Cellulose nanocrystals reinforced shape memory polymer cardiovascular stent
ISSN: 1355-2546
Article publication date: 7 December 2020
Issue publication date: 8 January 2021
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an innovative, fast and low-cost method to fabricate customized stents using polyurethane-based shape memory polymers composite reinforced by cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), achieved by a commercial desktop extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM) device.
Design/methodology/approach
The composite filament for printing the stents was prepared by a two-step melt-compounding extrusion process. Afterward, the stents were produced by a desktop EBAM printer. Thermal characterizations, including thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (modulated DSC), were conducted on stent samples and filament samples, respectively. Then the stents were programmed under 45°C. Recovery characterizations, including recovery force and recovery ratio measurement, were conducted under 40°C.
Findings
TGA results showed that the materials were stable under the printing temperature. Modulated DSC results indicated that, with the addition of CNCs, the glass transition temperature of the material dropped slightly from 39.7°C at 0 Wt.% CNC to 34.2°C at 7 Wt.% CNC. The recovery characterization showed that the stents can exert a maximum recovery force of 0.4 N/mm when 7 Wt.% of CNCs were added and the maximum recovery ratio of 35.8% ± 5.1% was found when 4 Wt.% of CNCs were added. The addition of CNC improved both the recovery ratio and the recovery force of the as-prepared stents.
Originality/value
In terms of recovery force, the as-prepared stents out-performed commercially available stents by 30 times. In addition, additive manufacturing offers more flexibility in the design and fabrication of customized cardiovascular stents.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the funding provided by the following agencies. This study was performed as part of a research project “toward CNC reinforced multifunctional shape memory polymer composite biomedical stents produced by additive manufacturing” (BFC18026) supported by CNC Challenge 3.0 of Alberta Innovates, Edmonton, AB, Canada. The authors also would like to thank Canada NSERC Discovery Grants Program for its funding.
Citation
Chen, Y., Garces, I.T., Tang, T. and Ayranci, C. (2021), "Cellulose nanocrystals reinforced shape memory polymer cardiovascular stent", Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-01-2020-0019
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited