Accountable Care Organization (ACO)

, 175

Active migrant

, 94–96

Acute kidney injury (AKI)

, 4

COVID-19/AKI emergent pathophysiology

, 6–8

Adaptability

, 61

Add-on payments

, 11–12

Advancing American Kidney Health (AAKH)

, 11

Affectual actions

, 25

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Condition (ACSC)

, 176

Annals of Internal Medicine

, 30

“Anti-Mask League”

, 22

Anti-maskers

, 33

ASN Open Forum 2020

, 7–8

Benefit-cost analysis

, 25

Biopolitics of population

, 151

Biopower

, 149

Birth of the Clinic, The

, 151, 155

Capitalism

, 154

Care paradigms

, 15–16

Caretaking

, 47

Center for Marketing in Emerging Economies (CMEE)

, 65–66

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

, 10, 23, 132–133

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

, 10–11, 175

Chhaupadi

, 77, 82

Chronic care protocols

, 8–12

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

, 4

Civil Disobedience

, 24–25

Coding strategy

, 45

Community Health Centers (CHCs)

, 176

Community resilience

, 53–54

Conditions

, 125–126

Coping mechanisms

, 99–100, 102

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

, 5, 42

acknowledging inequities

, 12–14

adapting chronic care protocols

, 8–12

COVID-19/AKI emergent pathophysiology

, 6–8

COVID-19/kidney disease intersections

, 5–6

health literacy

, 51–52

outbreak

, 60

pandemic

, 22, 174

in United States

, 11

Coronavirus protocols

, 43

Critical discourse analysis (CDA)

, 156

Critical Latin American Epidemiology

, 90

Critical medical anthropology

, 91

Critical race and migration studies

, 91

Critical theory development

, 169

Cross-national comparison

data

, 109–110

health information in media

, 109

limitation

, 116–117

link between use of health information from media and well-being

, 116

method

, 111

results

, 111–115

variables

, 110–111

“Culture war”

, 26

Culture

, 85

Cutting costs

, 152

Definitional dilemmas

, 158–160

Demographic data

, 128–130

Demographic variables

, 132–133

Descriptive information

, 93–94

Diabetes

, 4

Dialectical thinking, limits of

, 154–155

Dialysis

, 10–11

provider

, 11–12

Disasters

, 74

Discourse analysis

, 155

Disparities

, 42

Domestic violence

, 74

Earthquakes

, 82–83

Ebola outbreak

, 86

Ecuadorean case, intersectional analysis of

gender and migration-related health processes and coping mechanisms

, 99–102

methods and sampling

, 91–92

migration in Ecuador case

, 90

migratory stress and gender

, 92–98

Ecuadorean migrants

, 91–92

Education

, 85, 111, 125–126

Emergency departments (ED)

, 126–127

Emory Healthcare

, 10

Emotional health

, 60–61

Emotional Intelligence

, 61

Employment status

, 111

End Stage Renal Disease Medicare

, 4–5

End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices model (ETC model)

, 11

Environmental factors

, 132–133

“Equal opportunity”

, 140–145

Equality

, 25

of health-care access

, 125–127

ESRI StreetMap Dataset

, 128

Euclidean distance

, 128

Evidence-based medicine (EBM)

, 150

case of pelvic pain care

, 149

critical theory development

, 169

evidence-based medicine without evidence

, 157–162

findings

, 156–169

limits of dialectical thinking

, 154–155

limits of niche standardization

, 166–169

medical gaze and biopower

, 149

methods

, 155–156

pigeonholing patients through niche standardization

, 162–166

and positivism

, 149

relationship between medical knowledge and practice

, 150

standard human and niche standardization

, 149

Exclusion criteria

, 44

Experiential knowledge

, 79

Exploratory case study

anti-maskers

, 33

Athenian Plague

, 32

case study

, 27–32

Huron City, SD

, 28

Mitchell, SD

, 29–31

philosophical and political theory

, 24–26

research objective and hypothesis

, 23–24

Sioux Falls, SD

, 29

sociological theory

, 26–27

Sturgis, SD

, 28

Vermillion, SD

, 31–32

Face masking

, 27

Feminist groups

, 153

Financial crisis

, 90

Financing

, 125–126

Flooding

, 74, 82–83

Freedom

, 25

of choice

, 23

Frontline Employee Adaptability

, 61

Gallop International Association (GIA)

, 67

Gaussian distribution

, 128–130

Gender

, 75, 111

and coping mechanisms

, 99–100, 102

disparity

, 76

dynamics of migratory stress

, 98

microlevel experiences of

, 79–83

migratory stress and

, 92–98

social constructions of

, 79

Gender Transformative Border Politics

, 99–101

Geographical dimensions of accessibility

, 127

Global North

, 91–92

Global South

, 91–92

gender in

, 74–75

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

, 14

Glomerulopathy

, 7–8

Google

, 63

Grounded theory

, 44–45

Happiness

, 111

Health behaviors

, 125–126

Health disparities

, 175

absolute disparity results

, 179–181

advances in technology

, 184

analysis

, 178–179

in COVID-19

, 43

data sources and variables

, 177–178

design

, 176–177

“Diabetes Report Card 2014”

, 183

diabetes-related disparities

, 184–185

methods

, 176–179

pre-and post-ACO years comparison results

, 182–183

related research

, 176

relative disparity results

, 181–182

results

, 179–183

Health facilitating resources utilization

, 111

Health inequities

, 16–17

Health information (HI)

, 111–113

from media

, 109, 111

Health processes migrants traverse

, 92–93

Healthcare

, 125–126

services

, 127

system inequities

, 42

workers

, 33, 48

Healthcare challenges in COVID-19 pandemic

, 46–48

Healthcare model

defining likely patients for each type of hospital

, 127–133

equality of health-care access in spatial and nonspatial dimensions

, 125–127

regression models

, 135–140

test of means of population characteristics

, 133–135

two tales of “equal opportunity”

, 140–145

Healthy lifestyles

, 108

“Healthy Migrant Hypothesis”

, 94

Healthy migrants

, 90

Hemodialysis (HD)

, 4–5, 10–11

home HD

, 10

US Center Hemodialysis population characteristics

, 4

Hispanics

, 174

HIV viruse

, 7–8

Home-based dialysis

, 11

Home-based therapies

, 11

Hospital

access

, 142–145

capacity

, 43

defining likely patients for each type of

, 127–133

nonspatial dimension of patient access to hospitals

, 130–133

spatial methods to define hospital catchment areas

, 128–130

Hospitalization

, 9–10

developing AKI during

, 6

Latino

, 184

rates of rural Latino patients

, 175

Human behavior

, 22

Hypertension

, 4

Impetus Research COVID-19 Snap Poll Wave 2

, 67

In-center dialysis

, 15

In-center HD

, 10

“Inclusion-and-difference” paradigm

, 153–154

Income

, 125–126

Index of Relative Disadvantage

, 126–127

Indian Health Service (IHS)

, 44

Individual health inequities

, 42

Individualism

, 24, 27

Industrial capitalism

, 25

Inequality

, 74–75

Inequities, acknowledging

, 12–14

Information System method (GIS method)

, 125

Instrumental-Rational action (Zweckrational action)

, 25

Instrumental-Rational action

, 23

Interdisciplinary research project

, 91

International non-governmental organizations (INGOs)

, 84–85

Intersectional analysis of Ecuadorean case

gender and migration-related health processes and coping mechanisms

, 99–102

methods and sampling

, 91–92

migration in Ecuador case

, 90

migratory stress and gender

, 92–98

IRB process

, 44

Isolation

, 77

Job performance

, 61

Job satisfaction

, 61

Kidney disease

, 4

COVID-19/kidney disease intersections

, 5–6

Knowledge

production

, 150, 152

unnecessary lag in knowledge dissemination

, 157–158

Latin American critical epidemiology

, 91

Latino

, 174

hospitalization

, 184

Legitimate knowledge

, 79

Liberty

, 25

Life history narratives

, 74

Linguistic barriers

, 132–133

Lockdowns

, 22, 60

Machismo

, 101

Masks

, 22

mandate

, 23, 27, 29–30

Maxims

, 26

Media

health information in

, 109

negativity

, 22–23

Medical decision-making

, 150

Medical gaze

, 149–150

Medicare ACOs

, 175

Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP)

, 175, 178

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM)

, 81–82

Menstruation

, 77, 81

Mental health challenges in COVID-19 pandemic

, 48–49

Micro hospitals

, 124–125

in comparison with traditional hospitals

, 125

development of

, 125

Migration

, 90

in Ecuador case

, 90

migration-related health processes

, 99–100, 102

Migratory stress and gender

, 92–98

“Minimum packages of interventions”

, 140–142

Motherhood

, 76

National Bureau of Economic Research

, 22–23

National Kidney Foundation (NKF)

, 12–14

National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA)

, 140–142

National Penal (Code) Act

, 77–78

National Public Radio

, 22–23

Natural disasters

, 82–83

Negative dialectics

, 166–167, 169–170

Neighborhood

, 125–126

Nepal Demographic and Health Survey

, 77–78

Niche standardization

evolution

, 170–171

intersection of pain management

, 171

limits of

, 166–169

pigeonholing patients through

, 162–166

shifting paradigm

, 166–169

standard human and

, 149

Nonconformist, The

, 25

Nonconformity

, 24

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

, 84–85

Nonspatial dimension of patient access to hospitals

, 130–133

Nonspatial dimensions, health-care access equality in

, 125–127

Nurse practitioner (NP)

, 155–156

Obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN)

, 155, 160

niche

, 165–166

Organizational psychology

, 61–62

Origin of the Species, The (Darwin)

, 23–24

“Outcome” variables of interest

, 178

Pairwise intersection

, 128–130

Pandemic

adaptability

, 61

evidence of

, 60

immediate reaction to lockdown

, 65–66

levels of adaptability in urban Indians

, 66

limitations

, 68

and lockdown situation

, 60–61

methodology

, 62–63

resistance to change

, 61–62, 67

results

, 63–65

Partner status

, 111

Passive migrants

, 94–96

gender dynamics of migratory stress in

, 98

Patriarchal system

, 77–78

Pelvic pain care case, EBM in

, 149

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)

, 10

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

, 6

Philosophical theory

, 24–26

Physical health

, 60

in COVID-19 pandemic

, 46–48

Physical therapists (PTs)

, 155–156

Pigeonholing patients

, 156

through niche standardization

, 162–166

OBGYNs niche

, 165–166

outdated standards of care

, 163–164

unnecessary surgeries

, 164–165

Plague of Athens

, 22

“Plurality of services” approach

, 177

Political responses to pandemic

, 52–53

Political theory

, 24–26

Positivism

, 156

EBM and

, 149

Postdisaster Nepal

country of Nepal

, 75–78

earthquakes in Nepal

, 74

findings and analysis

, 79–84

literature

, 74–75

macrolevel implications for women’s sexuality and reproductive health

, 83–84

methods

, 79

microlevel experiences of gender, sexuality, and reproductive health

, 79–83

post-post script

, 87

postscript

, 85–87

Principal factor analysis

, 135–136

Psycho-sociocultural coping mechanisms

, 99

Public transportation

, 10

PubMed

, 63

Qualitative study of COVID-19 pandemic experiences

changing behaviors

, 49–51

community resilience

, 53–54

COVID-19 health literacy

, 51–52

findings

, 45–54

limitations

, 55–56

mental health challenges

, 48–49

methods

, 44–45

physical health and healthcare challenges

, 46–48

political responses to pandemic

, 52–53

research approach and design, data collection, data analysis

, 44–45

rural residents working in health care

, 54–55

sample description

, 44

Quality

of healthcare

, 152

of life

, 10

“Quarantine centers”

, 86

Quarantined lockdown

, 60

Questionnaire

, 62

R package

, 176–177

Racial disparities

, 7

Regression models

, 135–140

Rehabilitation

, 10

Renal replacement therapy (RRT)

, 4, 6

Reproduction

, 76

Reproductive health

macrolevel implications for

, 83–84

microlevel experiences of

, 79–83

Resistance to change

, 61–62

Respiratory infection

, 6

Responsiveness

, 125–126

“Rollout neoliberal market foster-care”

, 140–142

Rules for Radicals

, 30

Rural communities

, 42–43

Rural health and healthcare equity

, 42

Rural Health Clinics (RHCs)

, 175–176

Rural public health challenges

, 42

Self-care dialysis

, 10

Self-help

, 108

Self-reliance

, 24

Service awareness indicators

, 132–133

Sexual violence

, 74

Sexuality

macrolevel implications for

, 83–84

microlevel experiences of

, 79–83

social constructions of

, 79

Shared Savings Program (SSP)

, 175

Sich Verhalten

, 26

Small-scale inpatient facilities

, 124–125

Snow-ball sampling method

, 62

Social action

, 25

Social constructions of gender and sexuality

, 79

Social determinants

, 43, 55

Social determinants of health (SDOH)

, 11–12, 14

Social dimensions of accessibility

, 127

Social distancing

, 22

Social function production

, 109

Social justice

, 125–126

Social media

, 111

Social problem

, 26

Social reality

, 126–127

Social values

, 26

reaching agreement on

, 26–27

Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)

, 132–133, 140, 142

“Social-constructedness”

, 78

Sociocultural beliefs

, 81

Socioeconomic status indicators

, 132–133

Sociological theory

, 26–27, 109

Sociological work

, 150

Sociology

, 91

Spatial dimensions, health-care access equality in

, 125–127

Spatial methods to define hospital catchment areas

, 128–130

Spencer, Herbert

, 23–24

practices of industrial capitalism

, 25

SPSS (statistical program)

, 63, 176–177

Standard human and niche standardization

, 149

Standardization

in medical research

, 150

standard human and niche

, 149

Stata package

, 176–177

Stigmatization

, 77

Structural racism

, 12–14

Structure-process-outcome framework

, 176–177

“Structure” variable of interest

, 178

Substance abuse

, 77

Surgical face masks

, 30

“Survival of fittest”

, 23–25

“Survival of unfittest”

, 25

Technology in medicine field

, 151

Telemedicine

, 15

Texas Department of State Health Services

, 125

Traditional action

, 25

Transportation mobility

, 132–133

Two-tailed t-tests

, 133

Ulysses syndrome

, 92–93

Uncertainty

, 7

US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

, 44–45

US healthcare delivery system

, 175

Value conflict over freedom of choice

, 23

Value-Rational action (Wertrational action)

, 25

Variance Inflation Factor (VIF)

, 135

Washing hands

, 22

Wearing masks

, 22

Weber, Max

, 24

on instrumental-rational action

, 25

and types of social action

, 25

use of Sich Verhalten

, 26

Well-being

, 110

differences

, 108

link between use of health information from media and

, 116

Womanhood

, 76

Women

health activists

, 153

identities

, 76

macrolevel implications for women’s sexuality

, 83–84

in Nepal

, 76

Word processor

, 45

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 125–126

Zika virus

, 83

Zoom (streaming meeting platform)

, 44–45