Levels of performance: multi-level perspectives on outstanding leadership

Abstract

Mumford, Hunter, Friedrich, and Caughron (2009) consider and evaluate conditions that may influence how charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders emerge and perform. In particular, they look at differing conditions that operate at the individual, group, organizational, and environmental levels, and suggest how conditions at these multiple levels of observation may drive how each of the three types of outstanding leaders emerges and performs in society. This commentary considers how scholars might use their work to make predictions about outstanding leadership, and which conditions might be ideal for the emergence of each of the three types of outstanding leadership.

Citation

(Jerry) Hunt, J.G. and Davis, J.N. (2009), "Levels of performance: multi-level perspectives on outstanding leadership", Yammarino, F.J. and Dansereau, F. (Ed.) Multi-Level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Leadership (Research in Multi-Level Issues, Vol. 8), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1475-9144(2009)0000008005