Index

Indigenous Management Practices in Africa

ISBN: 978-1-78754-849-7, eISBN: 978-1-78754-848-0

ISSN: 1877-6361

Publication date: 10 August 2018

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2018), "Index", Indigenous Management Practices in Africa (Advanced Series in Management, Vol. 20), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1877-636120180000020015

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Abathwa people
, 106

Accounting
, 73

computerized accounting systems
, 87–88

information systems
, 73

practices
, 78

Accounting rate of return (ARR)
, 87

Africa kingdoms
, 102–103

Africa management education
, 251

African buyer’s purchase behaviour
, 25–26

advice for managers, educators and policymakers
, 26–27

characteristics
, 12

consumer behaviour and socio-cultural influences
, 10–12

cultural influence
, 19–22

factors to shape
, 17–19

nature of
, 12–17

path to purchase
, 22–25

African management
, 75

and leadership styles
, 199

model
, 261–263

African National Congress (ANC)
, 129, 133

African Socialism
, 132

African/Africa
, 72

Africa-oriented management curriculum
, 262

civilisation
, 198

communities
, 195

countries and dates of independence
, 137–138

culture
, 227

economic transactions
, 10

educational theories and practices
, 257

epistemology
, 208

family business
, 191

indigenous knowledge
, 1

leaders
, 101

leadership identity
, 130–131

logistics challenges and opportunities in
, 57

management practices
, 98

manager
, 103, 209, 211

markets
, 171, 173

recommendations for logistics and SCM processes improvement
, 64

selling practices, cultural principles in
, 40–42

specific logistics management practices in
, 62–64

spirit of Ubuntu
, 202

system of ethical principles
, 208

territories
, 124

traditional educational system
, 255

traditional management knowledge
, 262

Air transportation
, 58–59

Akan people
, 106, 212

Akikuyu
, 154

Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA)
, 178

Alternative distribution systems
, 66

Amanda’s business organisation
, 109

AmaXhosa
, 156

Angel investment
, 148–150

Angolan political party
, 153

Anti-Islamic law
, 79

‘Apprenticeship and Settlement’ strategy
, 159–160

‘Apprenticeship and Tutelage’ strategy
, 157

Aristotelian tradition
, 213

Arusha Declaration
, 132

‘Aso ebi’ in Yoruba culture
, 20

Authentic African leadership
, 131–133

Authentic leadership theory
, 120

Babongo people
, 106

Backcloth making industry
, 99, 108

Baganda people
, 107

Bagyeli people
, 106

Baka people
, 106

Bakola Bagama people
, 106

Bambi people
, 106

Bantu language group
, 210

Baroa people
, 106

Basarwa people
, 106

Behaviour
, 200

consumer
, 10–12

See also African buyer’s purchase behaviour

Behavioural pattern
, 15

Beneficence
, 208

Beneficiary
, 148, 154, 160, 163

Benin Republic
, 125

Berlin Conference
, 123

Bookkeeping
, 73

Bootstrap
, 76

finance
, 88

Bororo people
, 106, 109

Botswana
, 156

Bottom of pyramid (BOP)
, 174

Bounded rationality
, 225

Bridewealth
, 155

Bureaucratic inefficiency
, 235, 236, 243–244

Burundi
, 80, 125–126

Bushmen
, 106

Business
, 173

community
, 168

entrepreneurial mindset and thinking
, 176–177

environment
, 168, 170, 171

ethics
, 206

managers
, 173

model of strategic management practices
, 174

organisation
, 101

practitioners
, 161, 163

schools
, 262, 272

stakeholder management
, 177–178

strategic planning, with built-in flexibility
, 173–175

talent development
, 178–179

visionary leadership
, 175–176

Business-to-business approach
, 34

Capital structure management
, 73

Capital-budgeting techniques
, 89

evaluation techniques
, 87

Central Africa

crises of leadership
, 127–128

indigenous financial practices in
, 83–84

indigenous people
, 106–107

logistics challenges in
, 57–60

Central Bank of Kenya
, 174

Central Corridor
, 61

Chandarana
, 189

Change management
, 175

Character of African ethics
, 209–214

Chief executive officers (CEOs)
, 223

Co-existence
, 200

Coca-Cola transport system
, 64

Collective decision-making
, 233–235, 237, 242

Colonial Africa
, 123–124

Colonialism
, 123, 131

Colonisation
, 254

“Colonized African management”
, 76

Commemorating occasions
, 19–20

Common External Tariff (CET)
, 59

Communalism
, 132, 185, 256–257, 273

Communication
, 55

Community
, 209–214

community-character on African management practice
, 216–217

participation approach
, 112

Comoros
, 80

Comparative analysis
, 4

Competitive advantage
, 170

Competitive forces
, 169

Complexity theory of leadership
, 120

Computer Warehouse Group (CWG)
, 173

Concomitant decisions
, 73

“The Conscience of Africa
, 132

Consensus-based systems. See Decentralised systems

Constructivism
, 259–260

Consumer behaviour
, 10–12

Core competencies
, 176

Corporate governance
, 193

Corruption
, 172

Cote D’Ivoire
, 35

Cowry house
, 87

Credit
, 153

collection
, 87

credit-based selling
, 39–40

Cross-vergence ideology
, 255

Crowdfunding
, 76, 79, 81, 90

Cultural/culture
, 21–22, 56, 187, 227

basis for logistics practices
, 55–57

factors
, 11

influence on African buyers’ purchase behaviour
, 19–22

knowledge
, 227

orientation
, 260

principles in African selling practices
, 40–42

values
, 22, 43, 100, 255

Curriculum design
, 256–258

Dahomey. See Benin Republic

Dangote Cement
, 175

expansion drive
, 177

Dare
, 122

Data interpretation
, 232–233

Decentralised systems
, 199

Decision-making Ecology (DME)
, 224

Decision-making practices
, 221, 271

advice for managers and educators
, 239–241

collective decision-making
, 233–235, 237, 242

data interpretation
, 232–233

East African perspective
, 238–239

factors influencing
, 225–227

Ghanaian perspective
, 235–236

indigenous management practices
, 224–225

interviews with executives of organisations
, 228–232

Kenyan perspective
, 239

methodology
, 227–228

Nigerian perspective
, 234–235

North African perspective
, 238

OB
, 223–224

Republic of South Africa
, 238

Southern African Perspective
, 236–238

West Africa
, 233–234

Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo)
, 126

Dinka

ethnic nation
, 155–156

financing strategy
, 155–156

Diokpa
, 123

Discounted cash flow
, 87

Divinations
, 200

Djanggi. See Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCA)

Djibouti
, 80

Douala port
, 58

DroneAfrica project
, 84

Earning per Share (EPS)
, 176

East Africa

decision-making practices
, 238–239

indigenous financial practices in
, 80–83

indigenous people
, 106–107

logistic challenges in
, 60

Eastmatt
, 189

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
, 59

Economic reform programme
, 125

Economic transactions
, 12

Educators
, 98, 99, 101, 108, 163, 168

advice for
, 26–27, 42–43

Egbas
, 157

Egypt, leadership crisis in
, 128

Ekitis
, 157

Elders’ advice
, 238–239

EMB model
, 11

Entrepreneurs/entrepreneurial
, 148, 173

financing in Africa
, 148

mindset and thinking in less conventional ways
, 176–177

Environmental influences
, 11

Equatorial coup d’état attempt (2004)
, 126

Equatorial Guinea, leadership crisis in
, 126–127

Equity Bank
, 178

agency banking model
, 174, 175

business model
, 176

Eritrea
, 80

Essentialism
, 259

Ethical principles and practices
, 207

building ethical culture
, 215–216

community-character on African management practice
, 216–217

management ethics in Africa
, 209–214

multicultural nature of African management
, 208–209

questionable payments and corruption in Africa
, 214–215

Ethics
, 206

business
, 206

character of African ethics
, 209–214

in management
, 207, 209–214

Plato’s ethics
, 206

Ethiopia
, 80

Ethnic diversity
, 131

Ethnic groups
, 152

Ethno-finance
, 71, 72, 75, 89–91

European manipulation
, 201

European powers
, 124

European Union
, 214

Existentialism
, 259

Experimentalism
, 259

External financial support
, 148

Fadeth Furnishers
, 172

Fairness
, 208

Faith
, 238, 243

‘Families’ of firm
, 192

Family businesses (FBs)
, 188–191

continuity plans
, 193–194

Family enterprises
, 190, 197

FB-specific journals
, 188

Financial

advice
, 73

management practices
, 72, 73–74

planning and control
, 73

reporting and analysis
, 73

services
, 176–177

structure management
, 73

First Sudanese Civil War
, 128

Fixed asset management practices
, 73

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
, 72

Forward logistics
, 51

Fulani
, 109

Functionalism
, 256

Funj Sultanate
, 122–123

General Assessment and Decision-making Model (GADM Model)
, 224

Generative Curriculum Model (GCM)
, 257

Ghana
, 35

Ghanaian perspective, decision-making practices
, 235–236

Gikuyu
, 154

Global Agricultural Information Network Report (GAIN Report)
, 40

Globalisation
, 72, 186

Governance
, 172, 193–194, 236

Government
, 163

policies
, 243–244

policymakers
, 43

Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 149

Growth, Employment and Redistribution programme (GEAR programme)
, 133

GSM technology
, 66

GT Bank
, 215–216

Haggling
, 36–39

HassConsult
, 192

Herbert Macaulay’s political party (Nigeria)
, 124

Hiring
, 195

Hofstede’s theory of cross-cultural difference
, 4

Holisticism
, 256

Horn of Africa, Indigenous people
, 107–109

Household purchases
, 18

Human actions
, 206, 215

Human resource (HR)
, 194–195

management
, 100, 104, 112–113

Hxaro
, 89

‘I-Thou’ dualistic framework
, 207–208

IBM
, 64

Ibo culture
, 210

Ideal logistics network
, 50

Idealism
, 258

Igbo

angel investment and venture capital financing strategy
, 159–160

entrepreneurial ability
, 159

ethnic nation
, 158–160

Ijebus
, 157

Ijeshas
, 157

Imazighn
, 109

Imbizo
, 122

Imu Ahia
, 159

Inbound logistics
, 49

Inclusive business model
, 176, 180, 181

Independent People of Biafra (IPOB)
, 130

Indigenous African cultures
, 5

Indigenous African educational system
, 257

Indigenous African entrepreneurial financing
, 148

Indigenous African financing strategies
, 148, 153

advice for managers and educators
, 161–163

comparisons between indigenous and conventional financing strategies
, 160–163

conceptual model for
, 160, 161

countries for study and ethnic groups
, 152

Dinka ethnic nation
, 155–156

financing options of new business ventures
, 149–150

Igbo ethnic nation
, 158–160

Kikuyu ethnic nation
, 154–155

methodology
, 150–153

Ovimbundu ethnic nation
, 153–154

selected countries from Africa’s regions
, 151

Xhosa ethnic nation
, 156

Yoruba ethnic nation
, 157–158

Indigenous African management principles
, 216

Indigenous family business management practices
, 186, 191

advice to educators and practitioners
, 200–202

FBs
, 188–191

governance
, 193–194

HR
, 194–195

origin of indigenous management practices
, 197–200

strategic processes
, 192–193

succession planning
, 195–197

Indigenous financial management practices
, 72, 74–77

advice for managers
, 90

advice for managers
, 90–91

Central Africa
, 83–84

concept and practices
, 73–74

Eastern Africa
, 80–83

examples and anecdotal evidence of practices
, 77

Northern Africa
, 77–80

Southern Africa
, 88–90

stakeholders
, 91–92

Western Africa
, 84–88

See also Strategic management practices

Indigenous human resource management practices
, 98, 104

advice for managers and educators
, 110–112

background description
, 100–103

Central African Region
, 106–107

East Africa and Horn of Africa
, 107–109

human resource management framework
, 112–113

indigenous people
, 104–105

methodology
, 103–104

Southern Africa
, 105–106

West and North Africa
, 109–110

Indigenous knowledge
, 1, 74, 98, 100, 103

Indigenous leadership practices
, 120

African leadership identity
, 130–131

authentic African leadership
, 131–133

Colonial and Post-colonial Africa
, 123–124

crises of leadership in Africa
, 124–127

influence of culture
, 131

militarisation of African Political Space
, 133–134

perspectives
, 120–121

traditional African leadership
, 121–123

Indigenous logistics and SCM practice
, 48

advantage of emerging trade corridors
, 65

African Development Report
, 48–49

coordination and building partnership
, 64–65

current opportunities in African logistic

East Africa, logistics challenges in
, 61

engage local citizens and seek to be citizen
, 65

historical and cultural basis for logistics practices
, 55–57

integrate security plan to reducing risk to logistic goods, services and personnel
, 65

logistics challenges and opportunities
, 57

logistics management
, 49–50

logistics performance measures
, 51–52

new port
, 61

providing logistics infrastructures
, 65

rails
, 62

recommendations for logistics and SCM processes
, 64

regulatory environment
, 52–55

SCM
, 50–51

South Africa, logistics challenges in
, 60

specific logistics management practices
, 62–64

think of good service and reliability before cost
, 64

transnational passageways
, 61–62

use technology and think outside box
, 66

West and Central Africa, logistics challenges in
, 57–60

Indigenous management practices
, 1–3, 100, 224–225, 271

business schools
, 272

decision-making in North Africa
, 271

implications of findings and recommendations
, 274

philosophy and practice
, 255–256

summary of insights
, 275–279

unknown and surprising
, 273

Indigenous people
, 104–105

Indigenous selling practices
, 32

advice for managers, educators and policymakers
, 42–43

credit-based selling
, 39–40

cultural principles in African selling practices
, 40–41

haggling
, 36–39

interplay of
, 42

street selling
, 33–36

See also Strategic management practices

Informal community-based financial institutions
, 76

Informal institutional environment
, 160

Information
, 60

availability
, 226

Inland Container Depots (ICDs)
, 61

Innovative strategies
, 66

Institutional factors
, 236

Institutional frameworks
, 226

Integrated multiple modes of transportation
, 60

Integrity
, 242–243

issues
, 172

Intellectual competence of workforce
, 111

Intermodal transportation system
, 60

Internal rate of return (IRR)
, 87

International Fund for Africa Development (IFAD)
, 178

International Labour Organization
, 35

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
, 65

Interviews with executives of organisations in Africa
, 228–232

Intuitive decision-making
, 225

Investment destination of firms
, 1

isiXhosa
, 156

Kenya
, 35, 80

crises of leadership in Africa
, 129

decision-making practices
, 239

formal retail sector
, 189

Kenya Ministry of Agriculture
, 178

Kick Against Indiscipline agency (KAI agency)
, 34

Kikuyu

ethnic nation
, 154–155

financing strategy
, 154–155

Kola nut. See Oji

Kupfuma Inshungu Programme (KIP)
, 81

Kwa
, 158

Labour-intensive operations, preference for
, 63–64

Lada
, 85

Lagos–Mombasa Highway
, 62

Language differences
, 238–239

Leadership
, 120

Leadership crisis in Africa
, 124

Benin Republic
, 125

Burundi
, 125–126

Central African Republic
, 127–128

DR Congo
, 126

Egypt
, 128

Equatorial Guinea
, 126–127

Kenya
, 129

Nigeria
, 129–130

South Africa
, 129

Sudan
, 128

in twenty-first century
, 127–130

Uganda
, 129

Learning
, 257

Legislative bureaucracy
, 172

Lesotho
, 156

Lobola
, 89, 156

Logistic Performance Index (LPI)
, 52, 53–54

Logistics challenges

agents
, 62–63

in East Africa
, 60

network design
, 50–51

and opportunities in Africa
, 57

performance measures
, 51–52

in South Africa
, 60

system
, 56

in West and Central Africa
, 57–60

Logistics management practices
, 49–51, 62

logistics agents
, 62–63

outsourcing
, 63

preference for labour-intensive operations
, 63–64

Love and feelings
, 190

Luo culture
, 190, 195, 197

Madagascar
, 80

Malawi
, 80

Management
, 1, 197–198, 250

ethics in Africa
, 209–214

literature
, 198

philosophy
, 250

philosophy in Africa
, 254–255

studies
, 10

theory and practice
, 250

Management curricula redesigning for Africa
, 249, 260

advice for managers and educators
, 265–266

African Management Model
, 261–263

curriculum design
, 256–258

indigenous management philosophy and practice
, 255–256

management philosophy
, 254–255

philosophical orientation of curriculum design and thoughts
, 258–260

Traditional African Society review
, 252–254

Managers
, 161, 163

advice for
, 26–27, 42–43

Mandi Foods
, 40–41

Market challenges in Africa
, 173

Massey Street Children’s Hospital
, 216

Mau Mau
, 154

Mauritius
, 80

Mayotte
, 80

Mbundu Kingdom
, 153

McDonaldization of Society
, 14

Microcosm of Africa
, 122

Militancy
, 59–60

Militarisation of African Political Space
, 133–134

Military coup d’états in Africa
, 139–145

Military rule
, 134

Modern financial management
, 75

Modern financial management practices
, 77

Moral responsibility
, 206

Moral uprightness
, 236

Mozambique
, 80

Mudaraba
, 79

Multicultural nature of African management
, 208–209

Multiculturalism
, 209

Multinationals business organisations
, 101

Mumbi
, 154

Municipality of Addis Ababa
, 108

Murabaha
, 79

Musharaka
, 79

Myer’s management model
, 2

Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE)
, 81

Naivas
, 189

Nakumatt
, 189, 192, 193

National Council of Nigeria and Cameroons (NCNC)
, 124, 132

National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC). See National Council of Nigeria and Cameroons (NCNC)

National Super Alliance (NASA)
, 129

National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)
, 153

Ndebele political culture
, 122

Ndjamena-Djibouti Highway
, 62

Negotiation process
, 36

Net present value (NPV)
, 87

New City Charter of Addis Ababa
, 108

Nigeria

decision-making practices
, 234–235

leadership crisis
, 129–130

traditional African leadership
, 123

Nilotics
, 155

Nok Culture
, 255

Non-African buyers’ purchase behaviours
, 25–26

Non-maleficence
, 208

North Africa, indigenous people in
, 109–110

Northern Africa

decision-making practices
, 238

indigenous financial practices in
, 77–80

Northern People’s Congress (NPC)
, 132

Nri
, 158

Nsukka–Okigwe–Afikpo triangle
, 158

Nzimbu
, 84

Obi of Onitsha
, 123, 131–132

Ogoni
, 109

Oji
, 123

Ondos
, 157

Onitsha society
, 123

Onjuluka
, 153

Online shopping in Egypt
, 16

Open-air markets (OAMs)
, 14

Operative effectiveness
, 168

Order processing
, 49

Organisational behaviour (OB)
, 223–224

Organisational effectiveness
, 226

Outbound logistics
, 49

Outsourcing
, 63

Ovimbundu ethnic nation
, 153–154

Ovimbundu’s financing strategy
, 153–154

Ozo title holders
, 123, 132

Pan-Africanism
, 133

Participation
, 262

Partnership, coordination and building
, 64

Path to purchase of African buyers
, 22–25

Paucity of information
, 243

Pecking order
, 88

Pecking Order Hypothesis (POH)
, 88

Pedagogical principles
, 262

Pedagogy
, 257–258

Perennialism
, 256, 259

Performance model
, 192

Personal selling technique
, 32

Personalisation
, 262

Peul
, 109

Philosophical orientation of curriculum design and thoughts
, 258

constructivism
, 259–260

essentialism
, 259

existentialism
, 259

experimentalism
, 259

idealism
, 258

perennialism
, 259

pragmatism
, 258–259

realism
, 258

reconstructionism
, 259

Plato’s ethics
, 206

Policy

pillars of trade and transport systems
, 55

uncertainties
, 55

Policymakers, advice for
, 26–27, 42–43

Political instability
, 172

Positivism philosophy
, 103

Post-colonial Africa
, 123–124

Post-colonial context
, 75

Practitioners
, 168

Pragmatism
, 258–259

Pre-colonial African market
, 74

Pre-colonial indigenous financial

management practice
, 84

practices
, 77

Price bargaining
, 12, 15

Private poverty
, 195

PrOACT Model
, 224

Professional competence
, 213

Profit-sharing
, 78

Purchase patterns
, 3, 10

Pygmies
, 106, 107

Questionable payments and corruption in Africa
, 214–215

Rails
, 62

Rational decision-making model
, 225

Realism
, 258

Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)
, 133

Reconstructionism
, 259

Red cap chiefs
, 123, 132

Regional Economic Communities (RECs)
, 55

Regulatory environment in Africa
, 52–55

Religion
, 243

Religiosity
, 20

Republic of South Africa
, 238

Reunion, Rwanda
, 80

Reverse logistics
, 49, 51

Revitalisation of African ideology
, 100

Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCA)
, 84

Rural financial market (RFM)
, 88

Sacrifices
, 200

Salesperson functions
, 32

San and Khoekhoe
, 105

Second-hand clothes
, 26

Secondary sources
, 104

Self-perpetuating international relations
, 201

Selling
, 31

credit-based
, 39–40

practices
, 32, 35

street
, 33–36

Settlement
, 159

Seychelles
, 80

‘Shebeen’
, 89

Shona political structure
, 122

Short message service (SMS)
, 64

Situational or contingent theory
, 120

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)
, 76

Social

factors
, 12

forces
, 22

initiations
, 19–20

Societal

factors
, 238

influence
, 238–239

norms
, 131, 242–243

unrest
, 236

Socio-cultural influences in Africa
, 10–12

Socio-political inconsistency
, 238

Somalia
, 80

South Africa
, 35, 57

crises of leadership in Africa
, 129

decision-making practices
, 236–238

indigenous financial practices in
, 88–90

indigenous people
, 105–106

logistic challenges in
, 60

South African Ubuntu ideology
, 224

South Sotho culture
, 212

SouthWest Airlines
, 213

Stakeholder management
, 177–178

‘Stokvels’
, 89

Strategic leadership
, 175

Strategic management practices
, 168

business in Africa
, 173–179

challenges
, 171–172

organisation performance
, 168–171

trends in indigenous strategic management practices
, 172–173

Strategy formulation
, 169

Street selling
, 33–36

Sub Saharan Africa (SSA)
, 75

Sub-regions of Africa
, 98

Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy (SSATP)
, 55, 61

Sub-Saharan African nations (SSA nations)
, 49

Succession planning
, 195–197

Sudan
, 122–123

leadership crisis
, 128

Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In-Opposition (SPLM-IO)
, 128

Supermarkets
, 26

Supply chain management (SCM)
, 48, 50–51

Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy (CSRD)
, 127

Talent development
, 178–179

Tamirgina System
, 85

Tanzania
, 80

Teamwork
, 238–239

Teda
, 109

Third-party logistics (3PL)
, 51

Trade corridors
, 65

Trade credit
, 76

Trade finance
, 76

Trade/craft
, 160

Traditional African leadership
, 121

Nigeria
, 123

Sudan
, 122–123

Zimbabwe
, 122

Traditional African Society

leadership styles
, 199

review of
, 252–254

Traditional POH
, 88

Trait theory
, 120

Trans-Sahara Highway
, 62

Trans-Sahelian Highway
, 62

Trans-West African Coastal Highway
, 62

Transactional & transformational leadership
, 120

Transnational passageways
, 61–62

Transport Coordination Committee (TCC)
, 55

Tubu
, 109

Tuskys
, 189, 192, 193

Ubuntu
, 75, 81, 131, 133, 156, 210, 255–256

model of ethical management
, 211

spirit
, 90

Ubuntu African Philosophy
, 222

Uganda
, 35, 80

leadership crisis in
, 129

Ujamaa
, 132

Umbundu culture of Ovimbundu
, 153

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
, 150

Unpacking indigenous selling practices
, 32

Values of society
, 236

Vegpro Group
, 192, 193

Venture capital financing
, 150

Venture capitalists
, 150

Virtues
, 212

Visionary leadership
, 175–176

Vodafone
, 64

Voltium, Inc.
, 214–215

Wandewa
, 80

Waqf
, 78, 81

Warehousing
, 49

Waterways
, 56

Wealth-creating performance for family-influenced firms
, 192

Weltanschauung
, 210

West Africa

decision-making practices
, 233–234

indigenous financial practices in
, 84–88

indigenous people in
, 109–110

logistics challenges in
, 57–60

transport logistics corridor
, 62

Western ideologies
, 99, 101

Western management

concepts and writings
, 198–199

models
, 2

practices
, 186

Western models of management and decision-making
, 224

Western practices
, 75

Western-influenced curricula
, 1

Wheelbarrow selling
, 35

Wonga Coup. See Equatorial coup d’état attempt (2004)

Working capital management
, 73

Xhosa
, 156

ethnic nation
, 156

financing strategy
, 156

Yoruba

angel investment and venture capital financing strategy
, 157–158

culture
, 212

ethnic nation
, 157–158

Zambia
, 80

Zimbabwe
, 35, 80

KIP in
, 81

management ideologies
, 251

and Robert Mugabe
, 134

Traditional African leadership
, 122