OCLC Systems & Services

IMPACT: working together to address the challenges involving mass digitization of historical printed text : Table of Contents

Hildelies Balk, Lieke Ploeger — Sat Nov 14 08:00:19 GMT 2009

Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the most urgent challenges that libraries face in the mass digitization of historical printed text: the unsatisfactory result of the conversion of scanned images to full featured electronic text by means of automated optical character recognition (OCR); the historical language barrier around 1850, caused by inadequacy of most existing lexica for historical language for OCR or post-correction and a lack of institutional knowledge and expertise in libraries, museums and archives. Design/methodology/approach – In the EC-funded project IMPACT (Improving Access to Text), seven libraries, six research institutes and two private sector companies across Europe work together to address the challenges by the development of OCR software and technologies which exceed the accurateness of current state-of-the-art software significantly. The IMPACT solutions focus on the entire process of recognition after the document leaves the scanner: Image processing, OCR processing (including use of dictionaries), OCR correction and Document formatting. IMPACT will also build capacity in mass digitization by sharing best practice and expertise with the cultural heritage communities in Europe. Findings – Technical results will include toolkits for image enhancement and segmentation, an adaptive OCR engine and several prototypes of experimental OCR engines, computational lexica and several post-correction modules including a web based collaborative correction system and a parser for structural metadata. Strategic tools include several decision support tools, guidelines, a web site with demonstrator platform, a training programme and ultimately, a sustainable Centre of Competence for mass digitization in Europe. Originality/value – The IMPACT solutions will allow for the first time to transform large amounts of digitized historical texts into electronic text with a minimum of manual interference and a significantly improved accessibility for the user.

Applied digital library project management: Using Pugh matrix analysis in complex decision-making situations : Table of Contents

H. Frank Cervone — Sat Nov 14 08:00:19 GMT 2009

Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to define and describe Pugh matrix analysis as a method for decision making when there are multiple criteria that must be factored into a decision. Design/methodology/approach – Using theory and example, the author relates the use of Pugh matrix analysis to the successful selection of prioritized criteria in digital library projects. Findings – Pugh matrix analysis (PMA) is useful as a method for determining a course of action as well as gaining consensus with a project team. Because it is based on multiple criteria decision analysis techniques, PMA can help a team understand the relationship of multiple issues within a project as well as the individual perspectives project team members and the user community bring to the issues at hand. Originality/value – This paper fills a gap in the digital library project management literature by providing an overview of a useful tool to prioritize the issues, factors, and courses of action within a project that has multiple criteria decision points.

Exposing the history of Europe: the creation of a structure to enable time-spatial searching of historical resources within a European framework : Table of Contents

Paula J. Aucott, Alexander von Lünen, Humphrey Southall — Sat Nov 14 08:00:19 GMT 2009

Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a knowledgebase supporting a prototype Europe-wide time-spatial search interface for historical resources. It discusses how this structure could be used to access other types of digital heritage content. Design/methodology/approach – By using a relational database with spatial capabilities, a multi-lingual search structure has been created which supports a temporal map and a facetted browser, collaborative facilities and a heritage resource viewer, with links to online catalogues. Findings – Combining data from three states with very different histories identified the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. The framework's flexibility means it could easily be re-purposed to support front ends to other types of cultural content. Research limitations/implications – Due to the variability in the administrative unit source data, its initial integration required significant manipulation to achieve consistency; however, the benefits of data assimilation ensure the base framework is as efficient as possible. Practical implications – Usage levels of on-line cultural resources will be far higher if ordinary users can access them via access routes which have meaning for them, such as by locality/place. Ontology-based geographical frameworks are much easier to search by place name than are conventional GIS systems, and vastly more accessible to search engines. Originality/value – This interface demonstrates the potential for integrating data from any number of different national organisations into a single user tool. It also highlights the potential for utilising the underlying structure in multiple contexts.

Digital library of the Caribbean: a user-centric model for technology development in collaborative digitization projects : Table of Contents

Mark Sullivan, Marilyn N. Ochoa — Sat Nov 14 08:00:19 GMT 2009

Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the technological approach used by the Digital Library of the Caribbean project to build an international collaborative library across many separate institutions with varying degrees of expertise, technological abilities, and motivations. Design methodology/approach – A freely-distributed digitization toolkit was developed to assist with tracking and digitization of the distributed resources. In addition, on-site training was provided for most partners and was open for anyone in the area to attend. The strong emphasis on branding and presenting the same data within differently branded interfaces in the web presence encouraged greater participation of international partners. Findings – Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC), a joint project of the University of Florida, University of Virgin Islands and Florida International University in partnership with institutions in the Caribbean and circum-Caribbean, serves as the access point for scholars, students and citizens of interdisciplinary Caribbean and circum-Caribbean research and gathers together a critical mass of cultural, historical and research materials originally held in archives, libraries and private collections. Involving partners in the process of usability studies, as well as conducting internal usability studies, have also assisted in the creation of a successful project web interface. Practical implications – One concrete practical implication is the availability of a standards-based digitization toolkit, which can be freely used by non-members as well as members. Findings also suggest a course for digital library development in collaborative ventures. In addition, this case shows the benefits of the recurring, iterative process of performing usability studies during the development phase. Originality/value – This paper has value for anyone looking to build collaboration in under-represented regions.

The new Papers Past: an international collaboration between New Zealand, India, Germany, and the United States : Table of Contents

Daniel Lanz, Frederick Zarndt, Stefan Boddie, Tracy Powell, Vishal Salgotra — Sat Nov 14 08:00:19 GMT 2009

Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss international collaboration on the Papers Past historic newspaper digitisation project, with particular focus on how to work together across four countries for a successful outcome. Design/methodology/approach – The paper outlines the stages of the project and provides project perspectives from all the partners. Concludes with lessons learned. Findings – The article confirms that clear communication and requirements are essential to any collaborative project. Originality/value – This study provides insight into how to overcome the difficulties of working collaboratively on projects across different countries and cultures.

TIDES: bridging cultural, digital and institutional divides in East Texas and beyond : Table of Contents

Christine Hennessey, Susan Clarke, Rachel Galan — Sat Nov 14 08:00:19 GMT 2009

Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the history of the TIDES (Teaching, Images and Digital Experiences) Program, and demonstrate how TIDES has created mutually beneficial partnerships through sharing resource and collaborating on digital initiatives with a variety of institutions in both Texas and Mexico. Design/methodology/approach – In order to bridge the digital and cultural divide in East Texas classrooms, TIDES has formed partnerships with institutions and educators from Mexico. By offering media rich resources, adapting current curriculum for today's digital environment, and fostering international partnerships, TIDES has built a model for an education program that promotes local and global understanding. Findings – Bringing together teachers from Mexico and Texas has resulted in a better understanding of each culture, which has translated to the classroom. These connections have been further supported by TIDES virtual expeditions, art projects, and primary source documents. Practical implications – Over time, TIDES has grown from a small, regional project to a university supported and sustained program. TIDES has pursued new ways the university library can contribute to the university community by forging partnerships in unexpected places. TIDES also offers unique opportunities for educators to travel on teacher expeditions, experiencing firsthand the cultures they are trying to relate to and teach about. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates unique ways that libraries and library staff can reach across the aisle to other departments and institutions, working together to increase access to and visibility of their services. The TIDES Program can be used as a model in other communities, as well as a starting point for other collaborative projects.

The killer Kindle : Table of Contents

Norm Medeiros — Sat Nov 14 08:00:19 GMT 2009

Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review Amazon's Kindle, and to describe intersections between it, smart phones, and Google Books. Design/methodology/approach – The article is designed as an opinion piece on the nature of electronic books in academia. Findings – The article suggests e-books will increase in popularity over time, but that the business model for individual download of e-books will need to support institutional purchase. Originality/value – The article should generate views, both in support of and in opposition to, the claims of the author; it should serve as a discussion starter.