Industrial Lubrication and TribologyTable of Contents for Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. List of articles from the current issue, including Just Accepted (EarlyCite)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0036-8792/vol/76/iss/2?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIndustrial Lubrication and TribologyEmerald Publishing LimitedIndustrial Lubrication and TribologyIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/journal/92127097469eaff29f9fbe5c57ccef43/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:ilt.cover.jpghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0036-8792/vol/76/iss/2?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestInteractive spatiotemporal LSTM approach for enhanced industrial fault diagnosishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-04-2023-0086/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRotating machinery is a crucial component of large equipment, and detecting faults in it accurately is critical for reliable operation. Although fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have been significantly developed, the existing methods model spatial and temporal features separately and then weigh them, resulting in the decoupling of spatiotemporal features. The authors propose a spatiotemporal long short-term memory (ST-LSTM) method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The authors collected vibration signals from real rolling bearing and gearing test rigs for verification. Through these two experiments, the authors demonstrate that machine learning methods still have advantages on small-scale data sets, but our proposed method exhibits a significant advantage due to the simultaneous modeling of the time domain and space domain. These results indicate the potential of the interactive spatiotemporal modeling method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The authors propose a ST-LSTM method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The authors collected vibration signals from real rolling bearing and gearing test rigs for verification.Interactive spatiotemporal LSTM approach for enhanced industrial fault diagnosis
Tan Zhang, Zhanying Huang, Ming Lu, Jiawei Gu, Yanxue Wang
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.149-159

Rotating machinery is a crucial component of large equipment, and detecting faults in it accurately is critical for reliable operation. Although fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have been significantly developed, the existing methods model spatial and temporal features separately and then weigh them, resulting in the decoupling of spatiotemporal features.

The authors propose a spatiotemporal long short-term memory (ST-LSTM) method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The authors collected vibration signals from real rolling bearing and gearing test rigs for verification.

Through these two experiments, the authors demonstrate that machine learning methods still have advantages on small-scale data sets, but our proposed method exhibits a significant advantage due to the simultaneous modeling of the time domain and space domain. These results indicate the potential of the interactive spatiotemporal modeling method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.

The authors propose a ST-LSTM method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The authors collected vibration signals from real rolling bearing and gearing test rigs for verification.

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Interactive spatiotemporal LSTM approach for enhanced industrial fault diagnosis10.1108/ILT-04-2023-0086Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-31© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedTan ZhangZhanying HuangMing LuJiawei GuYanxue WangIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-3110.1108/ILT-04-2023-0086https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-04-2023-0086/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Test and analysis of friction torque of double-row angular contact ball bearing under vacuum environmenthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0259/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to test and analyze the friction torque of double-row angular contact ball bearings under vacuum or ordinary pressure environment, horizontal or upright installation mode, and different rotational speeds, and to provide theoretical bases for the development of aerospace equipment. The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of vacuum or ordinary pressure environment, horizontal or upright installation mode and different rotational speeds on bearing friction torque. To explore the relationship between working conditions and bearing friction torque, firstly, based on the generation source of friction torque, the test principle was determined, a test system was developed and the reliability of data was verified. Secondly, the friction torque of bearing was tested, and the values under various working conditions were obtained. Finally, this paper compared and discussed the test results. The test results show that the friction torque value of vacuum environment horizontal installation condition is the largest at different rotational speeds, and the rotational speed has the most significant influence on the friction torque. The friction torque test system of double-row angular contact ball bearing under vacuum environment was designed and built. The influence rules of vacuum or ordinary pressure environment, horizontal or upright installation mode and different rotational speeds on bearing friction torque were obtained. The peer review history for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0259Test and analysis of friction torque of double-row angular contact ball bearing under vacuum environment
Biqing Ye, Kebiao Zhang, Qiang Zuo, Li Zhang, Xiaohang Shan
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.160-166

The purpose of this paper is to test and analyze the friction torque of double-row angular contact ball bearings under vacuum or ordinary pressure environment, horizontal or upright installation mode, and different rotational speeds, and to provide theoretical bases for the development of aerospace equipment.

The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of vacuum or ordinary pressure environment, horizontal or upright installation mode and different rotational speeds on bearing friction torque. To explore the relationship between working conditions and bearing friction torque, firstly, based on the generation source of friction torque, the test principle was determined, a test system was developed and the reliability of data was verified. Secondly, the friction torque of bearing was tested, and the values under various working conditions were obtained. Finally, this paper compared and discussed the test results.

The test results show that the friction torque value of vacuum environment horizontal installation condition is the largest at different rotational speeds, and the rotational speed has the most significant influence on the friction torque.

The friction torque test system of double-row angular contact ball bearing under vacuum environment was designed and built. The influence rules of vacuum or ordinary pressure environment, horizontal or upright installation mode and different rotational speeds on bearing friction torque were obtained.

The peer review history for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0259

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Test and analysis of friction torque of double-row angular contact ball bearing under vacuum environment10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0259Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedBiqing YeKebiao ZhangQiang ZuoLi ZhangXiaohang ShanIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-1010.1108/ILT-08-2023-0259https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0259/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Study on the prediction of high-speed rotary lip seal wear in aero-engine based on heat-fluid-solid couplinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0320/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to investigate the effect of frictional heat on the wear of high-speed rotary lip seals in engines. In this research paper, the authors focus on the high-speed rotating lip seal of aircraft engines. Using the hybrid lubrication theory, a thermal-fluid-solid coupled numerical simulation model is established to investigate the influence of parameters such as contact pressure distribution, temperature rise and leakage rate on the sealing performance under different operating conditions. By incorporating the Rhee wear theory and combining simulation results with experimental data, a method for predicting the wear of the rotating seal lip profile is proposed. Experimental validation is conducted using a high-speed rotating test rig. The results indicate that as the speed increases, the rise in frictional heat leads to a decrease in the sealing performance of the lip seal contact region. The experimental results show a similar trend to the numerical simulation results, and considering the effect of frictional heat, the predicted wear of the lip seal profile aligns more closely with the actual wear curve. This highlights the importance of considering the influence of frictional heat in the analysis of rotating seal mechanisms. This study provides a reference for the prediction of wear profiles of engine high-speed rotary lip seals.Study on the prediction of high-speed rotary lip seal wear in aero-engine based on heat-fluid-solid coupling
Jian Wei, YuXi Xue, Jing Tian, Fei Guo
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.167-177

This paper aims to investigate the effect of frictional heat on the wear of high-speed rotary lip seals in engines.

In this research paper, the authors focus on the high-speed rotating lip seal of aircraft engines. Using the hybrid lubrication theory, a thermal-fluid-solid coupled numerical simulation model is established to investigate the influence of parameters such as contact pressure distribution, temperature rise and leakage rate on the sealing performance under different operating conditions. By incorporating the Rhee wear theory and combining simulation results with experimental data, a method for predicting the wear of the rotating seal lip profile is proposed. Experimental validation is conducted using a high-speed rotating test rig.

The results indicate that as the speed increases, the rise in frictional heat leads to a decrease in the sealing performance of the lip seal contact region. The experimental results show a similar trend to the numerical simulation results, and considering the effect of frictional heat, the predicted wear of the lip seal profile aligns more closely with the actual wear curve. This highlights the importance of considering the influence of frictional heat in the analysis of rotating seal mechanisms.

This study provides a reference for the prediction of wear profiles of engine high-speed rotary lip seals.

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Study on the prediction of high-speed rotary lip seal wear in aero-engine based on heat-fluid-solid coupling10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0320Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedJian WeiYuXi XueJing TianFei GuoIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-1010.1108/ILT-10-2023-0320https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0320/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of ball–material ratio on Cu-Bi mixed powder and self-lubricating material propertieshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0312/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to investigate the effects of ball–material ratio on the properties of mixed powders and Cu-Bi self-lubricating alloy materials. Cu-Bi mixed powder was ball milled at different ball–material ratios, and the preparation of Cu-Bi alloy materials was achieved through powder metallurgy technology. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were conducted to study the microstructure and phase composition of the mixed powder. The apparent density and flow characteristics of mixed powders were investigated using a Hall flowmeter. Tests on the crushing strength, impact toughness and tribological properties of self-lubricating alloy materials were conducted using a universal electronic testing machine, 300 J pendulum impact testing machine and M200 ring-block tribometer, respectively. With the increase in ball–material ratio, the spherical copper matrix particles in the mixed powder became lamellar, the mechanical properties of the material gradually reduced, the friction coefficient of the material first decreased and then stabilized and the wear rate decreased initially and then increased. The increase in the ball–material ratio resulted in the fine network distribution of the Bi phase in the copper alloy matrix, which benefitted its enrichment on the worn surface for the formation a lubricating film and improvement of the material’s tribological performance. However, a large ball–material ratio can excessively weaken the mechanical properties of the material and reduce its wear resistance. The effects of ball–material ratio on Cu-Bi mixed powder and material properties were clarified. This work provides a reference for the mechanical alloying process and its engineering applications.Effect of ball–material ratio on Cu-Bi mixed powder and self-lubricating material properties
Cong Liu, Yanguo Yin, Rongrong Li
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.178-185

This study aims to investigate the effects of ball–material ratio on the properties of mixed powders and Cu-Bi self-lubricating alloy materials.

Cu-Bi mixed powder was ball milled at different ball–material ratios, and the preparation of Cu-Bi alloy materials was achieved through powder metallurgy technology. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were conducted to study the microstructure and phase composition of the mixed powder. The apparent density and flow characteristics of mixed powders were investigated using a Hall flowmeter. Tests on the crushing strength, impact toughness and tribological properties of self-lubricating alloy materials were conducted using a universal electronic testing machine, 300 J pendulum impact testing machine and M200 ring-block tribometer, respectively.

With the increase in ball–material ratio, the spherical copper matrix particles in the mixed powder became lamellar, the mechanical properties of the material gradually reduced, the friction coefficient of the material first decreased and then stabilized and the wear rate decreased initially and then increased. The increase in the ball–material ratio resulted in the fine network distribution of the Bi phase in the copper alloy matrix, which benefitted its enrichment on the worn surface for the formation a lubricating film and improvement of the material’s tribological performance. However, a large ball–material ratio can excessively weaken the mechanical properties of the material and reduce its wear resistance.

The effects of ball–material ratio on Cu-Bi mixed powder and material properties were clarified. This work provides a reference for the mechanical alloying process and its engineering applications.

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Effect of ball–material ratio on Cu-Bi mixed powder and self-lubricating material properties10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0312Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-22© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedCong LiuYanguo YinRongrong LiIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-2210.1108/ILT-09-2023-0312https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0312/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of process parameters on the growth and wear resistance of CrAlN coating on silicon nitride surfacehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0344/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPreparing CrAlN coatings on the surface of silicon nitride bearings can improve their service life in oil-free lubrication. This paper aims to match the optimal process parameters for preparing CrAlN coatings on silicon nitride surfaces, and reveal the microscopic mechanism of process parameter influence on coating wear resistance. This study used molecular dynamics to analyze how process parameters affected the nucleation density, micromorphology, densification and internal stress of CrAlN coatings. An orthogonal test method was used to examine how deposition time, substrate temperature, nitrogen-argon flow rate and sputtering power impacted the wear resistance of CrAlN coatings under dry friction conditions. Nucleation density, micromorphology, densification and internal stress have a significant influence on the surface morphology and wear resistance of CrAlN coatings. The process parameters for better wear resistance of the CrAlN coatings were at a deposition time of 120 min, a substrate temperature of 573 K, a nitrogen-argon flow rate of 1:1 and a sputtering power of 160 W. Simulation analysis and experimental results of this paper can provide data to assist in setting process parameters for applying CrAlN coatings to silicon nitride bearings.Effect of process parameters on the growth and wear resistance of CrAlN coating on silicon nitride surface
He Lu, Yuhou Wu, Zijin Liu, He Wang, Guangyu Yan, Xu Bai, Jiancheng Guo, Tongxiang Zheng
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.186-195

Preparing CrAlN coatings on the surface of silicon nitride bearings can improve their service life in oil-free lubrication. This paper aims to match the optimal process parameters for preparing CrAlN coatings on silicon nitride surfaces, and reveal the microscopic mechanism of process parameter influence on coating wear resistance.

This study used molecular dynamics to analyze how process parameters affected the nucleation density, micromorphology, densification and internal stress of CrAlN coatings. An orthogonal test method was used to examine how deposition time, substrate temperature, nitrogen-argon flow rate and sputtering power impacted the wear resistance of CrAlN coatings under dry friction conditions.

Nucleation density, micromorphology, densification and internal stress have a significant influence on the surface morphology and wear resistance of CrAlN coatings. The process parameters for better wear resistance of the CrAlN coatings were at a deposition time of 120 min, a substrate temperature of 573 K, a nitrogen-argon flow rate of 1:1 and a sputtering power of 160 W.

Simulation analysis and experimental results of this paper can provide data to assist in setting process parameters for applying CrAlN coatings to silicon nitride bearings.

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Effect of process parameters on the growth and wear resistance of CrAlN coating on silicon nitride surface10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0344Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-29© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedHe LuYuhou WuZijin LiuHe WangGuangyu YanXu BaiJiancheng GuoTongxiang ZhengIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-2910.1108/ILT-10-2023-0344https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0344/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Study of machining performance for electrochemical grinding of difficult-to-cut alloy U71Mnhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0341/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to apply an electrochemical grinding (ECG) technology to improve the material removal rate (MRR) under the premise of certain surface roughness in machining U71Mn alloy. The effects of machining parameters (electrolyte type, grinding wheel granularity, applied voltage, grinding wheel speed and machining time) on the MRR and surface roughness are investigated with experiments. The experiment results show that an electroplated diamond grinding wheel of 46# and 15 Wt.% NaNO3 + 10 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte is more suitable to be applied in U71Mn ECG. And the MRR and surface roughness are affected by machining parameters such as applied voltage, grinding wheel speed and machining time. In addition, the maximum MRR of 0.194 g/min is obtained with the 15 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte, 17 V applied voltage, 1,500 rpm grinding wheel speed and 60 s machining time. The minimum surface roughness of Ra 0.312 µm is obtained by the 15 Wt.% NaNO3 + 10 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte, 13 V applied voltage, 2,000 rpm grinding wheel speed and 60 s machining time. Under the electrolyte scouring effect, the products and the heat generated in the machining can be better discharged. ECG has the potential to improve MRR and reduce surface roughness in machining U71Mn. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0341/Study of machining performance for electrochemical grinding of difficult-to-cut alloy U71Mn
Zhaozhi Li, Changfu Zhang, Hairong Zhang, Haihui Liu, Zhao Zhu, Liucheng Wang
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.196-205

This study aims to apply an electrochemical grinding (ECG) technology to improve the material removal rate (MRR) under the premise of certain surface roughness in machining U71Mn alloy.

The effects of machining parameters (electrolyte type, grinding wheel granularity, applied voltage, grinding wheel speed and machining time) on the MRR and surface roughness are investigated with experiments.

The experiment results show that an electroplated diamond grinding wheel of 46# and 15 Wt.% NaNO3 + 10 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte is more suitable to be applied in U71Mn ECG. And the MRR and surface roughness are affected by machining parameters such as applied voltage, grinding wheel speed and machining time. In addition, the maximum MRR of 0.194 g/min is obtained with the 15 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte, 17 V applied voltage, 1,500 rpm grinding wheel speed and 60 s machining time. The minimum surface roughness of Ra 0.312 µm is obtained by the 15 Wt.% NaNO3 + 10 Wt.% NaCl electrolyte, 13 V applied voltage, 2,000 rpm grinding wheel speed and 60 s machining time.

Under the electrolyte scouring effect, the products and the heat generated in the machining can be better discharged. ECG has the potential to improve MRR and reduce surface roughness in machining U71Mn.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0341/

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Study of machining performance for electrochemical grinding of difficult-to-cut alloy U71Mn10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0341Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-10© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedZhaozhi LiChangfu ZhangHairong ZhangHaihui LiuZhao ZhuLiucheng WangIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-1010.1108/ILT-10-2023-0341https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0341/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Experimental analysis of vibration and noise characteristics of helical gears with nano-lubricant additiveshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0220/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of nanoadditive lubricants on the vibration and noise characteristics of helical gears compared with conventional lubricants. The experiment aims to analyze whether nanoadditive lubricants can effectively reduce gear vibration and noise under different speeds and loads. It also analyzes the sensitivity of the vibration reduction to load and speed changes. In addition, it compares the axial and radial vibration reduction effects. The goal is to explore the application of nanolubricants for vibration damping and noise reduction in gear transmissions. The results provide a basis for further research on nanolubricant effects under high-speed conditions. Helical gears of 20CrMnTi were lubricated with conventional oil and nanoadditive oils. An open helical gearbox with spray lubrication was tested under different speeds (200–500 rpm) and loads (20–100 N·m). Gear noise was measured by a sound level meter. Axial and radial vibrations were detected using an M+P VibRunner system and fast Fourier transform analysis. Vibration spectrums under conventional and nanolubrication were compared. Gear tooth surfaces were observed after testing. The experiment aimed to analyze the noise and vibration reduction effects of nanoadditive lubricants on helical gears and the sensitivity to load and speed. The key findings are that nanoadditive lubricants significantly reduce the axial and radial vibrations of helical gears under low-speed conditions compared with conventional lubricants, with a more pronounced effect on axial vibrations. The vibration reduction is more sensitive to rotational speed than load. At the same load and speed, nanolubrication reduces noise by 2%–5% versus conventional lubrication. Nanoparticles change the friction from sliding to rolling and compensate for meshing errors, leading to smoother vibrations. The nanolubricants alter the gear tooth surfaces and optimize the microtopography. The results provide a basis for exploring nanolubricant effects under high speeds. The originality and value of this work is the experimental analysis of the effects of nanoadditive lubricants on the vibration and noise characteristics of hard tooth surface helical gears, which has rarely been studied before. The comparative results under different speeds and loads provide new insights into the vibration damping capabilities of nanolubricants in gear transmissions. The findings reveal the higher sensitivity to rotational speed versus load and the differences in axial and radial vibration reduction. The exploration of nanolubricant effects on gear tribological performance and surface interactions provides a valuable reference for further research, especially under higher speed conditions closer to real applications. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0220/Experimental analysis of vibration and noise characteristics of helical gears with nano-lubricant additives
Kai Xu, Ying Xiao, Xudong Cheng
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.206-213

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of nanoadditive lubricants on the vibration and noise characteristics of helical gears compared with conventional lubricants. The experiment aims to analyze whether nanoadditive lubricants can effectively reduce gear vibration and noise under different speeds and loads. It also analyzes the sensitivity of the vibration reduction to load and speed changes. In addition, it compares the axial and radial vibration reduction effects. The goal is to explore the application of nanolubricants for vibration damping and noise reduction in gear transmissions. The results provide a basis for further research on nanolubricant effects under high-speed conditions.

Helical gears of 20CrMnTi were lubricated with conventional oil and nanoadditive oils. An open helical gearbox with spray lubrication was tested under different speeds (200–500 rpm) and loads (20–100 N·m). Gear noise was measured by a sound level meter. Axial and radial vibrations were detected using an M+P VibRunner system and fast Fourier transform analysis. Vibration spectrums under conventional and nanolubrication were compared. Gear tooth surfaces were observed after testing. The experiment aimed to analyze the noise and vibration reduction effects of nanoadditive lubricants on helical gears and the sensitivity to load and speed.

The key findings are that nanoadditive lubricants significantly reduce the axial and radial vibrations of helical gears under low-speed conditions compared with conventional lubricants, with a more pronounced effect on axial vibrations. The vibration reduction is more sensitive to rotational speed than load. At the same load and speed, nanolubrication reduces noise by 2%–5% versus conventional lubrication. Nanoparticles change the friction from sliding to rolling and compensate for meshing errors, leading to smoother vibrations. The nanolubricants alter the gear tooth surfaces and optimize the microtopography. The results provide a basis for exploring nanolubricant effects under high speeds.

The originality and value of this work is the experimental analysis of the effects of nanoadditive lubricants on the vibration and noise characteristics of hard tooth surface helical gears, which has rarely been studied before. The comparative results under different speeds and loads provide new insights into the vibration damping capabilities of nanolubricants in gear transmissions. The findings reveal the higher sensitivity to rotational speed versus load and the differences in axial and radial vibration reduction. The exploration of nanolubricant effects on gear tribological performance and surface interactions provides a valuable reference for further research, especially under higher speed conditions closer to real applications.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0220/

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Experimental analysis of vibration and noise characteristics of helical gears with nano-lubricant additives10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0220Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedKai XuYing XiaoXudong ChengIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-1210.1108/ILT-07-2023-0220https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0220/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Fractal contact resistance model of wind pitch slip ring considering wear and self-excited vibrationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0300/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the dynamic contact characteristics of the slip ring. Dynamic contact resistance models considering wear and self-excited were established based on fractal theory. The effects of tangential velocity, stiffness and damping coefficient on dynamic contact resistance are studied. The relationships between fractal parameters, wear time and contact parameters are revealed. The results show that the total contact area decreases with the friction coefficient and fractal roughness under the same load. Self-excited vibration occurs at a low speed (less than 0.6 m/s). It transforms from stick-slip motion at 0.4 m/s to pure sliding at 0.5 m/s. A high stiffness makes contact resistance fluctuate violently, while increasing the damping coefficient can suppress the self-excited vibration and reduce the dynamic contact resistance. The fractal contact resistance model considering wear is established based on the fractal parameters models. The validity of the model is verified by the wear tests. The results have a great significance to study the electrical contact behavior of conductive slip ring. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0300/Fractal contact resistance model of wind pitch slip ring considering wear and self-excited vibration
Minglang Zhang, Xue Zuo, Yuankai Zhou
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.214-230

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the dynamic contact characteristics of the slip ring. Dynamic contact resistance models considering wear and self-excited were established based on fractal theory.

The effects of tangential velocity, stiffness and damping coefficient on dynamic contact resistance are studied. The relationships between fractal parameters, wear time and contact parameters are revealed.

The results show that the total contact area decreases with the friction coefficient and fractal roughness under the same load. Self-excited vibration occurs at a low speed (less than 0.6 m/s). It transforms from stick-slip motion at 0.4 m/s to pure sliding at 0.5 m/s. A high stiffness makes contact resistance fluctuate violently, while increasing the damping coefficient can suppress the self-excited vibration and reduce the dynamic contact resistance. The fractal contact resistance model considering wear is established based on the fractal parameters models. The validity of the model is verified by the wear tests.

The results have a great significance to study the electrical contact behavior of conductive slip ring.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0300/

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Fractal contact resistance model of wind pitch slip ring considering wear and self-excited vibration10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0300Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-18© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMinglang ZhangXue ZuoYuankai ZhouIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-1810.1108/ILT-09-2023-0300https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0300/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of nano-AlN, AlO on friction and wear properties of copper-steel clad plate immersed in the lubricantshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0255/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to investigate the preparation of AlN and Al2O3, as well as the effect of nano-AlN and nano-Al2O3, on friction and wear properties of copper-steel clad plate immersed in the lubricants. Nano-AlN or nano-Al2O3 (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 Wt.%) functional fluids were prepared. Their tribological properties were tested by an MRS-10A four-ball friction tester and a ball-on-plate configuration, and scanning electron microscope observed the worn surface of the plate. An increase in nano-AlN and Al2O3 content enhances the extreme pressure and anti-wear performance of the lubricant. The best performance is achieved at 0.5 Wt.% of nano-AlN and 0.3 Wt.% of nano-Al2O3 with PB of 834 N and 883 N, a coefficient of friction (COF) of approximately 0.07 and 0.06, respectively. Furthermore, the inclusion of nano-AlN and nano-Al2O3 particles in the lubricant enhances its extreme pressure performance and reduces wear, leading to decreased wear spot depth. The lubricating effect of the nano-Al2O3 lubricant on the surface of the copper-steel composite plate is slightly superior to that of the nano-AlN lubricant, with a COF reaching 0.07. Both lubricants effectively fill and lubricate the holes on the surface of the copper-steel composite plate. AlN and Al2O3 as water-based lubricants have excellent lubrication performance and can reduce the COF. It can provide some reference for the practical application of nano-water-based lubricants. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0255/Effect of nano-AlN, AlO on friction and wear properties of copper-steel clad plate immersed in the lubricants
Xiaoxuan Lin, Xiong Sang, Yuyan Zhu, Yichen Zhang
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.231-240

This paper aims to investigate the preparation of AlN and Al2O3, as well as the effect of nano-AlN and nano-Al2O3, on friction and wear properties of copper-steel clad plate immersed in the lubricants.

Nano-AlN or nano-Al2O3 (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 Wt.%) functional fluids were prepared. Their tribological properties were tested by an MRS-10A four-ball friction tester and a ball-on-plate configuration, and scanning electron microscope observed the worn surface of the plate.

An increase in nano-AlN and Al2O3 content enhances the extreme pressure and anti-wear performance of the lubricant. The best performance is achieved at 0.5 Wt.% of nano-AlN and 0.3 Wt.% of nano-Al2O3 with PB of 834 N and 883 N, a coefficient of friction (COF) of approximately 0.07 and 0.06, respectively. Furthermore, the inclusion of nano-AlN and nano-Al2O3 particles in the lubricant enhances its extreme pressure performance and reduces wear, leading to decreased wear spot depth. The lubricating effect of the nano-Al2O3 lubricant on the surface of the copper-steel composite plate is slightly superior to that of the nano-AlN lubricant, with a COF reaching 0.07. Both lubricants effectively fill and lubricate the holes on the surface of the copper-steel composite plate.

AlN and Al2O3 as water-based lubricants have excellent lubrication performance and can reduce the COF. It can provide some reference for the practical application of nano-water-based lubricants.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0255/

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Effect of nano-AlN, AlO on friction and wear properties of copper-steel clad plate immersed in the lubricants10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0255Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-25© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedXiaoxuan LinXiong SangYuyan ZhuYichen ZhangIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-2510.1108/ILT-08-2023-0255https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0255/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effects and optimization of bionic texture parameters on the tribological behavior of line contacts under starved lubrication conditionshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0333/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestGears are prone to instantaneous failure when operating under extreme conditions, affecting the machinery’s service life. With numerous types of gear meshing and complex operating conditions, this study focuses on the gear–rack mechanism. This study aims to analyze the effects and optimization of biomimetic texture parameters on the line contact tribological behavior of gear–rack mechanisms under starvation lubrication conditions. Inspired by the microstructure of shark skin surface, a diamond-shaped biomimetic texture was designed to improve the tribological performance of gear–rack mechanism under starved lubrication conditions. The line contact meshing process of gear–rack mechanisms under lubrication-deficient conditions was simulated by using a block-on-ring test. Using the response surface method, this paper analyzed the effects of bionic texture parameters (width, depth and spacing) on the tribological performance (friction coefficient and wear amount) of tested samples under line contact and starved lubrication conditions. The experimental results show an optimal proportional relationship between the texture parameters, which made the tribological performance of the tested samples the best. The texture parameters were optimized by using the main objective function method, and the preferred combination of parameters was a width of 69 µm, depth of 24 µm and spacing of 1,162 µm. The research results have practical guiding significance for designing line contact motion pairs surface texture and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing line contact motion pairs tribological performance under extreme working conditions.Effects and optimization of bionic texture parameters on the tribological behavior of line contacts under starved lubrication conditions
Longchang Zhang, Qi Chen, Yanguo Yin, Hui Song, Jun Tang
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.241-251

Gears are prone to instantaneous failure when operating under extreme conditions, affecting the machinery’s service life. With numerous types of gear meshing and complex operating conditions, this study focuses on the gear–rack mechanism. This study aims to analyze the effects and optimization of biomimetic texture parameters on the line contact tribological behavior of gear–rack mechanisms under starvation lubrication conditions.

Inspired by the microstructure of shark skin surface, a diamond-shaped biomimetic texture was designed to improve the tribological performance of gear–rack mechanism under starved lubrication conditions. The line contact meshing process of gear–rack mechanisms under lubrication-deficient conditions was simulated by using a block-on-ring test. Using the response surface method, this paper analyzed the effects of bionic texture parameters (width, depth and spacing) on the tribological performance (friction coefficient and wear amount) of tested samples under line contact and starved lubrication conditions.

The experimental results show an optimal proportional relationship between the texture parameters, which made the tribological performance of the tested samples the best. The texture parameters were optimized by using the main objective function method, and the preferred combination of parameters was a width of 69 µm, depth of 24 µm and spacing of 1,162 µm.

The research results have practical guiding significance for designing line contact motion pairs surface texture and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing line contact motion pairs tribological performance under extreme working conditions.

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Effects and optimization of bionic texture parameters on the tribological behavior of line contacts under starved lubrication conditions10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0333Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-16© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedLongchang ZhangQi ChenYanguo YinHui SongJun TangIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-1610.1108/ILT-10-2023-0333https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0333/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Numerical simulation study of high-speed lip seal considering eccentricityhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0350/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to focus on the high-speed rotary lip seal in aircraft engines, combining its service parameters, its own structure and application conditions, to study the influence of different eccentric forms, eccentricity, rotational speed and other factors on the performance of the rotary lip seal. A numerical simulation model for high-speed eccentric rotary lip seals has been developed based on the theory of elastic hydrodynamic lubrication. This model comprehensively considers the coupling of multiple physical fields, including interface hydrodynamics, macroscopic solid mechanics and surface microscopic contact mechanics, under the operating conditions of rotary lip seals. The model takes into account eccentricity and uses the hazardous cross-sectional method to quantitatively predict sealing performance parameters, such as leakage rate and friction force. Eccentricity has a large impact on lip seal performance; lips are more susceptible to wear failure under static eccentricity and to leakage failure under dynamic eccentricity. This study provides a new idea for the design of rotary lip seal considering eccentricity, which is of guiding significance for the engineering application of rotary lip seal.Numerical simulation study of high-speed lip seal considering eccentricity
Guibin Tan, Jinfu Li, Cheng Zhou, Ziwei Luo, Xing Huang, Fei Guo
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.252-261

This paper aims to focus on the high-speed rotary lip seal in aircraft engines, combining its service parameters, its own structure and application conditions, to study the influence of different eccentric forms, eccentricity, rotational speed and other factors on the performance of the rotary lip seal.

A numerical simulation model for high-speed eccentric rotary lip seals has been developed based on the theory of elastic hydrodynamic lubrication. This model comprehensively considers the coupling of multiple physical fields, including interface hydrodynamics, macroscopic solid mechanics and surface microscopic contact mechanics, under the operating conditions of rotary lip seals. The model takes into account eccentricity and uses the hazardous cross-sectional method to quantitatively predict sealing performance parameters, such as leakage rate and friction force.

Eccentricity has a large impact on lip seal performance; lips are more susceptible to wear failure under static eccentricity and to leakage failure under dynamic eccentricity.

This study provides a new idea for the design of rotary lip seal considering eccentricity, which is of guiding significance for the engineering application of rotary lip seal.

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Numerical simulation study of high-speed lip seal considering eccentricity10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0350Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-25© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedGuibin TanJinfu LiCheng ZhouZiwei LuoXing HuangFei GuoIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-2510.1108/ILT-11-2023-0350https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0350/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Insights into modeling approaches for boundary- and mixed-lubricated conditionshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0076/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTribological research is complex and multidisciplinary, with many parameters to consider. As traditional experimentation is time-consuming and expensive due to the complexity of tribological systems, researchers tend to use quantitative and qualitative analysis to monitor critical parameters and material characterization to explain observed dependencies. In this regard, numerical modeling and simulation offers a cost-effective alternative to physical experimentation but must be validated with limited testing. This paper aims to highlight advances in numerical modeling as they relate to the field of tribology. This study performed an in-depth literature review for the field of modeling and simulation as it relates to tribology. The authors initially looked at the application of foundational studies (e.g. Stribeck) to understand the gaps in the current knowledge set. The authors then evaluated a number of modern developments related to contact mechanics, surface roughness, tribofilm formation and fluid-film layers. In particular, it looked at key fields driving tribology models including nanoparticle research and prosthetics. The study then sought out to understand the future trends in this research field. The field of tribology, numerical modeling has shown to be a powerful tool, which is both time- and cost-effective when compared to standard bench testing. The characterization of tribological systems of interest fundamentally stems from the lubrication regimes designated in the Stribeck curve. The prediction of tribofilm formation, film thickness variation, fluid properties, asperity contact and surface deformation as well as the continuously changing interactions between such parameters is an essential challenge for proper modeling. This paper highlights the major numerical modeling achievements in various disciplines and discusses their efficacy, assumptions and limitations in tribology research. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0076/Insights into modeling approaches for boundary- and mixed-lubricated conditions
Rajesh Shah, Blerim Gashi, Vikram Mittal, Andreas Rosenkranz, Shuoran Du
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.262-275

Tribological research is complex and multidisciplinary, with many parameters to consider. As traditional experimentation is time-consuming and expensive due to the complexity of tribological systems, researchers tend to use quantitative and qualitative analysis to monitor critical parameters and material characterization to explain observed dependencies. In this regard, numerical modeling and simulation offers a cost-effective alternative to physical experimentation but must be validated with limited testing. This paper aims to highlight advances in numerical modeling as they relate to the field of tribology.

This study performed an in-depth literature review for the field of modeling and simulation as it relates to tribology. The authors initially looked at the application of foundational studies (e.g. Stribeck) to understand the gaps in the current knowledge set. The authors then evaluated a number of modern developments related to contact mechanics, surface roughness, tribofilm formation and fluid-film layers. In particular, it looked at key fields driving tribology models including nanoparticle research and prosthetics. The study then sought out to understand the future trends in this research field.

The field of tribology, numerical modeling has shown to be a powerful tool, which is both time- and cost-effective when compared to standard bench testing. The characterization of tribological systems of interest fundamentally stems from the lubrication regimes designated in the Stribeck curve. The prediction of tribofilm formation, film thickness variation, fluid properties, asperity contact and surface deformation as well as the continuously changing interactions between such parameters is an essential challenge for proper modeling.

This paper highlights the major numerical modeling achievements in various disciplines and discusses their efficacy, assumptions and limitations in tribology research.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0076/

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Insights into modeling approaches for boundary- and mixed-lubricated conditions10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0076Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-02-07© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedRajesh ShahBlerim GashiVikram MittalAndreas RosenkranzShuoran DuIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-02-0710.1108/ILT-03-2023-0076https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0076/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Study on structure optimization and performance improvement of Y-shaped water seal of rock drillhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0366/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe rock drill’s drill tail experiences high-frequency fretting simultaneously in the rotational and axial directions. Due to the complex working characteristics and the low viscosity of the water medium, the pure water seal is susceptible to damage and failure. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the water seal’s performance. The Y-shaped seal ring is modeled and simulated using orthogonal testing. Through analysis of the impact of various seal section parameters on sealing performance, the maximum contact stress and maximum Von Mises stress are selected as indicators of sealing effectiveness. The maximum contact stress is proportional to lip thickness and chamfer length but inversely proportional to lip length. Meanwhile, the maximum Von Mises stress is directly influenced by lip depth and the included angle of the lip and drill tail but is inversely proportional to the lip thickness. The enhanced Y-shaped water seal sees reductions of 15% and 45% in maximum contact stress and maximum Von Mises stress, respectively. This paper used analytical method and model that is helpful for design of the water seal’s structure in complex working characteristics and the low viscosity of the water medium. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0366/Study on structure optimization and performance improvement of Y-shaped water seal of rock drill
Chun Qiang Jia, Aofei Wang, Ling Yu, Li Zong
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.276-284

The rock drill’s drill tail experiences high-frequency fretting simultaneously in the rotational and axial directions. Due to the complex working characteristics and the low viscosity of the water medium, the pure water seal is susceptible to damage and failure. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the water seal’s performance.

The Y-shaped seal ring is modeled and simulated using orthogonal testing. Through analysis of the impact of various seal section parameters on sealing performance, the maximum contact stress and maximum Von Mises stress are selected as indicators of sealing effectiveness.

The maximum contact stress is proportional to lip thickness and chamfer length but inversely proportional to lip length. Meanwhile, the maximum Von Mises stress is directly influenced by lip depth and the included angle of the lip and drill tail but is inversely proportional to the lip thickness. The enhanced Y-shaped water seal sees reductions of 15% and 45% in maximum contact stress and maximum Von Mises stress, respectively.

This paper used analytical method and model that is helpful for design of the water seal’s structure in complex working characteristics and the low viscosity of the water medium.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0366/

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Study on structure optimization and performance improvement of Y-shaped water seal of rock drill10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0366Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-25© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedChun Qiang JiaAofei WangLing YuLi ZongIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-2510.1108/ILT-11-2023-0366https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0366/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Parametric optimization to establish eco-friendly nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) practice for turning superalloy Inconel 718https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0317/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper, an experimental study, is to investigate the optimal machining parameters for turning of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 under eco-friendly nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) environment to minimize cutting tool flank wear (Vb) and machined surface roughness (Ra). The central composite rotatable design approach under response surface methodology (RSM) is adopted to prepare a design of experiments plan for conducting turning experiments. The optimum value of input turning parameters: cutting speed (A), feed rate (B) and depth of cut (C) is found as 79.88 m/min, 0.1 mm/rev and 0.2 mm, respectively, with optimal output response parameters: Vb = 138.633 µm and Ra = 0.462 µm at the desirability level of 0.766. Feed rate: B and cutting speed: A2 are the leading model variables affecting Vb, with a percentage contribution rate of 12.06% and 43.69%, respectively, while cutting speed: A and feed rate: B are the significant factors for Ra, having a percentage contribution of 38.25% and 18.03%, respectively. Results of validation experiments confirm that the error between RSM predicted and experimental observed values for Vb and Ra is 3.28% and 3.75%, respectively, which is less than 5%, thus validating that the formed RSM models have a high degree of conformity with the obtained experimental results. The outcomes of this research can be used as a reference machining database for various metal cutting industries to establish eco-friendly NMQL practices during the turning of superalloy Inconel 718 to enhance cutting tool performance and machined surface integrity. No study has been communicated till now on the turning of Inconel 718 under NMQL conditions using olive oil blended with multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based nanofluid. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0317/Parametric optimization to establish eco-friendly nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) practice for turning superalloy Inconel 718
Talwinder Singh
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.285-298

The purpose of this paper, an experimental study, is to investigate the optimal machining parameters for turning of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 under eco-friendly nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) environment to minimize cutting tool flank wear (Vb) and machined surface roughness (Ra).

The central composite rotatable design approach under response surface methodology (RSM) is adopted to prepare a design of experiments plan for conducting turning experiments.

The optimum value of input turning parameters: cutting speed (A), feed rate (B) and depth of cut (C) is found as 79.88 m/min, 0.1 mm/rev and 0.2 mm, respectively, with optimal output response parameters: Vb = 138.633 µm and Ra = 0.462 µm at the desirability level of 0.766. Feed rate: B and cutting speed: A2 are the leading model variables affecting Vb, with a percentage contribution rate of 12.06% and 43.69%, respectively, while cutting speed: A and feed rate: B are the significant factors for Ra, having a percentage contribution of 38.25% and 18.03%, respectively. Results of validation experiments confirm that the error between RSM predicted and experimental observed values for Vb and Ra is 3.28% and 3.75%, respectively, which is less than 5%, thus validating that the formed RSM models have a high degree of conformity with the obtained experimental results.

The outcomes of this research can be used as a reference machining database for various metal cutting industries to establish eco-friendly NMQL practices during the turning of superalloy Inconel 718 to enhance cutting tool performance and machined surface integrity.

No study has been communicated till now on the turning of Inconel 718 under NMQL conditions using olive oil blended with multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based nanofluid.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0317/

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Parametric optimization to establish eco-friendly nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) practice for turning superalloy Inconel 71810.1108/ILT-10-2023-0317Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-01-25© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedTalwinder SinghIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-01-2510.1108/ILT-10-2023-0317https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0317/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Vibration behavior of a 3D-printed hybrid polymer bearing with outer race defecthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-06-2023-0183/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIn industry applications, polymer hybrid bearings have become widespread in recent years owing to the lack of lubricant requirements, particularly in areas requiring hygiene. The additive manufacturing method gives significant advantages to have complex machinery parts, and it has become popular in the industry in recent years. However, it has some inherent disadvantages caused by layered deposition/addition of the materials, and the probability of the localized defect is much higher than in the conventional manufacturing methods. This study aims to investigate the effect of the outer race defect on the characteristics of vibration and service lifetime of hybrid polymer ball bearings produced with the stereolithography (SLA) additive manufacturing method. In this study, polymer bearings’ races were produced with the additive manufacturing SLA method, and the outer race defect was analyzed with measured vibrations. The results show that the additive manufacturing method suggests a practical solution for producing a polymer hybrid ball bearing. On the other hand, the hybrid three-dimensional-printed bearing, which has an outer race defect, worked for approximately 8 h without any problems under a 1 kg load and a shaft speed of around 1,000 rpm. In addition, when there is a defect in the outer and/or inner race of the ball bearing, the crest factor and kurtosis of the vibration are higher than faultless ball bearing, as expected. This paper provides valuable information on the lifetime and vibration characteristics of polymer hybrid ball bearing produced by means of additive manufacturing. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-06-2023-0183/Vibration behavior of a 3D-printed hybrid polymer bearing with outer race defect
Burcu Küçükoğlu Doğan, Abdurrahim Dal, Görkem Ağören, Tuncay Karaçay
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp.299-306

In industry applications, polymer hybrid bearings have become widespread in recent years owing to the lack of lubricant requirements, particularly in areas requiring hygiene. The additive manufacturing method gives significant advantages to have complex machinery parts, and it has become popular in the industry in recent years. However, it has some inherent disadvantages caused by layered deposition/addition of the materials, and the probability of the localized defect is much higher than in the conventional manufacturing methods. This study aims to investigate the effect of the outer race defect on the characteristics of vibration and service lifetime of hybrid polymer ball bearings produced with the stereolithography (SLA) additive manufacturing method.

In this study, polymer bearings’ races were produced with the additive manufacturing SLA method, and the outer race defect was analyzed with measured vibrations.

The results show that the additive manufacturing method suggests a practical solution for producing a polymer hybrid ball bearing. On the other hand, the hybrid three-dimensional-printed bearing, which has an outer race defect, worked for approximately 8 h without any problems under a 1 kg load and a shaft speed of around 1,000 rpm. In addition, when there is a defect in the outer and/or inner race of the ball bearing, the crest factor and kurtosis of the vibration are higher than faultless ball bearing, as expected.

This paper provides valuable information on the lifetime and vibration characteristics of polymer hybrid ball bearing produced by means of additive manufacturing.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-06-2023-0183/

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Vibration behavior of a 3D-printed hybrid polymer bearing with outer race defect10.1108/ILT-06-2023-0183Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-02-07© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedBurcu Küçükoğlu DoğanAbdurrahim DalGörkem AğörenTuncay KaraçayIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology7622024-02-0710.1108/ILT-06-2023-0183https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-06-2023-0183/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of line parameters on wheel wear of heavy–haul freight vehiclehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-02-2024-0038/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe serious wear problem of heavy-haul freight vehicle wheels affects the safety and economy of vehicle operation. This paper aims to study wheel wear evolution law and the influence of line parameters on wheel wear of heavy-haul freight, and provide the basis for operation and line maintenance. The wheel wear test data of heavy-haul freight vehicles were analyzed. Then a heavy-haul freight vehicle dynamic model was established. The line parameters influencing wheel wear in heavy-haul freight vehicles were also analyzed by the Jendel wear model, and the effects of rail cant, rail gauge, rail profile and line ramp on wheel wear were analyzed. A rail cant of 1:40 results in less wheel wear; an increase in the rail gauge can reduce wheel wear; and when matched with the CHN60 rail, the wear depth is relatively small. A decrease of 9.21% in wheel wear depth when matched with the CHN60 rail profile. The ramp of the heavy-haul line is necessary to consider for calculating wheel wear. When the ramp is considered, the wear depth increases by 8.47%. The larger the ramp, the greater the braking force and therefore, the greater of the wheel wear. This paper first summarizes the wear characteristics of wheels in heavy-haul freight vehicles and then systematically analyzes the effect of line parameters on wheel wear. In particular, this study researched the effects of rail cant, rail gauge, rail profile and line ramp on wheel wear. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-02-2024-0038/Effect of line parameters on wheel wear of heavy–haul freight vehicle
Hongkun Wang, Yongxiang Zhao, Yayun Qi, Yufeng Cao
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The serious wear problem of heavy-haul freight vehicle wheels affects the safety and economy of vehicle operation. This paper aims to study wheel wear evolution law and the influence of line parameters on wheel wear of heavy-haul freight, and provide the basis for operation and line maintenance.

The wheel wear test data of heavy-haul freight vehicles were analyzed. Then a heavy-haul freight vehicle dynamic model was established. The line parameters influencing wheel wear in heavy-haul freight vehicles were also analyzed by the Jendel wear model, and the effects of rail cant, rail gauge, rail profile and line ramp on wheel wear were analyzed.

A rail cant of 1:40 results in less wheel wear; an increase in the rail gauge can reduce wheel wear; and when matched with the CHN60 rail, the wear depth is relatively small. A decrease of 9.21% in wheel wear depth when matched with the CHN60 rail profile. The ramp of the heavy-haul line is necessary to consider for calculating wheel wear. When the ramp is considered, the wear depth increases by 8.47%. The larger the ramp, the greater the braking force and therefore, the greater of the wheel wear.

This paper first summarizes the wear characteristics of wheels in heavy-haul freight vehicles and then systematically analyzes the effect of line parameters on wheel wear. In particular, this study researched the effects of rail cant, rail gauge, rail profile and line ramp on wheel wear.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-02-2024-0038/

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Effect of line parameters on wheel wear of heavy–haul freight vehicle10.1108/ILT-02-2024-0038Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-22© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedHongkun WangYongxiang ZhaoYayun QiYufeng CaoIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2210.1108/ILT-02-2024-0038https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-02-2024-0038/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
A material perspective on advanced magnesium-ion batteries for electric vehicleshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0081/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims at analyzing the potential of new materials in magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) with a particular focus on options for electrodes and electrolyte solutions while also carefully considering the barriers to their entry in this application for MIBs, with a particular focus on the material options for electrodes and electrolyte solutions. Potential materials for MIBs were examined for sustainability, safety and efficiency to develop the sustainable and well-working MIBs. For anode materials, the use of Mg-bismuth alloys has shown promise, whereas Chevrel phases or layered molybdenum disulfide have potential as cathode materials. Potential electrolytes range from traditional materials to the development of tailored solid-state and liquid-based options. This study considers the growing need for Mg-based ion batteries, as well as the need for suitable electrode and electrolyte materials and analyzes suitable options. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0081/A material perspective on advanced magnesium-ion batteries for electric vehicles
Raj Shah, Nikhil Pai, Andreas Rosenkranz
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims at analyzing the potential of new materials in magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) with a particular focus on options for electrodes and electrolyte solutions while also carefully considering the barriers to their entry in this application for MIBs, with a particular focus on the material options for electrodes and electrolyte solutions.

Potential materials for MIBs were examined for sustainability, safety and efficiency to develop the sustainable and well-working MIBs.

For anode materials, the use of Mg-bismuth alloys has shown promise, whereas Chevrel phases or layered molybdenum disulfide have potential as cathode materials. Potential electrolytes range from traditional materials to the development of tailored solid-state and liquid-based options.

This study considers the growing need for Mg-based ion batteries, as well as the need for suitable electrode and electrolyte materials and analyzes suitable options.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0081/

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A material perspective on advanced magnesium-ion batteries for electric vehicles10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0081Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2023-09-29© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRaj ShahNikhil PaiAndreas RosenkranzIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-09-2910.1108/ILT-03-2023-0081https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0081/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Tribological performance of ficus carica oil modified with ethylene vinyl acetate and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonatehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0232/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestDue to the environmental issues caused by petroleum lubricants used in lubrication, the concept of creating various bio-lubricants requires research globally. Thus, this study aims to develop, characterize and test the base ficus carica oil (fig oil) for its ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) content. The sample characterization was done using the Fourier transmission infrared spectrum, whereas the morphologies of the EVA, SDBS particles and lubricated surfaces were carried out under scanning electron microscope equipment. To ensure the homogeneity of the solution (base oil and additives), the formulations were subjected to the sonication process. The anti-friction and anti-wear properties of EVA and SDBS particles as lubricant additives were investigated using a ball on a flat high-frequency reciprocating rig tribo-tester. According to the findings, the base oil’s anti-friction and anti-wear capabilities can be greatly enhanced by the additions. revealed that the best results were obtained when 1.2% EVA + 2% SDBS was applied for the examination of wear (597.8 µm) and friction coefficient (0.106). Commercial references were used, nevertheless, and the results were excellent. This is because the particles in the contact area during lubrication have strong solubility and quickly penetrate the contact zone. The lubricating mechanisms were explained by a tribological model of the EVA + SDBS and SDBS particles. The coefficient of friction and wear reduction caused by the use of the additives will certainly enhance system performance and protect the machine components from excessive wear that could cause damage or failure. The originality and uniqueness of this work are officially affirmed by the authors. The authors’ autonomous and original contribution to the development of sustainable lubrication is represented in this work. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study has been published or made publicly available that duplicates the precise scope and goals of our research, and this conclusion is based on a thorough literature assessment.Tribological performance of ficus carica oil modified with ethylene vinyl acetate and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate
Audu Ibrahim Ali, Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid, Mohd Azman Bin Abas, Mohd Farid Muhamad Said, Anthony Chukwunonso Opia, Izhari Izmi Bin Mazali, Zul Hilmi Bin Che Daud
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Due to the environmental issues caused by petroleum lubricants used in lubrication, the concept of creating various bio-lubricants requires research globally. Thus, this study aims to develop, characterize and test the base ficus carica oil (fig oil) for its ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) content.

The sample characterization was done using the Fourier transmission infrared spectrum, whereas the morphologies of the EVA, SDBS particles and lubricated surfaces were carried out under scanning electron microscope equipment. To ensure the homogeneity of the solution (base oil and additives), the formulations were subjected to the sonication process. The anti-friction and anti-wear properties of EVA and SDBS particles as lubricant additives were investigated using a ball on a flat high-frequency reciprocating rig tribo-tester.

According to the findings, the base oil’s anti-friction and anti-wear capabilities can be greatly enhanced by the additions. revealed that the best results were obtained when 1.2% EVA + 2% SDBS was applied for the examination of wear (597.8 µm) and friction coefficient (0.106). Commercial references were used, nevertheless, and the results were excellent. This is because the particles in the contact area during lubrication have strong solubility and quickly penetrate the contact zone. The lubricating mechanisms were explained by a tribological model of the EVA + SDBS and SDBS particles.

The coefficient of friction and wear reduction caused by the use of the additives will certainly enhance system performance and protect the machine components from excessive wear that could cause damage or failure.

The originality and uniqueness of this work are officially affirmed by the authors. The authors’ autonomous and original contribution to the development of sustainable lubrication is represented in this work. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study has been published or made publicly available that duplicates the precise scope and goals of our research, and this conclusion is based on a thorough literature assessment.

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Tribological performance of ficus carica oil modified with ethylene vinyl acetate and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0232Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-15© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedAudu Ibrahim AliMohd Kameil Abdul HamidMohd Azman Bin AbasMohd Farid Muhamad SaidAnthony Chukwunonso OpiaIzhari Izmi Bin MazaliZul Hilmi Bin Che DaudIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1510.1108/ILT-07-2023-0232https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0232/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effect of pocket orientation on four pocket hybrid journal bearing operating with piezo-viscous polar lubricanthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0241/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe present paper aims to analyse the synergistic effect of pocket orientation and piezo-viscous-polar (PVP) lubrication on the performance of multi-recessed hybrid journal bearing (MHJB) system. To simulate the behaviour of PVP lubricant in clearance space of the MHJB system, the modified form of Reynolds equation is numerically solved by using finite element method. Galerkin’s method is used to obtain the weak form of the governing equation. The system equation is solved by Gauss–Seidal iterative method to compute the unknown values of nodal oil film pressure. Subsequently, performance characteristics of bearing system are computed. The simulated results reveal that the location of pressurised lubricant inlets significantly affects the oil film pressure distribution and may cause a significant effect on the characteristics of bearing system. Further, the use of PVP lubricant may significantly enhances the performance of the bearing system, namely. The present work examines the influence of pocket orientation with respect to loading direction on the characteristics of PVP fluid lubricated MHJB system and provides vital information regarding the design of journal bearing system. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0241/Effect of pocket orientation on four pocket hybrid journal bearing operating with piezo-viscous polar lubricant
Vishal Singh, Arvind K. Rajput
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The present paper aims to analyse the synergistic effect of pocket orientation and piezo-viscous-polar (PVP) lubrication on the performance of multi-recessed hybrid journal bearing (MHJB) system.

To simulate the behaviour of PVP lubricant in clearance space of the MHJB system, the modified form of Reynolds equation is numerically solved by using finite element method. Galerkin’s method is used to obtain the weak form of the governing equation. The system equation is solved by Gauss–Seidal iterative method to compute the unknown values of nodal oil film pressure. Subsequently, performance characteristics of bearing system are computed.

The simulated results reveal that the location of pressurised lubricant inlets significantly affects the oil film pressure distribution and may cause a significant effect on the characteristics of bearing system. Further, the use of PVP lubricant may significantly enhances the performance of the bearing system, namely.

The present work examines the influence of pocket orientation with respect to loading direction on the characteristics of PVP fluid lubricated MHJB system and provides vital information regarding the design of journal bearing system.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0241/

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Effect of pocket orientation on four pocket hybrid journal bearing operating with piezo-viscous polar lubricant10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0241Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-02-01© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedVishal SinghArvind K. RajputIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0110.1108/ILT-07-2023-0241https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0241/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Effects of surface morphology on the performance of water-lubricated thrust bearingshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0247/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAs the crucial support component of the propeller power system, the reliability of the operation of submersible pumps is influenced by the lubrication performance of water-lubricated thrust bearings. When the water-lubricated thrust bearings are under start-stop or heavy load conditions, the effect of surface morphology is crucial as the mixed lubrication regime is encountered. This paper aims to develop one mixed lubrication model for the water-lubricated thrust bearings to predict the effects of surface skewness, kurtosis and roughness orientation on the loading carrying capacity and tribological behavior. This paper developed one improved mixed lubrication model specifically for the water-lubricated thrust bearing system. In this model, the hydrodynamic model was improved by using the height of the rough surface and its probability density function, combined with the average flow model. The asperity contact model was improved by using the equation for the Pearson system of frequency curves to characterize the non-Gaussian aspect of surface roughness distribution. According to the results, negative skewness, large kurtosis and lateral surface pattern can improve the tribological performance of water-lubricated thrust bearings. Optimizing the surface morphology is a reasonable design method that can improve the performance of water-lubricated thrust bearings. In this paper, one mixed lubrication model specifically for the water-lubricated thrust bearing with the effect of surface roughness into consideration was developed. Based on the developed model, the effect of surface morphology on tribological behavior can be evaluated. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0247/Effects of surface morphology on the performance of water-lubricated thrust bearings
Jun Cheng, Chunxing Gu
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

As the crucial support component of the propeller power system, the reliability of the operation of submersible pumps is influenced by the lubrication performance of water-lubricated thrust bearings. When the water-lubricated thrust bearings are under start-stop or heavy load conditions, the effect of surface morphology is crucial as the mixed lubrication regime is encountered. This paper aims to develop one mixed lubrication model for the water-lubricated thrust bearings to predict the effects of surface skewness, kurtosis and roughness orientation on the loading carrying capacity and tribological behavior.

This paper developed one improved mixed lubrication model specifically for the water-lubricated thrust bearing system. In this model, the hydrodynamic model was improved by using the height of the rough surface and its probability density function, combined with the average flow model. The asperity contact model was improved by using the equation for the Pearson system of frequency curves to characterize the non-Gaussian aspect of surface roughness distribution.

According to the results, negative skewness, large kurtosis and lateral surface pattern can improve the tribological performance of water-lubricated thrust bearings. Optimizing the surface morphology is a reasonable design method that can improve the performance of water-lubricated thrust bearings.

In this paper, one mixed lubrication model specifically for the water-lubricated thrust bearing with the effect of surface roughness into consideration was developed. Based on the developed model, the effect of surface morphology on tribological behavior can be evaluated.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0247/

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Effects of surface morphology on the performance of water-lubricated thrust bearings10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0247Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-01© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedJun ChengChunxing GuIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-0110.1108/ILT-08-2023-0247https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0247/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Laboratory evaluation of a nanostructured lubricating grease for tram runflat tireshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0256/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to develop a stable gel-type lubricant emulating commercial conditions. This encompassed rheological and tribological assessments, alongside field trials on the Medellín tram system. The gel-type lubricant with graphite and aluminum powder is synthesized. Rheological tests, viscosity measurements and linear viscoelastic regime assessments are conducted. Subsequently, tribological analyses encompassing four-ball and twin disc methods are executed. Finally, real-world testing is performed on the Medellín tram system. An achieved lubricant met the stipulated criteria, yielding innovative insights into the interaction of graphite and aluminum powder additives under varying tests. Novel findings are unveiled regarding the interaction of graphite and aluminum powder additives in tribological, rheological and real-world trials. In addition, the wear behavior of polymers is observed, along with the potential utilization of such additives in tramway systems.Laboratory evaluation of a nanostructured lubricating grease for tram runflat tires
Mauricio Pérez Giraldo, Mauricio Vasquez, Alejandro Toro, Robison Buitrago-Sierra, Juan Felipe Santa
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to develop a stable gel-type lubricant emulating commercial conditions. This encompassed rheological and tribological assessments, alongside field trials on the Medellín tram system.

The gel-type lubricant with graphite and aluminum powder is synthesized. Rheological tests, viscosity measurements and linear viscoelastic regime assessments are conducted. Subsequently, tribological analyses encompassing four-ball and twin disc methods are executed. Finally, real-world testing is performed on the Medellín tram system.

An achieved lubricant met the stipulated criteria, yielding innovative insights into the interaction of graphite and aluminum powder additives under varying tests.

Novel findings are unveiled regarding the interaction of graphite and aluminum powder additives in tribological, rheological and real-world trials. In addition, the wear behavior of polymers is observed, along with the potential utilization of such additives in tramway systems.

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Laboratory evaluation of a nanostructured lubricating grease for tram runflat tires10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0256Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-20© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMauricio Pérez GiraldoMauricio VasquezAlejandro ToroRobison Buitrago-SierraJuan Felipe SantaIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2010.1108/ILT-08-2023-0256https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0256/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Static and dynamic characteristics of large-span six-slider closed hydrostatic guideway considering pitch moment and yaw momenthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0281/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to design a closed hydrostatic guideway has the ability to resist large-side load, pitch moments and yaw moments, has good stiffness and damping characteristics, and provides certain beneficial guidance for the design of large-span closed hydrostatic guideway on the basis of providing a large vertical load bearing capacity. The Reynolds’ equation and flow continuity equation are solved simultaneously by the finite difference method, and the perturbation method and the finite disturbance method is used for calculating the dynamic characteristics. The static and dynamic characteristics, including recess pressure, flow of lubricating oil, carrying capacity, pitch moment, yaw moment, dynamic stiffness and damping, are comprehensively analyzed. The designed closed hydrostatic guideway has the ability to resist large lateral load, pitch moment and yaw moment and has good stiffness and damping characteristics, on the basis of being able to provide large vertical carrying capacity, which can meet the application requirements of heavy two-plate injection molding machine (TPIMM). This paper researches static and dynamic characteristics of a large-span six-slider closed hydrostatic guideway used in heavy TPIMM, emphatically considering pitch moment and yaw moment. Some useful guidance is given for the design of large-span closed hydrostatic guideway.Static and dynamic characteristics of large-span six-slider closed hydrostatic guideway considering pitch moment and yaw moment
Heji Zhang, Dezhao Lu, Wei Pan, Xing Rong, Yongtao Zhang
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to design a closed hydrostatic guideway has the ability to resist large-side load, pitch moments and yaw moments, has good stiffness and damping characteristics, and provides certain beneficial guidance for the design of large-span closed hydrostatic guideway on the basis of providing a large vertical load bearing capacity.

The Reynolds’ equation and flow continuity equation are solved simultaneously by the finite difference method, and the perturbation method and the finite disturbance method is used for calculating the dynamic characteristics. The static and dynamic characteristics, including recess pressure, flow of lubricating oil, carrying capacity, pitch moment, yaw moment, dynamic stiffness and damping, are comprehensively analyzed.

The designed closed hydrostatic guideway has the ability to resist large lateral load, pitch moment and yaw moment and has good stiffness and damping characteristics, on the basis of being able to provide large vertical carrying capacity, which can meet the application requirements of heavy two-plate injection molding machine (TPIMM).

This paper researches static and dynamic characteristics of a large-span six-slider closed hydrostatic guideway used in heavy TPIMM, emphatically considering pitch moment and yaw moment. Some useful guidance is given for the design of large-span closed hydrostatic guideway.

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Static and dynamic characteristics of large-span six-slider closed hydrostatic guideway considering pitch moment and yaw moment10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0281Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-20© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedHeji ZhangDezhao LuWei PanXing RongYongtao ZhangIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2010.1108/ILT-09-2023-0281https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0281/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Performance analysis of columnar convex-concave compound microtexture thrust bearinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0286/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to enhance the lubrication performance of thrust bearings. The influence of columnar convex–concave compound microtexture on bearing performance is investigated Based on the compound microtexture model of thrust bearings, considering surface roughness and turbulent effect, the variation of lubrication characteristics with the change in the compound microtexture parameters is studied. The results indicate that, compared with circular microtexture, the maximum pressure of compound microtexture of thrust bearings increases by 7.42%. Optimal bearing performance is achieved when the internal microtexture depth is 0.02 mm. Turbulent flow states and surface roughness lead to a reduction in the optimal depth. The maximum pressure and load-carrying capacity of the bearing decrease as the initial angle increases, whereas the friction coefficient increases with the increase in the initial angle. The lubrication performance is best for bearings with a circumferential parallel arrangement of microtexture. The novel composite microtexture with columnar convex-concave is proposed, and the computational model of thrust bearings is set. The influence of surface roughness and turbulent flow on the bearing performance should be considered for better conforming with engineering practice. The effect of microtexture depth, arrangement method and distribution position on the lubrication performance of the compound microtexture thrust bearing is investigated, which is of great significance for improving tribology, thrust bearings and surface microtexture theory.Performance analysis of columnar convex-concave compound microtexture thrust bearing
Lili Wang, Ying’ao Liu, Jingdong Duan, Yunlong Bao
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to enhance the lubrication performance of thrust bearings. The influence of columnar convex–concave compound microtexture on bearing performance is investigated

Based on the compound microtexture model of thrust bearings, considering surface roughness and turbulent effect, the variation of lubrication characteristics with the change in the compound microtexture parameters is studied.

The results indicate that, compared with circular microtexture, the maximum pressure of compound microtexture of thrust bearings increases by 7.42%. Optimal bearing performance is achieved when the internal microtexture depth is 0.02 mm. Turbulent flow states and surface roughness lead to a reduction in the optimal depth. The maximum pressure and load-carrying capacity of the bearing decrease as the initial angle increases, whereas the friction coefficient increases with the increase in the initial angle. The lubrication performance is best for bearings with a circumferential parallel arrangement of microtexture.

The novel composite microtexture with columnar convex-concave is proposed, and the computational model of thrust bearings is set. The influence of surface roughness and turbulent flow on the bearing performance should be considered for better conforming with engineering practice. The effect of microtexture depth, arrangement method and distribution position on the lubrication performance of the compound microtexture thrust bearing is investigated, which is of great significance for improving tribology, thrust bearings and surface microtexture theory.

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Performance analysis of columnar convex-concave compound microtexture thrust bearing10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0286Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-11© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedLili WangYing’ao LiuJingdong DuanYunlong BaoIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1110.1108/ILT-09-2023-0286https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0286/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Simulation and analysis of micro-textured rough curved surface based on fractal characterization methodhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0298/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestMicro-texture is processed on the surface to reduce the friction of the contact surface, and its application is more and more extensive. The purpose of this paper is to create a texture function model to study the influence of surface parameters on the accuracy of the simulated surface so that it can more accurately reflect the characteristics of the real micro-textured surface. The microstructure function model of rough surfaces is established based on fractal geometry and polar coordinate theory. The offset angle θ is introduced into the fractal geometry function to make the surface asperity normal perpendicular to the tangent of the surface. The 2D and 3D contour surfaces of the surface groove texture are analyzed by MATLAB simulation. The effects of fractal parameters (D and G) and texture parameter h on the curvature of the surface micro-texture model were studied. This paper more accurately characterizes the textured 3D curved surface, especially the surface curvature. The scale coefficient G significantly affects curvature, and the influence of fractal dimension D and texture parameters on curvature can be ignored. The micro-texture model of the rough surface was successfully established, and the range of fractal parameters was determined. It provides a new method for the study of surface micro-texture tribology. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0298/Simulation and analysis of micro-textured rough curved surface based on fractal characterization method
Chunxia Zhu, Xianling Meng
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Micro-texture is processed on the surface to reduce the friction of the contact surface, and its application is more and more extensive. The purpose of this paper is to create a texture function model to study the influence of surface parameters on the accuracy of the simulated surface so that it can more accurately reflect the characteristics of the real micro-textured surface.

The microstructure function model of rough surfaces is established based on fractal geometry and polar coordinate theory. The offset angle θ is introduced into the fractal geometry function to make the surface asperity normal perpendicular to the tangent of the surface. The 2D and 3D contour surfaces of the surface groove texture are analyzed by MATLAB simulation. The effects of fractal parameters (D and G) and texture parameter h on the curvature of the surface micro-texture model were studied.

This paper more accurately characterizes the textured 3D curved surface, especially the surface curvature. The scale coefficient G significantly affects curvature, and the influence of fractal dimension D and texture parameters on curvature can be ignored.

The micro-texture model of the rough surface was successfully established, and the range of fractal parameters was determined. It provides a new method for the study of surface micro-texture tribology.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0298/

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Simulation and analysis of micro-textured rough curved surface based on fractal characterization method10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0298Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-02-09© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedChunxia ZhuXianling MengIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0910.1108/ILT-09-2023-0298https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-09-2023-0298/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Study on dynamic characteristics of acceleration process of spherical hybrid sliding bearings rotor systemhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0315/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe transient loads on the spherical hybrid sliding bearings (SHSBs) rotor system during the process of accelerating to stable speed are related to time, which exhibits a complex transient response of the rotor dynamics. The current study of the shaft center trajectory of the SHSBs rotor system is based on the assumption that the rotational speed is constant, which cannot truly reflect the trajectory of the rotor during operation. The purpose of this paper truly reflects the trajectory of the rotor and further investigates the stability of the rotor system during acceleration of SHSBs. The model for accelerated rotor dynamics of SHSBs is established. The model is efficiently solved based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and then to obtain the shaft center trajectory of the rotor during acceleration. Results show that the bearing should choose larger angular acceleration in the acceleration process from startup to the working speed; rotor system is more stable. With the target rotational speed increasing, the changes in the shaft trajectory of the acceleration process are becoming more complex, resulting in more time required for the bearing stability. When considering the stability of the rotor system during acceleration, the rotor equations of motion provide a feasible solution for the simulation of bearing rotor system. The study can simulate the running stability of the shaft system from startup to the working speed in this process, which provides theoretical guidance for the stability of the rotor system of the SHSBs in the acceleration process.Study on dynamic characteristics of acceleration process of spherical hybrid sliding bearings rotor system
Weiqiang Xue, Jingfeng Shen, Yawen Fan
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The transient loads on the spherical hybrid sliding bearings (SHSBs) rotor system during the process of accelerating to stable speed are related to time, which exhibits a complex transient response of the rotor dynamics. The current study of the shaft center trajectory of the SHSBs rotor system is based on the assumption that the rotational speed is constant, which cannot truly reflect the trajectory of the rotor during operation. The purpose of this paper truly reflects the trajectory of the rotor and further investigates the stability of the rotor system during acceleration of SHSBs.

The model for accelerated rotor dynamics of SHSBs is established. The model is efficiently solved based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and then to obtain the shaft center trajectory of the rotor during acceleration.

Results show that the bearing should choose larger angular acceleration in the acceleration process from startup to the working speed; rotor system is more stable. With the target rotational speed increasing, the changes in the shaft trajectory of the acceleration process are becoming more complex, resulting in more time required for the bearing stability. When considering the stability of the rotor system during acceleration, the rotor equations of motion provide a feasible solution for the simulation of bearing rotor system.

The study can simulate the running stability of the shaft system from startup to the working speed in this process, which provides theoretical guidance for the stability of the rotor system of the SHSBs in the acceleration process.

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Study on dynamic characteristics of acceleration process of spherical hybrid sliding bearings rotor system10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0315Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-14© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedWeiqiang XueJingfeng ShenYawen FanIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1410.1108/ILT-10-2023-0315https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0315/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Prediction and comparative analysis of friction material properties using a GA-SVM optimization modelhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0328/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestWith the rapid advancement in the automotive industry, the friction coefficient (FC), wear rate (WR) and weight loss (WL) have emerged as crucial parameters to measure the performance of automotive braking systems, so the FC, WR and WL of friction material are predicted and analyzed in this work, with an aim of achieving accurate prediction of friction material properties. Genetic algorithm support vector machine (GA-SVM) model is obtained by applying GA to optimize the SVM in this work, thus establishing a prediction model for friction material properties and achieving the predictive and comparative analysis of friction material properties. The process parameters are analyzed by using response surface methodology (RSM) and GA-RSM to determine them for optimal friction performance. The results indicate that the GA-SVM prediction model has the smallest error for FC, WR and WL, showing that it owns excellent prediction accuracy. The predicted values obtained by response surface analysis are closed to those of GA-SVM model, providing further evidence of the validity and the rationality of the established prediction model. The relevant results can serve as a valuable theoretical foundation for the preparation of friction material in engineering practice.Prediction and comparative analysis of friction material properties using a GA-SVM optimization model
Jianping Zhang, Leilei Wang, Guodong Wang
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

With the rapid advancement in the automotive industry, the friction coefficient (FC), wear rate (WR) and weight loss (WL) have emerged as crucial parameters to measure the performance of automotive braking systems, so the FC, WR and WL of friction material are predicted and analyzed in this work, with an aim of achieving accurate prediction of friction material properties.

Genetic algorithm support vector machine (GA-SVM) model is obtained by applying GA to optimize the SVM in this work, thus establishing a prediction model for friction material properties and achieving the predictive and comparative analysis of friction material properties. The process parameters are analyzed by using response surface methodology (RSM) and GA-RSM to determine them for optimal friction performance.

The results indicate that the GA-SVM prediction model has the smallest error for FC, WR and WL, showing that it owns excellent prediction accuracy. The predicted values obtained by response surface analysis are closed to those of GA-SVM model, providing further evidence of the validity and the rationality of the established prediction model.

The relevant results can serve as a valuable theoretical foundation for the preparation of friction material in engineering practice.

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Prediction and comparative analysis of friction material properties using a GA-SVM optimization model10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0328Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-29© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedJianping ZhangLeilei WangGuodong WangIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2910.1108/ILT-10-2023-0328https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0328/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Friction and wear performances of 7075 aluminum alloy surface with V-shaped microtexture via numerical simulation and experimental characterizationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0351/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to design and process the optimal V-shaped microstructure for 7075 aluminum alloy and reveal its wear resistance mechanism and performance. The hydrodynamic pressure lubrication models of the nontextured, V-shaped, circular and square microtextures are established. The corresponding oil film pressure distributions are explored. The friction and wear experiments are conducted on a rotating device. The effects of the microstructure shapes and sizes on the wear mechanisms are investigated via the friction coefficients and surface morphologies. In comparison, the V-shaped microtexture has the largest oil film carrying capacity and the lowest friction coefficient. The wear mechanism of the V-shaped microtexture is dominated by abrasive and adhesive wear. The V-shaped microtexture has excellent wear resistance under a side length of 300 µm, an interval of 300 µm and a depth of 20 µm. This study is conductive to the design of wear-resistant surfaces for friction components.Friction and wear performances of 7075 aluminum alloy surface with V-shaped microtexture via numerical simulation and experimental characterizations
Cong Ding, Zhizhao Qiao, Zhongyu Piao
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to design and process the optimal V-shaped microstructure for 7075 aluminum alloy and reveal its wear resistance mechanism and performance.

The hydrodynamic pressure lubrication models of the nontextured, V-shaped, circular and square microtextures are established. The corresponding oil film pressure distributions are explored. The friction and wear experiments are conducted on a rotating device. The effects of the microstructure shapes and sizes on the wear mechanisms are investigated via the friction coefficients and surface morphologies.

In comparison, the V-shaped microtexture has the largest oil film carrying capacity and the lowest friction coefficient. The wear mechanism of the V-shaped microtexture is dominated by abrasive and adhesive wear. The V-shaped microtexture has excellent wear resistance under a side length of 300 µm, an interval of 300 µm and a depth of 20 µm.

This study is conductive to the design of wear-resistant surfaces for friction components.

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Friction and wear performances of 7075 aluminum alloy surface with V-shaped microtexture via numerical simulation and experimental characterizations10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0351Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-26© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedCong DingZhizhao QiaoZhongyu PiaoIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2610.1108/ILT-11-2023-0351https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0351/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Experimental study on adhesion recovery based on a circumferential test righttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0379/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTo authenticate the existence and principles of the adhesion recovery phenomenon under water pollution conditions, an innovative circumferential rail–wheel adhesion test rig was used. The study conducted extensive tests on the adhesion characteristics under large sliding conditions. Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of speed, axle load and slip on adhesion recovery. Based on the experimental results, the adhesion recovery transition function was re-fitted. The study reveals that the adhesion recovery phenomenon truly exists under water conditions. The adhesion coefficient shows an increasing trend with the growth of the slip ratio. Moreover, at the current speed and axle load levels, the adhesion recovery is directly proportional to the square of the slip ratio and inversely proportional to the axle load. The phenomenon of adhesion recovery and the formulated equations in this study can serve as an experimental and theoretical foundation for the design of braking and anti-skid control algorithms for trains. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0379/Experimental study on adhesion recovery based on a circumferential test rig
Jiajun Zhou, Chao Chen, Chun Tian, Gengwei Zhai, Hao Yu
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

To authenticate the existence and principles of the adhesion recovery phenomenon under water pollution conditions, an innovative circumferential rail–wheel adhesion test rig was used. The study conducted extensive tests on the adhesion characteristics under large sliding conditions.

Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of speed, axle load and slip on adhesion recovery. Based on the experimental results, the adhesion recovery transition function was re-fitted.

The study reveals that the adhesion recovery phenomenon truly exists under water conditions. The adhesion coefficient shows an increasing trend with the growth of the slip ratio. Moreover, at the current speed and axle load levels, the adhesion recovery is directly proportional to the square of the slip ratio and inversely proportional to the axle load.

The phenomenon of adhesion recovery and the formulated equations in this study can serve as an experimental and theoretical foundation for the design of braking and anti-skid control algorithms for trains.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0379/

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Experimental study on adhesion recovery based on a circumferential test rig10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0379Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-02-13© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedJiajun ZhouChao ChenChun TianGengwei ZhaiHao YuIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1310.1108/ILT-11-2023-0379https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-11-2023-0379/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Synergistic lubrication effects of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–TiC to improve tribological properties of M50 bearing steel with microporous channelshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-12-2023-0381/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to study the synergistic lubrication effects of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 to improve the tribological properties of M50 bearing steel with microporous channels. M50 matrix self-lubricating composites (MMSC) were designed and prepared by filling Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 in the microporous channels of M50 bearing steel. The tribology performance testing of as-prepared samples was executed with a multifunction tribometer. The optimum hole size and lubricant content, as well as self-lubricating mechanism of MMSC, were studied. The tribological properties of MMSC are strongly dependent on the synergistic lubrication effect of MXene–Ti3C2 and Sn–Ag–Cu. When the hole size of microchannel is 1 mm and the content of MXene–Ti3C2 in mixed lubricant is 4 wt.%, MMSC shows the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. The Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 are extruded from the microporous channels and spread to the friction interface, and a relatively complete lubricating film is formed at the friction interface. Meanwhile, the synergistic lubrication of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 can improve the stability of the lubricating film, thus the excellent tribological property of MMSC is obtained. The results help in deep understanding of the synergistic lubrication effects of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 on the tribological properties of M50 bearing steel. This work also provides a useful reference for the tribological design of mechanical components by combining surface texture with solid lubrication. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-12-2023-0381/Synergistic lubrication effects of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–TiC to improve tribological properties of M50 bearing steel with microporous channels
Yuchun Huang, Haishu Ma, Yubo Meng, Yazhou Mao
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to study the synergistic lubrication effects of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 to improve the tribological properties of M50 bearing steel with microporous channels.

M50 matrix self-lubricating composites (MMSC) were designed and prepared by filling Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 in the microporous channels of M50 bearing steel. The tribology performance testing of as-prepared samples was executed with a multifunction tribometer. The optimum hole size and lubricant content, as well as self-lubricating mechanism of MMSC, were studied.

The tribological properties of MMSC are strongly dependent on the synergistic lubrication effect of MXene–Ti3C2 and Sn–Ag–Cu. When the hole size of microchannel is 1 mm and the content of MXene–Ti3C2 in mixed lubricant is 4 wt.%, MMSC shows the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. The Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 are extruded from the microporous channels and spread to the friction interface, and a relatively complete lubricating film is formed at the friction interface. Meanwhile, the synergistic lubrication of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 can improve the stability of the lubricating film, thus the excellent tribological property of MMSC is obtained.

The results help in deep understanding of the synergistic lubrication effects of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–Ti3C2 on the tribological properties of M50 bearing steel. This work also provides a useful reference for the tribological design of mechanical components by combining surface texture with solid lubrication.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-12-2023-0381/

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Synergistic lubrication effects of Sn–Ag–Cu and MXene–TiC to improve tribological properties of M50 bearing steel with microporous channels10.1108/ILT-12-2023-0381Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-08© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedYuchun HuangHaishu MaYubo MengYazhou MaoIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-0810.1108/ILT-12-2023-0381https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-12-2023-0381/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Study on friction reduction performance of granular flow lubrication during the milling of Inconel 718 superalloyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-12-2023-0386/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to reveal the friction reduction performance and mechanism of granular flow lubrication during the milling of difficult-to-machining materials and provide a high-performance lubrication method for the precision cutting of nickel-based alloys. The milling tests for Inconel 718 superalloy under dry cutting, flood lubrication and granular flow lubrication were carried out, and the milling force and machined surface quality were used to evaluate their friction reduction effect. Furthermore, based on the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) spectrums and the topographical features of machined surface, the lubrication mechanism of different granular mediums was explored during granular flow lubrication. Compared with flood lubrication, the granular flow lubrication had a significant force reduction effect, and the maximum milling force was reduced by about 30%. At the same time, the granular flow lubrication was more conducive to reducing the tool trace size, repressing surface damage and thus achieving better surface quality. The soft particles had better friction reduction performance than the hard particles with the same particle size, and the friction reduction performance of nanoscale hard particles was superior to that of microscale hard particles. The friction reduction mechanism of MoS2 and WS2 soft particles is the mending effect and adsorption film effect, whereas that of SiO2 and Al2O3 hard particles is mainly manifested as the rolling and polishing effect. Granular flow lubrication was applied in the precision milling of Inconel 718 superalloy, and a comparative study was conducted on the friction reduction performance of soft particles (MoS2, WS2) and hard particles (SiO2, Al2O3). Based on the EDS spectrums and topographical features of machined surface, the friction reduction mechanism of soft and hard particles was explored.Study on friction reduction performance of granular flow lubrication during the milling of Inconel 718 superalloy
Lijie Ma, Xinhui Mao, Chenrui Li, Yu Zhang, Fengnan Li, Minghua Pang, Qigao Feng
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to reveal the friction reduction performance and mechanism of granular flow lubrication during the milling of difficult-to-machining materials and provide a high-performance lubrication method for the precision cutting of nickel-based alloys.

The milling tests for Inconel 718 superalloy under dry cutting, flood lubrication and granular flow lubrication were carried out, and the milling force and machined surface quality were used to evaluate their friction reduction effect. Furthermore, based on the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) spectrums and the topographical features of machined surface, the lubrication mechanism of different granular mediums was explored during granular flow lubrication.

Compared with flood lubrication, the granular flow lubrication had a significant force reduction effect, and the maximum milling force was reduced by about 30%. At the same time, the granular flow lubrication was more conducive to reducing the tool trace size, repressing surface damage and thus achieving better surface quality. The soft particles had better friction reduction performance than the hard particles with the same particle size, and the friction reduction performance of nanoscale hard particles was superior to that of microscale hard particles. The friction reduction mechanism of MoS2 and WS2 soft particles is the mending effect and adsorption film effect, whereas that of SiO2 and Al2O3 hard particles is mainly manifested as the rolling and polishing effect.

Granular flow lubrication was applied in the precision milling of Inconel 718 superalloy, and a comparative study was conducted on the friction reduction performance of soft particles (MoS2, WS2) and hard particles (SiO2, Al2O3). Based on the EDS spectrums and topographical features of machined surface, the friction reduction mechanism of soft and hard particles was explored.

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Study on friction reduction performance of granular flow lubrication during the milling of Inconel 718 superalloy10.1108/ILT-12-2023-0386Industrial Lubrication and Tribology2024-03-08© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedLijie MaXinhui MaoChenrui LiYu ZhangFengnan LiMinghua PangQigao FengIndustrial Lubrication and Tribologyahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-0810.1108/ILT-12-2023-0386https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILT-12-2023-0386/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited