Lignosulfonate and glycidyl ether modified urea formaldehyde wood adhesives for interior particleboard production
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is the development of sustainable and low-formaldehyde emission wood adhesive formulations.
Design/methodology/approach
Three-step urea formaldehyde (UF) resin has been in situ modified with calcium lignosulfonate (LS) and/or 1,4 butanediol diglycidyl ether (GE). The structural, chemical, thermal and morphological characterizations were carried out on resin samples. These resins have been applied for particleboard pressing, and UF, UF-LS and UF-GE were evaluated as P2 classes according to EN 312.
Findings
The results show that the improved LS- or diglycidyl ether-modified UF wood adhesives were successful in their adhesive capacity, and the formaldehyde content of the final product was obtained as low as 8 mg/100 g. This paper highlights that the presented adhesive formulations could be a potential eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to formaldehyde-based wood adhesives for interior particleboard production.
Research limitations/implications
Combination of LS and GE resulted in weaker mechanical properties and fulfilled P1 class particleboards due to temperature and duration conditions. Therefore, in situ usage of LS or GE in UF resins is highly recommended for particleboard pressing. Formaldehyde content of particleboards was determined with the perforator method according to EN 12460-5 and all of the particleboards exhibited E1 class. LS was more efficient in decreasing formaldehyde content than GE.
Practical implications
This study provides the application of particleboards with low formaldehyde emission.
Social implications
The developed LS- and diglycidyl ether-modified UF resins made it possible to obtain boards with significantly low formaldehyde content compared with commercial resins.
Originality/value
The developed formaldehyde-based resin formulation made it possible to produce laboratory-scale board prototypes using LS or GE without sacrificing of press factors and panel quality.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) 2244 Industrial PhD Program-Istanbul Technical University-Kastamonu Entegre Ağaç San. ve Tic. A.Ş., with Project No: 118C107 and also Istanbul Technical University Research Foundation with ITU-BAP Project No: TDK-2021-42926.
Since submission of this article, the following author has updated their affiliation: Ümran Burcu Alkan is at the Department of R&D, Kastamonu Entegre Agaç San. Tic. A.Ş., Istanbul, Turkey.
Citation
Alkan, Ü.B., Kızılcan, N. and Bengü, B. (2023), "Lignosulfonate and glycidyl ether modified urea formaldehyde wood adhesives for interior particleboard production", Pigment & Resin Technology, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-08-2023-0076
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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