Acoustic Analysis Result (AAR)

, 168, 175–177

Adulthood, survey of men in emerging

, 34–35

Affect control theory (ACT)

, 2–4, 27

Affect control theory of self (ACT-Self)

, 24–26, 40

measures and methods

, 24–25

Affective misalignment

, 26

Aggressive fantasies measure

, 35–36

Alter-evaluation

, 150–151

Amazon Mechanical Turk (Amazon mTurk)

, 55

American Psychological Association, The

, 144

Analysis strategy

, 127

ANOVA

, 127

Aspirational self-sentiments

, 28, 37

Authority behaviors shaping competence and warmth impressions

, 120–121

Authority gender, dependent upon

, 120–124

Authority’s approach

, 119

Average absolute distance (AAD)

, 168

Binary decision process

, 102, 104

Binary diffusion

, 102–105

models

, 106

process

, 100

Binary models

, 93–95

“Binding” moral foundations

, 5

Black Lives Matter (BLM)

, 2–3

Black people

, 4–5

Brain processes liking and disliking

, 154–156

Buss-Perry Aggression Scale

, 36–37

Clustering

, 95

Coding strategy

, 27–28

aspirational self-sentiments

, 28

fundamental self-sentiments

, 27

inauthenticity

, 28

situational self-sentiments

, 28

Cohesion

, 162–163, 165, 171

controls

, 171

experimental procedure

, 171–173

method

, 169–173

openness to influence

, 170–171

results

, 173–178

theoretical background

, 163–166

variables

, 170–171

vocal accommodation

, 170

vocal measures of solidarity and status

, 168–169

vocal solidarity

, 171

vocal synchrony and accommodation

, 166–169

Comparative Fit Index (CFI)

, 127

Competence

, 116–117, 120–122, 124

authority behaviors shaping

, 120–121

Computer protocol

, 156

Continuous decision process

, 102, 104–105, 107

Continuous diffusion

, 102–105

Continuous models

, 93–95

Control variables

, 37

Cooperation

, 50, 57, 62

COVID-19 pandemic

, 173

Cross-cultural studies

, 25

Cultural trust

data

, 55–57

methods

, 57–58

results

, 59–60

theoretical background

, 51–55

third order and second order beliefs

, 52–55

third order inference theory

, 51–52

Culturally shared stereotypes

, 122–123

Culture shapes action

, 52

Data coding strategies

, 11–12

Decision-making process

, 163

Diffusion (see also Binary diffusion)

process

, 98–99, 107

studies

, 92

Dyadic-level process

, 150–151

Dyads

case for sentiments as constitutive of expectation states within

, 144–147

for granted

, 151–152

issues with enacting sentiments in

, 147–151

Dynamic opinion models

, 94

Emotions

, 116, 118, 144

display

, 119

Evaluation process

, 143

Evaluative learning

, 154

Events to headlines

, 7–9

Expectation states theories

, 143

Experimental design

, 51

Experimental Laboratory for Sociology and Economics (ELSE)

, 99

Experimental public goods games

, 50

Experimental studies

, 52–53

Factor analyses

, 25

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

, 168

“Feminine” approach

, 122–123

First-order threat of opportunism

, 79–80

fMRI study

, 155

Fundamental self-sentiments

, 27, 37

Gender

, 162–164, 169–170

stereotypes

, 122–123

General Social Survey (GSS)

, 56

Generalized estimating equations (GEE)

, 170

Gunmen

, 3

Headlines

, 6–7

Hegselmann-Krause model

, 94

Identity

, 25

Inauthentic identities

, 25–26

Inauthenticity

, 24, 26, 28, 37

Inconsistent status information

, 164–165

Individual-level process

, 150–151

Injustice, from powerlessness to dreams of combating

, 30–31

Innovation

, 94

Intensity hypothesis

, 149

Interactions

, 24

Internet personality surveys

, 156

Intraparietal sulcus (IPS)

, 154–155

Intuitive problem-solving ability

, 172

Isla Vista shooter

, 24–25

Justice processes

, 118

Laboratory, enacting social tie within

, 149–150

Leifer’s local action theory

, 73–74, 77

LGBTQ community

, 5

Liberals

, 5

Lifeboat test

, 172

Liking and disliking

, 143, 146, 148, 154, 156

Linear regression analysis

, 104–105

Local action

limitations of

, 77–78

in more general theory

, 78–83

theory

, 73, 76–77

Masculine stereotypes

, 122–123

Masculinity

, 24

Mass murder, generalization, redefinition, and justifying

, 32

Mass shooter’s “manifesto”, case study

, 27–34

coding strategy

, 27–28

data and method

, 27

thematic analysis

, 28–32

theoretical analysis

, 33–34

Mass violence

, 24, 40

ACT-self

, 25–26

aspirational self-sentiments

, 37

case study of one mass shooter’s “manifesto”

, 27–34

control variables

, 37

data and methods

, 35–40

dependent variables

, 35–37

illustration

, 26–27

implications

, 41–42

inauthenticity

, 37

independent variables

, 37

limitations and future research

, 42–43

physical aggression

, 36–37

results

, 39–40

survey of men in emerging adulthood

, 34–35

violent fantasies

, 35–36

Mechanical Turk (MTurk)

, 9–10

Media

, 3

Men in emerging adulthood, survey of

, 34–35

Meta-theories

, 25

Mixed methods analyses

, 2

Modeling rhythmic synchronization

, 168

Multigroup mediation analysis

, 128–133

Negative emotions

, 124

Neuroscience, news from

, 154–156

OLS regression

, 39

Opinion formation

, 94

Opportunism, second-order threat of

, 79–81

Original survey data

, 34–35

Pearson correlations

, 40

analysis

, 35

Perceptions of police

, 4–6

Performance expectations

, 163–164

Personality

quizzes

, 156

test

, 150

Physical aggression

, 36–37

Police behavior

, 4–6

Police brutality and reform

, 2

Police officers

, 2–3

theoretical background

, 3–7

unchanged

, 12–13

Police pique interest in headlines

, 12

Policing

, 5–6

Political orientation influences assumptions

, 13–17

Political polarization

, 2–3

Political sectarianism

, 3

Procedural justice, emotional responses to

, 118–119

Process-oriented group

, 143

Public goods dilemmas

, 53–54

Public goods game (PGG)

, 51, 54, 56–57

Qualitative data analysis

, 17–18

Qualtrics Panels

, 35

Racists

, 3

Reciprocity

limitations of local action theory

, 77–78

local action theory

, 76–77

proposed framework

, 79–83

reconciling naive and cynical views on reciprocity

, 84–85

reverse bargaining

, 74

reverse bargaining credible

, 83

using reverse bargaining to overcome threat of second-order opportunism

, 81–83

second-order threat of opportunism

, 79–81

second-order threat of opportunism lurks in background of social exchange

, 81

subsuming local action in more general theory

, 78–83

working example of routine exchange

, 75–76

Reflected appraisals

, 24–25

Relational cohesion

, 163

Relational cohesion theory (RCT)

, 162

Reverse bargaining

, 73–74, 83

managing suspicions of ulterior motive with

, 78–83

to overcome threat of second-order opportunism

, 81–83

Rodger’s aspirational self-sentiments

, 34

Rodger’s autobiography

, 34–35

Rodger’s fundamental self-sentiments

, 33

Rodger’s situational self-sentiments

, 33

“Safe haven” effect

, 4–5

Second order beliefs compete

, 52–55

Second-order opportunism, reverse bargaining to overcome threat of

, 81–83

Second-order threat of opportunism

, 73, 79, 81

in background of all social exchange

, 81

Self

ACT-self

, 25–26

aspirational self-sentiments

, 37

case study of one mass shooter’s “manifesto”

, 27–34

control variables

, 37

data and methods

, 35–40

dependent variables

, 35–37

illustration

, 26–27

implications

, 41–42

inauthenticity

, 37

independent variables

, 37

limitations and future research

, 42–43

physical aggression

, 36–37

results

, 39–40

survey of men in emerging adulthood

, 34–35

violent fantasies

, 35–36

Self-evaluation

, 150–151

Self-reported cohesion

, 179

Self-sentiments

, 24–26

Sentiments

, 142

case for sentiments as constitutive of expectation states within dyads

, 144–147

enacting social tie within laboratory

, 149–150

issues with enacting sentiments in dyad

, 147–151

matter for task groups

, 143–144

news from neuroscience

, 154–156

processes

, 142, 147

salience

, 151–152

salience of sentiments as graded status characteristic

, 147–149

self-evaluation and alter-evaluation

, 150–151

sentiment enactments

, 151

in sentiments and status processes

, 156

three-person status generalization

, 153–154

Shelly model

, 153–154

Signaling

, 79–83

Situational self-sentiments

, 26, 28, 37

Social exchange, second-order threat of opportunism lurks in background of all

, 81

Social influence process

, 92–93, 99

Social learning process

, 94

Social networks

binary vs. continuous diffusion

, 102–105

biographical notes

, 107

code availability statement

, 108

continuous versus binary models

, 93–95

data availability statement

, 108

design

, 99–100

disclosure statement

, 108

ethical approval statement

, 108

experiment

, 99

funding details

, 107

local majorities

, 101–102

methods

, 99–100

results

, 101–105

setup

, 99–100

theoretical model

, 95–99

variables

, 101

Social process

, 52

Social psychological theories

, 25

Social psychologists

, 163–164

Social psychology

, 2

Social relationships

, 72

Social status

, 146–147

Social trust

, 56

index

, 58–60

Sociological exchange theorists

, 149–150

Sociological model

, 150

Sociological social psychology

, 142

Solidarity

, 163, 165

concept to sociologists

, 164–165

controls

, 171

experimental procedure

, 171–173

method

, 169–173

openness to influence

, 170–171

results

, 173–178

theoretical background

, 163–166

variables

, 170–171

vocal accommodation

, 170

vocal measures of solidarity and status

, 168–169

vocal solidarity

, 171

vocal synchrony and accommodation

, 166–169

Stata’s multigroup SEM tool

, 127

Status

, 162

generalization

, 142, 147, 150, 152

hierarchies

, 162

interventions

, 163–164, 178–179

structures

, 163, 179–180

Status characteristics theory (SCT)

, 162

Status-consistent groups

, 167

Status-inconsistent group

, 167

Steiger-Lind Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (Steiger-Lind RMSEA)

, 127

Structural Equation Model Builder

, 127

Subordinate gender

, 124

Survey Research Lab (SRL)

, 125

Sustainable reciprocal exchange

, 72–73

Symbolic interaction

, 52

Synchronization process

, 166–168

Temporoparietal junction (TPJ)

, 155

Thematic analysis

, 28–32

fantasies of greatness and fitting in

, 28–30

generalization, redefinition, and justifying mass murder

, 32

from powerlessness to dreams of combating injustice

, 30–31

social comparison, personal insult, and fantasies in action

, 31–32

Theoretical analysis

, 33–34

Theoretical model

, 98–99

Third order beliefs

, 52–55

Third Order Inference theory

, 50–52

Three-person status generalization

, 153–154

Transfer of Attitudes Recursively (TAR)

, 151

Trust

, 75

Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)

, 127

Two-tailed t-tests

, 175

Unconscious biases

, 163–164

Univariate analysis

, 128

Value-capture mode

, 80–81

Value-capture orientation

, 78

Value-creation mode

, 80–81

Vignette manipulation checks

, 128

Violence (see also Mass violence)

, 24–25, 36–37

Vocal accommodation

, 166–167, 169–170

Vocal analysis

, 167

Vocal measures of solidarity and status

, 168–169

Vocal solidarity

, 171

Vocal synchrony

, 166–169

Warmth

, 116–117

authority behaviors shaping

, 120–121

impressions

, 120–122, 124

Worker emotions

, 120–122, 124

moderating effects of impressions of authorities on

, 122–123

Workplace inequality

analysis strategy

, 127

authority behaviors and worker emotions

, 118–120

competence and warmth impressions and worker emotions

, 120–124

emotional responses to benevolent power use

, 119–120

emotional responses to procedural justice

, 118–119

gender stereotypes

, 122–123

measures

, 126–127

methods

, 124–125

multigroup mediation analysis

, 128–133

results

, 128–133

study overview

, 124–125

study participants

, 125

subordinate gender

, 124

vignette manipulation checks and univariate analysis

, 128

vignettes and manipulations

, 126–127