Index
Resilience and Familism: The Dynamic Nature of Families in the Philippines
ISBN: 978-1-80455-415-9, eISBN: 978-1-80455-414-2
ISSN: 1530-3535
Publication date: 10 August 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2023), "Index", Gregorio, V.L., Batan, C.M. and Blair, S.L. (Ed.) Resilience and Familism: The Dynamic Nature of Families in the Philippines (Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, Vol. 23), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1530-353520230000023017
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Veronica L. Gregorio, Clarence M. Batan and Sampson Lee Blair
INDEX
Acceptance
, 55
of cohabitation as happy
, 59–60
of/by children
, 57–58
by parents
, 58–59
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
, 146
Activities of daily living (ADL)
, 290
Adolescence
, 68–69
Adult male life prisoners
, 38
Aging
, 12, 14, 292
Agrarian reform beneficiary
, 215
Agriculture
, 212
Alyas (alias)
, 147
Ambient co-presence
, 90
Ambivalent connections and disconnected intimacies
, 93–94
Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
, 22
Attention economy
, 23
Autonomy
, 42–43
Average farm household
, 219
Bansag (moniker)
, 147
Bare branches
, 5–6
Barkada
, 274
Bastos (disrespectful)
, 66
Bathing
, 138
Bayanihan (community spirit)
, 39
Binyag (baptism)
, 66
Birth order
, 107
Bragging
, 277–280
Brief family relationship scale (BFRS)
, 169
Capacity for caring
, 114
Capacity for emotional distance
, 114
Care
, 130, 286
Caregiving
, 290–291
challenges and coping strategies in
, 132–135
Caretaker syndrome
, 109
Centenarian Act of 2016
, 296
Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Infertility (CAMRI)
, 27
Center for Women’s Resources
, 57
Chi-square test
, 233
Childlessness in Filipino family
, 8
Children
, 229, 287–288
in Filipino family
, 8
involvement in separation
, 196
Civil society
, 208, 217–218
Civil society organizations (CSOs)
, 218
Co-presence
, 89
Co-residence
, 129
Codependency
, 109
Cognitive skills
, 68
Cohabitation
, 52
in Asia
, 53–56
attitudes toward
, 9–10
boom
, 52
in Philippines
, 3–5
Cohesion
, 166
Collective goods
, 208, 210
Collectivism
, 129–132, 251–252
Collision of values
, 187
Commerce
, 164
Commission of Filipino Overseas (CFO)
, 186
Commitment
, 52
Communication technologies
, 86
Community acceptance
, 55
Commuter marriages
, 5
Composite case study
, 111–112
Compounded stigma
, 146
Compounding G/B/MSM-and HIV-related stigma
, 147
Compounding stigma
, 157
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
, 36
Compulsive tagasalo
, 110–111
Conflict
, 166
Connected presence
, 90
Contemporary Filipino family film
, 250
argument and organization
, 250
family in Philippine Society
, 250
films
, 252–257
individualism and collectivism
, 251–252
Philippine democracy via family
, 259–262
social context
, 257–259
Control
lack of
, 42–43
need for
, 113
Coping
accepting relationship of parent with his/her man/woman
, 198
accepting separation of parents
, 198–199
with changed family situation
, 197
dealing with changed family situation
, 199
friends as primary source of support
, 197–198
responses
, 187
Correctional Institution for Women
, 36
Correlation of demographic characteristics and family relationship domains
, 171
COVID-19 pandemic
, 86, 164
data analysis procedure
, 170
data gathering procedure and ethical considerations
, 170
instrumentation
, 169–170
methods
, 168–170
results
, 170–174
strengths and limitations of study
, 177
study design and participants
, 168–169
theoretical framework and hypothesis building
, 165–168
Crisis of care
, 87
Crisis of masculinity
, 271
Cultural values
, 130
in caregiving
, 137–138
Culture
, 67–68
Damayan (helping one another)
, 39
Data analysis procedure
, 170
Data collection scheme
, 211–212
Data gathering procedure and ethical considerations
, 170
Dating
, 67
Debt of gratitude
, 138
Dementia
, 128
Filipino culture and Filipino family in dementia care
, 129–130
identity and personhood
, 128–129
method
, 130–131
results
, 131–138
Democracy
, 250
Demographic portrait of Filipino family
, 2
attitudes toward marriage, cohabitation, and divorce
, 9–10
attitudes toward sexual behavior and relationships of sexual minorities in Philippines
, 10–11
children and childlessness in Filipino family
, 8
fertility and fertility preferences
, 7–8
living arrangements and exchange of support among older Filipinos
, 12–13
marriage, cohabitation, and relationships in Philippines
, 3–5
non-marriage among Filipinos
, 5–6
union dissolution
, 6–7
Demographic profile questionnaire
, 169
Demographics, changing
, 257–258
Department of Health (DOH)
, 211
Dependability and affiliation (DA)
, 110
Deprivation of autonomy
, 37–38
Deprivation of goods and services
, 37–38
Deprivation of heterosexual relationships
, 37–38
Deprivation of liberty
, 37–38
Deprivation of security
, 38
Descriptive statistics
, 170–171
Digital cultures
, 30
Division of labor
, 188
Divorce
, 52
attitudes toward
, 9–10
Doing family
, 55
Domestic workers
, 270
Drinking alcohol
, 67
Drug use
, 67
Drug-sentencing laws
, 36
Dungis (stain/blemish)
, 147
Economic well-being and support
, 289–290
Economy
, 208
Ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM)
, 232
Effective technology-mediated transnational exchanges
, 87
Elderly
, 286
economic well-being and support
, 289–290
filial duty and respect for age
, 286–287
institutionalization of elderly
, 294–295
living arrangements
, 287–289
physical well-being and caregiving
, 290–291
recommendations for future research on welfare of elderly
, 295–297
social well-being and mental health
, 291–294
Emails
, 89
Enacted stigma
, 146
Entertainers
, 270
Ethnographic study
, 190
Expressiveness
, 166
Externalizing behaviors of Tagasalo
, 114–117
Extramarital sex (EMS)
, 4
Facebook
, 92
Factory work
, 270
Familism
, 109
Family
, 2, 38, 52, 67–68, 132, 147, 205, 208, 280
acceptance
, 55
caregivers
, 129
conceptual framework
, 207–210
data and result
, 212–218
data collection scheme
, 211–212
dynamics
, 104
ethical compliance and methodology
, 210–212
fishing history
, 238–239
life
, 87
locales of study
, 210–211
of municipal fishers
, 233
in Philippine Society
, 250
rituals
, 92
structure
, 131–132
support
, 109
welfare
, 186
Family relationship
, 166
and life satisfaction
, 167–168
and mental health
, 166–167
Family systems
of Tagasalo
, 106–107
theory
, 165–167
Farm families
, 206, 217
Farm group engagement
, 217–218
Farm household
, 216, 219
landholding categories
, 214–215
Farm inter-generational transmission
, 216–217
Farm sector
, 213
Farmland ownership
, 214–215
Farmland rights
, 220
Fear of feminization
, 273
Felt/internalized stigma
, 146
Femininophobia
, 273
Feminization
, 277
Fertility
, 2, 7–8
preferences
, 7–8
Filial duty and respect for age
, 286–287
Filial piety
, 109, 286–287
Filipino Adherence to Masculinity Expectations Scale (FAME Scale)
, 271–273
Filipino Children Under Stress
, 105
Filipino culture
, 129–130
Filipino family
, 2, 104, 187, 250
children and childlessness in
, 8
in dementia care
, 129–130
dispersion
, 87
Filipino fatherhood
, 268
Filipino identity
, 270
Filipino males
, 66
Filipino manhood
, 268, 280
Filipino men’s gender roles
, 270
Filipino Traits
, 271–273
Filipino Values
, 104–105
Filipino women
, 40–41
Films
, 252
Four Sisters and a Wedding
, 254–257
Kung Ayaw Mo, Huwag Mo!
, 252–254
Financial expenditure
, 52
Fines and penalties to restrain violations
, 237–238
Fish scarcity and importation
, 238
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (FARMC)
, 235
Fishing experience and livelihood preference
, 239–240
Fishing involvement
, 234–235
Fishing livelihood
, 228
Formal rules
, 209
Four Sisters and a Wedding
, 250–251, 254
balancing act
, 256–257
clash
, 255–256
compatibility
, 256
Fragments of daily life
, 98
Freedom
, 52
Frequency
, 233
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
, 32
Friends as primary source of support
, 197–198
Friends with benefits (FB)
, 5
Fuck buddies (FUBU)
, 5
Full SIVF (F-SIVF)
, 151–153
Functional structuralism
, 206
Game theory
, 206
Gender
, 40, 53
equality
, 79
traits of masculinity
, 272
Gendered pains of indeterminate imprisonment
, 38
Global care chains
, 97
Global studies
, 37
Government Service Insurance System
, 289
Graduate students
, 165
Harmony, need for
, 113
Health misinformation
, 29
HIV
, 146
Hiya (shame)
, 68
Homo economicus
, 207
Homonegativity
, 153
Homosexuality
, 146
Homosociality through barkada and brads
, 274–277
Hopelessness
, 43
Households
income sources
, 215
in Philippines
, 11
Identity
, 128–129
Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing)
, 228–229
Importation
, 230
Imprisoned mothers
, 39
Imprisonment
, 36
pains of
, 37–40
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
, 22
analysis of YouTube comments
, 28–31
analysis of YouTube videos
, 24–28
visibility labor and
, 31–32
visibility of IVF
, 23
Incarceration
, 41
Individualism
, 251–252, 258
Infidelity effects on children
, 190–191
Informal rules
, 209
Information and communication technologies (ICTs)
, 86
adopting
, 88
ambivalent connections and disconnected intimacies
, 93–94
negotiating virtual intimacies
, 90–93
research methods
, 88–89
surveillance
, 95–98
technological omnipresence across borders
, 89–90
Information leakage
, 96
Instagram
, 92
Institutional domain
, 207–208
Institutionalization of elderly
, 294–295
Institutions
, 206, 209–210, 217, 272
Instrumental ADL (IADL)
, 290
Instrumentation
, 169
BFRS
, 169
demographic profile questionnaire
, 169
SWEMWBS
, 169
SWLS
, 169–170
Integration of thematic analysis and case studies
, 112
Intergenerational transmission
, 210
Internalizing behaviors of Tagasalo
, 114–117
International migration
, 96–97
International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)
, 4
Internet service provider (ISP)
, 91
Interpersonal sources
, 39, 45
Intersectionality
, 30
Intimate relationships
, 53
Invisible SIVF (I-SIVF)
, 151, 155–157
Izumi and Talangka household’s relevant social characteristics
, 213–214
JAMOVI
, 177
Japan Data Collection Site
, 211
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
, 165
Japan’s agricultural technology
, 219
Japanese
, 88
Kaginhawaan
, 176
Kahihiyan sa pamilya (shame/dishonor to family)
, 148
Kapwa
, 104
Kato Repro Biotech Center (KRBC)
, 24
Kinship
, 208
Kung Ayaw Mo, Huwag Mo!
, 250–252
obligations, sacrifice, and self-determination
, 253–254
power dynamics
, 253
Kuya (older brother)
, 276
Labas
, 271, 273
bragging
, 277–280
homosociality through barkada and brads
, 274–277
Labor export-oriented economy
, 87
Labor force
, 187
Labor migration
, 186
Labour Export Policy of 1972
, 270
Laguna
, 211
Landholding
, 214–215
Landlord tenancy arrangement in Barangay Talangka
, 215
Layered stigma
, 146
Learning
, 69
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)
, 10
LGBT
, 148
Life participation
, 135–137
Life satisfaction
, 167–168
LINE
, 92
Listening, ability for
, 113
Live-in couples
, 53
Livelihood preference for children
, 234–235
Living apart together (LAT)
, 5
Living arrangements
, 287–289
and exchange of support among older Filipinos
, 12–13
Loob
, 271–273
Macro International Inc. (MI)
, 6
Maduming dugo (dirty/spoiled blood)
Malandi (slutty)
, 148
Manhood
, 67
Marine protected areas (MPAs)
, 235–237
Marital relationship
, 53
Marriage
, 52
attitudes toward
, 9–10
in Philippines
, 3–5
squeeze
, 5
Masculine solidarity
, 279
Masculinity
, 269, 272
Masculinity Attitudes, Stress, and Conformity (MASC)
, 273
Mass media
, 68
Material resources
, 39
Maturation
, 69
Mean
, 233
Media
, 68
Mediation analysis of BFRS, SWEMWBS, and SWLS
, 171–173
Mental health
, 166–167, 291–294
Migrants for export
, 87
Migration
, 54, 187
impact
, 188
scholars
, 86
Military Reserve Corps
, 276
Mobile devices
, 96
Mobile lives
, 90
Mommy bloggers
, 26–27
Money matters
, 27–28
Motherhood
, 56
Journey
, 28
in Philippines
, 40–41
Mothering
, 37–40
disrupted mothering role
, 43–45
Motivational discussions
, 94
MSMs
, 148, 151
Mundane connections
, 91
Municipal fishing
, 228
literature review
, 229–231
methods
, 232–233
multiple responses
, 234–240
in Philippines
, 231
results
, 233–240
Municipal waters
, 235–237
Narrative analysis procedure
, 150
Narrative constructionism
, 148
Natauhan (realization)
, 77–78
National Capital Region (NCR)
, 150
National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)
, 3
National fisheries production
, 228
National Statistics Office (NSO)
, 6
Necking
, 67
Neo-institutionalism
, 206
Non-compulsive tagasalo
, 111
Non-farm jobs
, 219
Non-marriage among Filipinos
, 5–6
Nuclear households
, 11
Obedience
, 109
Obligation
, 109
Oil-rich Gulf countries
, 186
Online cosmopolitans
, 93–94
Oral sex
, 67
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 219
Organisation of United Urban Poor Women
, 57
Overseas Filipino workers (OFW)
, 186–187
analysis of data
, 193
data collection
, 192
ethical considerations
, 192–193
literature review
, 187–191
methodology
, 191–193
results
, 193–199
selection of participants
, 192
Padrino (patron–client relationship)
, 39
Pagiging magalang (being respectful)
, 105
Pagiging masunurin (being obedient)
, 105
Pains of imprisonment
, 37–40
Pains of indeterminacy
, 38
Pakikipagkapwa
, 104
Pakikiramdam
, 104
Pandemic
, 86
Panunukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP)
, 110
Parent infidelity
, 194
acceptance of decision for separation
, 196
children’s involvement in separation
, 196
decision for separation
, 195
emotions
, 195–196
finding out
, 194–195
parents’ marriage
, 195
Parental involvement
, 3
Parental preference
, 239
Parenthood and difficulties of becoming fathers
, 69–70
Parentification
, 109
Parenting typologies
, 231
Parents as central
, 114
Partial SIVF (P-SIVF)
, 151, 153–155
Participation in fisheries management
, 237
Payaw (fish attracting devices)
, 236
Percentage distribution
, 233
Personhood
, 128–129
Persons living with HIV (PLHIVs)
, 146
Philippine correctional system
, 36
Philippine Data Collection Site
, 211
Philippine democracy via family
, 259–262
Philippine fish market
, 241
Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
, 229
Philippine Military Academy (PMA)
, 276
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
, 6–7, 211
Philippine Studies Program (PSP)
, 269
Philippines
, 2, 22, 54–55, 92, 128, 164, 186, 268
attitudes toward sexual behavior and relationships of sexual minorities in
, 10–11
average size of families in
, 220
businesses in
, 250
households in
, 11
labor export-oriented economy in
, 87
marriage, cohabitation, and relationships in
, 3–5
motherhood in
, 40–41
municipal fishing in
, 231
psychological health of gay men
, 272
re-indigenization movement of
, 268
teenage fatherhood in
, 67
Physical co-presence
, 87
Physical well-being
, 290–291
Pinangatawanan (accountability)
, 77–78
Pinanindigan (taking responsibility)
, 77–78
Poisonous parenting
, 258
Politics
, 260
Polity
, 208
Polymedia
, 89
environment
, 92
theory
, 90
Poor education
, 37
Poverty
, 37
Pre-marital sex (PMS)
, 4, 77
as expression of true love
, 71–74
Pregnancy
, 37–40
Pregnant women
, 39
Prisoners
, 46
Psychological health of gay men
, 272
Psychological resources
, 39
Purposive sampling
, 131
Qualitative inductive approach
, 41
Qualitative methods
, 111
Querida system
, 4
Re-displaying family
, 55–56
Re-indigenization movement of Philippines
, 268
Redeemer complex
, 109
Reflexive thematic analysis
approach
, 41
framework
, 131
Regression-based strategy
, 177
Relationships in Philippines
, 3–5
Religion
, 130
Republic Act 10868
, 296
Republic Act 8550
, 229
Republic Act 9165
, 36
Resilience
, 97
Responsibility to self and to others (RESP)
, 110
Risk-taking
, 69
Samahan ng Maralitang Kababaihang Nagkakaisa (SAMAKANA)
, 57
Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS)
, 169–170
School
, 164
Self-announcement
, 60
Semi-structured interview
, 41
Senior Citizens Act of 2010
, 295
Sense of responsibility
, 112–113
Sense of self
, 128
Separation
experience of
, 191
of parents
, 189–190
Serial cohabitation
, 53
cohabitation in Asia
, 53–56
methodology
, 57–60
Philippine context
, 54–55
theoretical approach
, 55–56
Sex education
, 68
Sexual identity
, 146
Sexual minorities in Philippines, attitudes toward sexual behavior and relationships of
, 10–11
Sexual promiscuity
, 66
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
, 152
Shared household
, 53
Short Warwick–Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (SWEMWBS)
, 166, 169
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
, 104–105, 269–271
Silliman University Research Ethics Committee
, 233
Smallholding
, 211
Smart technologies
, 96
Smoking
, 67
Social agency theory
, 206
Social anxiety in social situation (SASS)
, 110
Social connectedness
, 87
Social cost of parental absence of OFW parents
, 187–189
Social environment
, 129
Social institution
, 207
Social media
, 96
Social networks
, 39
as coping resources
, 45–46
Social resources
, 39
Social Security System
, 289
Social well-being
, 291–294
Socialization
, 231
Society of Captives
, 37
South Negros
, 232
Sta Maria
, 211
Stepfamily
, 53
Stigma
, 130, 146
data gathering procedure
, 149–150
ethical considerations
, 150
key informants
, 149
local conceptualization
, 147–148
methods
, 148–150
narrative analysis procedure
, 150
results
, 151–157
study design
, 148
Surveillance
, 95–98
t-test
, 233
Tagalog
, 88
Tagasalo as sibling
, 114
Tagasalo personality
, 104, 107
basic principles
, 108
and birth order
, 107
comparisons with related concepts
, 109–110
composite case study
, 119–120
development
, 105–107
dimensions
, 110–111
dynamics
, 108–109
implications of study
, 121–123
integrating multidimensions
, 117–120
limitations and recommendations for research
, 122–123
manifestations
, 118–119
methodology
, 111–112
multidimensional perspective
, 120–121
results
, 112–120
scale
, 110–111
Sikolohiyang Pilipino and Filipino Values
, 104–105
themes supporting behaviors characterizing
, 112–117
therapeutic work with
, 122
Technological omnipresence across borders
, 89–90
Teenage fatherhood
, 66
adolescence and risky behaviors
, 68–69
challenges and effects
, 74–76
family and culture
, 67–68
family history and dynamics
, 71
literature review
, 67–70
making sense of teenage fathers’ experiences
, 78–79
methods
, 70–71
parenthood and difficulties of becoming fathers
, 69–70
in Philippines
, 67
premarital sex as expression of true love
, 71–74
sex education and role of media
, 68
three-stage process
, 77–78
Teenage pregnancy
, 66
Tenancy
, 221
Test tube babies
, 28
Test-tube conception (see In vitro fertilization (IVF))
Testing
, 52
The Project Red Ribbon (TRR)
, 149
Thematic analysis of reflective essays
, 111
TikTok
, 23
TikTokers
, 23
Time use
, 52
Total fertility rate (TFR)
, 7
Toxic families
, 258–259
Transnational family relationships in Asia
, 186
Transnational migration
, 186
True Manhood (see Tunay na Lalaki)
Trustworthiness
, 150
Tunay na Lalaki
, 268–269
Filipino Manhood and Family
, 280
labas
, 273–280
Loob and Filipino Traits
, 271–273
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
, 269–271
Underemployment
, 37
Undisplaying family
, 55–56
Union dissolution
, 2, 6–7
Union formation
, 2
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
, 148
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP)
, 189
Users
, 96
Utang na loob
, 138
Viber
, 92
Violence
, 208
Virtual intimacies
marking and displaying key milestones
, 92–93
Mundane connections
, 91
negotiating
, 90
Virtual methodologies
, 88
Visibility labor
, 23
and IVF
, 31–32
Visibility of IVF
, 23
Vulnerable child as Tagasalo
, 106
War on drugs
, 36
WhatsApp
, 92
Women lifers’ experiences
, 38
Work
, 164
Work-from-home (WFH)
, 164
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 164
Young Adult and Fertility Study (YAFS)
, 3
YouTube comments
analysis of
, 28
intersectional issues
, 30–31
successes and failures
, 29–30
tackling health misinformation
, 29
YouTube videos
analysis of
, 24
inspiration
, 26–27
money matters
, 27–28
normalizing Motherhood Journey
, 28
YouTubers
, 31
Zoom
, 92
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: A Demographic Portrait of the Filipino Family: A Glimpse from the Recent Past
- Narratives of Parenthood
- Chapter 2: The Road to Visibility: IVF and Motherhood Journey of Filipino Influencers
- Chapter 3: Pregnancy, Motherhood, and Family: Stories Behind Bars
- Chapter 4: Acceptance Is Key: Toward A Framework for Understanding Serial Cohabitation
- Chapter 5: Selected Cases of Teenage Fatherhood in The Philippines: an Analysis of Risks and Resilience
- Care Provisions in/from the Family
- Chapter 6: ICT-Mediated Familial Care in Turbulent Times: Filipinos' Subjectivities, Virtual Intimacy, and Resilience Amid Social Change
- Chapter 7: An Exposition of the Multidimensionality of the Tagasalo Personality
- Chapter 8: Maintaining Personhood and Identity in Dementia: Families as Partners in Care
- Chapter 9: Sexual Identity Visibility and Compounding Stigma in the Familial Context: Life Histories Among Filipino MSMs Living with HIV
- Chapter 10: Family Relationship, Mental Well-being, and Life Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mediation Study Among Filipino Graduate Students
- Families of OFWs, Farmers, and Fisherfolks
- Chapter 11: Response and Coping Mechanisms of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) Children to Parents' Separation
- Chapter 12: The Family as a Farm Institution: Cases in Japan and the Philippines
- Chapter 13: Parental Livelihood Preference for Children Among Municipal Fishing Families in South Negros, Philippines
- Representations of the Filipino Family
- Chapter 14: Self, Family, and Democracy: Individualism and Collectivism in Two Contemporary Filipino Family Films
- Chapter 15: Tunay Na Lalaki/True Manhood in the Philippines: Historical Development, Identity Formations, and Family Contexts
- Chapter 16: The Elderly in the Filipino Family
- Index