A new similarity solution with stability analysis for the three-dimensional boundary layer of hybrid nanofluids
International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow
ISSN: 0961-5539
Article publication date: 8 August 2020
Issue publication date: 10 March 2021
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to implement a new class of similarity transformation in analyzing the three-dimensional boundary layer flow of hybrid nanofluid. The Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid is formulated using the single-phase nanofluid model with modified thermophysical properties.
Design/methodology/approach
The governing partial differential equations are reduced to the ordinary (similarity) differential equations using the proposed similarity transformation. The resulting equations are programmed in Matlab software through the bvp4c solver to obtain their solutions. The features of the reduced skin frictions and the velocity profiles for different values of the physical parameters are analyzed and discussed.
Findings
The non-uniqueness of the solutions is observed for certain physical parameters. The dual solutions are perceived for both permeable and impermeable cases and being the main agenda of the work. The execution of stability analysis proves that the first solution is undoubtedly stable than the second solution. An increase in the mass transpiration parameter leads to the uniqueness of the solution. Oppositely, as the injection parameter increase, the two solutions remain. However, no separation point is detected in this problem within the considered parameter values. The present results are decisive to the pair of alumina and copper only.
Originality/value
The present findings are original and can benefit other researchers particularly in the field of fluid dynamics. This study can provide a different insight of the transformation that is applicable to reduce the complexity of the boundary layer equations.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The financial support through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)–5540309 from Ministry of Education (Malaysia) are acknowledged including the support from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. We also appreciate all the comments and suggestions from the competent Reviewers.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Citation
Khashi'ie, N.S., Arifin, N.M., Pop, I., Nazar, R. and Hafidzuddin, E.H. (2021), "A new similarity solution with stability analysis for the three-dimensional boundary layer of hybrid nanofluids", International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 809-828. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-04-2020-0200
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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