COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringTable of Contents for COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering. List of articles from the current issue, including Just Accepted (EarlyCite)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0332-1649/vol/43/iss/1?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringEmerald Publishing LimitedCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/journal/fc9b03e9482588c2f46f589f378bfd6a/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:compel.cover.jpghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0332-1649/vol/43/iss/1?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSimulation of nonuniform transmission lineshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-01-2023-0042/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of the paper is the simulation of nonuniform transmission lines. The method involves a Magnus expansion and a numerical Laplace transform. The method involves a judicious arrangement of the governing equations so as to enable efficient simulation. The results confirm an effective and efficient numerical solver for inclusion of nonuniform transmission lines in circuit simulation. The work combines a Magnus expansion and numerical Laplace transform algorithm in a novel manner and applies the resultant algorithm for the effective and efficient simulation of nonuniform transmission lines.Simulation of nonuniform transmission lines
Marissa Condon
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.1-13

The purpose of the paper is the simulation of nonuniform transmission lines.

The method involves a Magnus expansion and a numerical Laplace transform. The method involves a judicious arrangement of the governing equations so as to enable efficient simulation.

The results confirm an effective and efficient numerical solver for inclusion of nonuniform transmission lines in circuit simulation.

The work combines a Magnus expansion and numerical Laplace transform algorithm in a novel manner and applies the resultant algorithm for the effective and efficient simulation of nonuniform transmission lines.

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Simulation of nonuniform transmission lines10.1108/COMPEL-01-2023-0042COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-06-13© 2023 Marissa Condon.Marissa CondonCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-06-1310.1108/COMPEL-01-2023-0042https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-01-2023-0042/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Marissa Condon.http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Numerical analysis of neutral delay differential equations with high-frequency inputshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-12-2022-0423/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe paper proposes an efficient and insightful approach for solving neutral delay differential equations (NDDE) with high-frequency inputs. This paper aims to overcome the need to use a very small time step when high frequencies are present. High-frequency signals abound in communication circuits when modulated signals are involved. The method involves an asymptotic expansion of the solution and each term in the expansion can be determined either from NDDE without oscillatory inputs or recursive equations. Such an approach leads to an efficient algorithm with a performance that improves as the input frequency increases. An example shall indicate the salient features of the method. Its improved performance shall be shown when the input frequency increases. The example is chosen as it is similar to that in literature concerned with partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) circuits (Bellen et al., 1999). Its structure shall also be shown to enable insights into the behaviour of the system governed by the differential equation. The method is novel in its application to NDDE as arises in engineering applications such as those involving PEEC circuits. In addition, the focus of the method is on a technique suitable for high-frequency signals.Numerical analysis of neutral delay differential equations with high-frequency inputs
Marissa Condon
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.14-23

The paper proposes an efficient and insightful approach for solving neutral delay differential equations (NDDE) with high-frequency inputs. This paper aims to overcome the need to use a very small time step when high frequencies are present. High-frequency signals abound in communication circuits when modulated signals are involved.

The method involves an asymptotic expansion of the solution and each term in the expansion can be determined either from NDDE without oscillatory inputs or recursive equations. Such an approach leads to an efficient algorithm with a performance that improves as the input frequency increases.

An example shall indicate the salient features of the method. Its improved performance shall be shown when the input frequency increases. The example is chosen as it is similar to that in literature concerned with partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) circuits (Bellen et al., 1999). Its structure shall also be shown to enable insights into the behaviour of the system governed by the differential equation.

The method is novel in its application to NDDE as arises in engineering applications such as those involving PEEC circuits. In addition, the focus of the method is on a technique suitable for high-frequency signals.

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Numerical analysis of neutral delay differential equations with high-frequency inputs10.1108/COMPEL-12-2022-0423COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-09-15© 2023 Marissa Condon.Marissa CondonCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-09-1510.1108/COMPEL-12-2022-0423https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-12-2022-0423/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Marissa Condon.
An optoelectronic Coupler based on graphene patterns and SU-8 photoresisthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-03-2023-0087/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this research is to efficiently separate incident terahertz (THz) waves into distinct transmission and reflection channels by minimizing the absorption ratio. So, the optical systems operating within the THz frequency range can developed. To achieve a multi-band response, four different periodic arrays of graphene patterns are used. These arrays are strategically stacked on both sides of three SU-8 photoresists, serving as dielectric materials. Consequently, each layer exhibits a unique influence on the device's response, and by applying four external bias voltages, the behavior of the device can be precisely controlled and adjusted. A novel optoelectronic device operating in the THz frequency range is introduced, using periodic arrays of graphene patterns and SU-8 photoresist dielectrics. The design of this device is based on meta-surface principles, using both the equivalent circuit model (ECM) and transmission line concept. The output of the device is a THz coupler implemented by analyzing the reflection and transmission channels. The structure is characterized using the ECM and validated through comprehensive full-wave simulations. By representing the electromagnetic phenomenon with passive circuit elements, enabling the calculation of absorption, reflection and transmission through the application of the theory of maximum power transfer. Based on simulation results and theoretical analysis, the proposed device exhibits sensitivity to gate biasing, enabling efficient reflection and transmission of THz waves. The device achieves reflection and transmission peaks exceeding across the five distinct THz bands 90%, and its behavior can be tuned by external gate biasing. Moreover, the device's sensitivity to variations in geometrical parameters and chemical potentials demonstrates its reliable performance. With its outstanding performance, this high-performance meta-surface emerges as an ideal candidate for fundamental building blocks in larger optical systems, including sensors and detectors, operating within the THz frequency band. The proposed device covers a significant portion of the THz gap through the provision of five adjustable peaks for reflection and transmission channels. Additionally, the ECM and impedance matching concept offers a simplified and time-efficient approach to designing the meta-surface. Leveraging this approach, the proposed device is effectively represented using passive circuit elements such as inductors, capacitors and resistors, while its performance is validated through the utilization of the finite element method (FEM) as a full-wave simulation tool. This combination of circuit modeling and FEM simulation contributes to the robustness and accuracy of the device's performance evaluation.An optoelectronic Coupler based on graphene patterns and SU-8 photoresist
Elham Zandi, Majid Fouladian, Jalil Mazloum
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.24-36

The purpose of this research is to efficiently separate incident terahertz (THz) waves into distinct transmission and reflection channels by minimizing the absorption ratio. So, the optical systems operating within the THz frequency range can developed. To achieve a multi-band response, four different periodic arrays of graphene patterns are used. These arrays are strategically stacked on both sides of three SU-8 photoresists, serving as dielectric materials. Consequently, each layer exhibits a unique influence on the device's response, and by applying four external bias voltages, the behavior of the device can be precisely controlled and adjusted.

A novel optoelectronic device operating in the THz frequency range is introduced, using periodic arrays of graphene patterns and SU-8 photoresist dielectrics. The design of this device is based on meta-surface principles, using both the equivalent circuit model (ECM) and transmission line concept. The output of the device is a THz coupler implemented by analyzing the reflection and transmission channels. The structure is characterized using the ECM and validated through comprehensive full-wave simulations. By representing the electromagnetic phenomenon with passive circuit elements, enabling the calculation of absorption, reflection and transmission through the application of the theory of maximum power transfer.

Based on simulation results and theoretical analysis, the proposed device exhibits sensitivity to gate biasing, enabling efficient reflection and transmission of THz waves. The device achieves reflection and transmission peaks exceeding across the five distinct THz bands 90%, and its behavior can be tuned by external gate biasing. Moreover, the device's sensitivity to variations in geometrical parameters and chemical potentials demonstrates its reliable performance. With its outstanding performance, this high-performance meta-surface emerges as an ideal candidate for fundamental building blocks in larger optical systems, including sensors and detectors, operating within the THz frequency band.

The proposed device covers a significant portion of the THz gap through the provision of five adjustable peaks for reflection and transmission channels. Additionally, the ECM and impedance matching concept offers a simplified and time-efficient approach to designing the meta-surface. Leveraging this approach, the proposed device is effectively represented using passive circuit elements such as inductors, capacitors and resistors, while its performance is validated through the utilization of the finite element method (FEM) as a full-wave simulation tool. This combination of circuit modeling and FEM simulation contributes to the robustness and accuracy of the device's performance evaluation.

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An optoelectronic Coupler based on graphene patterns and SU-8 photoresist10.1108/COMPEL-03-2023-0087COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-01-31© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedElham ZandiMajid FouladianJalil MazloumCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312024-01-3110.1108/COMPEL-03-2023-0087https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-03-2023-0087/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
A machine learning-driven support vector regression model for enhanced generation system reliability predictionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-04-2023-0133/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to achieve high accuracy in forecasting generation reliability by accurately evaluating the reliability of power systems. This study uses the RTS-79 reliability test system to measure the method’s effectiveness, using mean absolute percentage error as the performance metrics. Accurate reliability predictions can inform critical decisions related to system design, expansion and maintenance, making this study relevant to power system planning and management. This paper proposes a novel approach that uses a radial basis kernel function-based support vector regression method to accurately evaluate the reliability of power systems. The approach selects relevant system features and computes loss of load expectation (LOLE) and expected energy not supplied (EENS) using the analytical unit additional algorithm. The proposed method is evaluated under two scenarios, with changes applied to the load demand side or both the generation system and load profile. The proposed method predicts LOLE and EENS with high accuracy, especially in the first scenario. The results demonstrate the method’s effectiveness in forecasting generation reliability. Accurate reliability predictions can inform critical decisions related to system design, expansion and maintenance. Therefore, the findings of this study have significant implications for power system planning and management. What sets this approach apart is the extraction of several features from both the generation and load sides of the power system, representing a unique contribution to the field.A machine learning-driven support vector regression model for enhanced generation system reliability prediction
Pouya Bolourchi, Mohammadreza Gholami
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.37-49

The purpose of this paper is to achieve high accuracy in forecasting generation reliability by accurately evaluating the reliability of power systems. This study uses the RTS-79 reliability test system to measure the method’s effectiveness, using mean absolute percentage error as the performance metrics. Accurate reliability predictions can inform critical decisions related to system design, expansion and maintenance, making this study relevant to power system planning and management.

This paper proposes a novel approach that uses a radial basis kernel function-based support vector regression method to accurately evaluate the reliability of power systems. The approach selects relevant system features and computes loss of load expectation (LOLE) and expected energy not supplied (EENS) using the analytical unit additional algorithm. The proposed method is evaluated under two scenarios, with changes applied to the load demand side or both the generation system and load profile.

The proposed method predicts LOLE and EENS with high accuracy, especially in the first scenario. The results demonstrate the method’s effectiveness in forecasting generation reliability. Accurate reliability predictions can inform critical decisions related to system design, expansion and maintenance. Therefore, the findings of this study have significant implications for power system planning and management.

What sets this approach apart is the extraction of several features from both the generation and load sides of the power system, representing a unique contribution to the field.

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A machine learning-driven support vector regression model for enhanced generation system reliability prediction10.1108/COMPEL-04-2023-0133COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-11-29© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedPouya BolourchiMohammadreza GholamiCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-11-2910.1108/COMPEL-04-2023-0133https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-04-2023-0133/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Cylindrical electromagnets: modeling, analysis, simulation and implementationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-01-2023-0029/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to present an accurate magnetic equivalent circuit for modeling the cylindrical electromagnet so that by analyzing it, the magnetic flux density in different parts of the electromagnet, as well as its lifting force, can be calculated. The structure of the electromagnet is divided into parts that can be modeled by lumped element parameters. Mathematical equations for calculating these elements are presented and proved. The axial symmetry of the cylindrical electromagnet made it possible to use planar circuits for its modeling. To increase the accuracy of the proposed equivalent circuit, attention has been paid to the leakage flux as well as the nonlinear behavior of the ferromagnetic core. Also, the curvature of the magnetic flux path is considered in the calculation of the corner permeances of the core. The magnetic flux density in different parts of the electromagnet was calculated using nodal analysis of the circuit and compared to the results of the finite element method. Also, a test bed was established to measure the lifting force of the electromagnet. Comparing the results shows a difference of less than 3% which indicate the good accuracy of the proposed circuit. In addition, due to the curvature of the flux path, there is a no-flux region in the center of the disk, the extent of which depends on the thickness of the disk and the diameter of the middle leg. Magnetic equivalent circuit is a new contribution to analyze the cylindrical electromagnet and calculate its lifting force with good accuracy. The circuit lumped elements can be quickly calculated using mathematical equations and software such as MATLAB according to the actual path of the magnetic flux. Compared to other methods, the proposed circuit analyzes the electromagnet in a shorter period of time. This is the most important advantage of the proposed circuit model.Cylindrical electromagnets: modeling, analysis, simulation and implementation
Ali Hashemi, Parsa Yazdanpanah Qaraei
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.50-65

This paper aims to present an accurate magnetic equivalent circuit for modeling the cylindrical electromagnet so that by analyzing it, the magnetic flux density in different parts of the electromagnet, as well as its lifting force, can be calculated.

The structure of the electromagnet is divided into parts that can be modeled by lumped element parameters. Mathematical equations for calculating these elements are presented and proved. The axial symmetry of the cylindrical electromagnet made it possible to use planar circuits for its modeling. To increase the accuracy of the proposed equivalent circuit, attention has been paid to the leakage flux as well as the nonlinear behavior of the ferromagnetic core. Also, the curvature of the magnetic flux path is considered in the calculation of the corner permeances of the core.

The magnetic flux density in different parts of the electromagnet was calculated using nodal analysis of the circuit and compared to the results of the finite element method. Also, a test bed was established to measure the lifting force of the electromagnet. Comparing the results shows a difference of less than 3% which indicate the good accuracy of the proposed circuit. In addition, due to the curvature of the flux path, there is a no-flux region in the center of the disk, the extent of which depends on the thickness of the disk and the diameter of the middle leg.

Magnetic equivalent circuit is a new contribution to analyze the cylindrical electromagnet and calculate its lifting force with good accuracy. The circuit lumped elements can be quickly calculated using mathematical equations and software such as MATLAB according to the actual path of the magnetic flux. Compared to other methods, the proposed circuit analyzes the electromagnet in a shorter period of time. This is the most important advantage of the proposed circuit model.

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Cylindrical electromagnets: modeling, analysis, simulation and implementation10.1108/COMPEL-01-2023-0029COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-12-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAli HashemiParsa Yazdanpanah QaraeiCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-12-1410.1108/COMPEL-01-2023-0029https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-01-2023-0029/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Limitations of Jiles–Atherton models to study the effect of hysteresis in electrical steels under different excitation regimeshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-02-2023-0061/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe accurate modeling of magnetic hysteresis in electrical steels is important in several electrical and electronic applications. Numerical models have long been known that can correctly reproduce some typical behaviours of these magnetic materials. Among these, the model proposed by Jiles and Atherton must certainly be mentioned. This model is intuitive and fairly easy to implement and identify with relatively few experimental data. Also, for this reason, it has been extensively studied in different formulations. The developments and numerical tests made on this hysteresis model have indicated that it is able to accurately reproduce symmetrical cycles, especially the major loop, but often it fails to reproduce non-symmetrical cycles. This paper aims to show the positive aspects and highlight the defects of the different formulations in predicting the minor loops of electrical steels excited by non-sinusoidal currents. The different formulations are applied to different electrical steels, and the data coming from the simulations are compared with those measured experimentally. The direct and inverse Jiles–Atherton models, including the introduction of the dissipative factor approach, are presented, and their limitations are proposed and validated using the measurements of three non-grain-oriented materials. Only the measured major loop is used to identify the parameters of the Jiles–Atherton model. Furthermore, the direct and inverse Jiles–Atherton models were used to simulate the minor loops as well as the hysteresis cycles with direct component (DC) bias excitation. Finally, the simulation results are discussed and compared to measurements for each study case. The paper indicates that both the direct and the inverse Jiles–Atherton model formulations provide a good agreement with the experimental data for the major loop representation; nevertheless, both models can not accurately predict the minor loops even when the modification approaches proposed in the literature were implemented. The Jiles–Atherton model and its modifications are widely discussed in the literature; however, some limitations of the model and its modification in the case of the distorted current waveform are not completely highlighted. Furthermore, this paper contains an original discussion on the accuracy of the prediction of minor loops from distorted current waveforms, including DC bias.Limitations of Jiles–Atherton models to study the effect of hysteresis in electrical steels under different excitation regimes
Abdelazeem Hassan Shehata Atyia, Abdelrahman Mohamed Ghanim
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.66-79

The accurate modeling of magnetic hysteresis in electrical steels is important in several electrical and electronic applications. Numerical models have long been known that can correctly reproduce some typical behaviours of these magnetic materials. Among these, the model proposed by Jiles and Atherton must certainly be mentioned. This model is intuitive and fairly easy to implement and identify with relatively few experimental data. Also, for this reason, it has been extensively studied in different formulations. The developments and numerical tests made on this hysteresis model have indicated that it is able to accurately reproduce symmetrical cycles, especially the major loop, but often it fails to reproduce non-symmetrical cycles. This paper aims to show the positive aspects and highlight the defects of the different formulations in predicting the minor loops of electrical steels excited by non-sinusoidal currents.

The different formulations are applied to different electrical steels, and the data coming from the simulations are compared with those measured experimentally. The direct and inverse Jiles–Atherton models, including the introduction of the dissipative factor approach, are presented, and their limitations are proposed and validated using the measurements of three non-grain-oriented materials. Only the measured major loop is used to identify the parameters of the Jiles–Atherton model. Furthermore, the direct and inverse Jiles–Atherton models were used to simulate the minor loops as well as the hysteresis cycles with direct component (DC) bias excitation. Finally, the simulation results are discussed and compared to measurements for each study case.

The paper indicates that both the direct and the inverse Jiles–Atherton model formulations provide a good agreement with the experimental data for the major loop representation; nevertheless, both models can not accurately predict the minor loops even when the modification approaches proposed in the literature were implemented.

The Jiles–Atherton model and its modifications are widely discussed in the literature; however, some limitations of the model and its modification in the case of the distorted current waveform are not completely highlighted. Furthermore, this paper contains an original discussion on the accuracy of the prediction of minor loops from distorted current waveforms, including DC bias.

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Limitations of Jiles–Atherton models to study the effect of hysteresis in electrical steels under different excitation regimes10.1108/COMPEL-02-2023-0061COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-12-05© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAbdelazeem Hassan Shehata AtyiaAbdelrahman Mohamed GhanimCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-12-0510.1108/COMPEL-02-2023-0061https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-02-2023-0061/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Fractal model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces based on axisymmetric cosinusoidal asperityhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0401/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces based on axisymmetric cosinusoidal asperity. The effects of contact load, fractal dimension, fractal roughness and friction coefficient on the thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces were investigated in this study. The findings suggest that as the contact load increases, the thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces also increases. In addition, an increase in the fractal dimension corresponds to an increase in the thermal contact conductance. Conversely, an increase in fractal roughness leads to a decrease in thermal contact conductance. The smaller the friction coefficient, the lower the thermal contact conductance of the rough surface. In practical engineering applications, it is possible to achieve the desired thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces by selecting surfaces with appropriate roughness. A fractal model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces based on axisymmetric cosinusoidal asperity was established in this study. The findings of this study offer a theoretical foundation for investigating the thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces.Fractal model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces based on axisymmetric cosinusoidal asperity
Xianguang Sun, Xicheng Xin
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.80-93

The purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces based on axisymmetric cosinusoidal asperity.

The effects of contact load, fractal dimension, fractal roughness and friction coefficient on the thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces were investigated in this study.

The findings suggest that as the contact load increases, the thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces also increases. In addition, an increase in the fractal dimension corresponds to an increase in the thermal contact conductance. Conversely, an increase in fractal roughness leads to a decrease in thermal contact conductance. The smaller the friction coefficient, the lower the thermal contact conductance of the rough surface. In practical engineering applications, it is possible to achieve the desired thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces by selecting surfaces with appropriate roughness.

A fractal model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces based on axisymmetric cosinusoidal asperity was established in this study. The findings of this study offer a theoretical foundation for investigating the thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces.

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Fractal model of thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces based on axisymmetric cosinusoidal asperity10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0401COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-12-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedXianguang SunXicheng XinCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-12-1410.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0401https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0401/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Parameters calculation method of energetic model for symmetrical static hysteresis loop and asymmetrical minor loophttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-08-2023-0371/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to propose an energetic model parameter calculation method for predicting the materials’ symmetrical static hysteresis loop and asymmetrical minor loop to improve the accuracy of electromagnetic analysis of equipment. For predicting the symmetrical static hysteresis loop, this paper deduces the functional relationship between magnetic flux density and energetic model parameters based on the materials’ magnetization mechanism. It realizes the efficient and accurate symmetrical static hysteresis loop prediction under different magnetizations. For predicting the asymmetrical minor loop, a new algorithm is proposed that updates the energetic model parameters of the asymmetrical minor loop to consider the return-point memory effect. The comparison of simulation and experimental results verifies that the proposed parameters calculation method has high accuracy and strong universality. The proposed parameter calculation method improves the existing parameter calculation method’s problem of relying on too much experimental data and inaccuracy. Consequently, the presented work facilitates the application of the finite element electromagnetic field analysis method coupling the hysteresis model.Parameters calculation method of energetic model for symmetrical static hysteresis loop and asymmetrical minor loop
Junan Ji, Zhigang Zhao, Shi Zhang, Tianyuan Chen
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.94-107

This paper aims to propose an energetic model parameter calculation method for predicting the materials’ symmetrical static hysteresis loop and asymmetrical minor loop to improve the accuracy of electromagnetic analysis of equipment.

For predicting the symmetrical static hysteresis loop, this paper deduces the functional relationship between magnetic flux density and energetic model parameters based on the materials’ magnetization mechanism. It realizes the efficient and accurate symmetrical static hysteresis loop prediction under different magnetizations. For predicting the asymmetrical minor loop, a new algorithm is proposed that updates the energetic model parameters of the asymmetrical minor loop to consider the return-point memory effect.

The comparison of simulation and experimental results verifies that the proposed parameters calculation method has high accuracy and strong universality.

The proposed parameter calculation method improves the existing parameter calculation method’s problem of relying on too much experimental data and inaccuracy. Consequently, the presented work facilitates the application of the finite element electromagnetic field analysis method coupling the hysteresis model.

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Parameters calculation method of energetic model for symmetrical static hysteresis loop and asymmetrical minor loop10.1108/COMPEL-08-2023-0371COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-12-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedJunan JiZhigang ZhaoShi ZhangTianyuan ChenCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-12-1410.1108/COMPEL-08-2023-0371https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-08-2023-0371/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Modeling and simulation analysis of current transformer based on magnetizing current as the solution variablehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0287/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to develop a model that reflects the current transformer (CT) core materials nonlinearity. The model enables simulation and analysis of the CT excitation current that includes the inductive magnetizing current and the resistive excitation current. A nonlinear CT model is established with the magnetizing current as the solution variable. This model presents the form of a nonlinear differential equation and can be solved discretely using the Runge–Kutta method. By simulating variations in the excitation current for different primary currents, loads and core materials, the results demonstrate that enhancing the permeability of the B–H curve leads to a more significant improvement in the CT ratio error at low primary currents. The proposed model has three obvious advantages over the previous models with the secondary current as the solution variable: (1) The differential equation is simpler and easier to solve. Previous models contain the time differential terms of the secondary current and excitation flux or the integral term of the flux, making the iterative solution complicated. The proposed model only contains the time differential of the magnetizing current. (2) The accuracy of the excitation current obtained by the proposed model is higher. Previous models calculate the excitation current by subtracting the secondary current from the converted primary current. Because these two currents are much greater than the excitation current, the error of calculating the small excitation current by subtracting two large numbers is greatly enlarged. (3) The proposed model can calculate the distorted waveform of the excitation current and error for any form of time-domain primary current, while previous models can only obtain the effective value.Modeling and simulation analysis of current transformer based on magnetizing current as the solution variable
Hongsen You, Mengying Gan, Dapeng Duan, Cheng Zhao, Yuan Chi, Shuai Gao, Jiansheng Yuan
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.108-120

This paper aims to develop a model that reflects the current transformer (CT) core materials nonlinearity. The model enables simulation and analysis of the CT excitation current that includes the inductive magnetizing current and the resistive excitation current.

A nonlinear CT model is established with the magnetizing current as the solution variable. This model presents the form of a nonlinear differential equation and can be solved discretely using the Runge–Kutta method.

By simulating variations in the excitation current for different primary currents, loads and core materials, the results demonstrate that enhancing the permeability of the BH curve leads to a more significant improvement in the CT ratio error at low primary currents.

The proposed model has three obvious advantages over the previous models with the secondary current as the solution variable: (1) The differential equation is simpler and easier to solve. Previous models contain the time differential terms of the secondary current and excitation flux or the integral term of the flux, making the iterative solution complicated. The proposed model only contains the time differential of the magnetizing current. (2) The accuracy of the excitation current obtained by the proposed model is higher. Previous models calculate the excitation current by subtracting the secondary current from the converted primary current. Because these two currents are much greater than the excitation current, the error of calculating the small excitation current by subtracting two large numbers is greatly enlarged. (3) The proposed model can calculate the distorted waveform of the excitation current and error for any form of time-domain primary current, while previous models can only obtain the effective value.

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Modeling and simulation analysis of current transformer based on magnetizing current as the solution variable10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0287COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-12-21© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedHongsen YouMengying GanDapeng DuanCheng ZhaoYuan ChiShuai GaoJiansheng YuanCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-12-2110.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0287https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0287/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Loss minimization based optimal frequency selection for low frequency transmission lines using telegrapher’s methodhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0194/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to obtain the optimal frequency for low-frequency transmission lines while minimizing losses and maintaining the voltage stability of low-frequency systems. This study also emphasizes a reduction in calculations based on mathematical approaches. Telegrapher’s method has been used to reduce large calculations in low-frequency high-voltage alternating current (LF-HVac) lines. The static compensator (STATCOM) has been used to maintain voltage stability. For optimal frequency selection, a modified Jaya algorithm (MJAYA) for optimal load flow analysis was implemented. The MJAYA algorithm performed better than other conventional algorithms and determined the optimum frequency selection while minimizing losses. Voltage stability was also achieved with the proposed optimal load flow (OLF), and statistical analysis showed that the proposed OLF reduces the frequency deviation and standard error of the LF-HVac lines. The optimal frequency for LF-HVac lines has been achieved, Telegrapher’s method has been used in OLF, and STATCOM has been used in LF-HVac transmission lines.Loss minimization based optimal frequency selection for low frequency transmission lines using telegrapher’s method
Mukul Anand, Debashis Chatterjee, Swapan Kumar Goswami
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.121-136

The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimal frequency for low-frequency transmission lines while minimizing losses and maintaining the voltage stability of low-frequency systems. This study also emphasizes a reduction in calculations based on mathematical approaches.

Telegrapher’s method has been used to reduce large calculations in low-frequency high-voltage alternating current (LF-HVac) lines. The static compensator (STATCOM) has been used to maintain voltage stability. For optimal frequency selection, a modified Jaya algorithm (MJAYA) for optimal load flow analysis was implemented.

The MJAYA algorithm performed better than other conventional algorithms and determined the optimum frequency selection while minimizing losses. Voltage stability was also achieved with the proposed optimal load flow (OLF), and statistical analysis showed that the proposed OLF reduces the frequency deviation and standard error of the LF-HVac lines.

The optimal frequency for LF-HVac lines has been achieved, Telegrapher’s method has been used in OLF, and STATCOM has been used in LF-HVac transmission lines.

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Loss minimization based optimal frequency selection for low frequency transmission lines using telegrapher’s method10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0194COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2023-12-26© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMukul AnandDebashis ChatterjeeSwapan Kumar GoswamiCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312023-12-2610.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0194https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0194/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Fractal model of thermal contact conductance of the involute arc cylindrical gear considering friction coefficienthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0317/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance (TCC) of the involute arc cylindrical gear considering friction coefficient. The influences of fractal dimension, fractal roughness and surface modification coefficient on the TCC of the rough surface were studied. The results indicate that increasing the fractal dimension or reducing the fractal roughness enhances the TCC of the rough surface, and raising the surface correction coefficient contributes to this improvement. In this work, the novelty of the work is that the authors first established a novel fractal model of TCC of the involute arc cylindrical gear considering friction coefficient. The achievements of this study provide some theoretical basis for the investigation of the TCC of the involute arc cylindrical gear.Fractal model of thermal contact conductance of the involute arc cylindrical gear considering friction coefficient
Xianguang Sun, Xicheng Xin
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.137-148

The purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance (TCC) of the involute arc cylindrical gear considering friction coefficient.

The influences of fractal dimension, fractal roughness and surface modification coefficient on the TCC of the rough surface were studied.

The results indicate that increasing the fractal dimension or reducing the fractal roughness enhances the TCC of the rough surface, and raising the surface correction coefficient contributes to this improvement.

In this work, the novelty of the work is that the authors first established a novel fractal model of TCC of the involute arc cylindrical gear considering friction coefficient. The achievements of this study provide some theoretical basis for the investigation of the TCC of the involute arc cylindrical gear.

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Fractal model of thermal contact conductance of the involute arc cylindrical gear considering friction coefficient10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0317COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-01-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedXianguang SunXicheng XinCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312024-01-1910.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0317https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0317/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Semianalytical modeling of squirrel-cage induction machines with consideration of iron permeability and eddy-currents using elementary subdomain techniquehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-06-2023-0219/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to propose a semianalytical model of a squirrel-cage induction machine (SCIM), considering local magnetic saturation and eddy-currents induced in the rotor bars. The regions of the rotor and stator are divided into elementary subdomains (E-SDs) characterized by general solutions at the first harmonic of the magneto-harmonic Maxwell’s equations. These E-SDs are connected in both directions (i.e., along the r- and θ-edges). The calculation of the magnetic field has been validated for various values of slip and iron permeability. All electromagnetic quantities were compared with those obtained using a two-dimensional finite-element method. The semianalytical results are satisfactory compared with the numerical results, considering both the amplitude and waveform. Expansion of the recent analytical model (E-SD technique) for the full prediction of the magnetic field in SCIMs, considering the local saturation effect and the eddy-currents induced in the rotor bars.Semianalytical modeling of squirrel-cage induction machines with consideration of iron permeability and eddy-currents using elementary subdomain technique
Lazhar Roubache, Kamel Boughrara, Frédéric Dubas, Brahim Ladghem Chikouche, Rachid Ibtiouen
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.149-166

This paper aims to propose a semianalytical model of a squirrel-cage induction machine (SCIM), considering local magnetic saturation and eddy-currents induced in the rotor bars.

The regions of the rotor and stator are divided into elementary subdomains (E-SDs) characterized by general solutions at the first harmonic of the magneto-harmonic Maxwell’s equations. These E-SDs are connected in both directions (i.e., along the r- and θ-edges).

The calculation of the magnetic field has been validated for various values of slip and iron permeability. All electromagnetic quantities were compared with those obtained using a two-dimensional finite-element method. The semianalytical results are satisfactory compared with the numerical results, considering both the amplitude and waveform.

Expansion of the recent analytical model (E-SD technique) for the full prediction of the magnetic field in SCIMs, considering the local saturation effect and the eddy-currents induced in the rotor bars.

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Semianalytical modeling of squirrel-cage induction machines with consideration of iron permeability and eddy-currents using elementary subdomain technique10.1108/COMPEL-06-2023-0219COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-01-23© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedLazhar RoubacheKamel BoughraraFrédéric DubasBrahim Ladghem ChikoucheRachid IbtiouenCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312024-01-2310.1108/COMPEL-06-2023-0219https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-06-2023-0219/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Nonlinear optimal control for the five-phase induction motor-based traction system of electric vehicleshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0186/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this article is to treat the nonlinear optimal control problem in EV traction systems which are based on 5-phase induction motors. Five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors and five-phase asynchronous induction motors (IMs) are among the types of multiphase motors one can consider for the traction system of electric vehicles (EVs). By distributing the required power in a large number of phases, the power load of each individual phase is reduced. The cumulative rates of power in multiphase machines can be raised without stressing the connected converters. Multiphase motors are also fault tolerant because such machines remain functional even if failures affect certain phases. A novel nonlinear optimal control approach has been developed for five-phase IMs. The dynamic model of the five-phase IM undergoes approximate linearization using Taylor series expansion and the computation of the associated Jacobian matrices. The linearization takes place at each sampling instance. For the linearized model of the motor, an H-infinity feedback controller is designed. This controller achieves the solution of the optimal control problem under model uncertainty and disturbances. To select the feedback gains of the nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) controller, an algebraic Riccati equation has to be solved repetitively at each time-step of the control method. The global stability properties of the control loop are demonstrated through Lyapunov analysis. Under moderate conditions, the global asymptotic stability properties of the control scheme are proven. The proposed nonlinear optimal control method achieves fast and accurate tracking of reference setpoints under moderate variations of the control inputs. Comparing to other nonlinear control methods that one could have considered for five-phase IMs, the presented nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) control approach avoids complicated state-space model transformations, is of proven global stability and its use does not require the model of the motor to be brought into a specific state-space form. The nonlinear optimal control method has clear implementation stages and moderate computational effort. In the transportation sector, there is progressive transition to EVs. The use of five-phase IMs in EVs exhibits specific advantages, by achieving a more balanced distribution of power in the multiple phases of the motor and by providing fault tolerance. The study’s nonlinear optimal control method for five-phase IMs enables high performance for such motors and their efficient use in the traction system of EVs. Nonlinear optimal control for five-phase IMs supports the deployment of their use in EVs. Therefore, it contributes to the net-zero objective that aims at eliminating the emission of harmful exhaust gases coming from human activities. Most known manufacturers of vehicles have shifted to the production of all-electric cars. The study’s findings can optimize the traction system of EVs thus also contributing to the growth of the EV industry. The proposed nonlinear optimal control method is novel comparing to past attempts for solving the optimal control problem for nonlinear dynamical systems. It uses a novel approach for selecting the linearization points and a new Riccati equation for computing the feedback gains of the controller. The nonlinear optimal control method is applicable to a wider class of dynamical systems than approaches based on the solution of state-dependent Riccati equations.Nonlinear optimal control for the five-phase induction motor-based traction system of electric vehicles
Gerasimos G. Rigatos, Pierluigi Siano, Mohammed S. Al-Numay, Bilal Sari, Masoud Abbaszadeh
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.167-191

The purpose of this article is to treat the nonlinear optimal control problem in EV traction systems which are based on 5-phase induction motors. Five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors and five-phase asynchronous induction motors (IMs) are among the types of multiphase motors one can consider for the traction system of electric vehicles (EVs). By distributing the required power in a large number of phases, the power load of each individual phase is reduced. The cumulative rates of power in multiphase machines can be raised without stressing the connected converters. Multiphase motors are also fault tolerant because such machines remain functional even if failures affect certain phases.

A novel nonlinear optimal control approach has been developed for five-phase IMs. The dynamic model of the five-phase IM undergoes approximate linearization using Taylor series expansion and the computation of the associated Jacobian matrices. The linearization takes place at each sampling instance. For the linearized model of the motor, an H-infinity feedback controller is designed. This controller achieves the solution of the optimal control problem under model uncertainty and disturbances.

To select the feedback gains of the nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) controller, an algebraic Riccati equation has to be solved repetitively at each time-step of the control method. The global stability properties of the control loop are demonstrated through Lyapunov analysis. Under moderate conditions, the global asymptotic stability properties of the control scheme are proven. The proposed nonlinear optimal control method achieves fast and accurate tracking of reference setpoints under moderate variations of the control inputs.

Comparing to other nonlinear control methods that one could have considered for five-phase IMs, the presented nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) control approach avoids complicated state-space model transformations, is of proven global stability and its use does not require the model of the motor to be brought into a specific state-space form. The nonlinear optimal control method has clear implementation stages and moderate computational effort.

In the transportation sector, there is progressive transition to EVs. The use of five-phase IMs in EVs exhibits specific advantages, by achieving a more balanced distribution of power in the multiple phases of the motor and by providing fault tolerance. The study’s nonlinear optimal control method for five-phase IMs enables high performance for such motors and their efficient use in the traction system of EVs.

Nonlinear optimal control for five-phase IMs supports the deployment of their use in EVs. Therefore, it contributes to the net-zero objective that aims at eliminating the emission of harmful exhaust gases coming from human activities. Most known manufacturers of vehicles have shifted to the production of all-electric cars. The study’s findings can optimize the traction system of EVs thus also contributing to the growth of the EV industry.

The proposed nonlinear optimal control method is novel comparing to past attempts for solving the optimal control problem for nonlinear dynamical systems. It uses a novel approach for selecting the linearization points and a new Riccati equation for computing the feedback gains of the controller. The nonlinear optimal control method is applicable to a wider class of dynamical systems than approaches based on the solution of state-dependent Riccati equations.

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Nonlinear optimal control for the five-phase induction motor-based traction system of electric vehicles10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0186COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-01© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedGerasimos G. RigatosPierluigi SianoMohammed S. Al-NumayBilal SariMasoud AbbaszadehCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312024-02-0110.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0186https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0186/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Design and analysis of electric spring based on battery-less current-source inverterhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-04-2023-0157/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestElectric spring (ES) is a demand response method that can stabilize the voltage of critical loads and improve power quality, especially in a weak power grid with a high proportion of renewable energy sources. Most of existing ESs are implemented by voltage-source inverter (VSI), which has some shortcomings. For example, the DC-link capacitor limits the service life of ES, and the battery is costly and hard to recycle. Besides, conventional VSI cannot boost the voltage, which limits the application of ES in high-voltage occasions. This study aims to propose a novel scheme of ES to solve the above problems. In this work, an ES topology based on current-source inverter (CSI) without a battery is presented, and a direct current control strategy is proposed. The operating principles, voltage regulation range and parameter design of the proposed ES are discussed in detail. The proposed ES is applicable to various voltage levels, and the harmonics are effectively suppressed, which have been validated via the experimental results in both ideal and distorted grid conditions. An ES topology based on battery-less CSI is proposed for the first time, which reduces the cost and prolongs the service time of ES. A novel control strategy is proposed to realize the functions of voltage regulation and harmonic suppression.Design and analysis of electric spring based on battery-less current-source inverter
Yumin He, Tingyun Gu, Bowen Li, Yu Wang, Dongyuan Qiu, Yang Zhang, Peicheng Qiu
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.192-206

Electric spring (ES) is a demand response method that can stabilize the voltage of critical loads and improve power quality, especially in a weak power grid with a high proportion of renewable energy sources. Most of existing ESs are implemented by voltage-source inverter (VSI), which has some shortcomings. For example, the DC-link capacitor limits the service life of ES, and the battery is costly and hard to recycle. Besides, conventional VSI cannot boost the voltage, which limits the application of ES in high-voltage occasions. This study aims to propose a novel scheme of ES to solve the above problems.

In this work, an ES topology based on current-source inverter (CSI) without a battery is presented, and a direct current control strategy is proposed. The operating principles, voltage regulation range and parameter design of the proposed ES are discussed in detail.

The proposed ES is applicable to various voltage levels, and the harmonics are effectively suppressed, which have been validated via the experimental results in both ideal and distorted grid conditions.

An ES topology based on battery-less CSI is proposed for the first time, which reduces the cost and prolongs the service time of ES. A novel control strategy is proposed to realize the functions of voltage regulation and harmonic suppression.

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Design and analysis of electric spring based on battery-less current-source inverter10.1108/COMPEL-04-2023-0157COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-15© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedYumin HeTingyun GuBowen LiYu WangDongyuan QiuYang ZhangPeicheng QiuCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312024-02-1510.1108/COMPEL-04-2023-0157https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-04-2023-0157/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Model of an E-cored probe over layered conductor containing corrosion for eddy current testinghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0404/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIn eddy current nondestructive testing, ferrite-cored probes are usually used to detect and locate defects such as cracks and corrosion in conductive materials. However, the generic analytical model for evaluating corrosion in layered conductor using ferrite-cored probe has not yet been developed. The purpose of this paper is to propose and verify the analytical model of an E-cored probe for evaluating corrosion in layered conductive materials. A cylindrical coordinate system is adopted and the solution domain is truncated in the radial direction. The magnetic vector potential of each region excited by a filamentary coil is derived first, and then the expansion coefficients of the solution are obtained by matching the boundary and interface conditions between the regions and the subregions. Finally the closed-form expression of the impedance of the multi-turn coil is derived by using the truncated region eigenfunction expansion (TREE) method, and the impedance calculation is carried out in Mathematica. In the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz, the impedance changes of the E-cored coil and air-cored coil due to the layered conductor containing corrosion are calculated, respectively, and the influences of corrosion on the coil impedance change are investigated. An analytical model for the detection and evaluating of corrosion in layered conductive materials using E-cored probe is proposed. The model can quickly and accurately calculate the impedance change of E-cored coil due to corrosion in layered conductor. The correctness of the analytical model is verified by finite element method and experiments. An accurate theoretical model of E-cored probe for evaluating corrosion of multilayer conductor is presented. The analytical model can be used to detect the inhomogeneity of layered conductor, design ferrite-cored probe or directly evaluate the corrosion defects of layered conductors.Model of an E-cored probe over layered conductor containing corrosion for eddy current testing
Siquan Zhang
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.207-226

In eddy current nondestructive testing, ferrite-cored probes are usually used to detect and locate defects such as cracks and corrosion in conductive materials. However, the generic analytical model for evaluating corrosion in layered conductor using ferrite-cored probe has not yet been developed. The purpose of this paper is to propose and verify the analytical model of an E-cored probe for evaluating corrosion in layered conductive materials.

A cylindrical coordinate system is adopted and the solution domain is truncated in the radial direction. The magnetic vector potential of each region excited by a filamentary coil is derived first, and then the expansion coefficients of the solution are obtained by matching the boundary and interface conditions between the regions and the subregions. Finally the closed-form expression of the impedance of the multi-turn coil is derived by using the truncated region eigenfunction expansion (TREE) method, and the impedance calculation is carried out in Mathematica. In the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz, the impedance changes of the E-cored coil and air-cored coil due to the layered conductor containing corrosion are calculated, respectively, and the influences of corrosion on the coil impedance change are investigated.

An analytical model for the detection and evaluating of corrosion in layered conductive materials using E-cored probe is proposed. The model can quickly and accurately calculate the impedance change of E-cored coil due to corrosion in layered conductor. The correctness of the analytical model is verified by finite element method and experiments.

An accurate theoretical model of E-cored probe for evaluating corrosion of multilayer conductor is presented. The analytical model can be used to detect the inhomogeneity of layered conductor, design ferrite-cored probe or directly evaluate the corrosion defects of layered conductors.

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Model of an E-cored probe over layered conductor containing corrosion for eddy current testing10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0404COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-12© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedSiquan ZhangCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312024-02-1210.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0404https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0404/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Detection and localization of fault in DC microgrid using discrete Teager energy and generalized least square methodhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-02-2023-0062/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to introduce a new fault protection scheme for microgrid DC networks with ring buses. It is well recognized that the protection scheme in a DC ring bus microgrid becomes very complicated due to the bidirectional power flow. To provide reliable protection, the differential current signal is decomposed into several basic modes using adaptive variational mode decomposition (VMD). In this method, the mode number and the penalty factor are chosen optimally by using arithmetic optimization algorithm, yielding satisfactory decomposition results than the conventional VMD. Weighted Kurtosis index is used as the measurement index to select the sensitive mode, which is used to evaluate the discrete Teager energy (DTE) that indicates the occurrence of DC faults. For localizing cable faults, the current signals from the two ends are used on a sample-to-sample basis to formulate the state space matrix, which is solved by using generalized least squares approach. The proposed protection method is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK by considering various test cases. DTE is used to detect pole-pole and pole-ground fault and other disturbances such as high-impedance faults and series arc faults with a reduced detection time (10 ms) compared to some existing techniques. Verification of this method is performed considering various test cases in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform yielding fast detection timings and accurate fault location.Detection and localization of fault in DC microgrid using discrete Teager energy and generalized least square method
Subrat Kumar Barik, Smrutimayee Nanda, Padarbinda Samal, Rudranarayan Senapati
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.227-246

This paper aims to introduce a new fault protection scheme for microgrid DC networks with ring buses.

It is well recognized that the protection scheme in a DC ring bus microgrid becomes very complicated due to the bidirectional power flow. To provide reliable protection, the differential current signal is decomposed into several basic modes using adaptive variational mode decomposition (VMD). In this method, the mode number and the penalty factor are chosen optimally by using arithmetic optimization algorithm, yielding satisfactory decomposition results than the conventional VMD. Weighted Kurtosis index is used as the measurement index to select the sensitive mode, which is used to evaluate the discrete Teager energy (DTE) that indicates the occurrence of DC faults. For localizing cable faults, the current signals from the two ends are used on a sample-to-sample basis to formulate the state space matrix, which is solved by using generalized least squares approach. The proposed protection method is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK by considering various test cases.

DTE is used to detect pole-pole and pole-ground fault and other disturbances such as high-impedance faults and series arc faults with a reduced detection time (10 ms) compared to some existing techniques.

Verification of this method is performed considering various test cases in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform yielding fast detection timings and accurate fault location.

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Detection and localization of fault in DC microgrid using discrete Teager energy and generalized least square method10.1108/COMPEL-02-2023-0062COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-22© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedSubrat Kumar BarikSmrutimayee NandaPadarbinda SamalRudranarayan SenapatiCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312024-02-2210.1108/COMPEL-02-2023-0062https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-02-2023-0062/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Toward unique electrical ladder network model synthesis of a transformer winding high-frequency modeling using K-means and metaheuristic-based methodhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0207/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAlthough, numerous optimization algorithms have been devoted to construct an electrical ladder network model (ELNM), they suffer from some frail points such as insufficient accuracy as well as the majority of them are unconstrained, which result in optimal solutions that violate certain security operational constraints. For this purpose, this paper aims to propose a flexible-constraint coyote optimization algorithm; the novelty lies in these points: penalty function is introduced in the objective function to discard any unfeasible solution, an advanced constraint handling technique and empirical relationship between the physical estimated parameters and their natural frequencies. Frequency response analysis (FRA) is very significant for transformer winding diagnosis. Interpreting results of a transformer winding FRA is quite challenging. This paper proposes a new methodology to synthesize a nearly unique ELNM physically and electrically coupled for power transformer winding, basing on K-means and metaheuristic algorithm. To this end, the K-means method is used to cluster the setting of control variables, including the self-mutual inductances/capacitances, and the resistances parameters. Afterward, metaheuristic algorithm is applied to determine the cluster centers with high precision and efficiency. FRA is performed on a power transformer winding model. Basing on the proposed methodology, the prior knowledge in selecting the initial guess and search space is avoided and the global solution is ensured. The performance of the abovementioned methodology is compared using evaluation expressions to verify its feasibility and accuracy. The proposed method could be generalized for diagnosis of faults in power transformer winding.Toward unique electrical ladder network model synthesis of a transformer winding high-frequency modeling using K-means and metaheuristic-based method
Abdallah Chanane, Hamza Houassine
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.247-266

Although, numerous optimization algorithms have been devoted to construct an electrical ladder network model (ELNM), they suffer from some frail points such as insufficient accuracy as well as the majority of them are unconstrained, which result in optimal solutions that violate certain security operational constraints. For this purpose, this paper aims to propose a flexible-constraint coyote optimization algorithm; the novelty lies in these points: penalty function is introduced in the objective function to discard any unfeasible solution, an advanced constraint handling technique and empirical relationship between the physical estimated parameters and their natural frequencies.

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is very significant for transformer winding diagnosis. Interpreting results of a transformer winding FRA is quite challenging. This paper proposes a new methodology to synthesize a nearly unique ELNM physically and electrically coupled for power transformer winding, basing on K-means and metaheuristic algorithm. To this end, the K-means method is used to cluster the setting of control variables, including the self-mutual inductances/capacitances, and the resistances parameters. Afterward, metaheuristic algorithm is applied to determine the cluster centers with high precision and efficiency.

FRA is performed on a power transformer winding model. Basing on the proposed methodology, the prior knowledge in selecting the initial guess and search space is avoided and the global solution is ensured. The performance of the abovementioned methodology is compared using evaluation expressions to verify its feasibility and accuracy.

The proposed method could be generalized for diagnosis of faults in power transformer winding.

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Toward unique electrical ladder network model synthesis of a transformer winding high-frequency modeling using K-means and metaheuristic-based method10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0207COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-16© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedAbdallah ChananeHamza HouassineCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering4312024-02-1610.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0207https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-05-2023-0207/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Double-wall pipe-type power-frequency electromagnetic heating device with diversion ring and its heating mode optimizationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-05-2022-0178/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to study the pipe-type electromagnetic induction heating device under power frequency condition. To reduce eddy current loss and improve heating efficiency, the structure of a pipe-type power-frequency electromagnetic heating device was optimized. Based on the maximum load flow formula, a parallel excitation winding structure is designed, and the distribution of electromagnetic field under four different powers is analyzed by simulation. Four heating modes were proposed according to the structure of diversion ring, inner wall and outer wall. Two heating modes with better heating effect were obtained by comprehensively considering the factors such as magnetic field distribution, thermal power and energy consumption. The double-wall structure of the pipe-type electromagnetic heating device can make the heat source distribution more uniform, and the use of power-frequency power supply can increase security, the installation of diversion ring can make the heating more sufficient and the heating efficiency of the two heating methods selected according to the structural performance is more than 90%. In view of the medium or high frequency of pipe-type electromagnetic heating device, it is necessary to configure high power electronic frequency conversion drive system, and eddy current can only be produced on the tube wall, resulting in uneven distribution of heat sources. A pipe-type power-frequency electromagnetic heating device with double-wall structure was proposed.Double-wall pipe-type power-frequency electromagnetic heating device with diversion ring and its heating mode optimization
Feng Zhou, Zixuan Wang, Yuxiang Zhao
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to study the pipe-type electromagnetic induction heating device under power frequency condition.

To reduce eddy current loss and improve heating efficiency, the structure of a pipe-type power-frequency electromagnetic heating device was optimized. Based on the maximum load flow formula, a parallel excitation winding structure is designed, and the distribution of electromagnetic field under four different powers is analyzed by simulation. Four heating modes were proposed according to the structure of diversion ring, inner wall and outer wall. Two heating modes with better heating effect were obtained by comprehensively considering the factors such as magnetic field distribution, thermal power and energy consumption.

The double-wall structure of the pipe-type electromagnetic heating device can make the heat source distribution more uniform, and the use of power-frequency power supply can increase security, the installation of diversion ring can make the heating more sufficient and the heating efficiency of the two heating methods selected according to the structural performance is more than 90%.

In view of the medium or high frequency of pipe-type electromagnetic heating device, it is necessary to configure high power electronic frequency conversion drive system, and eddy current can only be produced on the tube wall, resulting in uneven distribution of heat sources. A pipe-type power-frequency electromagnetic heating device with double-wall structure was proposed.

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Double-wall pipe-type power-frequency electromagnetic heating device with diversion ring and its heating mode optimization10.1108/COMPEL-05-2022-0178COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2022-09-06© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedFeng ZhouZixuan WangYuxiang ZhaoCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2022-09-0610.1108/COMPEL-05-2022-0178https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-05-2022-0178/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Uniform diffracted fields of the extended theory of BDW from the circular aperture on a perfectly magnetic conductive surfacehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-06-2023-0223/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to examine the uniform diffracted fields from a perfectly magnetic conductive (PMC) surface with the extended theory of boundary diffraction wave (BDW) approach. Miyamoto and Wolf’s symbolic expression of the vector potential was used in the extended theory of BDW integral. This vector potential is applied to the problem, and the nonuniform field expression found was made uniform. Here, the expression is made uniform, using the detour parameter with the help of the asymptotic correlation of the Fresnel function. The BDW theory for the PMC surface extended the diffracted fields, and the uniform diffracted fields were calculated. The field expressions obtained were interpreted with the graphs numerically for different aperture radii and observation distances. It has been shown that the BDW is continuous behind the diffracting aperture. There does not exist any discontinuity at the geometrically light-to-shadow transition boundary, as is required by the theory. The results were graphically compared with diffracted fields for other surfaces. As far as we know, the uniform diffracted fields from the circular aperture on a PMC surface were calculated for the first time with the extended theory of the BDW approach.Uniform diffracted fields of the extended theory of BDW from the circular aperture on a perfectly magnetic conductive surface
Mustafa Altınel, Uğur Yalçın
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to examine the uniform diffracted fields from a perfectly magnetic conductive (PMC) surface with the extended theory of boundary diffraction wave (BDW) approach.

Miyamoto and Wolf’s symbolic expression of the vector potential was used in the extended theory of BDW integral. This vector potential is applied to the problem, and the nonuniform field expression found was made uniform. Here, the expression is made uniform, using the detour parameter with the help of the asymptotic correlation of the Fresnel function. The BDW theory for the PMC surface extended the diffracted fields, and the uniform diffracted fields were calculated.

The field expressions obtained were interpreted with the graphs numerically for different aperture radii and observation distances. It has been shown that the BDW is continuous behind the diffracting aperture. There does not exist any discontinuity at the geometrically light-to-shadow transition boundary, as is required by the theory.

The results were graphically compared with diffracted fields for other surfaces. As far as we know, the uniform diffracted fields from the circular aperture on a PMC surface were calculated for the first time with the extended theory of the BDW approach.

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Uniform diffracted fields of the extended theory of BDW from the circular aperture on a perfectly magnetic conductive surface10.1108/COMPEL-06-2023-0223COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-03-14© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMustafa AltınelUğur YalçınCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1410.1108/COMPEL-06-2023-0223https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-06-2023-0223/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
A high-performance multilevel power supply for versatile induction heating processeshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0284/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestInduction heating processes need to adapt to complex geometries or variable processes that require a high degree of flexibility in the induction heating setup. This is usually done using complex inductors or adaptable resonant tanks, which leads to costly and constrained implementations. This paper aims to propose a multi-level, versatile power supply able to adapt the output to the required induction heating process. This paper proposes a versatile multilevel topology able to generate versatile output waveforms. The methodology followed includes simulation of the proposed architecture, design of the power electronics, control and magnetic elements and laboratory tests after building a 10-level prototype. The proposed converter has been designed and tested using an experimental prototype. The designed generator is able to operate at 1 kVpp and 100 A at 250 kHz, proving the feasibility of the proposed approach. The proposed converter enables versatile waveform generation, enabling advanced tests and processes on induction heating system. The proposed system allows for multifrequency generation using a single inductor and converter, or advanced tests for inductive and capacitive components used on induction heating systems. Unlike previous multifrequency proposals, the proposed generator enables a significantly improved versatility in terms of operational frequency and amplitude in a single converter.A high-performance multilevel power supply for versatile induction heating processes
Ignacio Jesús Álvarez Gariburo, Hector Sarnago, Oscar Lucia
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Induction heating processes need to adapt to complex geometries or variable processes that require a high degree of flexibility in the induction heating setup. This is usually done using complex inductors or adaptable resonant tanks, which leads to costly and constrained implementations. This paper aims to propose a multi-level, versatile power supply able to adapt the output to the required induction heating process.

This paper proposes a versatile multilevel topology able to generate versatile output waveforms. The methodology followed includes simulation of the proposed architecture, design of the power electronics, control and magnetic elements and laboratory tests after building a 10-level prototype.

The proposed converter has been designed and tested using an experimental prototype. The designed generator is able to operate at 1 kVpp and 100 A at 250 kHz, proving the feasibility of the proposed approach.

The proposed converter enables versatile waveform generation, enabling advanced tests and processes on induction heating system. The proposed system allows for multifrequency generation using a single inductor and converter, or advanced tests for inductive and capacitive components used on induction heating systems. Unlike previous multifrequency proposals, the proposed generator enables a significantly improved versatility in terms of operational frequency and amplitude in a single converter.

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A high-performance multilevel power supply for versatile induction heating processes10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0284COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-03-28© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedIgnacio Jesús Álvarez GariburoHector SarnagoOscar LuciaCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2810.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0284https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-07-2023-0284/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
A new winding homogenization method based on thermal resistance concepthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-08-2023-0328/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe aim of this paper is to provide a simple yet accurate and efficient geometric method for thermal homogenization of impregnated and non-impregnated coil winding technologies based on the concept of thermal resistance. For regular windings, the periodic microscopic cell in the winding space is identified. Also, for irregular windings, the average microscopic cell of the winding is determined. An approximation is used to calculate the thermal resistance of the winding cell. Based on this approximation, the winding insulation is considered as a circular ring around the wire. Mathematical equations are obtained to calculate the equivalent thermal resistance of the cell. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the winding is calculated using equivalent thermal resistance of the cell. Winding thermal homogenization is completed by determining the equivalent thermal properties of the cell. The thermal pattern of different windings is simulated and compared with the results of different homogenization methods. The results show that the proposed method is applicable for a wide range of windings in terms of winding scheme, packing factor and winding insulation. Also, the results show that the proposed method is more accurate than other winding homogenization methods in calculating the equivalent thermal conductivity of the winding. In this paper, the change of electrical resistance of the winding with temperature and thermal contact between the sub-components are ignored. Also, liquid insulators, such as oils, and rectangular wires were not investigated. Research in these topics is considered as future work. Unlike other homogenization methods, the proposed method can be applied to non-impregnated and irregular windings. Also, compared to other homogenization methods, the proposed method has a simpler formulation that makes it easier to program and implement. All of these indicate the efficiency of the proposed method in the thermal analysis of the winding.A new winding homogenization method based on thermal resistance concept
Ali Hashemi, Parsa Yazdanpanah Qaraei, Mostafa Shabanian-Poodeh
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The aim of this paper is to provide a simple yet accurate and efficient geometric method for thermal homogenization of impregnated and non-impregnated coil winding technologies based on the concept of thermal resistance.

For regular windings, the periodic microscopic cell in the winding space is identified. Also, for irregular windings, the average microscopic cell of the winding is determined. An approximation is used to calculate the thermal resistance of the winding cell. Based on this approximation, the winding insulation is considered as a circular ring around the wire. Mathematical equations are obtained to calculate the equivalent thermal resistance of the cell. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the winding is calculated using equivalent thermal resistance of the cell. Winding thermal homogenization is completed by determining the equivalent thermal properties of the cell.

The thermal pattern of different windings is simulated and compared with the results of different homogenization methods. The results show that the proposed method is applicable for a wide range of windings in terms of winding scheme, packing factor and winding insulation. Also, the results show that the proposed method is more accurate than other winding homogenization methods in calculating the equivalent thermal conductivity of the winding.

In this paper, the change of electrical resistance of the winding with temperature and thermal contact between the sub-components are ignored. Also, liquid insulators, such as oils, and rectangular wires were not investigated. Research in these topics is considered as future work.

Unlike other homogenization methods, the proposed method can be applied to non-impregnated and irregular windings. Also, compared to other homogenization methods, the proposed method has a simpler formulation that makes it easier to program and implement. All of these indicate the efficiency of the proposed method in the thermal analysis of the winding.

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A new winding homogenization method based on thermal resistance concept10.1108/COMPEL-08-2023-0328COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-04-01© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedAli HashemiParsa Yazdanpanah QaraeiMostafa Shabanian-PoodehCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-04-0110.1108/COMPEL-08-2023-0328https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-08-2023-0328/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Numerical modelling of heating and melting of metal in a mini industrial direct current electrical arc furnacehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0417/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is the study of the electro-vortex flow (EVF) as well as heating and melting processes for mini industrial direct current electric arc furnace (DC EAF). A mini DC EAF was designed, manufactured and installed to study the industrial processes of heating and melting a small amount of melt, being 4.6 kg of steel in the case under study. Numerical modelling of metal melting was performed using the enthalpy and porosity approach at equal values and non-equal values of the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the metal. The EVF of the liquid phase of metal was computed using the large eddy simulation model of turbulence. Melt temperature measurements were made using an infrared camera and a probe with a thermocouple sensor. The melt speed was estimated by observing the movement of particles at the top surface of melt. The thermal flux for metal heating and melting, which is supplied through an arc spot at the top surface of metal, is estimated using the thermal balance of the furnace at melting point. The melting time was estimated using numerical modelling of heating and melting of metal. The process started at room temperature and finished once whole volume of metal was molten. The evolution of the solid/melt phase boundary as well as evolution of EVF patterns of the melt was studied. Numerical studies of heating and melting processes in metal were performed in the case of intensive liquid phase turbulent circulation due to the Lorentz force in the melt, which results from the interaction of electrical current with a self-magnetic field.Numerical modelling of heating and melting of metal in a mini industrial direct current electrical arc furnace
Sergejs Pavlovs, Andris Jakovičs, Alexander Chudnovsky
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is the study of the electro-vortex flow (EVF) as well as heating and melting processes for mini industrial direct current electric arc furnace (DC EAF).

A mini DC EAF was designed, manufactured and installed to study the industrial processes of heating and melting a small amount of melt, being 4.6 kg of steel in the case under study. Numerical modelling of metal melting was performed using the enthalpy and porosity approach at equal values and non-equal values of the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the metal. The EVF of the liquid phase of metal was computed using the large eddy simulation model of turbulence. Melt temperature measurements were made using an infrared camera and a probe with a thermocouple sensor. The melt speed was estimated by observing the movement of particles at the top surface of melt.

The thermal flux for metal heating and melting, which is supplied through an arc spot at the top surface of metal, is estimated using the thermal balance of the furnace at melting point. The melting time was estimated using numerical modelling of heating and melting of metal. The process started at room temperature and finished once whole volume of metal was molten. The evolution of the solid/melt phase boundary as well as evolution of EVF patterns of the melt was studied.

Numerical studies of heating and melting processes in metal were performed in the case of intensive liquid phase turbulent circulation due to the Lorentz force in the melt, which results from the interaction of electrical current with a self-magnetic field.

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Numerical modelling of heating and melting of metal in a mini industrial direct current electrical arc furnace10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0417COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-16© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedSergejs PavlovsAndris JakovičsAlexander ChudnovskyCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1610.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0417https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0417/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Optimizing IRE targeting using multi-electrode structure and biomedical multi-output generatorhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0418/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to study the feasibility of proposed method to focus the electroporation ablation by mean of multi-output multi-electrode system. The proposed method has been developed based on a previously designed electroporation system, which has the capabilities to modify the electric field distribution in real time, and to estimate the impedance distribution. Taking into consideration the features of the system and biological tissues, the problem has been addressed in three phases: modeling, control system design and simulation testing. In the first phase, a finite element analysis model has been proposed to reproduce the electric field distribution within the hepatic tissue, based on the characteristics of the electroporation system. Then, a control strategy has been proposed with the goal of ensuring complete ablation while minimizing the affected volume of healthy tissue. Finally, to check the feasibility of the proposal, several representative cases have been simulated, and the results have been compared with those obtained by a traditional system. The proposed method achieves the proposed goal, as part of a complex electroporation system designed to improve the targeting, effectiveness and control of electroporation treatments and serve to demonstrate the feasibility of developing new electroporation systems capable of adapting to changes in the preplanning of the treatment in real-time. The work presents a thorough study of control method to multi-output multi-electrode electroporation system by mean of a rigorous numerical simulation.Optimizing IRE targeting using multi-electrode structure and biomedical multi-output generator
Borja López-Alonso, Pablo Briz, Hector Sarnago, José M. Burdio, Oscar Lucia
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to study the feasibility of proposed method to focus the electroporation ablation by mean of multi-output multi-electrode system.

The proposed method has been developed based on a previously designed electroporation system, which has the capabilities to modify the electric field distribution in real time, and to estimate the impedance distribution. Taking into consideration the features of the system and biological tissues, the problem has been addressed in three phases: modeling, control system design and simulation testing. In the first phase, a finite element analysis model has been proposed to reproduce the electric field distribution within the hepatic tissue, based on the characteristics of the electroporation system. Then, a control strategy has been proposed with the goal of ensuring complete ablation while minimizing the affected volume of healthy tissue. Finally, to check the feasibility of the proposal, several representative cases have been simulated, and the results have been compared with those obtained by a traditional system.

The proposed method achieves the proposed goal, as part of a complex electroporation system designed to improve the targeting, effectiveness and control of electroporation treatments and serve to demonstrate the feasibility of developing new electroporation systems capable of adapting to changes in the preplanning of the treatment in real-time.

The work presents a thorough study of control method to multi-output multi-electrode electroporation system by mean of a rigorous numerical simulation.

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Optimizing IRE targeting using multi-electrode structure and biomedical multi-output generator10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0418COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-07© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedBorja López-AlonsoPablo BrizHector SarnagoJosé M. BurdioOscar LuciaCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0710.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0418https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-09-2023-0418/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Wind turbine emulator using three-phase IM controlled through an adaptive reactive power estimator fed by soft-VSI topologyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-10-2023-0529/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper aims to design a robust wind turbine emulator (WTE) based on a three-phase induction motor (3PIM). The 3PIM is driven by a soft voltage source inverter (VSI) controlled by a specific space vector modulation. By adjusting the appropriate vector sequence selection, the desired VSI output voltage allows a real wind turbine speed emulation in the laboratory, taking into account the wind profile, static and dynamic behaviors and parametric variations for theoretical and then experimental analysis. A Mexican hat profile and a sinusoidal profile are therefore used as the wind speed system input to highlight the electrical, mechanical and electromagnetic system response. The simulation results, based on relative error data, show that the proposed reactive power control method effectively estimates the flux and the rotor time constant, thus ensuring an accurate trajectory tracking of the wind speed for the wind emulation application. The proposed architecture achieves its results through the use of mathematical theory and WTE topology combine with an online adaptive estimator and Lyapunov stability adaptation control methods. These approaches are particularly relevant for low-cost or low-power alternative current (AC) motor drives in the field of renewable energy emulation. It has the advantage of eliminating the need for expensive and unreliable position transducers, thereby increasing the emulator drive life. A comparative analysis was also carried out to highlight the online adaptive estimator fast response time and accuracy.Wind turbine emulator using three-phase IM controlled through an adaptive reactive power estimator fed by soft-VSI topology
Mouna Zerzeri, Intissar Moussa, Adel Khedher
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper aims to design a robust wind turbine emulator (WTE) based on a three-phase induction motor (3PIM).

The 3PIM is driven by a soft voltage source inverter (VSI) controlled by a specific space vector modulation. By adjusting the appropriate vector sequence selection, the desired VSI output voltage allows a real wind turbine speed emulation in the laboratory, taking into account the wind profile, static and dynamic behaviors and parametric variations for theoretical and then experimental analysis. A Mexican hat profile and a sinusoidal profile are therefore used as the wind speed system input to highlight the electrical, mechanical and electromagnetic system response.

The simulation results, based on relative error data, show that the proposed reactive power control method effectively estimates the flux and the rotor time constant, thus ensuring an accurate trajectory tracking of the wind speed for the wind emulation application.

The proposed architecture achieves its results through the use of mathematical theory and WTE topology combine with an online adaptive estimator and Lyapunov stability adaptation control methods. These approaches are particularly relevant for low-cost or low-power alternative current (AC) motor drives in the field of renewable energy emulation. It has the advantage of eliminating the need for expensive and unreliable position transducers, thereby increasing the emulator drive life. A comparative analysis was also carried out to highlight the online adaptive estimator fast response time and accuracy.

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Wind turbine emulator using three-phase IM controlled through an adaptive reactive power estimator fed by soft-VSI topology10.1108/COMPEL-10-2023-0529COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-03-06© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMouna ZerzeriIntissar MoussaAdel KhedherCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-0610.1108/COMPEL-10-2023-0529https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-10-2023-0529/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Full harmonic spectrum calculation of magnetic pressures in synchronous permanent magnet machines based on a new realistic partial analytical model: application to SVPWM and DPWM2https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0564/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new method that allows to compare the magnetic pressures of different pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies in a fast and efficient way. The voltage harmonics are determined using the double Fourier integral. As for current harmonics and waveforms, a new generic model based on the Park transformation and a dq model of the machine was established taking saturation into consideration. The obtained analytical waveforms are then injected into a finite element software to compute magnetic pressures using nodal forces. The overall proposed method allows to accelerate the calculations and the comparison of different PWM strategies and operating points as an analytical model is used to generate current waveforms. While the analytical expressions of voltage harmonics are already provided in the literature for the space vector pulse width modulation, they had to be calculated for the discontinuous pulse width modulation. In this paper, the obtained expressions are provided. For current harmonics, different models based on a linear and a nonlinear model of the machine are presented in the referenced papers; however, these models are not generic and are limited to the second range of harmonics (two times the switching frequency). A new generic model is then established and used in this paper after being validated experimentally. And finally, the direct injection of analytical current waveforms in a finite element software to perform any magnetic computation is very efficient.Full harmonic spectrum calculation of magnetic pressures in synchronous permanent magnet machines based on a new realistic partial analytical model: application to SVPWM and DPWM2
Salma Benharref, Vincent Lanfranchi, Daniel Depernet, Tahar Hamiti, Sara Bazhar
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method that allows to compare the magnetic pressures of different pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies in a fast and efficient way.

The voltage harmonics are determined using the double Fourier integral. As for current harmonics and waveforms, a new generic model based on the Park transformation and a dq model of the machine was established taking saturation into consideration. The obtained analytical waveforms are then injected into a finite element software to compute magnetic pressures using nodal forces.

The overall proposed method allows to accelerate the calculations and the comparison of different PWM strategies and operating points as an analytical model is used to generate current waveforms.

While the analytical expressions of voltage harmonics are already provided in the literature for the space vector pulse width modulation, they had to be calculated for the discontinuous pulse width modulation. In this paper, the obtained expressions are provided. For current harmonics, different models based on a linear and a nonlinear model of the machine are presented in the referenced papers; however, these models are not generic and are limited to the second range of harmonics (two times the switching frequency). A new generic model is then established and used in this paper after being validated experimentally. And finally, the direct injection of analytical current waveforms in a finite element software to perform any magnetic computation is very efficient.

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Full harmonic spectrum calculation of magnetic pressures in synchronous permanent magnet machines based on a new realistic partial analytical model: application to SVPWM and DPWM210.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0564COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-03-12© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedSalma BenharrefVincent LanfranchiDaniel DepernetTahar HamitiSara BazharCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1210.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0564https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0564/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
A new approach for the flashover voltage prediction using an arc propagation reproduction on a high-voltage insulatorhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0569/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to introduce a new numerical model that predicts the flashover voltage (FOV) value in the presence of polluted air surrounding a high-voltage insulator. The model focuses on simulating the propagation of arcs and aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of FOV predictions under these specific conditions. This arc propagation method connecting the high voltage fitting and the grounded insulator cap involves a two-step process. First, the electric field distribution in the vicinity of the insulator is obtained using finite element method analysis software. Subsequently, critical areas with intense electric field strength are identified. Random points within these critical areas are then selected as initial points for simulating the growth of electric arcs. by increasing the electric voltage applied to the insulator fittings, the arc path is, step by step, generated until a breakdown occurs on the polluted air surrounding the insulator surface, and thus a prediction of the FOV value. The proposed model for the FOV prediction can be a very interesting alternative to dangerous and costly experimental tests requiring an investment in time and materials. Some works were done trying to reproduce discharge propagation but it was always with simplified models such as propagation in one direction from a point to a plane. The difficulty and the originality of the present work is the geometry complexity of the insulator with arc propagation in three distinct directions that will require several proliferation conditions.A new approach for the flashover voltage prediction using an arc propagation reproduction on a high-voltage insulator
Dyhia Doufene, Samira Benharat, Abdelmoumen Essmine, Oussama Bouzegaou, Slimane Bouazabia
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to introduce a new numerical model that predicts the flashover voltage (FOV) value in the presence of polluted air surrounding a high-voltage insulator. The model focuses on simulating the propagation of arcs and aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of FOV predictions under these specific conditions.

This arc propagation method connecting the high voltage fitting and the grounded insulator cap involves a two-step process. First, the electric field distribution in the vicinity of the insulator is obtained using finite element method analysis software. Subsequently, critical areas with intense electric field strength are identified. Random points within these critical areas are then selected as initial points for simulating the growth of electric arcs.

by increasing the electric voltage applied to the insulator fittings, the arc path is, step by step, generated until a breakdown occurs on the polluted air surrounding the insulator surface, and thus a prediction of the FOV value.

The proposed model for the FOV prediction can be a very interesting alternative to dangerous and costly experimental tests requiring an investment in time and materials.

Some works were done trying to reproduce discharge propagation but it was always with simplified models such as propagation in one direction from a point to a plane. The difficulty and the originality of the present work is the geometry complexity of the insulator with arc propagation in three distinct directions that will require several proliferation conditions.

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A new approach for the flashover voltage prediction using an arc propagation reproduction on a high-voltage insulator10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0569COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-26© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedDyhia DoufeneSamira BenharatAbdelmoumen EssmineOussama BouzegaouSlimane BouazabiaCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2610.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0569https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0569/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Comparison of simulations of the gas conduction in HVDC GIL by application of nonlinear conductivity model and ion-drift-diffusion modelhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0575/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestGas insulated systems, such as gas insulated lines (GIL), use insulating gas, mostly sulfur hexalfluoride (SF6), to enable a higher dielectric strength compared to e.g. air. However, under high voltage direct current conditions, charge accumulation and electric field stress may occur, which may lead to partial discharge or system failure. Therefore, numerical simulations are used to design the system and determine the electric field and charge distribution. Although the gas conduction shows a more complex current–voltage characteristic compared to solid insulation, the electric conductivity of the SF6 gas is set as constant in most works. The purpose of this study is to investigate different approaches to address the conduction in the gas properly for numerical simulations. In this work, two approaches are investigated to address the conduction in the insulating gas and are compared to each other. One method is an ion-drift-diffusion model, where the conduction in the gas is described by the ion motion in the SF6 gas. However, this method is computationally expensive. Alternatively, a less complex approach is an electro-thermal model with the application of an electric conductivity model for the SF6 gas. Measurements show that the electric conductivity in the SF6 gas has a nonlinear dependency on temperature, electric field and gas pressure. From these measurements, an electric conductivity model was developed. Both methods are compared by simulation results, where different parameters and conditions are considered, to investigate the potential of the electric conductivity model as a computationally less expensive alternative. The simulation results of both simulation approaches show similar results, proving the electric conductivity for the SF6 gas as a valid alternative. Using the electro-thermal model approach with the application of the electric conductivity model enables a solution time up to six times faster compared to the ion-drift-diffusion model. The application of the model allows to examine the influence of different parameters such as temperature and gas pressure on the electric field distribution in the GIL, whereas the ion-drift-diffusion model enables to investigate the distribution of homo- and heteropolar charges in the insulation gas. This work presents numerical simulation models for high voltage direct current GIL, where the conduction in the SF6 gas is described more precisely compared to a definition of a constant electric conductivity value for the insulation gas. The electric conductivity model for the SF6 gas allows for consideration of the current–voltage characteristics of the gas, is computationally less expensive compared to an ion-drift diffusion model and needs considerably less solution time.Comparison of simulations of the gas conduction in HVDC GIL by application of nonlinear conductivity model and ion-drift-diffusion model
Hendrik Hensel, Markus Clemens
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Gas insulated systems, such as gas insulated lines (GIL), use insulating gas, mostly sulfur hexalfluoride (SF6), to enable a higher dielectric strength compared to e.g. air. However, under high voltage direct current conditions, charge accumulation and electric field stress may occur, which may lead to partial discharge or system failure. Therefore, numerical simulations are used to design the system and determine the electric field and charge distribution. Although the gas conduction shows a more complex current–voltage characteristic compared to solid insulation, the electric conductivity of the SF6 gas is set as constant in most works. The purpose of this study is to investigate different approaches to address the conduction in the gas properly for numerical simulations.

In this work, two approaches are investigated to address the conduction in the insulating gas and are compared to each other. One method is an ion-drift-diffusion model, where the conduction in the gas is described by the ion motion in the SF6 gas. However, this method is computationally expensive. Alternatively, a less complex approach is an electro-thermal model with the application of an electric conductivity model for the SF6 gas. Measurements show that the electric conductivity in the SF6 gas has a nonlinear dependency on temperature, electric field and gas pressure. From these measurements, an electric conductivity model was developed. Both methods are compared by simulation results, where different parameters and conditions are considered, to investigate the potential of the electric conductivity model as a computationally less expensive alternative.

The simulation results of both simulation approaches show similar results, proving the electric conductivity for the SF6 gas as a valid alternative. Using the electro-thermal model approach with the application of the electric conductivity model enables a solution time up to six times faster compared to the ion-drift-diffusion model. The application of the model allows to examine the influence of different parameters such as temperature and gas pressure on the electric field distribution in the GIL, whereas the ion-drift-diffusion model enables to investigate the distribution of homo- and heteropolar charges in the insulation gas.

This work presents numerical simulation models for high voltage direct current GIL, where the conduction in the SF6 gas is described more precisely compared to a definition of a constant electric conductivity value for the insulation gas. The electric conductivity model for the SF6 gas allows for consideration of the current–voltage characteristics of the gas, is computationally less expensive compared to an ion-drift diffusion model and needs considerably less solution time.

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Comparison of simulations of the gas conduction in HVDC GIL by application of nonlinear conductivity model and ion-drift-diffusion model10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0575COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-03-11© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedHendrik HenselMarkus ClemensCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1110.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0575https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0575/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Analysis of data-driven approaches for radar target classificationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0576/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study focuses on the classification of targets with varying shapes using radar cross section (RCS), which is influenced by the target’s shape. This study aims to develop a robust classification method by considering an incident angle with minor random fluctuations and using a physical optics simulation to generate data sets. The approach involves several supervised machine learning and classification methods, including traditional algorithms and a deep neural network classifier. It uses histogram-based definitions of the RCS for feature extraction, with an emphasis on resilience against noise in the RCS data. Data enrichment techniques are incorporated, including the use of noise-impacted histogram data sets. The classification algorithms are extensively evaluated, highlighting their efficacy in feature extraction from RCS histograms. Among the studied algorithms, the K-nearest neighbour is found to be the most accurate of the traditional methods, but it is surpassed in accuracy by a deep learning network classifier. The results demonstrate the robustness of the feature extraction from the RCS histograms, motivated by mm-wave radar applications. This study presents a novel approach to target classification that extends beyond traditional methods by integrating deep neural networks and focusing on histogram-based methodologies. It also incorporates data enrichment techniques to enhance the analysis, providing a comprehensive perspective for target detection using RCS.Analysis of data-driven approaches for radar target classification
Aysu Coşkun, Sándor Bilicz
COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study focuses on the classification of targets with varying shapes using radar cross section (RCS), which is influenced by the target’s shape. This study aims to develop a robust classification method by considering an incident angle with minor random fluctuations and using a physical optics simulation to generate data sets.

The approach involves several supervised machine learning and classification methods, including traditional algorithms and a deep neural network classifier. It uses histogram-based definitions of the RCS for feature extraction, with an emphasis on resilience against noise in the RCS data. Data enrichment techniques are incorporated, including the use of noise-impacted histogram data sets.

The classification algorithms are extensively evaluated, highlighting their efficacy in feature extraction from RCS histograms. Among the studied algorithms, the K-nearest neighbour is found to be the most accurate of the traditional methods, but it is surpassed in accuracy by a deep learning network classifier. The results demonstrate the robustness of the feature extraction from the RCS histograms, motivated by mm-wave radar applications.

This study presents a novel approach to target classification that extends beyond traditional methods by integrating deep neural networks and focusing on histogram-based methodologies. It also incorporates data enrichment techniques to enhance the analysis, providing a comprehensive perspective for target detection using RCS.

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Analysis of data-driven approaches for radar target classification10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0576COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering2024-02-21© 2024 Aysu Coşkun and Sándor Bilicz.Aysu CoşkunSándor BiliczCOMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineeringahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2110.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0576https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/COMPEL-11-2023-0576/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Aysu Coşkun and Sándor Bilicz.http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode