Canada
domestic violence death review committees (DVDRCs)
, 68, 69–70, 71–72, 75–76
indigenous women and girls in
, 79
indigenous women in
, 68–69
provinces and territories in
, 69
Canadian Domestic Homicide Prevention Initiative with Vulnerable Populations (CDHPIVP)
, 8–9, 68–69, 70, 73–74, 78–79
Capabilities approach
, 127, 128
Caregivers
, 54
sexual abuse by
, 51, 60
CC (A Minor) v. DPP, 1996
, 92
CDHPIVP. See Canadian Domestic Homicide Prevention Initiative with Vulnerable Populations (CDHPIVP)
CEDAW. See Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
CEFM. See Child, early and forced marriage (CEFM)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
, 51
Child abuse
, 109, 118–119
prevention of
, 119
in Russia
, 109
Child abuse and neglect
, 19, 20–21
Child brides
, 161, 177–178, 186
Child care deinstitutionalization, Russia
, 119
Child-centred orientation
, 51–52
Child, early and forced marriage (CEFM)
, 193
Childhood and moral community
, 100–102
Child maltreatment
paediatric literature on
, 54
in Swiss child protection practice
, 56–59
Child maltreatment categories
, 48
configuration of persons
, 49–51
lack of operationalization
, 49–50
perpetrators
, 51
thresholds
, 55
violent acts and omissions
, 51–55
additional forms of violence against children
, 53–55
consent and power differentials
, 52
malevolent
, 51–52
neglecting the neglect
, 52–53
witnessing intimate partner violence
, 53
Child maltreatment fatalities (CMFs)
, 34–35
criminal charges in
, 40–41
defined
, 34
gender in
, 40–41
history and culture in idealization of women
, 39
implications
, 41–42
perpetration for
, 35–37, 39–41
perpetrators
, 36, 42
as mother’s male partner
, 37
risk factors for
, 35–37
victimization for
, 35–37
Child marriage, India
, 150–151
(mal-)governance of
, 158–162
governing citizenship
state and (selective) services
, 162–164
strengthening the battle against child marriage
, 164–165
international conventions and national legislations
, 169
National Family and Health Surveys
, 152
phenomenology and “hilly landscape” of
, 151–156
structural violence and (mal-)governance
, 156–158
UNFPA’s “Marrying too Young” documents
, 152
Child marriage, Kyrgyzstan
Children’s Code of the Kyrgyz Republic
, 173
child spouses in
, 175
Commission on Family and Child Support Department
, 183–184
Criminal Code
, 173
domestic legislation
, 173
Family Code of the Kyrgyz Republic
, 173, 183–184
Institutional Ethnography
, 158–162
Instructional Methodology
, 182–183
international and domestic legal framework
, 172–173
National Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic
, 173
rates of
, 172
“School without violence”
, 181–182
social organization of case management in schools
, 180–181
social organization of exclusion
, 185–186
socio-political context
, 173–175
translocally organized school work
, 182–185
unemployment
, 173–174
Child Marriage Prohibition Officer
, 161
Child Marriage Restraint Act
, 158, 159, 160
Child marriage, United States
, 192, 193, 194
child marriage policies
, 192–193, 195
Child neglect
and accidents
intersecting areas
, 40
and psychological maltreatment
, 58–59
Child protection
, 48
authorities
, 57–58
conceptual issues in
, 49–55
in German
, 18, 21–22
intervention
, 55
legislation
, 51, 55, 56
orientation
, 21
practice
, 55
as social problems rhetoric
, 20–21
social workers
, 23
in St. Petersburg
, 110–111
Children and Young Persons Act 1933
, 90
Children
assignment of causes
, 27–28
commission and omission against
, 55
conditional criminal responsibility
, 87
conditions for recognizing the child as victim
, 114–116
deflection of responsibility
, 27
ignored and troubling
, 27–28, 29
innocent
, 116
naughtiness and
, 91
out-of-home placements of
, 22
parents and
, 111, 112, 118, 120
sexual innocence
, 196
sexual violence against
, 51
and social control
, 5–6
violence against
, 3, 4–5, 54
Children’s deaths, fathers responsible for
, 36
Child sexual abuse
, 50, 52
by caregivers
, 60
definition
, 37
Child’s victim status, consensus and differences in recognizing
, 112, 113–114
Child welfare
policy-making
, 40
workers
, 37–39
CMFs. See Child maltreatment fatalities (CMFs)
Commission for Juvenile Affairs
, 114–115, 118, 120
Commission to Eliminate Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities
, 35
Conceptual issues, in child protection
, 49–55
Conflicts of autonomy
, 54
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
, 10, 159–160, 172–173
Convention on the Rights of Children
, 162
Corporal punishment
, 109, 116, 117, 133
Crime and Disorder Act (1998)
, 96–97
Crime and modern, normalized child
, 96–100
Crime Victims Compensation Act
, 19
Criminal charges, in child maltreatment fatalities
, 40–41
Criminal responsibility
, 89
age of
, 86–87, 88–89, 98–99
central dimension of
, 98–99
of children
in Australia
, 86
in England
, 86
conditional
, 86–87, 88, 102
minimum age of
, 86–87
transition zone in
, 99
C (A Minor) v. DPP, 1994
, 93
C (A Minor) v. DPP, 1996
, 92, 94
Idealization of women, history and culture in
, 39
India, child marriage
, 150–151
(mal-)governance of
, 158–162
governing citizenship
state and (selective) services
, 162–164
strengthening the battle against child marriage
, 164–165
international conventions and national legislations
, 169
National Family and Health Surveys
, 152
phenomenology and “hilly landscape” of
, 151–156
structural violence and (mal-)governance
, 156–158
UNFPA’s “Marrying too Young” documents
, 152
Indian Legal Penalty Code (IPC) of 1860
, 159
Indigenous women, Canada
, 68–69
Institutional Ethnography, Kyrgyzstan
, 158–162
Institutional power
, 162–164
Instructional Methodology
, 182–183, 185–186
International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN)
, 59–60
Intimacy, romantic and sexual forms of
, 74
Intimate partner homicide
, 71–72
Intimate partner victims
, 75
Intimate partner violence, primary perpetrators of
, 72
Irresponsible mother
, 25–26
ISPCAN. See International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN)
Parents
, 108, 116, 150
behaviours
, 117
and children
, 111, 112, 118, 120
as perpetrators
, 51
Partner violence, witnessing intimate
, 53
Pastoralist
, 126, 128–129
People-changing process
, 28–29
Perpetration
, 19, 21
for child maltreatment fatalities
, 35–37, 39–41
Perpetrators
, 36, 51, 75, 158
of child maltreatment fatalities
, 36
of intimate partner violence
, 72
as mother’s male partner
, 37
non-intimate partner
, 75–76
parents as
, 51
police officers and
, 75–76
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
, 195
Physical abuse-related deaths
, 34
PIL. See Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
Police officers and perpetrators
, 75–76
Policy-making, child welfare
, 40
Pregnancy
, 192
clauses
, 193–194
exception to child marriage restrictions
, 196
Pregnant girls, marriage of
, 194–195
The Prevention of Child Marriage Bill
, 158
Professionals, misperceptions among
, 37–41
Prohibition of Child Marriage Act
, 158, 160–161, 169
Psychological maltreatment
, 54
child neglect and
, 58–59
Psychologist, in Social Support Centre
, 119
Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
, 160
St. Petersburg, Russia
child protection in
, 110–111
Family and Childhood Support Centres in
, 111
School-aged children
, 131
Schools, social organization of case management in
, 180–181
School workers, secondary
, 179–180
Sexual abuse
, 119
by caregivers
, 51
defined
, 52
Sexual exceptionalism
, 192–193
Sexual forms of intimacy
, 74
Sexual violence
, 199–201
against children
, 51
Social control, children and
, 5–6
Social organization, of case management in schools
, 180–181
Social problems, occurrence of
, 20
Social problems rhetoric, child protection as
, 20–21
Social problems work
, 18, 20–21
Social protection system
, 111
in Russia
, 110
Social risk, family at
, 108
Social Support Centre, psychologist in
, 119
Social workers
, 24, 25–26, 119
child protection
, 23
and clients
, 25
contracted
, 25
of German child protection system
, 18
language of
, 116
and mothers
, 21
and pedagogical occupations
, 21
in public and private child protection agencies
, 22
rhetorical devices for
, 25–26, 28
of youth
, 22, 25
Sociodemographic factors
, 35
Sociology
generational and gender bias
, 1–2
of violence
, 2–4
as emerging field
, 4–5
Statutory rape
, 192
laws
, 192, 203
policy
, 194–195
Swiss child protection authorities
, 53
Swiss child protection practice
child maltreatment in
, 56–59