High Offset Flapping Pin Rotor Analysis: The Dynamics of a Rotor with High Flapping Pin Offset and Coupling between Flapping and Feathering

Abstract

The theory of rotor dynamics given in Ref. 1 is extended to include the effects of coupling between feathering and flapping (δ3 angle) and flapping hinge offset. Both introduce considerable modification to the classic equations, and instead of simple explicit equations for flapping amplitudes, coning angle, collective pitch and inflow angles, five simultaneous equations have now to be solved. Data sheets have been constructed which enable this to be done quickly and accurately for any design of linearly tapered and twisted blade. It is suggested that the intelligent use of such data sheets is of great assistance in a design office, not only because of the very considerable time savings achieved, but also because they eliminate the most fruitful sources of error in numerical calculation. It is shown that a high offset rotor enables much higher speeds to be achieved with a conventional helicopter—an effect which has already been fairly well publicized. A penalty is paid for this in the form of hub pitching moments which have to be balanced out externally; either by the use of two rotors, offset C.G., aerodynamic surfaces, or inclination of the mechanical axis. These effects will be considered in detail in a further article. Finally, equations are developed for a convenient method of calculating blade elemental angle of attack which is claimed to be superior to classic methods for design office purposes.

Citation

Payne, P.R. (1954), "High Offset Flapping Pin Rotor Analysis: The Dynamics of a Rotor with High Flapping Pin Offset and Coupling between Flapping and Feathering", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 26 No. 11, pp. 378-382. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb032490