Aaron Ansell

, 1–2, 264

AB

, 100

Account book

, 83–91

Accounting

, 92

Activities, budget and

, 226–235

Adalberto Barreto

, 90–91

Adequate food

, 118

Advans La Fayette

, 100

Age

, 236–237

Agencia Colombiana para la Reintegración (ACR)

, 220

Agencia para la Reincorporación y la Normalización (ARN)

, 220, 222

case of ARN

, 233–235

completion of ARN program, by department

, 235–236

future of

, 239–240

Agency for Reintegration and Reincorporation (ARN)

, 218

Agricultural development

, 205

Al-Khidmat case

, 57–58

Allianz Infrastructure

, 21–22

Alta Consejería para la Reintegración (ACR)

, 220

Altruism in surrogacy

, 45–47

Alumni association

, 85–86

Anonymity narrative

, 231

Anthropological conceptualisations of infrastructure

, 8

Anthropological methods

, 102

Anthropology

, 6, 8, 218, 254–255

changes in

, 262–264

training in

, 255–256

Antonio Mourão Cavalcante

, 262, 265–266

Architecture

, 20–21

Armed groups

, 236–237

Asset

, 6

Assisted reproduction technologies (ART)

, 34

Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC)

, 220

Backwardness

, 254

Barbados

, 260–261

Bazalgette

, 14–15

Equity Ltd

, 21–22

Belongingness

, 87

Benzadores

, 268–269

Berlin style

, 177–178

Bernstorffstraßenfest and Flea Market

, 146–147

Better Evidence Project (BEP)

, 222

Biological parents (bio-parents)

, 40

“Bottom of pyramid” approaches

, 192–193

Bourdieu’s concept of field

, 60–61

Boys and Girls Institute (BGI)

, 118

Brand

, 142–143

Brazilian anthropologists as urban educated intellectuals

, 267–269

Brazilian intellectuals

, 254–255, 267

Brazilian polity

, 258

Bronislaw Malinowski

, 255–256

Buddhism

, 56–57

Budget and activities

, 226–235

Business models, companies and

, 145–149

Business partnerships, corporate narratives of

, 199–203

Business secret

, 153

C&A

, 152

Cabos eleitorais (electoral organizers)

, 264

Cachaça

, 258

Cadea de bemfeitorias (Chain of benefits)

, 266–267

Calculations

, 92

Capital

, 7

Cash4Brands

, 137–138, 140, 143, 145, 151, 154–155

SecondHerzog and

, 147

Ceremonial exchanges in Korea and Kye

, 79–81

Charisma

, 11–13

Charity

, 56–57

recipient

, 122

Chief executive officers (CEOs)

, 10–11

Child illnesses

, 89

Christianity

, 56–57

Clientage

, 4

“Clothes in Affluence”

, 140

Clothing

, 3–4

Coffee

cooperatives

, 190

market

, 189

Collective debt

, 111

Collective labor

, 208–209

Collective shame

, 111

Colombia

, 4

Colombian conflict

, 218–221

Commended conditional cash transfer (CCT)

, 254

Commensality

, 125

Commercial partnerships

, 199

Commercial surrogacy

, 33–35, 37

constructing fair price

, 41–45

methodology

, 38

in motherland

, 47–49

Russian assisted reproduction technologies industry

, 37–38

surrogates view

, 39–41

sympathetic worker

, 45–47

Commission model

, 143–144

Commodity (performance of)

, 178

Commodity

, 35, 37, 174, 177

chain

, 167–168

Communal fund

, 76

expenditures

, 88–91

management

, 83–91

Communal governance

, 208–209

Community finance

, 99–100

in Nigeria

, 99

rise of

, 99–100

Community study

, 258

Community therapy (terapía communitarian)

, 268–269

Compadrazgo

, 259

Companies and business models

, 145–149

Complex cultures

, 255

Comunalidad

, 208–209

Consensus

, 11, 13

Consumption infrastructure

, 139

Contemporary capitalism

, 11

Contemporary certification-based fair trade market

, 190

Contemporary fair trade narratives

, 205

Cooperativismo and divisions within producer organizations

, 206–209

Cooperativistas

, 188

Coronelismo

, 259

Corporate accountability

, 188

Corporate narratives of business partnerships

, 199–203

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

, 192–193

Cost-effectiveness

, 240–245

characteristics of ex-combatants

, 236–237

Colombian conflict

, 218–221

completion of ARN program, by department

, 235–236

economic assistance

, 242–243

economic insecurity

, 243–244

across entire participant population

, 240–241

FARC identity

, 223–225

future of ARN

, 239–240

geographic and demographic characteristics

, 235–236

methodology

, 222–223

observations and analysis

, 246–247

by other segmentations

, 245

of peacebuilding

, 222

reintegration program

, 226, 235, 241–242

safety

, 237–239

scope and limitations

, 247–248

security

, 244

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)

, 222

COVID-19 pandemic

, 1, 34–35

Cultural forms

, 170–180

Cultural framing of surrogacy

, 36–37

Cultural meaning (performance of)

, 165–166

Cultural pattern

, 254

Brazilian anthropologists as urban educated intellectuals

, 267–269

changes in anthropology

, 262–264

fieldwork in Southeastern Minas Gerais State

, 256–262

fifteenth century model for chains of dyadic exchanges

, 266–267

patronage networks beyond politics

, 264–266

project of workers party to eliminate patronage

, 269–270

training in anthropology

, 255–256

Customers

, 164

Dasvandh

, 56–58, 66–67

combining Zakat and Dasvandh in single theoretical frame

, 58–61

Debt

, 4, 90–91

Demobilization

, 219–220, 222

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

, 21–22

Development logic

, 56

Difference in economic anthropology

, 166–168

Digital

business

, 136

connectedness

, 141–142

mirror

, 151

services

, 142

strategies to employ

, 150–152

Digitalization of trade

, 136

Digitalizing local markets

Bernstorffstraßenfest and Flea Market

, 146–147

companies and business models

, 145–149

decrease in value

, 154

ecological footprint

, 154–155

ethnographic studies of secondhand markets

, 138–140

exploring improvement through digital

, 143–145

fashion content

, 153

Hanseatic Heels

, 148–149

market history from store to online shop

, 140–145

Musswessels

, 147

Pick’nWeight

, 147–148

Rudolf Beaufays

, 146

Schanzenflohmarkt

, 146

Schutz Und Schmuck

, 149

Secondella

, 145–146

secondhand markets

, 152

SecondHerzog and Cash4brands

, 147

sourcing and material quality

, 153

Vinokilo

, 148

waves and histories

, 149–152

Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR)

, 219–220

Distribution of Islamic fashion

, 175

Doing difference

, 168

and Islamic fashion

, 165–166

and market order performance

, 181–182

Dom Pedro (Prince of Portugal)

, 266

Dominant concept of money

, 77

Dominated local politics

, 259

Donation

, 57

Dou ut des (I give to receive something in exchange)

, 259

Dyadic exchanges

, 262

fifteenth century model for chains of

, 266–267

Earmarking

, 77

EBay

, 141–143

Ecological footprint

, 154–155

Ecological reconnection

, 13

Economic anthropology

, 218

difference in

, 166–168

Economic(s)

, 8

analysis

, 218

assistance

, 242–243

development

, 205

growth

, 118–119

inequality

, 56

insecurity

, 243–244

partnerships

, 188

violence

, 102–107

Edgar Vasconcellos

, 257–258

Education

, 129–131

Egalitarianism

, 189

Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN)

, 221

Electoral politics (in Brazil)

, 254

Embeddedness

, 152–153

Emotional accounting

, 93

Emotional problems of ex-combatants

, 228–231

Emotional work

, 36

Empowerment

, 111, 129, 131, 198, 205

of “poor”

, 188

social justice to

, 196–199

English classic style

, 146

Entrepreneurial practice

, 165–166

Entrepreneurialism

, 188, 192–193

Entrepreneurs

, 165–166, 168, 181

Entrepreneurship

, 39

Escola Superior de Guerra

, 259

Esthetics

, 170–180

Ethnographic studies of secondhand markets

, 138–140

Ethnography of infrastructure

, 6

European Union (EU)

, 9

Ex-combatants

, 218

characteristics

, 236–237

emotional problems and loneliness of

, 228–231

reintegrating

, 218

Ex-Soviet countries

, 37

Explanatory framework

, 8–9

Facebook

, 140

Facetime

, 142

Fair prices

, 188

Fair trade

, 188

corporate narratives of business partnerships and traceability

, 199–203

discursively producing

, 196–199

growing coffee and struggling to survive without state support in Southern Mexico

, 203–206

methods

, 194–196

narratives of Cooperativismo and divisions within producer organizations

, 206–209

organizations

, 189

poverty and international development

, 191–194

radical roots

, 190

scholarship

, 190–191

social justice roots

, 188–189

Fair Trade USA (FTUSA)

, 188

Fairtrade International

, 188, 194–195, 197

Fairtrade Labelling Organization

, 188, 197–198

FARC

, 218

identity

, 223–225

Fashion

, 141–142

markets

, 166

Fast fashion

, 136–137

Fee

, 43–44

Feminine

, 224–225

Feminization

, 224–225

Field

, 60–61

Finance. See also Community finance

, 7

Financial empowerment

, 44

Financial inclusion

, 111

Financialisation

, 10, 110

Financialized kye

, 80

Financializing Poverty

, 108

First market

, 140–141

Flea markets

, 150

Flexible thematic analysis

, 63

Flower arrangement

, 87

Focus groups discussion (FGD)

, 102

Folk

, 266–267

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

, 119

Food availability

, 118

Food insecurity

, 119

in New Zealand

, 120–124

Food rescue

in New Zealand

, 120–124

programs

, 119–120

Food waste

, 118

Free Café

, 127

Free readers

, 97–98

Friend

, 65

Front-loading benefit

, 12

FTUSA

, 188, 198

Fuerza Alternativa Revolucionaria del Común

, 219–220

Funeral

, 79–80

Gap

, 152

Gender

, 236–237

contract

, 47–49

Gendered care work

, 47–48

Gendered housing market

, 80

Generalized reciprocity

, 59–60

George Foster

, 258–259

Germany

, 3–4

Gestational labour

, 49

Gestational surrogacy

, 34

Gifts

, 35, 37, 76

gift-giving instances

, 89

money

, 89

Global fair trade agricultural markets

, 188

Global Peace Index

, 220

Globalization

, 118–119

God

, 66–69

Graduates of Hani High School in Seoul (1974)

, 81–83

Green Revolution

, 118

Group lending

, 111

H&M

, 152

Habitus

, 60–61

Hanseatic Heels

, 148–149

Hanseatic Help

, 148–149

Hinduism

, 56–57

Homogenization

, 77

Human well-being

, 124–131

material and social impacts of waste food on human health and well-being

, 131–132

Hwat’u

, 87–88

Iconic model of secondhand online business

, 151–152

Imaginary

, 13

Income source

, 86–88

Industrialization

, 118–119

Industrialized nations

, 119

Informal conversational interviewing

, 102

Informal economy

, 80, 101

Informal economy, the

, 242

Informal interviewing

, 102

Informal markets in local governance

, 62–63

Infrastructural engineering projects

, 6

Infrastructures

, 6–7

anthropological conceptualisations of

, 8

ethnography of

, 6

finance

, 7–8, 10

Innovation

, 199

Instagram

, 155

Institute of Economics and Peace

, 222

Institutional market reform

, 188

Instituto Mexicano del Café (INMECAFE)

, 204

Interdisciplinarity

, 8–9

Interdisciplinary encounters

, 6–9

Internal immigrants

, 264

Internally displaced person (IDP)

, 57–58

International Coffee Agreement

, 189

International development

, 191–194

Interpersonal networks

, 60–61

Interpersonal ties

, 66–69

Investment gap

, 18–19

Investors, desires of

, 18–20

Islam

, 56–57

Islamic fashion

, 169

in Berlin

, 168–169

difference in economic anthropology

, 166–168

doing difference and Islamic fashion

, 165–166

doing difference and market order performance

, 181–182

materializations of difference

, 170–180

navigating difference

, 168–170

oriental fashion

, 169–170

practice theoretical approach Toberlin’s market for islamic fashion

, 168

Kai Kitchen Initiative

, 122

Kaibosh food rescue case study

, 120–124

Kardecism

, 265

Karl Polanyi

, 258–259

Keurig Dr Pepper

, 199–200

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)

, 56

Kibosh

, 121

Kleidermarkt

, 147–148

Komulelanta

, 97–98, 102

Korea, ceremonial exchanges in

, 79–81

Kye

, 78

ceremonial exchanges in

, 79–81

Latafundias

, 257

Liberation theology

, 190

Libre coffee producers

, 195–196

Lift Above Poverty Organization (LAPO)

, 100

Literary critics

, 254–255

Loan drive

, 108–109

Loan officers

, 108

Loan recovery

, 108

Loan repayment

, 98–99, 108

Local associations

, 61–62

Location

, 178–179

London’s ‘super sewer’

financing story

, 18–24

interdisciplinary encounters

, 6–9

Thames Tideway Tunnel

, 9–18

Loneliness of ex-combatants

, 228–231

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

, 269

Margaret Mead

, 256

Market actors

, 166

Market anthropology

, 166

Market growth, social justice to

, 196–199

Market history from store to online shop

, 140–145

Market order performance, doing difference and

, 181–182

Market segments

, 142

Market traders

, 63

Market-based solutions

, 188

Marketplaces

, 98–99

Markets (performance of)

, 3–4

Masculine

, 224–225

Material quality

, 153

Materializations of difference

, 170–180

Medieval Portuguese system of stratification

, 266–267

Membership

, 83–84

Merchandise knowledge

, 141–142

Mexico

, 37

Microcredit mobilization

, 107–110

Microcredit schemes of tension

, 98–99

rise of community finance in Nigeria

, 99–100

Saturday Punch

, 97–98

social–emotional vulnerability resulting from economic violence

, 102–107

study context and methods of data production

, 101–102

untangling complexity of microcredit mobilization

, 107–110

Microfinance

, 98–100

Microfinance banks (MFBs)

, 99

Microfinance institutions (MFIs)

, 98

Microlending

, 109

“Middle-rung” theory

, 80

Migrant

, 82

Modernization

, 260

Moji

, 103–104

Money

, 2–3, 166–167

Money for belongingness

1974 Graduates of Hani High School in Seoul

, 81–83

account book and communal fund management

, 83–91

ceremonial exchanges in Korea and Kye

, 79–81

communal fund expenditures

, 88–91

gathering occasions and activity of members

, 84–86

money and maintaining social network

, 76–79

source of income

, 86–88

withdrawal from association

, 91–92

Moral economy of charity

, 56–57

Morality

, 92

Motherhood

, 47, 49

Museu Nacional (National Museum)

, 267

Nancy Scheper-Hughes

, 110–111, 263–264

Narrative

, 8

National economy

, 7

National Liberation Army. See Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN)

National Unit of Protection. See Unidad Nacional de Protección (UNP)

Neoliberal global market

, 108

Network

of dyadic exchanges

, 254

school, alumni, social

, 76

New Zealand

, 3–4

New Zealand Food Act

, 121

Nigeria, community finance in

, 99

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

, 56, 118–119, 199

Nosotros

, 224

Nutritional value, waste food with

, 122–124

Observation methods

, 102

Oil boom (1970)

, 98

Ontological insecurity

, 229–230

Ontological vulnerability

, 99

Oriental fashion

, 169–170

Owo komulelanta

, 102, 104

Pakistan

, 61

reciprocity; charity; god

, 56

voluntary associations in

, 62

Parry and Bloch’s approach

, 77

Participant observation methods

, 102

Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT)

, 254, 269

Partnership

, 188

model

, 10

Patron-client exchanges

, 254

Patronage networks beyond politics

, 264–266

Peacebuilding

cost-effectiveness of

, 222

programs

, 218

Pedlars

, 139–140

Pension funds

, 19

Perpetrators

, 224

Peshawari Singh Saiva Society (PSSS)

, 57–58, 62–63, 66–67

Philanthropy

, 56–57

Pick’nWeight

, 147–148

Political corruption

, 254

Political economists

, 7

Political economy

, 7–8

“Poor” empowerment

, 188

Pop-up sales

, 148

Popular Catholicism

, 266–267

Port of London Authority (PLA)

, 13

Post-soviet gender contract

, 47–49

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 224

Poverty

, 98, 191, 194

alleviation

, 205

Price

, 37, 141–142, 180

Private Finance Initiative (PFI)

, 10, 18–19

Private track

, 42

Privatisation

, 26

Product certification

, 188

Programa de Reincorporaci´on a la Vida Civil (PRVC)

, 220

Project

, 2, 6

PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS-I)

, 228

Public good

, 9

new conception of

, 24–26

Public–private partnership (PPP)

, 100

Pujo tradition

, 81

Pure gift

, 56

Qualitative interviews

, 35

Qualitative quantity of money

, 77–78

Recidivism

factors affecting recidivism

, 232–233

and other success metrics

, 233–235

as success metric

, 231–232

Recipients

, 66–69

charities

, 122

Reciprocity

, 56

chain of

, 63–66

model

, 59–60

Regulated Asset Base (RAB)

, 18–20

Reincorporation

, 221, 239–240

Reintegration

, 218, 221, 239–240

case of ARN

, 233–235

emotional problems and loneliness of ex-combatants

, 228–231

factors affecting recidivism

, 232–233

program

, 222, 226, 235

recidivism as success metric

, 231–232

strategy

, 241–242

total costs

, 226–228

Religions

, 56–57

Religious charities, triadic gift models for

, 59–61

Religious charity

, 56

Repro-regional moral frameworks

, 36–37

Reproductive labour

, 36

Research in Economic Anthropology (REA)

, 1

Retro

, 138

Reunion

, 79

Rezadores

, 268–269

Ritual celebrations

, 208–209

River Thames

, 9–10

Robusta coffee processing plant

, 206

Rotating credit association

, 78

Rural sociology

, 257

Russia, waged labour in

, 37

Russian assisted reproduction technologies industry

, 37–38

Russian surrogacy

, 38

Russian-assisted reproduction technologies policy

, 34

Sacralisation

, 35

Safety

, 237–239

Sangbusangjo

, 79–80

Sanghobujo

, 79–80

Scale of infrastructure

, 20–22

Schanzenflohmarkt

, 146

School alumni association

Schutz Und Schmuck

, 149

Science

, 254–255

science-fictional film

, 11

Secondella

, 137–138, 140, 145–146

Secondhand markets

, 152

clothing market

, 136

ethnographic studies of

, 138–140

Secondhand shop

, 137–138

SecondHerzog and Cash4brands

, 147

Secret-citizen narrative

, 231

Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development (SAGARPA)

, 204–205

Secular philanthropy

, 56–57

Security

, 244

Seedvest, Crest

, 100

Self-reliance Economic Advancement Programme (SEAP)

, 100

Selling

, 3–4

Sequential data generation method

, 63

Shaming practices

, 108–109

Shop design

, 172

Shop windows

, 173

Sikh community

, 62–63

Sikhism

, 56–57

Simply komu

, 102

Single motherhood

, 48

Singularization

, 167

Situational vulnerability

, 99

Skill building

, 129–131

Skype

, 142

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

, 99–100

Small-scale businesses

, 98

Sociability

, 92

in afterlife of rescued food

, 126–129

Social class

, 262

Social enterprise

, 148

Social entrepreneurship model

, 199

Social impacts of waste food on human health and well-being

, 131–132

Social justice

, 190

to market growth and empowerment

, 196–199

Social life of food

, 124–131

Social Life of Things

, 126

Social Life of Water

, 126

Social meanings of money

, 77–78

Social network

, 79

money and maintaining

, 76–79

Social relationship

, 2–3

Social welfare associations (SWAs)

, 56–57, 60, 66, 69

Social welfare programmes

, 62

Social welfare provision

, 56–57

chain of reciprocity

, 63–66

combining Zakat and Dasvandh in single theoretical frame

, 58–61

data generation and analysis

, 63

empirical settings

, 61–63

findings

, 63–70

implications for local governance

, 69–70

Pakistan

, 61

social welfare associations, interpersonal ties, god and recipients

, 66–69

theoretical expansion of triadic gift models for religious charities

, 59–61

Social–emotional vulnerability

, 99

resulting from economic violence

, 102–107

Socioeconomic hierarchy

, 258

SOEX textile recycling

, 147–148

Solidarity

, 42–43

Sourcing

, 153

South Korea

, 79

Southeastern Minas Gerais State, fieldwork in

, 256–262

Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)

, 18, 22–23

Spiritual equality

, 56

Stores

, 171–174

Style

, 141–142

Substantivist approach

, 2

Surrogacy. See also Commercial surrogacy

, 35–36

altruism in

, 45–47

money

, 43–44

in motherland

, 47–49

Surrogates’ view of commercial surrogacy

, 39–41

Sustainable urban Drainage Systems (SuDS)

, 21

Sympathetic worker

, 45–47

Thames Blue Green Economy Group (TBGE)

, 21–22

Thames Skills Academy (TSA)

, 14

Thames Tideway Tunnel

, 2, 9, 18

bazalgette

, 14–15

benefits

, 22–24

consensus and charisma

, 11–13

desires of investors

, 18–20

financing story

, 18–24

introducing

, 9–10

new conception of public good

, 24–26

scale

, 20–22

spectacle

, 16–18

vision and rhetoric

, 13–14

as vision and spectacle

, 10–11

ThredUp

, 136–138

Thrift

, 138–139

Tierra Grata

, 223

Toberlin’s market for islamic fashion

, 168

Tongch’ang in Korean

, 82

Top-down approaches

, 220

Traceability

, 199–203

Trade. See also Fair trade

, 167

Traditional kye

, 80

Training in anthropology

, 255–256

Triadic gift models for religious charities

, 59–61

Triadic model

, 56

Turkish-Arab dualism

, 169–170, 178–179

UCO

, 208

UN Human Development Index (HDI)

, 120–121

Underdevelopment

, 254

Unemployment

, 98

Unidad Nacional de Protección (UNP)

, 239

Uniform Muslim consumer segment

, 167–168

Union of Indigenous Communities of Region of Isthmus (UCIRI)

, 190

United Nations (UN)

, 119

Universality approach

, 99

UPCOBJ

, 208

Urban educated intellectuals, Brazilian anthropologists as

, 267–269

Urban infrastructure

, 22

Urban studies

, 263

Urbanization

, 118–119

US-American online resale enterprise

, 136

Valuation

, 137–138

Value for money (VFM)

, 19

Value of ‘waste’ food

, 119–120

Viçosa

, 256–257

Victims

, 224

Victor Nunes Leal

, 259

Victorian scale

, 21–22

Vinokilo

, 148

Vintage Kilo Store

, 147–148

Violence

, 218

Viviana Zelizer

, 35

Voluntary associations

, 61–62

Voluntary donation

, 87

Vulnerability

, 99

Wage labour

, 36–37

in Russia

, 37

Waste food

impacts on human health and well-being

, 131–132

with nutritional value

, 122–124

Waves and histories

, 149–152

Wedding

, 79–80

WELLfed

, 124, 129

Wellington City Mission (WCM)

, 122

WhatsApp

, 142

Withdrawal from association

, 91–92

Women borrowers

, 104

Women entrepreneurs

, 108

Workers party project to eliminate patronage

, 269–270

World War II (WWII)

, 118

Zakat

, 56–58, 66–67

combining Zakat and Dasvandh in single theoretical frame

, 58–61

Zara

, 152

Zero Fome (Zero Hunger)

, 269

Zoroastrianism

, 56–57