA)

, 177

sample selection

, 178

Opportunity identification

, 46

Outdoor tourism risks

, 280

Owners of business premises

, 325

Partial hypothesis test

, 15–16

competitive sphere toward small firm performance

, 15

entrepreneurial competence toward competitive sphere

, 15

entrepreneurial competence toward small firm performance

, 15

firm performance, organization capability toward

, 16

organization capability, entrepreneurial competence toward

, 16

simultaneous hypothesis testing

, 16

Partial regression coefficient test

, 30

Participatory poverty analysis (PPA)

, 131

Path coefficient, significance level

, 143

Pedagogical approach

, 43

Pengambek

, 238–239, 247

Perception

, 47

PLS-SEM

, 7

POKDARWIS

, 335

Poor fishing communities

, 128–129

Poverty

, 117–118, 188, 255, 258, 260

alleviation implementation

, 125–126

Poverty factor (POV)

, 220

Poverty reduction

, 126–128

area-based farmer empowerment program

, 128

center of the capital city, district/city

, 129

concepts

, 124–125

education handling program

, 129

empowerment pattern

, 128

Farmers Exchange Rate (NTP)

, 124

fishermen capacity development program

, 128

health care program

, 129–130

Human Development Index (HDI)

, 124

indicators

, 124–125

ladder

, 128

multidimensional

, 123–124

participatory poverty analysis (PPA)

, 131

policy strategy

, 130

poor fishing communities

, 128–129

poverty alleviation implementation

, 125–126

poverty reduction efforts

, 126–127

poverty reduction program

, 127–128

provincial and district/city governments

, 131

rural/agricultural development

, 128

Sula Islands Regency

, 124

urban poverty reduction

, 129

P2P Lending

community opportunities

, 111

default of debt (DOD)

, 112, 114–115, 117

descriptions

, 113

entrepreneurs

, 111

financial inclusion

, 110–112

financial services

, 109–110

human capital

, 117–118

human capital investment

, 109–110, 112

information technology inclusion

, 111

number of borrower

, 114

poor education

, 109–110

poverty

, 117–118

technology inclusion

, 110, 112, 117–118

variables

, 113

VECM

, 114–115, 117–118

Priority setting

, 256–257

Problem decomposition

, 270–274

Process management

, 204

Production absorption

, 218

Production efficiency

, 241

Pro-environmental attitude

, 138–139

Professionalism

, 34

PROFIT

, 178

Profitability

, 100–103

Propensity score matching (PSM)

, 241–244, 249–250

Provincial and district/city governments

, 131

Pujon Kidul

, 333–334

tourism village

, 320

Purchasing ethics, entrepreneurship

analysis results

, 87–89

moral intensity

, 83–86

operational definition of variables

, 87

religiosity

, 83, 85–86

research methods

, 86–89

self-concept

, 83–86

Quality management system

, 202

Quantitative calculation

, 221

Quick ratio (RC)

, 193

Reference Group (RG)

, 138–139

Regional economic development

, 255

Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP)

constant value

, 29

descriptive statistics

, 28

education

, 26

literature review

, 27

multiple linear regression analysis test

, 29

number of dropout elementary school students

, 30–31

partial regression coefficient test

, 30

sample determination technique

, 27–28

Reliability

, 9, 11, 52

Religiosity

, 83, 85–86

Research

design

, 50

implication

, 58–59

method

, 50–51

methodology

, 175–177

methods

, 86–89

time of

, 243

type of

, 242–243

Respondents description

, 51

Respondents’ profile

, 8

Return on assets (ROA)

, 177, 193

Risk analysis

, 282

Risk categories analysis

, 290–293

Risk concept

, 279–280

Risk identification

, 281, 283–284

Risk matrix

, 282

Risk perception

, 288

Rural/agricultural development

, 128

Rural microfinance institutions, Indonesia

Badan Kredit Desa (BKD)

, 189, 193, 197–198

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS)

, 188

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)

, 194–196

Cash ratio (RK)

, 193

Cilacap Regency

, 190, 197

financial health assessment

, 194–196

human resource transformation

, 192

in-depth interview

, 196–198

Initial Public Offering (IPO)

, 191–192

leverage ratio (LEV)

, 193

Micro Finance Institution (MFI)

, 189

microfinance institutions

, 192–193, 197

non-formal microfinance

, 192–193

poverty

, 188

poverty reduction strategy

, 191–192

Quick ratio (RC)

, 193

return on assets (ROA)

, 193

rural poverty

, 190–191

solvency ratio (SOL)

, 193

Village Law No. 6/2014 (Village Law)

, 188

village level, microfinance at

, 189

Rural poverty

, 190–191

Sample determination technique

, 27–28, 243

Sample selection

, 178

Sanankerto, educational content in

, 334

School Operational Assistance Fund (SOAF)

constant value

, 29

descriptive statistics

, 28

education

, 26

literature review

, 27

multiple linear regression analysis test

, 29

number of dropout elementary school students

, 30–31

partial regression coefficient test

, 30

sample determination technique

, 27–28

Self-concept

, 83–86

Sendang Biru, fishing business in

, 244–246

Sensitive attribute

, 329

Setting context

, 281

Shape

, 75

Slevin theory

, 3–4

Small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)

average variance extracted (AVE)

, 9

coefficient value

, 14

Covin theory

, 3–4

data

, 7–8

entrepreneurial competencies

, 4–7

organization capability

, 6

small firm performance

, 5–7

entrepreneurial orientation

, 3

environmental turbulence

, 3

estimation result

, 14

latent constructs, roots and correlations among

, 9

macroeconomic conditions

, 3

measurement model/inner model

, 11–15

methodology

, 7–8

model/outer model measurement

, 9

partial hypothesis test

, 15–16

PLS-SEM

, 7

reliability

, 9–11

research model framework

, 7

respondents’ profile

, 8

Slevin theory

, 3–4

strategic entrepreneurial posture

, 3

structural model

, 12–13

Small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs)

, 238

Small-scale fisheries

, 237–238

Social aspect strategic issues

, 265

Social media content marketing (SMCM)

, 75–76

Social networking

, 34

Social service

, 325

Solvency ratio (SOL)

, 193

Startup business

, 46–47

Statement of financial position

, 97

Stock prices

, 314

Stock return

, 96, 103

Strategic entrepreneurial posture

, 3

Strategic issues

, 257, 259–261

Structural model evaluation

, 52–53

Sula Islands Regency

, 124

Sustainable tourism

, 321–322

SWOT analysis

, 256, 265

Teaching methods

, 43

Technical efficiency (TE)

, 241

Technology inclusion

, 110, 112, 117–118

Third subsystem

, 230

Three family companies

, 36–38

Tokopedia

, 75

Top management dimension

, 305

Total liabilities to total assets (TLTA)

, 97

Tourism office

, 290, 325

Tourism risk management

business actors and communities

, 290–292

conceptual framework

, 279–280

data and methodology

, 280–282

data processing

, 282–287

Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

, 287, 289–290

managerial implications

, 293

mass tourism strategy

, 287–289

national disaster relief agency

, 289–290

outdoor tourism risks

, 280

research stages

, 281–282

risk analysis

, 282

risk categories analysis

, 290–293

risk concept

, 279–280

risk identification

, 281, 283–284

risk matrix

, 282

risk perception

, 288

setting context

, 281

theoretical implications

, 293

tourism office

, 290

Tourism village

accessibility

, 326

analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method

, 327–328

attributes

, 326

Cafe Sawah

, 320

CBT planning approach

, 323–324

central government regulation

, 326–327, 336–337

conceptual framework

, 325

customary norms/laws

, 326–327

data and methodology

, 325–328

economic dimensions

, 326, 330

environmental agency

, 325

environmental dimensions

, 325–326, 328

government institutions

, 326–327

growth domestic product (GDP)

, 319–320

Gubugklakah village

, 329

institutional dimensions

, 326–327, 336

LADESTA

, 335–336

LITBANG

, 326–327, 335

local economic development (LED)

, 324–325

local government regulations

, 326–327

owners of business premises

, 325

POKDARWIS

, 335

Pujon Kidul

, 333–334

Pujon Kidul tourism village

, 320

Sanankerto, educational content in

, 334

sensitive attribute

, 329

social service

, 325

sociocultural dimensions

, 326, 334

sustainable tourism

, 321–323

tourism office

, 325

Village Community Empowerment Service

, 325

Tradeoff Theory

, 97

Traditional financial instruments

, 238

Tuna fishing business

banking institutions

, 238

data analysis

, 243–244

data and methodology

, 242–244

data collection

, 243

debt

, 240–241

dependent statistical analysis

, 248

efficiency theory

, 241

financing

, 239–240, 246–247

Fisherman’s non-formal financing

, 240–241

formal financing, cooperatives and banks

, 239–240

income and technical efficiency

, 249–250

independent statistical analysis

, 248

location and

, 243

opportunities of

, 247–249

Pengambek

, 238–239

propensity score matching (PSM)

, 243–244, 249–250

prosperity score matching (PSM)

, 241–242

research time

, 243

research type

, 242–243

sample determining technique

, 243

Sendang Biru, Fishing Business In

, 244–246

small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs)

, 238

Turnover

, 301–302

UMKM empowerment fund

, 273–274

Unemployment

, 255, 260–261

University environment

, 45

University support system

, 43, 49–50

Urban poverty reduction

, 129

Validity testing

, 51

Variable operational definition

, 304

VECM

, 114–115, 117–118

default of debt (DOD)

, 114–115, 117

descriptions

, 113

human capital

, 117–118

number of borrower

, 114

poverty

, 117–118

technology inclusion

, 117–118

variables

, 113

Village Community Empowerment Service

, 325

Village Law No. 6/2014 (Village Law)

, 188

Village level, microfinance at

, 189

Visibility and accuracy of information

, 228

West Java Coffee Supply Chain

, 229

WhatsApp

, 75

Willingness to pay premium (WTP)

, 138–139

World Bank

, 220