The Effects on Globalization: A Comparative Analysis for German and Turkish Economy

Abstract

Globalization has been an important factor in many parts of the world economically in the last century. To see this effect numerically, the globalization index is used and it contains many variables in itself. One of these variables consists of R&D concepts. At the same time, while intellectual property, which is an important element of the world economy, plays a major role in the rapidly globalizing world, the patent structure, which is the most concrete usage area of intellectual property, also shows its effect on globalization day by day.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the debate about whether R&D expenditures handled by the public are more efficient within the framework of comparative data analysis. The revised version of the patent and R&D analysis can be regarded as a composite index that measures economic, intellectual property and social dimensions as well as globalization for every country in the world. For this, Turkey and Germany in 2008–2018 the share of annual government expenditure, we use the total expenditure and GDP figures for R&D. Research and development expenditures made by the public sector are accepted to include the patent institutions and expenditures made by the public. At the same time, this index in Germany and made by the state exactly how much of their R&D spending gap between Turkey is to show that globalization is connected.

Citation

Madiyarova, D.M., Kosel, E.S. and Tamer, N. (2022), "The Effects on Globalization: A Comparative Analysis for German and Turkish Economy", Popkova, E.G. and Andronova, I.V. (Ed.) Current Problems of the World Economy and International Trade (Research in Economic Anthropology, Vol. 42), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0190-128120220000042007