Journal of Small Business and Enterprise DevelopmentTable of Contents for Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. List of articles from the current issue, including Just Accepted (EarlyCite)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1462-6004/vol/31/iss/8?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestJournal of Small Business and Enterprise DevelopmentEmerald Publishing LimitedJournal of Small Business and Enterprise DevelopmentJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmenthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/journal/c01f84eb045c39330bd42133eb13652c/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:jsbed.cover.jpghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1462-6004/vol/31/iss/8?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestForecasting entrepreneurial motivations and actions: development and validation of the entrepreneurial trigger scalehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-06-2022-0274/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the insights of founding entrepreneurs to understand what they consider as motivating factors in their decision to act upon entrepreneurial intentions. Using this information, the entrepreneurial trigger event influence was conceptualized, and a scale developed for use in subsequent testable models. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to construct an instrument that measures the presence and influence of entrepreneurial behavior triggers. The concept of triggering events was explored with 14 founding entrepreneurs. Themes emerged from this enquiry process which informed the development of four primary entrepreneurial triggering events. Over 600 entrepreneurs participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dimensions of entrepreneurial triggers and was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Entrepreneurs perceive that personal fulfillment and job dissatisfaction serve as two significant trigger events which will lead individuals to engage in entrepreneurial behaviors. This research supports theorizing that suggests entrepreneurial trigger events have influence in motivating individuals to act upon entrepreneurial intentions and some trigger events may have more influence toward behavior than others. This research is subject to multiple limitations. Trigger events were limited to those identified in literature and the interviews. Most entrepreneurs participating in this study were from a limited geographic region. The entrepreneurs in this study reported their triggering event based on their memory which could have been affected by inaccurate recall or memory bias. No attempt has been made to model the comparative effects of the different variables on entrepreneurial outcomes. Finally, the entrepreneurial trigger event instrument did not measure the participant's demographics or psychographics which could have played a role in the influence of reported trigger event. This study extends previous research that trigger events serve as catalysts for entrepreneurial behavior. Findings support the premise that different types of triggers have different levels of influence as antecedents of entrepreneurial behavior. Specifically, positive, negative, internal and external entrepreneurial triggering events were explicated. The Entrepreneurial Trigger Event Scale created to facilitate this study enables researchers to explore the effects of types and perceived influences of precipitating trigger events on the intentions of the individual that result in entrepreneurial behavior. The optimized instrument further expanded Shapero's (1975) proposed theory of the origins of entrepreneurial behavior. The development of a scale provides researchers with the opportunity to include the influence of entrepreneurial trigger events, as perceived by entrepreneurs, in future testable models. Entrepreneurial development organizations can use the knowledge to assist in understanding when potential entrepreneurs may act upon entrepreneurial intentions. Information gained can have significant implications for understanding the initiation of entrepreneurial behavior, entity establishment and business growth. This research responds to a call for investigation into the influence of entrepreneurial trigger events on a person's decision to act upon entrepreneurial intentions. It is an early attempt to conceptualize a relevant construct of entrepreneurial trigger event influence and to develop a scale for use in empirical testing. It is distinguished by using planned behaviors, push and pull, motivation and drive reduction theories. These theories are applied to the perceptions of successful entrepreneurs to develop a construct and validate it.Forecasting entrepreneurial motivations and actions: development and validation of the entrepreneurial trigger scale
Peter John Kuvshinikov, Joseph Timothy Kuvshinikov
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp.1-21

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the insights of founding entrepreneurs to understand what they consider as motivating factors in their decision to act upon entrepreneurial intentions. Using this information, the entrepreneurial trigger event influence was conceptualized, and a scale developed for use in subsequent testable models.

Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to construct an instrument that measures the presence and influence of entrepreneurial behavior triggers. The concept of triggering events was explored with 14 founding entrepreneurs. Themes emerged from this enquiry process which informed the development of four primary entrepreneurial triggering events. Over 600 entrepreneurs participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dimensions of entrepreneurial triggers and was tested using confirmatory factor analysis.

Entrepreneurs perceive that personal fulfillment and job dissatisfaction serve as two significant trigger events which will lead individuals to engage in entrepreneurial behaviors. This research supports theorizing that suggests entrepreneurial trigger events have influence in motivating individuals to act upon entrepreneurial intentions and some trigger events may have more influence toward behavior than others.

This research is subject to multiple limitations. Trigger events were limited to those identified in literature and the interviews. Most entrepreneurs participating in this study were from a limited geographic region. The entrepreneurs in this study reported their triggering event based on their memory which could have been affected by inaccurate recall or memory bias. No attempt has been made to model the comparative effects of the different variables on entrepreneurial outcomes. Finally, the entrepreneurial trigger event instrument did not measure the participant's demographics or psychographics which could have played a role in the influence of reported trigger event.

This study extends previous research that trigger events serve as catalysts for entrepreneurial behavior. Findings support the premise that different types of triggers have different levels of influence as antecedents of entrepreneurial behavior. Specifically, positive, negative, internal and external entrepreneurial triggering events were explicated. The Entrepreneurial Trigger Event Scale created to facilitate this study enables researchers to explore the effects of types and perceived influences of precipitating trigger events on the intentions of the individual that result in entrepreneurial behavior. The optimized instrument further expanded Shapero's (1975) proposed theory of the origins of entrepreneurial behavior.

The development of a scale provides researchers with the opportunity to include the influence of entrepreneurial trigger events, as perceived by entrepreneurs, in future testable models. Entrepreneurial development organizations can use the knowledge to assist in understanding when potential entrepreneurs may act upon entrepreneurial intentions. Information gained can have significant implications for understanding the initiation of entrepreneurial behavior, entity establishment and business growth.

This research responds to a call for investigation into the influence of entrepreneurial trigger events on a person's decision to act upon entrepreneurial intentions. It is an early attempt to conceptualize a relevant construct of entrepreneurial trigger event influence and to develop a scale for use in empirical testing. It is distinguished by using planned behaviors, push and pull, motivation and drive reduction theories. These theories are applied to the perceptions of successful entrepreneurs to develop a construct and validate it.

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Forecasting entrepreneurial motivations and actions: development and validation of the entrepreneurial trigger scale10.1108/JSBED-06-2022-0274Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-07-11© 2023 Peter John Kuvshinikov and Joseph Timothy KuvshinikovPeter John KuvshinikovJoseph Timothy KuvshinikovJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Development3182023-07-1110.1108/JSBED-06-2022-0274https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-06-2022-0274/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Peter John Kuvshinikov and Joseph Timothy Kuvshinikovhttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Business model innovation: harnessing big data analytics and digital transformation in hostile environmentshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-10-2022-0424/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe literature mainly concentrates on the relationships between externally oriented digital transformation (ExtDT), big data analytics capability (BDAC) and business model innovation (BMI) from an intra-organizational perspective. However, it is acknowledged that the external environment shapes the firm's strategy and affects innovation outcomes. Embracing an external environment perspective, the authors aim to fill this gap. The authors develop and test a moderated mediation model linking ExtDT to BMI. Drawing on the dynamic capabilities view, the authors' model posits that the effect of ExtDT on BMI is mediated by BDAC, while environmental hostility (EH) moderates these relationships. The authors adopt a quantitative approach based on bootstrapped partial least square-path modeling (PLS-PM) to analyze a sample of 200 Italian data-driven SMEs. The results highlight that ExtDT and BDAC positively affect BMI. The findings also indicate that ExtDT is an antecedent of BMI that is less disruptive than BDAC. The authors also obtain that ExtDT solely does not lead to BDAC. Interestingly, the effect of BDAC on BMI increases when EH moderates the relationship. Analyzing the relationships between ExtDT, BDAC and BMI from an external environment perspective is an underexplored area of research. The authors contribute to this topic by evaluating how EH interacts with ExtDT and BDAC toward BMI.Business model innovation: harnessing big data analytics and digital transformation in hostile environments
Andrea Ciacci, Lara Penco
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp.22-46

The literature mainly concentrates on the relationships between externally oriented digital transformation (ExtDT), big data analytics capability (BDAC) and business model innovation (BMI) from an intra-organizational perspective. However, it is acknowledged that the external environment shapes the firm's strategy and affects innovation outcomes. Embracing an external environment perspective, the authors aim to fill this gap. The authors develop and test a moderated mediation model linking ExtDT to BMI. Drawing on the dynamic capabilities view, the authors' model posits that the effect of ExtDT on BMI is mediated by BDAC, while environmental hostility (EH) moderates these relationships.

The authors adopt a quantitative approach based on bootstrapped partial least square-path modeling (PLS-PM) to analyze a sample of 200 Italian data-driven SMEs.

The results highlight that ExtDT and BDAC positively affect BMI. The findings also indicate that ExtDT is an antecedent of BMI that is less disruptive than BDAC. The authors also obtain that ExtDT solely does not lead to BDAC. Interestingly, the effect of BDAC on BMI increases when EH moderates the relationship.

Analyzing the relationships between ExtDT, BDAC and BMI from an external environment perspective is an underexplored area of research. The authors contribute to this topic by evaluating how EH interacts with ExtDT and BDAC toward BMI.

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Business model innovation: harnessing big data analytics and digital transformation in hostile environments10.1108/JSBED-10-2022-0424Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-10-09© 2023 Andrea Ciacci and Lara PencoAndrea CiacciLara PencoJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Development3182023-10-0910.1108/JSBED-10-2022-0424https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-10-2022-0424/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Andrea Ciacci and Lara Pencohttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Identifying entrepreneurial opportunities during crises: a qualitative study of Italian firmshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0159/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRecognizing novel entrepreneurial opportunities arising from a crisis is of paramount importance for firms. Hence, understanding the pivotal factors that facilitate firms in this endeavor holds significant value. This study delves into such factors within a representative empirical context impacted by a crisis, drawing insights from existing literature on opportunity recognition during such tumultuous periods. The authors conducted a qualitative inspection of 14 Italian firms during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The authors collected a rich body of multi-source qualitative data, including 34 interviews (with senior managers and entrepreneurs) and secondary data (press releases, videos, web interviews, newspapers, reports and academic articles) in two phases (March–August 2020 and September–December 2020). The results suggest the existence of a process model of opportunity recognition during crises based on five entrepreneurial influencing factors (entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial proclivity, entrepreneurial personality and entrepreneurial purpose). Various scholars have highlighted that, in times of crises, it is not easy and indeed very challenging for entrepreneurs to identify novel entrepreneurial opportunities. However, recent research has shown that crises can also positively impact entrepreneurs and their capacity to identify new entrepreneurial opportunities. Given these findings, not much research has analyzed the process by which entrepreneurs identify novel entrepreneurial opportunities during crises. This study shows that some entrepreneurial influencing factors are very important to identify new entrepreneurial opportunities during crises.Identifying entrepreneurial opportunities during crises: a qualitative study of Italian firms
Valentina Cucino, Giulio Ferrigno, James Crick, Andrea Piccaluga
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp.47-76

Recognizing novel entrepreneurial opportunities arising from a crisis is of paramount importance for firms. Hence, understanding the pivotal factors that facilitate firms in this endeavor holds significant value. This study delves into such factors within a representative empirical context impacted by a crisis, drawing insights from existing literature on opportunity recognition during such tumultuous periods.

The authors conducted a qualitative inspection of 14 Italian firms during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The authors collected a rich body of multi-source qualitative data, including 34 interviews (with senior managers and entrepreneurs) and secondary data (press releases, videos, web interviews, newspapers, reports and academic articles) in two phases (March–August 2020 and September–December 2020).

The results suggest the existence of a process model of opportunity recognition during crises based on five entrepreneurial influencing factors (entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial proclivity, entrepreneurial personality and entrepreneurial purpose).

Various scholars have highlighted that, in times of crises, it is not easy and indeed very challenging for entrepreneurs to identify novel entrepreneurial opportunities. However, recent research has shown that crises can also positively impact entrepreneurs and their capacity to identify new entrepreneurial opportunities. Given these findings, not much research has analyzed the process by which entrepreneurs identify novel entrepreneurial opportunities during crises. This study shows that some entrepreneurial influencing factors are very important to identify new entrepreneurial opportunities during crises.

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Identifying entrepreneurial opportunities during crises: a qualitative study of Italian firms10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0159Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-01-16© 2023 Valentina Cucino, Giulio Ferrigno, James Crick and Andrea PiccalugaValentina CucinoGiulio FerrignoJames CrickAndrea PiccalugaJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Development3182024-01-1610.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0159https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0159/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Valentina Cucino, Giulio Ferrigno, James Crick and Andrea Piccalugahttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Smart cities and economic development: synergies among technology, social forces and female entrepreneurshiphttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0042/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to investigate the synergies between the economic environment and the smart living dimension embedded in the current smart city initiatives, focusing on the localization of female entrepreneurship in contemporary cities. This interaction is under-investigated and controversial as it includes cities' practices enabling users and citizens to develop their potential and build their own lives, affecting entrepreneurial and economic outcomes. Building upon the perspective of the innovation ecosystems, this study focuses on the impact of smart living dimensions and R&D investments on the localization of female entrepreneurial activities. The study uses a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and a panel dataset that considers 30 Italian smart city projects for 12 years to demonstrate the relationship between smart living practices in cities and the localization of female entrepreneurship. The complementary effect of public R&D investment is also included as a driver in the “smart” city transition. The study found that the advancement of smart living practices in cities drives the localization of female entrepreneurship. The study highlights the empirical results, the interaction over the years and a current overview through choropleth maps. The public R&D investment also affects this relationship. This study advances the theoretical discussion on (1) female entrepreneurial intentions, (2) smart city advancement (as a context) and (3) smart living dimension (as a driver) and offers valuable insight for governance and policymakers. This study offers empirical contributions to the preliminary academic debate on enterprise development and smart city trajectories at the intersection between human-based practices and female entrepreneurship. This study offers empirical contributions to the preliminary academic debate on enterprise development and smart city trajectories at the intersection between human-based practices and female entrepreneurship. The findings provide valuable insights into the localization of female entrepreneurship in the context of smart cities.Smart cities and economic development: synergies among technology, social forces and female entrepreneurship
Filippo Marchesani, Francesca Masciarelli
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp.77-104

This study aims to investigate the synergies between the economic environment and the smart living dimension embedded in the current smart city initiatives, focusing on the localization of female entrepreneurship in contemporary cities. This interaction is under-investigated and controversial as it includes cities' practices enabling users and citizens to develop their potential and build their own lives, affecting entrepreneurial and economic outcomes. Building upon the perspective of the innovation ecosystems, this study focuses on the impact of smart living dimensions and R&D investments on the localization of female entrepreneurial activities.

The study uses a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and a panel dataset that considers 30 Italian smart city projects for 12 years to demonstrate the relationship between smart living practices in cities and the localization of female entrepreneurship. The complementary effect of public R&D investment is also included as a driver in the “smart” city transition.

The study found that the advancement of smart living practices in cities drives the localization of female entrepreneurship. The study highlights the empirical results, the interaction over the years and a current overview through choropleth maps. The public R&D investment also affects this relationship.

This study advances the theoretical discussion on (1) female entrepreneurial intentions, (2) smart city advancement (as a context) and (3) smart living dimension (as a driver) and offers valuable insight for governance and policymakers.

This study offers empirical contributions to the preliminary academic debate on enterprise development and smart city trajectories at the intersection between human-based practices and female entrepreneurship.

This study offers empirical contributions to the preliminary academic debate on enterprise development and smart city trajectories at the intersection between human-based practices and female entrepreneurship. The findings provide valuable insights into the localization of female entrepreneurship in the context of smart cities.

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Smart cities and economic development: synergies among technology, social forces and female entrepreneurship10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0042Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-01-31© 2024 Filippo Marchesani and Francesca MasciarelliFilippo MarchesaniFrancesca MasciarelliJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Development3182024-01-3110.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0042https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0042/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Filippo Marchesani and Francesca Masciarellihttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Entrepreneurial leadership in online freelancing: bricolage and project successhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0007/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe research study provides empirical insights on the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership (EL), entrepreneurial passion for founding (EPF), entrepreneurial bricolage (EB) and project success (PS), in the case of freelancers. The study aims to get a better understanding of whether freelancers, who behave like entrepreneurial leaders, can successfully complete projects through EB. The study collected data from 209 freelancers through snowball sampling, in two waves, with a time-lag of fourteen days, to better examine the causality of variables. Data were analyzed by Model No. 4 and 7 (i.e. mediation and moderation, respectively) of Process macro. Drawing on the effectuation theory, the results show that EB mediates the relationship between EL and PS and EPF moderates this relationship. The freelancers can formally establish businesses later, after knowing whether they can complete these new types of projects. These online freelancing platforms can provide special services to freelancers who first want to test their skills on unrelated projects. In sum, the paper suggests that freelancers can be successful entrepreneurial leaders. The EL, EPF, EB and PS are studied in the context of the informal sector, i.e. freelancing, which is the emerging working style in the world. It provides an in-depth understanding of phenomena in freelancers that lacks background literature.Entrepreneurial leadership in online freelancing: bricolage and project success
Mansoor Ahmed, Lorenzo Lucianetti
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp.105-124

The research study provides empirical insights on the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership (EL), entrepreneurial passion for founding (EPF), entrepreneurial bricolage (EB) and project success (PS), in the case of freelancers. The study aims to get a better understanding of whether freelancers, who behave like entrepreneurial leaders, can successfully complete projects through EB.

The study collected data from 209 freelancers through snowball sampling, in two waves, with a time-lag of fourteen days, to better examine the causality of variables. Data were analyzed by Model No. 4 and 7 (i.e. mediation and moderation, respectively) of Process macro.

Drawing on the effectuation theory, the results show that EB mediates the relationship between EL and PS and EPF moderates this relationship.

The freelancers can formally establish businesses later, after knowing whether they can complete these new types of projects. These online freelancing platforms can provide special services to freelancers who first want to test their skills on unrelated projects. In sum, the paper suggests that freelancers can be successful entrepreneurial leaders.

The EL, EPF, EB and PS are studied in the context of the informal sector, i.e. freelancing, which is the emerging working style in the world. It provides an in-depth understanding of phenomena in freelancers that lacks background literature.

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Entrepreneurial leadership in online freelancing: bricolage and project success10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0007Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-03-19© 2024 Mansoor Ahmed and Lorenzo LucianettiMansoor AhmedLorenzo LucianettiJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Development3182024-03-1910.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0007https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0007/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Mansoor Ahmed and Lorenzo Lucianettihttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Holistic implementations of green supply chain management practices in Thai entrepreneurial ventureshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0001/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTo critically examine the holistic implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in entrepreneurial ventures in Thailand. The study observed 121 organizations (or respondents) covering 13 industries from both the public and private sectors. The research process started with a semi-structured interview and observation, followed by focus group interviews. The data collected were then analyzed using content and thematic analysis methods. Respondents (chiefly entrepreneurial ventures) have good eco-knowledge. Most have more than 3–10 years of experience implementing eco practices that have significantly reduced their eco-impacts and costs. The study also revealed that firms’ directors developed environmental management systems (EMS) and cultures of their firms. This study rejected previously held beliefs that factors including country, firm size, industry type, years of activity and certification, impact both positively and negatively on green performance. However, the influence of top management, green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO), respondents’ different perceptions of the GSCM boundary and the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the success of GSCM’s implementation. The COVID-19 pandemic obstructed observing GSCM implementation at the respondents’ workplaces. This could reduce the validity of the research, as all evidence obtained was selectively provided by the respondents, not the researchers. New practitioners are encouraged to focus on green logistics (GL) at a firm level as opposed to the broader supply chain. Effective GL practices recommended utilities usage reduction, reuse/recycle waste and green procurement. GSCM researchers should focus on patterns of over-consumption, over-trading and relevant institutions that cause environmental unsustainability, rather than specific units in supply chains. The Buddhist sustainable sufficiency concept should be considered as a viable lens to analyze GSCM as it complements existing theories.Holistic implementations of green supply chain management practices in Thai entrepreneurial ventures
Thianthip Bandoophanit
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

To critically examine the holistic implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in entrepreneurial ventures in Thailand.

The study observed 121 organizations (or respondents) covering 13 industries from both the public and private sectors. The research process started with a semi-structured interview and observation, followed by focus group interviews. The data collected were then analyzed using content and thematic analysis methods.

Respondents (chiefly entrepreneurial ventures) have good eco-knowledge. Most have more than 3–10 years of experience implementing eco practices that have significantly reduced their eco-impacts and costs. The study also revealed that firms’ directors developed environmental management systems (EMS) and cultures of their firms. This study rejected previously held beliefs that factors including country, firm size, industry type, years of activity and certification, impact both positively and negatively on green performance. However, the influence of top management, green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO), respondents’ different perceptions of the GSCM boundary and the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the success of GSCM’s implementation.

The COVID-19 pandemic obstructed observing GSCM implementation at the respondents’ workplaces. This could reduce the validity of the research, as all evidence obtained was selectively provided by the respondents, not the researchers.

New practitioners are encouraged to focus on green logistics (GL) at a firm level as opposed to the broader supply chain. Effective GL practices recommended utilities usage reduction, reuse/recycle waste and green procurement.

GSCM researchers should focus on patterns of over-consumption, over-trading and relevant institutions that cause environmental unsustainability, rather than specific units in supply chains. The Buddhist sustainable sufficiency concept should be considered as a viable lens to analyze GSCM as it complements existing theories.

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Holistic implementations of green supply chain management practices in Thai entrepreneurial ventures10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0001Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-20© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedThianthip BandoophanitJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2010.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0001https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0001/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Entrepreneurial orientation and Palestinian family-owned businesses: does governance or geographic location make a difference?https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0045/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis article explores the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), governance and geographic location on the performance of Palestinian family-owned businesses. This quantitative study uses data collected in the fall of 2022 from 180 Palestinian-owned family companies – 90 were located in Palestine and the other 90 were located in the USA. Using R software, multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between the constructs that formed the study's conceptual framework. The results indicate that (1) the risk-taking, innovation and proactiveness dimensions of EO have a significant positive impact on the performance of Palestinian family-owned businesses; (2) Governance moderates the EO dimensions of risk-taking and proactiveness on the performance of Palestinian family-owned companies and (3) geographic location does not moderate the relationship between the EO and performance of Palestinian-owned family businesses. The current intensified conflict in Palestine warrants exploring the role Palestinian family-owned businesses worldwide can play in rebuilding the local economies of Gaza and the West Bank. The following years will be crucial in determining how proactive risk-taking and innovation will support regional recovery and augment the entrepreneurial and reinvestment capacity of diasporic and home country-based Palestinian family-owned firms. Thus, our study into factors that might enhance these businesses' performance and growth potential is pertinent. A further contribution of this study is new insight into the particularities of Palestinian family-owned businesses, augmenting general theories associated with ethnic and diasporic entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurial orientation and Palestinian family-owned businesses: does governance or geographic location make a difference?
Suhail Sultan, Monika Hudson, Nojoud Habash, Wasim I.M. Sultan, Naser Izhiman
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This article explores the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), governance and geographic location on the performance of Palestinian family-owned businesses.

This quantitative study uses data collected in the fall of 2022 from 180 Palestinian-owned family companies – 90 were located in Palestine and the other 90 were located in the USA. Using R software, multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between the constructs that formed the study's conceptual framework.

The results indicate that (1) the risk-taking, innovation and proactiveness dimensions of EO have a significant positive impact on the performance of Palestinian family-owned businesses; (2) Governance moderates the EO dimensions of risk-taking and proactiveness on the performance of Palestinian family-owned companies and (3) geographic location does not moderate the relationship between the EO and performance of Palestinian-owned family businesses.

The current intensified conflict in Palestine warrants exploring the role Palestinian family-owned businesses worldwide can play in rebuilding the local economies of Gaza and the West Bank. The following years will be crucial in determining how proactive risk-taking and innovation will support regional recovery and augment the entrepreneurial and reinvestment capacity of diasporic and home country-based Palestinian family-owned firms. Thus, our study into factors that might enhance these businesses' performance and growth potential is pertinent. A further contribution of this study is new insight into the particularities of Palestinian family-owned businesses, augmenting general theories associated with ethnic and diasporic entrepreneurship.

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Entrepreneurial orientation and Palestinian family-owned businesses: does governance or geographic location make a difference?10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0045Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-20© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedSuhail SultanMonika HudsonNojoud HabashWasim I.M. SultanNaser IzhimanJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2010.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0045https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0045/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Entrepreneurial education and intention: fear of failure, self-efficacy and genderhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-02-2023-0057/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis research adopts the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and a moderated mediation model to investigate the moderating impacts of entrepreneurial fear of failure (FOF) and gender on the direct and mediation relationships between entrepreneurial education (EE), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial intention (EI). The authors utilized a three-phase random sampling to compile a dataset from 1,890 graduate students from nine universities and higher education institutions in Vietnam. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the key study variables were reliable and valid. Harman's single-factor method and other tests of analysis assumptions ruled out common method bias and other confounding factors. The authors utilized the PROCESS macro to test a hypothesized moderated mediation model that included direct, indirect and conditional indirect effects. The findings yield that ESE partially and positively mediates the relation between EE and EI. FOF was found to negatively moderate the impacts of EE on ESE and EI, and the direct effect of ESE on EI among females is stronger than among males. More importantly, the mediation influence of FOF on the linkage between EE and EI becomes weaker when the level of FOF is high, yet this mediation relationship among females is higher than among males at all levels of FOF. The results of this research are valuable for educators, policymakers and practitioners so that they may inspire individuals' entrepreneurial pursuits, especially those of female entrepreneurs. This study significantly contributes to the entrepreneurship and gender literature by applying the SCCT to elucidate the moderated mediation impacts of FOF, ESE and gender on the relationship between EE and EI.Entrepreneurial education and intention: fear of failure, self-efficacy and gender
Cong Doanh Duong, Ngoc Xuan Vu
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This research adopts the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and a moderated mediation model to investigate the moderating impacts of entrepreneurial fear of failure (FOF) and gender on the direct and mediation relationships between entrepreneurial education (EE), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial intention (EI).

The authors utilized a three-phase random sampling to compile a dataset from 1,890 graduate students from nine universities and higher education institutions in Vietnam. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the key study variables were reliable and valid. Harman's single-factor method and other tests of analysis assumptions ruled out common method bias and other confounding factors. The authors utilized the PROCESS macro to test a hypothesized moderated mediation model that included direct, indirect and conditional indirect effects.

The findings yield that ESE partially and positively mediates the relation between EE and EI. FOF was found to negatively moderate the impacts of EE on ESE and EI, and the direct effect of ESE on EI among females is stronger than among males. More importantly, the mediation influence of FOF on the linkage between EE and EI becomes weaker when the level of FOF is high, yet this mediation relationship among females is higher than among males at all levels of FOF.

The results of this research are valuable for educators, policymakers and practitioners so that they may inspire individuals' entrepreneurial pursuits, especially those of female entrepreneurs.

This study significantly contributes to the entrepreneurship and gender literature by applying the SCCT to elucidate the moderated mediation impacts of FOF, ESE and gender on the relationship between EE and EI.

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Entrepreneurial education and intention: fear of failure, self-efficacy and gender10.1108/JSBED-02-2023-0057Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-08-31© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedCong Doanh DuongNgoc Xuan VuJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-3110.1108/JSBED-02-2023-0057https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-02-2023-0057/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions: work values and the theory of planned behaviourhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0105/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this empirical study is to enable a better understanding of the construct sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) and thereby promote sustainable entrepreneurship. It aims to examine the significance of work values (extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards and job security) as antecedents of SEI and to test the mediating effect of three constructs derived from the theory of planned behaviour – attitude towards sustainability, perceived entrepreneurial desirability and perceived entrepreneurial feasibility on the relationships between work values and SEI. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed using analysis of moment structures v27 and statistical package for social science v28 on data obtained from the survey of young individuals of India. The respondents were students enrolled in higher education programmes. All the identified antecedents (extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards, job security and theory of planned behaviour constructs) were found to be statistically significant. The partial mediating effect of the theory of planned behaviour constructs was also reported. This empirical work leads to the theoretical advancement of the emerging construct, SEI, by presenting evidence of the significant individual-level antecedents of the construct. The results lead to recommendations for policymakers and educators to design strategies to strengthen SEI, thereby expanding the adoption of sustainable entrepreneurship.Sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions: work values and the theory of planned behaviour
Mayuri Srivastava, Shradha Shivani, Sraboni Dutta
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this empirical study is to enable a better understanding of the construct sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) and thereby promote sustainable entrepreneurship. It aims to examine the significance of work values (extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards and job security) as antecedents of SEI and to test the mediating effect of three constructs derived from the theory of planned behaviour – attitude towards sustainability, perceived entrepreneurial desirability and perceived entrepreneurial feasibility on the relationships between work values and SEI.

Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed using analysis of moment structures v27 and statistical package for social science v28 on data obtained from the survey of young individuals of India. The respondents were students enrolled in higher education programmes.

All the identified antecedents (extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards, job security and theory of planned behaviour constructs) were found to be statistically significant. The partial mediating effect of the theory of planned behaviour constructs was also reported.

This empirical work leads to the theoretical advancement of the emerging construct, SEI, by presenting evidence of the significant individual-level antecedents of the construct. The results lead to recommendations for policymakers and educators to design strategies to strengthen SEI, thereby expanding the adoption of sustainable entrepreneurship.

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Sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions: work values and the theory of planned behaviour10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0105Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-12-19© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMayuri SrivastavaShradha ShivaniSraboni DuttaJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-1910.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0105https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0105/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Globalization, entrepreneurial development and unemployment: a mediation analysis in the context of South Africahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0126/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study clarifies the intricate nature of globalization's impact on unemployment rates in South Africa. Given the heterogeneous views on globalization's effect on economic development, this study aims to offer a nuanced perspective. Furthermore, it aims to explore the mediating role of entrepreneurial development in shaping the complex relationship between globalization and unemployment. The study employs four key indicators to measure entrepreneurial development, globalization and unemployment rates in South Africa. Hierarchical regression is used to evaluate the relationship between globalization and unemployment rates, and how entrepreneurial development mediates this relationship. Additionally, both the Sobel test and bootstrapping analyses were employed to verify and validate the mediating relationship. The study demonstrates that globalization constitutes a crucial determinant of (un)employment rates in South Africa. The study shows that entrepreneurial development, specifically in the context of established business ownership, but not total early-stage entrepreneurial activity, exhibits an inverse relationship with unemployment rates. Moreover, it was observed that the positive impact of globalization on entrepreneurial development in South Africa becomes evident as SMEs advance to the established stage. The study's concentration on South Africa constrains the applicability of the results to other nations. Based on the findings of this study, it is essential for emerging economies, such as South Africa, to take measures to foster a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem that can aid in the growth and international competitiveness of young SMEs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study represents the first endeavor to analyze the potential impact of entrepreneurial development, as measured by both nascent and mature SMEs, on the correlation between globalization and unemployment.Globalization, entrepreneurial development and unemployment: a mediation analysis in the context of South Africa
Karikari Amoa-Gyarteng, Shepherd Dhliwayo
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study clarifies the intricate nature of globalization's impact on unemployment rates in South Africa. Given the heterogeneous views on globalization's effect on economic development, this study aims to offer a nuanced perspective. Furthermore, it aims to explore the mediating role of entrepreneurial development in shaping the complex relationship between globalization and unemployment.

The study employs four key indicators to measure entrepreneurial development, globalization and unemployment rates in South Africa. Hierarchical regression is used to evaluate the relationship between globalization and unemployment rates, and how entrepreneurial development mediates this relationship. Additionally, both the Sobel test and bootstrapping analyses were employed to verify and validate the mediating relationship.

The study demonstrates that globalization constitutes a crucial determinant of (un)employment rates in South Africa. The study shows that entrepreneurial development, specifically in the context of established business ownership, but not total early-stage entrepreneurial activity, exhibits an inverse relationship with unemployment rates. Moreover, it was observed that the positive impact of globalization on entrepreneurial development in South Africa becomes evident as SMEs advance to the established stage.

The study's concentration on South Africa constrains the applicability of the results to other nations.

Based on the findings of this study, it is essential for emerging economies, such as South Africa, to take measures to foster a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem that can aid in the growth and international competitiveness of young SMEs.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study represents the first endeavor to analyze the potential impact of entrepreneurial development, as measured by both nascent and mature SMEs, on the correlation between globalization and unemployment.

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Globalization, entrepreneurial development and unemployment: a mediation analysis in the context of South Africa10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0126Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-12-29© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedKarikari Amoa-GyartengShepherd DhliwayoJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-2910.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0126https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0126/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Untold stories of African American women entrepreneurs: research-based strategies for becoming one's own bosshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0140/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this research was to empirically examine the career transitions of mid-career African American women leaving traditional careers for entrepreneurship. The authors illustrate how transition theory and effectuation principles ameliorate an African American woman's transition to entrepreneurship. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with nine African American woman entrepreneurs. The data collected were evaluated through the lens of transition theory and effectuation theory. The study results show that despite being the chief officer, many African American women still face inequalities when negotiating business deals, interacting with partners and when seeking capital for their business. Effectuation theory partially supports an African American woman's career transition to entrepreneurship, but the theory does not fully address the unique experiences of this demographic. The results of this study reveal that effectuation principles do not fully explain the entrepreneurial career transition experiences of African American women. Theory development and extensions of existing theories should consider the potential discriminatory practices that limit financial resources and strategic partnerships for African American women entrepreneurs. The authors also advocate for consideration of identities, particularly related to gender and race, as factors that contribute to entrepreneurial experiences. The study findings support the notion that each woman's situation will be different and unique, requiring aspiring African American woman entrepreneurs to assess their individual situation. Consistent access to minority-specific programs can help aspiring African American women entrepreneurs visualize her new identity and provide the support needed to enhance her career transition. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, so each woman will need to craft her own individualized plan. Findings from this study solidify the role of African American women entrepreneurs as business leaders with influence and direct impact on the US economy. Their success enables African American women to contribute to more inclusive societies through their service to diverse members of society. In addition, their attainment of success serves as a testimony to aspiring African American women that entrepreneurial success is achievable, encouraging more diversity in entrepreneurship. Few entrepreneurial studies exist on both women and racial minorities, resulting in a paucity of strategies to support African American women throughout their entrepreneurial journey. The results of this study revealed barriers which require specific strategies to address discriminatory lending practices and acceptance when forging new business relationships.Untold stories of African American women entrepreneurs: research-based strategies for becoming one's own boss
Joanna F. Norman, Leah Aiken, Tomika W. Greer
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this research was to empirically examine the career transitions of mid-career African American women leaving traditional careers for entrepreneurship. The authors illustrate how transition theory and effectuation principles ameliorate an African American woman's transition to entrepreneurship.

The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with nine African American woman entrepreneurs. The data collected were evaluated through the lens of transition theory and effectuation theory.

The study results show that despite being the chief officer, many African American women still face inequalities when negotiating business deals, interacting with partners and when seeking capital for their business. Effectuation theory partially supports an African American woman's career transition to entrepreneurship, but the theory does not fully address the unique experiences of this demographic.

The results of this study reveal that effectuation principles do not fully explain the entrepreneurial career transition experiences of African American women. Theory development and extensions of existing theories should consider the potential discriminatory practices that limit financial resources and strategic partnerships for African American women entrepreneurs. The authors also advocate for consideration of identities, particularly related to gender and race, as factors that contribute to entrepreneurial experiences.

The study findings support the notion that each woman's situation will be different and unique, requiring aspiring African American woman entrepreneurs to assess their individual situation. Consistent access to minority-specific programs can help aspiring African American women entrepreneurs visualize her new identity and provide the support needed to enhance her career transition. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, so each woman will need to craft her own individualized plan.

Findings from this study solidify the role of African American women entrepreneurs as business leaders with influence and direct impact on the US economy. Their success enables African American women to contribute to more inclusive societies through their service to diverse members of society. In addition, their attainment of success serves as a testimony to aspiring African American women that entrepreneurial success is achievable, encouraging more diversity in entrepreneurship.

Few entrepreneurial studies exist on both women and racial minorities, resulting in a paucity of strategies to support African American women throughout their entrepreneurial journey. The results of this study revealed barriers which require specific strategies to address discriminatory lending practices and acceptance when forging new business relationships.

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Untold stories of African American women entrepreneurs: research-based strategies for becoming one's own boss10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0140Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-06© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedJoanna F. NormanLeah AikenTomika W. GreerJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0610.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0140https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-03-2023-0140/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Formality, innovation and entrepreneurial business performance in francophone Sub-Saharan Africahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0170/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestRecent work in the economics of innovation in developing countries increasingly considers the formality of business as a determining factor of economic development. However, current knowledge on how formality determines both innovation and business performance remains mixed. This article examines this relationship by analyzing, on the one hand, the role of formality on innovation and, on the other hand, the moderating effect of formality on the relationship between innovation and the performance of business in francophone Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on a sample of 1,369 Cameroonian and Senegalese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the International Development Research Center (IDRC), the Crepon Duguet et Maraise (CDM) technique was used to reduce the endogeneity bias inherent in this type of analysis. The results show that formal companies have a better capacity for innovation. In addition, formality positively moderates the relationship between innovation and the performance of businesses in the case of product and commercial innovations. On the other hand, it negatively moderates the relationship between innovation and the performance for process and organizational innovations. These results show that the advantages of formalization widely relayed by national public institutions and international organizations can present a risk for business if the expected gains are not accompanied by innovations. This paper contributes to research by taking into account the heterogeneity of firms because it is one of the first to study formality as a moderator in the relationship between innovation and firm performance in Sub-Saharan African economies.Formality, innovation and entrepreneurial business performance in francophone Sub-Saharan Africa
Martin Eloundou Ndzana, Paulin Gregory Mvogo
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Recent work in the economics of innovation in developing countries increasingly considers the formality of business as a determining factor of economic development. However, current knowledge on how formality determines both innovation and business performance remains mixed. This article examines this relationship by analyzing, on the one hand, the role of formality on innovation and, on the other hand, the moderating effect of formality on the relationship between innovation and the performance of business in francophone Sub-Saharan Africa.

Based on a sample of 1,369 Cameroonian and Senegalese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the International Development Research Center (IDRC), the Crepon Duguet et Maraise (CDM) technique was used to reduce the endogeneity bias inherent in this type of analysis.

The results show that formal companies have a better capacity for innovation. In addition, formality positively moderates the relationship between innovation and the performance of businesses in the case of product and commercial innovations. On the other hand, it negatively moderates the relationship between innovation and the performance for process and organizational innovations.

These results show that the advantages of formalization widely relayed by national public institutions and international organizations can present a risk for business if the expected gains are not accompanied by innovations.

This paper contributes to research by taking into account the heterogeneity of firms because it is one of the first to study formality as a moderator in the relationship between innovation and firm performance in Sub-Saharan African economies.

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Formality, innovation and entrepreneurial business performance in francophone Sub-Saharan Africa10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0170Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-12-12© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMartin Eloundou NdzanaPaulin Gregory MvogoJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-1210.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0170https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0170/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
From business incubator to crucible: a new perspective on entrepreneurial supporthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0181/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAlthough business incubators are a widely recognized form of entrepreneurial support, this paper aims to challenge the assumption that incubation is necessarily beneficial for early-stage entrepreneurs, and considers cases where, due to variability in the motives and behaviours of entrepreneurs, incubation may be unwarranted or even undesireable. This study presents a theoretically derived typology of incubated entrepreneurs, based on their entrepreneurial competence and capacity for learning, which asserts that incubation may be unwarranted or even undesireable for three of the four proposed entrepreneur types. Qualitative data from interviews with entrepreneurs and managing directors from 10 business incubators is used to illustrate the existence of these types. The data provides evidence of entrepreneurial types whose incubation may be counterproductive to the goals and objectives of their host incubators. Implications for incubator management (intake screening and ongoing monitoring of portfolio) are developed and aimed at improving the outcomes of business incubation for stakeholders. The paper contributes to the incubation typology literature by challenging a widely held assumption that entrepreneurs have the potential to benefit from incubation and by reconceptualizing incubators as “crucibles” that perform a critical function in distinguishing high-potential entrepreneurs.From business incubator to crucible: a new perspective on entrepreneurial support
Dave Valliere, Charlene L. Nicholls-Nixon
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Although business incubators are a widely recognized form of entrepreneurial support, this paper aims to challenge the assumption that incubation is necessarily beneficial for early-stage entrepreneurs, and considers cases where, due to variability in the motives and behaviours of entrepreneurs, incubation may be unwarranted or even undesireable.

This study presents a theoretically derived typology of incubated entrepreneurs, based on their entrepreneurial competence and capacity for learning, which asserts that incubation may be unwarranted or even undesireable for three of the four proposed entrepreneur types. Qualitative data from interviews with entrepreneurs and managing directors from 10 business incubators is used to illustrate the existence of these types.

The data provides evidence of entrepreneurial types whose incubation may be counterproductive to the goals and objectives of their host incubators.

Implications for incubator management (intake screening and ongoing monitoring of portfolio) are developed and aimed at improving the outcomes of business incubation for stakeholders.

The paper contributes to the incubation typology literature by challenging a widely held assumption that entrepreneurs have the potential to benefit from incubation and by reconceptualizing incubators as “crucibles” that perform a critical function in distinguishing high-potential entrepreneurs.

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From business incubator to crucible: a new perspective on entrepreneurial support10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0181Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-01© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedDave ValliereCharlene L. Nicholls-NixonJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0110.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0181https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0181/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Personal relationships of rural small businesses with community banks in times of crisishttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0196/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAs many businesses faced economic disruption due to the Covid-19 pandemic and sought financial relief, existing bank relationships became critical to getting a loan. This study examines factors associated with the development of personal relationships of rural small businesses with community bank representatives. We applied a mixed-method approach. We employed descriptive statistics, principal factor analysis and logistic regression for data analysis. We distributed an online survey to rural small businesses in five states in the United States. Key informant interviews with community bank representatives supplemented the survey results. A business owner’s trust in a banker was positively associated with the establishment of a business–bank relationship. However, an analysis of individual trust’s components revealed that the nature of trust is complex, and a failure of one or more components may lead to decreased trustworthiness in a banker. Small businesses that preferred personal communication with a bank were more inclined to relationship banking. Due to the relatively small sample size and cross-sectional data, our results may not be conclusive but should be viewed as preliminary and as suggestions for future research. Bankers should be aware of the importance of trust for small business owners and of the actions that lead to increased trustworthiness. The study extends the existing knowledge on the business–bank relationship by focusing mainly on social (instead of economic) factors associated with the establishment of the business–bank relationship in times of crisis and high uncertainty.Personal relationships of rural small businesses with community banks in times of crisis
Zuzana Bednarik, Maria I. Marshall
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

As many businesses faced economic disruption due to the Covid-19 pandemic and sought financial relief, existing bank relationships became critical to getting a loan. This study examines factors associated with the development of personal relationships of rural small businesses with community bank representatives.

We applied a mixed-method approach. We employed descriptive statistics, principal factor analysis and logistic regression for data analysis. We distributed an online survey to rural small businesses in five states in the United States. Key informant interviews with community bank representatives supplemented the survey results.

A business owner’s trust in a banker was positively associated with the establishment of a business–bank relationship. However, an analysis of individual trust’s components revealed that the nature of trust is complex, and a failure of one or more components may lead to decreased trustworthiness in a banker. Small businesses that preferred personal communication with a bank were more inclined to relationship banking.

Due to the relatively small sample size and cross-sectional data, our results may not be conclusive but should be viewed as preliminary and as suggestions for future research. Bankers should be aware of the importance of trust for small business owners and of the actions that lead to increased trustworthiness.

The study extends the existing knowledge on the business–bank relationship by focusing mainly on social (instead of economic) factors associated with the establishment of the business–bank relationship in times of crisis and high uncertainty.

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Personal relationships of rural small businesses with community banks in times of crisis10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0196Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-03-22© 2024 Zuzana Bednarik and Maria I. MarshallZuzana BednarikMaria I. MarshallJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2210.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0196https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2023-0196/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Zuzana Bednarik and Maria I. Marshallhttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Retiring entrepreneurs and succession planning: does entry mode determine exit strategy?https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-05-2023-0203/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurs’ exit strategies and modes of entry. The topic of exit strategies in the context of approaching retirement warrants further attention. We apply logistic regression to analyse 1,192 responses to an online survey of firms with entrepreneurs aged over 55. Family successors are more likely to choose family succession and buyers to choose to sell, but the association between founding and exit mode cannot be confirmed. Firm size is also significant. Our findings suggest that entry and exit via a business transfer are linked. Entrepreneurs might be influenced by their form of entry when choosing their exit strategy. The data were collected from a single European country, limiting generalisation. Future research should incorporate intervening variables not controlled for here, such as, entrepreneurial experience. Future studies should also seek to test the existence of imprinting directly, as it is implied rather than verified here. If the entry mode has a lasting effect on the entrepreneur as our results suggest, thus influencing the exit strategy selected, entrepreneurs could benefit from greater awareness of the imprinting mechanism. Increasing awareness of imprinted biases could unlock the benefits of exit strategies previously overlooked. The study is the first to consider sale, family succession and liquidation as exit strategies in relation to the original entry mode of ageing owners. It contributes to the understanding of exit strategies of ageing entrepreneurs and proposes using entrepreneurial learning and imprinting as lenses to clarify the phenomenon.Retiring entrepreneurs and succession planning: does entry mode determine exit strategy?
Anmari Viljamaa, Sanna Joensuu-Salo, Elina Varamäki
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurs’ exit strategies and modes of entry. The topic of exit strategies in the context of approaching retirement warrants further attention.

We apply logistic regression to analyse 1,192 responses to an online survey of firms with entrepreneurs aged over 55.

Family successors are more likely to choose family succession and buyers to choose to sell, but the association between founding and exit mode cannot be confirmed. Firm size is also significant. Our findings suggest that entry and exit via a business transfer are linked. Entrepreneurs might be influenced by their form of entry when choosing their exit strategy.

The data were collected from a single European country, limiting generalisation. Future research should incorporate intervening variables not controlled for here, such as, entrepreneurial experience. Future studies should also seek to test the existence of imprinting directly, as it is implied rather than verified here.

If the entry mode has a lasting effect on the entrepreneur as our results suggest, thus influencing the exit strategy selected, entrepreneurs could benefit from greater awareness of the imprinting mechanism. Increasing awareness of imprinted biases could unlock the benefits of exit strategies previously overlooked.

The study is the first to consider sale, family succession and liquidation as exit strategies in relation to the original entry mode of ageing owners. It contributes to the understanding of exit strategies of ageing entrepreneurs and proposes using entrepreneurial learning and imprinting as lenses to clarify the phenomenon.

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Retiring entrepreneurs and succession planning: does entry mode determine exit strategy?10.1108/JSBED-05-2023-0203Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-15© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedAnmari ViljamaaSanna Joensuu-SaloElina VaramäkiJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1510.1108/JSBED-05-2023-0203https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-05-2023-0203/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Microenterprise performance amidst environmental turbulence and resource scarcity: an integrated capital approachhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-05-2023-0220/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestMicroenterprises in emerging economies are known to operate in turbulent and resource-scarce environments. We test our hypothesis that a more comprehensive “Integrated Capital-Based Model” (ICBM) is needed when explaining the performance of microenterprises in such an environment. The model combines traditionally researched financial, human and social capital with more recently emphasized psychological and cognitive capital, providing greater explanatory power than models using only the traditional types of capital. We use a pooled linear regression to analyze an existing survey of more than 900 independent business owners who were interviewed seven times between 2008 and 2012 in the Accra and Tema marketplaces in Ghana. We measure the performance of microenterprises using three dependent variables (revenue, profits, and productivity). We contrast the explanatory power of ICBM models against the more traditional models. The ICBM has significantly higher levels of explanatory power over the traditional models in examining the performance of these microenterprises. These results highlight the importance of psychological and cognitive capital in emerging economies. We advocate for a more comprehensive view of capital as shown in our ICBM. However, the data were gathered only in an urban setting, which limits the generalizability to rural parts of emerging economies. These findings suggest the utility of government and appropriate agencies finding ways to enhance the level of psychological and cognitive capital of microenterprise owners. This paper's originality stems from hypothesizing and empirically confirming the higher predictive efficacy of ICBM against more traditionally researched capital sources.Microenterprise performance amidst environmental turbulence and resource scarcity: an integrated capital approach
Micah DelVecchio, Joseph Ofori-Dankwa, Akosua K. Darkwah
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Microenterprises in emerging economies are known to operate in turbulent and resource-scarce environments. We test our hypothesis that a more comprehensive “Integrated Capital-Based Model” (ICBM) is needed when explaining the performance of microenterprises in such an environment. The model combines traditionally researched financial, human and social capital with more recently emphasized psychological and cognitive capital, providing greater explanatory power than models using only the traditional types of capital.

We use a pooled linear regression to analyze an existing survey of more than 900 independent business owners who were interviewed seven times between 2008 and 2012 in the Accra and Tema marketplaces in Ghana. We measure the performance of microenterprises using three dependent variables (revenue, profits, and productivity). We contrast the explanatory power of ICBM models against the more traditional models.

The ICBM has significantly higher levels of explanatory power over the traditional models in examining the performance of these microenterprises. These results highlight the importance of psychological and cognitive capital in emerging economies.

We advocate for a more comprehensive view of capital as shown in our ICBM. However, the data were gathered only in an urban setting, which limits the generalizability to rural parts of emerging economies.

These findings suggest the utility of government and appropriate agencies finding ways to enhance the level of psychological and cognitive capital of microenterprise owners.

This paper's originality stems from hypothesizing and empirically confirming the higher predictive efficacy of ICBM against more traditionally researched capital sources.

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Microenterprise performance amidst environmental turbulence and resource scarcity: an integrated capital approach10.1108/JSBED-05-2023-0220Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-07© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMicah DelVecchioJoseph Ofori-DankwaAkosua K. DarkwahJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0710.1108/JSBED-05-2023-0220https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-05-2023-0220/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Entrepreneurial performance and marketing analytics: the role of new product innovationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0253/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPrevious studies focus on the direct effects of marketing analytics on entrepreneurial performance, but few explore the underlying mechanisms. Drawing on affordance theory, this study explores pathways through new product innovation (NPI) for the effects of marketing analytics on business performance. NPI is a market-based innovation concept comprising customer- and competitor-driven NPD and incremental innovation. Using survey data collected from UK-based entrepreneurial firms operating in the IT and telecoms industries, we apply confirmatory factor analysis and a sequential structural equation model to test the mediating role of NPI in the effect of marketing analytics on market performance and financial performance. The results show that marketing analytics enhances business performance through competitor-driven but not customer-driven NPD. Although using marketing analytics to generate customer knowledge for existing product innovation may enhance market performance, this positive effect becomes negative when competitor-driven NPD is undertaken to improve existing product innovation. This study makes significant contributions to the innovation and NPD literature. It delves deeper into the existing view on the positive contributions of customer engagement to business value creation, revealing the significance of competitor knowledge to enhance business performance through marketing analytics, particularly in the context of IT and telecoms entrepreneurial firms.Entrepreneurial performance and marketing analytics: the role of new product innovation
Fenfang Lin, Teck-Yong Eng
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Previous studies focus on the direct effects of marketing analytics on entrepreneurial performance, but few explore the underlying mechanisms. Drawing on affordance theory, this study explores pathways through new product innovation (NPI) for the effects of marketing analytics on business performance. NPI is a market-based innovation concept comprising customer- and competitor-driven NPD and incremental innovation.

Using survey data collected from UK-based entrepreneurial firms operating in the IT and telecoms industries, we apply confirmatory factor analysis and a sequential structural equation model to test the mediating role of NPI in the effect of marketing analytics on market performance and financial performance.

The results show that marketing analytics enhances business performance through competitor-driven but not customer-driven NPD. Although using marketing analytics to generate customer knowledge for existing product innovation may enhance market performance, this positive effect becomes negative when competitor-driven NPD is undertaken to improve existing product innovation.

This study makes significant contributions to the innovation and NPD literature. It delves deeper into the existing view on the positive contributions of customer engagement to business value creation, revealing the significance of competitor knowledge to enhance business performance through marketing analytics, particularly in the context of IT and telecoms entrepreneurial firms.

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Entrepreneurial performance and marketing analytics: the role of new product innovation10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0253Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-27© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedFenfang LinTeck-Yong EngJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2710.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0253https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0253/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Exchange complexity: a multi-method analysis of firm configurationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0255/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate if a firm's exchange complexity profile (that is, the linkages between the firm and its environment) influences investor behavior at the negotiation table where a firm valuation is derived. The authors utilize Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Specifically, the authors utilize fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), a QCA variant that allows the researcher to assign graduated membership in sets. When the authors dichotomize their positions as either higher stakes that favor the seller (high capital, low equity, high valuation) or lower stakes that favor the buyer (low capital, high equity, low valuation), and when the authors focus primarily on the equity outcome, the authors find that investors adopt a reductionist stance that adheres to a transaction cost economics logic under conditions of lower stakes and higher complexity as well as higher stakes and lower complexity conditions. The authors interpret this to mean that equity serves as a counter-balancing lever for a firm's exchange complexity configuration. On a theoretical level, the authors showcase the exchange complexity framework and differentiate its position within the extant frameworks that address a firm's competitive advantage. More generally, the authors note that this framework brings the discipline of micro-economics and the field of strategic management closer together, providing scholars with a new tool enabling research across industries for the portfolio level of analysis.Exchange complexity: a multi-method analysis of firm configurations
Aydin S. Oksoy, Matthew R. Farrell, Shaomin Li
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate if a firm's exchange complexity profile (that is, the linkages between the firm and its environment) influences investor behavior at the negotiation table where a firm valuation is derived.

The authors utilize Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Specifically, the authors utilize fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), a QCA variant that allows the researcher to assign graduated membership in sets.

When the authors dichotomize their positions as either higher stakes that favor the seller (high capital, low equity, high valuation) or lower stakes that favor the buyer (low capital, high equity, low valuation), and when the authors focus primarily on the equity outcome, the authors find that investors adopt a reductionist stance that adheres to a transaction cost economics logic under conditions of lower stakes and higher complexity as well as higher stakes and lower complexity conditions. The authors interpret this to mean that equity serves as a counter-balancing lever for a firm's exchange complexity configuration.

On a theoretical level, the authors showcase the exchange complexity framework and differentiate its position within the extant frameworks that address a firm's competitive advantage. More generally, the authors note that this framework brings the discipline of micro-economics and the field of strategic management closer together, providing scholars with a new tool enabling research across industries for the portfolio level of analysis.

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Exchange complexity: a multi-method analysis of firm configurations10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0255Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-13© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAydin S. OksoyMatthew R. FarrellShaomin LiJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1310.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0255https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0255/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Entrepreneurship in times of economic stress: unraveling the U-shaped relationship between the internality of causal attributions and growthhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0258/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurs' internality of causal attributions and firm growth during an economic crisis. We propose a U-shaped relationship between the two variables, arguing that the highest-growth entrepreneurs are those with either the highest or lowest levels of internal attribution (IA) during such periods. To test our hypothesis, we analyze a database of 804 interviews with entrepreneurs in Brazil during a period of economic stress. Due to the existence of endogeneity, we estimate a model of simultaneous equations in two stages. We find evidence of a U-shaped relationship. This means that during economic stress, the fastest-growing entrepreneurs are those who rely more on their own effort (high IA) and those who attribute their success to the economic crisis (low IA). Tailoring interventions based on attribution patterns and recognizing the U-shaped relationship ensures effective support during economic stress. Entrepreneurial support programs should align with internality levels, emphasizing external awareness or skill development accordingly. Policymakers should take attributions into account when promoting financial resilience. Entrepreneurs would benefit from awareness programs on attributions for reflective decision-making. Ecosystems should foster collaboration by recognizing diverse attributions, enhancing a collective understanding of entrepreneurial responses in crises. Our results have important implications for understanding the role of entrepreneurs in economic crises. Our results are relevant because they challenge the usual claim that entrepreneurs with high IA are the ones who perform better in situations where external economic conditions are adverse.Entrepreneurship in times of economic stress: unraveling the U-shaped relationship between the internality of causal attributions and growth
Guilherme Fowler A. Monteiro, Rinaldo Artes
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurs' internality of causal attributions and firm growth during an economic crisis. We propose a U-shaped relationship between the two variables, arguing that the highest-growth entrepreneurs are those with either the highest or lowest levels of internal attribution (IA) during such periods.

To test our hypothesis, we analyze a database of 804 interviews with entrepreneurs in Brazil during a period of economic stress. Due to the existence of endogeneity, we estimate a model of simultaneous equations in two stages.

We find evidence of a U-shaped relationship. This means that during economic stress, the fastest-growing entrepreneurs are those who rely more on their own effort (high IA) and those who attribute their success to the economic crisis (low IA).

Tailoring interventions based on attribution patterns and recognizing the U-shaped relationship ensures effective support during economic stress. Entrepreneurial support programs should align with internality levels, emphasizing external awareness or skill development accordingly. Policymakers should take attributions into account when promoting financial resilience. Entrepreneurs would benefit from awareness programs on attributions for reflective decision-making. Ecosystems should foster collaboration by recognizing diverse attributions, enhancing a collective understanding of entrepreneurial responses in crises.

Our results have important implications for understanding the role of entrepreneurs in economic crises. Our results are relevant because they challenge the usual claim that entrepreneurs with high IA are the ones who perform better in situations where external economic conditions are adverse.

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Entrepreneurship in times of economic stress: unraveling the U-shaped relationship between the internality of causal attributions and growth10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0258Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-29© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedGuilherme Fowler A. MonteiroRinaldo ArtesJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2910.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0258https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-06-2023-0258/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Entrepreneurial marketing practices and manufacturing venture performance during a pandemic: the mediating role of innovationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-07-2022-0312/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPrevious research has indicated that entrepreneurial marketing (EM) positively influences small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) performance. While most studies have examined the relationship in a stable environment, EMs’ effectiveness during environmental instability remains uncertain. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the influence of EM on Indian manufacturing-based SMEs’ performance during the COVID-19-induced environmental instability. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of innovative performance in the relationship between EM and SME performance. The data were collected by distributing a structured survey questionnaire to 302 owners/managers of SMEs. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The result indicates that EM significantly impacts both innovation and SME performance. Furthermore, the innovative performance partially mediates the link between EM and SME performance. The findings suggest that even within severely affected sectors (manufacturing) during the pandemic, SMEs can achieve growth and innovation through effective EM practices. This study validates the theoretical notion that EM remains effective even in unpredictable environments such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings offer valuable insights for SMEs seeking innovative strategies to enhance their performance, particularly those in emerging economies. Prior studies have relied on a single layer of abstraction to analyze the impact of EM. The present study is the first to extend standard construct (EM) conceptualization. Furthermore, it evaluated the efficiency of EM in situations characterized by instability, which is rare in the EM and SME literature.Entrepreneurial marketing practices and manufacturing venture performance during a pandemic: the mediating role of innovation
Chinmaya Kumar Sahu, Rajeev Kumar Panda
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Previous research has indicated that entrepreneurial marketing (EM) positively influences small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) performance. While most studies have examined the relationship in a stable environment, EMs’ effectiveness during environmental instability remains uncertain. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the influence of EM on Indian manufacturing-based SMEs’ performance during the COVID-19-induced environmental instability. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of innovative performance in the relationship between EM and SME performance.

The data were collected by distributing a structured survey questionnaire to 302 owners/managers of SMEs. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).

The result indicates that EM significantly impacts both innovation and SME performance. Furthermore, the innovative performance partially mediates the link between EM and SME performance. The findings suggest that even within severely affected sectors (manufacturing) during the pandemic, SMEs can achieve growth and innovation through effective EM practices.

This study validates the theoretical notion that EM remains effective even in unpredictable environments such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings offer valuable insights for SMEs seeking innovative strategies to enhance their performance, particularly those in emerging economies.

Prior studies have relied on a single layer of abstraction to analyze the impact of EM. The present study is the first to extend standard construct (EM) conceptualization. Furthermore, it evaluated the efficiency of EM in situations characterized by instability, which is rare in the EM and SME literature.

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Entrepreneurial marketing practices and manufacturing venture performance during a pandemic: the mediating role of innovation10.1108/JSBED-07-2022-0312Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-03-29© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedChinmaya Kumar SahuRajeev Kumar PandaJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2910.1108/JSBED-07-2022-0312https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-07-2022-0312/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
MSMEs' innovation: a barrier approachhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0304/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis article presents a comprehensive analysis of innovation in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India, focusing on the barriers and facilitators within their internal and external ecosystems. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 1430 MSMEs across India, employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationships between internal and external factors and innovation adaptation. The findings indicate that factors such as top management and organization structure, communication, technological capability and adaptation and organizational culture have a positive impact on innovation adaptation within the internal environment. Conversely, employee and market orientation, as well as financial factors, have a negative influence. Regarding the external environment, industry and competitive analysis, internationalization and partner alliances were found to positively affect innovation adaptation, whereas the country's infrastructure and policies had a negative impact. The study emphasizes that MSMEs have the potential to leverage their internal and external environments to foster innovation within their organizations.MSMEs' innovation: a barrier approach
Ansita Aggarwal, Nisarg Joshi
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of innovation in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India, focusing on the barriers and facilitators within their internal and external ecosystems.

A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 1430 MSMEs across India, employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationships between internal and external factors and innovation adaptation.

The findings indicate that factors such as top management and organization structure, communication, technological capability and adaptation and organizational culture have a positive impact on innovation adaptation within the internal environment. Conversely, employee and market orientation, as well as financial factors, have a negative influence. Regarding the external environment, industry and competitive analysis, internationalization and partner alliances were found to positively affect innovation adaptation, whereas the country's infrastructure and policies had a negative impact.

The study emphasizes that MSMEs have the potential to leverage their internal and external environments to foster innovation within their organizations.

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MSMEs' innovation: a barrier approach10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0304Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-03-15© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedAnsita AggarwalNisarg JoshiJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1510.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0304https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0304/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Regional cooperative banks, ecosystems and small and medium-sized enterprise financing: the importance of cognitive, social and geographic proximitieshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0337/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study analyzes the role of regional cooperative banks in identifying and financing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from a proximity perspective. Access to finance is a major challenge for SMEs. Regional cooperative banks can remove this barrier based on cooperative bank's characteristics and geographic proximity to SMEs. Understanding the interplay between these financial actors and firms can contribute to a better support of SMEs development. The results are based on a case study of eight SMEs located in southwestern France. Interviews were conducted with two regional cooperative funds and eight SMEs. The interview guide included questions related to the company, the projects financed and how financing was accessed. Results reveal that a combination of three forms of proximity allows regional cooperative banks and SMEs to establish effective financing operations. They show that regional cooperative banks are key players in the existing financing mechanisms for SMEs. Such financing is often used to gain access to larger players at a later stage. The findings suggest the need for public policies that promote the integration of financing actors in regional ecosystems to advance SMEs' development. This article examines how SMEs access financing, with a focus on regional cooperative banks, which have received little attention in the literature. Moreover, the relationships between these actors are studied through the lens of proximity. Regional cooperative banks are able to finance projects that may have been overlooked by traditional banks due to trust-building local dynamics.Regional cooperative banks, ecosystems and small and medium-sized enterprise financing: the importance of cognitive, social and geographic proximities
Bastien Bezzon, Geoffroy Labrouche, Rachel Levy
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study analyzes the role of regional cooperative banks in identifying and financing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from a proximity perspective. Access to finance is a major challenge for SMEs. Regional cooperative banks can remove this barrier based on cooperative bank's characteristics and geographic proximity to SMEs. Understanding the interplay between these financial actors and firms can contribute to a better support of SMEs development.

The results are based on a case study of eight SMEs located in southwestern France. Interviews were conducted with two regional cooperative funds and eight SMEs. The interview guide included questions related to the company, the projects financed and how financing was accessed.

Results reveal that a combination of three forms of proximity allows regional cooperative banks and SMEs to establish effective financing operations. They show that regional cooperative banks are key players in the existing financing mechanisms for SMEs. Such financing is often used to gain access to larger players at a later stage. The findings suggest the need for public policies that promote the integration of financing actors in regional ecosystems to advance SMEs' development.

This article examines how SMEs access financing, with a focus on regional cooperative banks, which have received little attention in the literature. Moreover, the relationships between these actors are studied through the lens of proximity. Regional cooperative banks are able to finance projects that may have been overlooked by traditional banks due to trust-building local dynamics.

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Regional cooperative banks, ecosystems and small and medium-sized enterprise financing: the importance of cognitive, social and geographic proximities10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0337Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-03-19© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedBastien BezzonGeoffroy LabroucheRachel LevyJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1910.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0337https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0337/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Mastering digital leadership capabilities for business model innovation: the role of managerial decision-making and grantshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0341/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestResearch has shown that business model innovation can facilitate most ventures to innovate and remain competitive, yet there has been limited work on how digital leadership capabilities influence business model innovation. Building on the dynamic capabilities view, we address this gap by linking digital leadership capabilities with business model innovation via managerial decision-making through provision of grants received by new ventures. The study is cross-sectional research. Data have been collected utilizing purposive sampling from 313 founding members of new ventures in high-velocity markets, i.e. from Pakistan. SPSS has been used to conduct the moderated mediation analysis. Digital leadership capabilities foster the business model innovation of the new ventures because they enable new ventures to capitalize on digital technologies and create new ways of generating value for the customers and themselves. Moreover, managerial decision-making mediates digital leadership capabilities and business model innovation relationship, whereas, grants moderate the indirect positive effect of digital leadership capabilities on business model innovation via managerial decision-making. The study generates initial evidence on the impact of digital leadership capabilities on business model innovation via managerial decision-making for new ventures. We advance knowledge on new ventures’ business model innovation by deep-diving into dynamic capabilities view and emphasizing digital leadership capabilities as a significant driver for business model innovation. With the help of dynamic capabilities theory, this study analyzes how new ventures make use of digital leadership capabilities to promote business model innovation.Mastering digital leadership capabilities for business model innovation: the role of managerial decision-making and grants
Misbah Faiz, Naukhez Sarwar, Adeel Tariq, Mumtaz Ali Memon
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Research has shown that business model innovation can facilitate most ventures to innovate and remain competitive, yet there has been limited work on how digital leadership capabilities influence business model innovation. Building on the dynamic capabilities view, we address this gap by linking digital leadership capabilities with business model innovation via managerial decision-making through provision of grants received by new ventures.

The study is cross-sectional research. Data have been collected utilizing purposive sampling from 313 founding members of new ventures in high-velocity markets, i.e. from Pakistan. SPSS has been used to conduct the moderated mediation analysis.

Digital leadership capabilities foster the business model innovation of the new ventures because they enable new ventures to capitalize on digital technologies and create new ways of generating value for the customers and themselves. Moreover, managerial decision-making mediates digital leadership capabilities and business model innovation relationship, whereas, grants moderate the indirect positive effect of digital leadership capabilities on business model innovation via managerial decision-making. The study generates initial evidence on the impact of digital leadership capabilities on business model innovation via managerial decision-making for new ventures. We advance knowledge on new ventures’ business model innovation by deep-diving into dynamic capabilities view and emphasizing digital leadership capabilities as a significant driver for business model innovation.

With the help of dynamic capabilities theory, this study analyzes how new ventures make use of digital leadership capabilities to promote business model innovation.

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Mastering digital leadership capabilities for business model innovation: the role of managerial decision-making and grants10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0341Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-28© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMisbah FaizNaukhez SarwarAdeel TariqMumtaz Ali MemonJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2810.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0341https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0341/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Entrepreneurial intentions of tourism and hospitality students in Ghana: an application of the theory of planned behaviourhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0348/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe study aims to examine the entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) of tourism and hospitality (T&H) students in Ghana using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Specifically, the study examined the role of university support on students’ EIs and behaviour within the framework of TPB. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 929 T&H students from six universities in Ghana. Structural equation modelling using AMOS was used to test the stated hypotheses. The results showed that perceived university support (PUS) played a key role in influencing students’ attitudes, subjective norms and behavioural controls towards their EIs. Furthermore, the EI of T&H students was also found to have influenced students’ entrepreneurial behaviours (EBs). All seven hypotheses were significant. To increase the entrepreneurial drive of T&H students, universities and T&H educators need to provide support through strengthening experiential learning activities (guest speaker series, mentorship sessions, practicals and internships) to provide an avenue for students to be trained on risk management and failure recovery skills, develop positive attitudes and behaviours and learn from experts. Policymakers should also enact favourable laws to regulate business practices. This is likely the first paper to address the issue of PUS for entrepreneurship amongst T&H students in the context of a developing country. Specifically, it addresses the role of universities and T&H educators in supporting T&H students to be entrepreneurs.Entrepreneurial intentions of tourism and hospitality students in Ghana: an application of the theory of planned behaviour
Daniella Delali Sedegah, Ricky Yao Nutsugbodo, Anna Arthur-Amissah, Sampson Wireko-Gyebi, Gifty Adobea Duodu, Valerie Efua Kwansima Bempong, Peace Ankor, Bernadette Ekua Bedua Afful, Michael Tuffour
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The study aims to examine the entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) of tourism and hospitality (T&H) students in Ghana using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Specifically, the study examined the role of university support on students’ EIs and behaviour within the framework of TPB.

An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 929 T&H students from six universities in Ghana. Structural equation modelling using AMOS was used to test the stated hypotheses.

The results showed that perceived university support (PUS) played a key role in influencing students’ attitudes, subjective norms and behavioural controls towards their EIs. Furthermore, the EI of T&H students was also found to have influenced students’ entrepreneurial behaviours (EBs). All seven hypotheses were significant.

To increase the entrepreneurial drive of T&H students, universities and T&H educators need to provide support through strengthening experiential learning activities (guest speaker series, mentorship sessions, practicals and internships) to provide an avenue for students to be trained on risk management and failure recovery skills, develop positive attitudes and behaviours and learn from experts. Policymakers should also enact favourable laws to regulate business practices.

This is likely the first paper to address the issue of PUS for entrepreneurship amongst T&H students in the context of a developing country. Specifically, it addresses the role of universities and T&H educators in supporting T&H students to be entrepreneurs.

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Entrepreneurial intentions of tourism and hospitality students in Ghana: an application of the theory of planned behaviour10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0348Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-13© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedDaniella Delali SedegahRicky Yao NutsugbodoAnna Arthur-AmissahSampson Wireko-GyebiGifty Adobea DuoduValerie Efua Kwansima BempongPeace AnkorBernadette Ekua Bedua AffulMichael TuffourJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1310.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0348https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0348/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
New technologies in small business models: use of electric vehicles in last-mile delivery for fast-moving consumer goodshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0375/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe share of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in e-commerce has increased, particularly after COVID-19, alongside the growing volume of e-commerce transactions. The increased number of orders necessitates the optimization of delivery operations. This situation has made using different technologies in last-mile delivery processes necessary. Currently, used electric vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in integrating these technologies into delivery operations. Adapting to new technologies emerges as a critical need for small enterprises to survive in the face of advancing technologies. In this context, the main purpose of this paper is to examine and identify attitudes of small businesses toward EVs’ usage in last-mile delivery for FMCG. The theoretical frameworks commonly used in studies investigating new technologies, namely the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and technology acceptance model (TAM) have been employed. The analysis of the study was conducted using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and the Smart PLS software package. When examining the results of the study, a significant and positive relationship was found between compatibility and enjoyment with perceived usefulness. Furthermore, a significant and positive relationship was identified between attitude toward use, perceived behavioral control and perceived usefulness. Ultimately, a strong relationship was found between intention, which is a precursor to active usage and attitude. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that EVs can be actively used in last-mile delivery in the future. In FMCG processes in Türkiye, EVs are limitedly used in last-mile delivery operations. However, there are very few studies on the use of EVs in FMCG. Therefore, it is expected that the current research will contribute to the literature by providing information on the factors that influence the acceptance of EV usage and their implications. The TAM and TPB models were used in the current study.New technologies in small business models: use of electric vehicles in last-mile delivery for fast-moving consumer goods
Yavuz Toraman, Mehmet Bayirli, Veland Ramadani
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The share of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in e-commerce has increased, particularly after COVID-19, alongside the growing volume of e-commerce transactions. The increased number of orders necessitates the optimization of delivery operations. This situation has made using different technologies in last-mile delivery processes necessary. Currently, used electric vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in integrating these technologies into delivery operations. Adapting to new technologies emerges as a critical need for small enterprises to survive in the face of advancing technologies. In this context, the main purpose of this paper is to examine and identify attitudes of small businesses toward EVs’ usage in last-mile delivery for FMCG.

The theoretical frameworks commonly used in studies investigating new technologies, namely the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and technology acceptance model (TAM) have been employed. The analysis of the study was conducted using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and the Smart PLS software package.

When examining the results of the study, a significant and positive relationship was found between compatibility and enjoyment with perceived usefulness. Furthermore, a significant and positive relationship was identified between attitude toward use, perceived behavioral control and perceived usefulness. Ultimately, a strong relationship was found between intention, which is a precursor to active usage and attitude. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that EVs can be actively used in last-mile delivery in the future.

In FMCG processes in Türkiye, EVs are limitedly used in last-mile delivery operations. However, there are very few studies on the use of EVs in FMCG. Therefore, it is expected that the current research will contribute to the literature by providing information on the factors that influence the acceptance of EV usage and their implications. The TAM and TPB models were used in the current study.

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New technologies in small business models: use of electric vehicles in last-mile delivery for fast-moving consumer goods10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0375Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-11-21© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedYavuz ToramanMehmet BayirliVeland RamadaniJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2110.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0375https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0375/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Intellectual capital and competitiveness improvement among micro-small-medium enterprises: a resource orchestration viewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0387/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe study aims to test the framework that proposes the role of resources (intellectual capital) in mobilizing entrepreneurial orientation that influences the competitiveness improvement of micro-small-medium enterprises (MSMEs) under the lens of resource orchestration theory. In this study, 347 respondents from the MSMEs participated through a structured questionnaire. For the data analysis purpose, the structural equation modeling technique was employed using SmartPLS software. The results suggest human, structural, and relational capital are significant antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation, which leads to competitiveness improvement. The findings also indicate the mediation role of entrepreneurial orientation between intellectual capital and competitiveness improvement. The current study presumably will supplement the promising research effort to progress the research orchestration theory and also could be a strategic guideline for the managers/owners of the MSMEs. This study is possibly a novel attempt to divulge the association between intellectual capital (tripartite model) and competitiveness improvement of firms under the lens of resource orchestration theory.Intellectual capital and competitiveness improvement among micro-small-medium enterprises: a resource orchestration view
Syed Abidur Rahman, Seyedeh Khadijeh Taghizadeh, Golam Mostafa Khan, Malgorzata Radomska
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The study aims to test the framework that proposes the role of resources (intellectual capital) in mobilizing entrepreneurial orientation that influences the competitiveness improvement of micro-small-medium enterprises (MSMEs) under the lens of resource orchestration theory.

In this study, 347 respondents from the MSMEs participated through a structured questionnaire. For the data analysis purpose, the structural equation modeling technique was employed using SmartPLS software.

The results suggest human, structural, and relational capital are significant antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation, which leads to competitiveness improvement. The findings also indicate the mediation role of entrepreneurial orientation between intellectual capital and competitiveness improvement.

The current study presumably will supplement the promising research effort to progress the research orchestration theory and also could be a strategic guideline for the managers/owners of the MSMEs.

This study is possibly a novel attempt to divulge the association between intellectual capital (tripartite model) and competitiveness improvement of firms under the lens of resource orchestration theory.

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Intellectual capital and competitiveness improvement among micro-small-medium enterprises: a resource orchestration view10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0387Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-03-27© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedSyed Abidur RahmanSeyedeh Khadijeh TaghizadehGolam Mostafa KhanMalgorzata RadomskaJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2710.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0387https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-08-2023-0387/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Do technological, environmental and entrepreneurial factors affect social commerce adoption?https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-09-2023-0420/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIn today’s business world, adopting social commerce for day-to-day operations has increasingly become an important phenomenon. Several factors have been identified by previous researchers regarding the adoption of social commerce, but academic research is scarce on the relationship between the factors influencing social commerce adoption and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the post-COVID-19 situation. This study aims to identify the impact of technological, environmental and entrepreneurial factors on the adoption of social commerce by SMEs in Sri Lanka. A quantitative study utilised the deductive approach and collected data through a field survey by distributing a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to conveniently selected respondents from Sri Lankan SMEs. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used for the analysis of 384 responses. The results revealed that technological factors [technology availability (TA) and cost-effectiveness (CE)], environmental factors [bandwagon effect (BE)] and entrepreneurial factors [attitude (AT), innovativeness (IN) and IT knowledge (IK)] have a significant impact on the social commerce adoption of SMEs in Sri Lanka. This study, as the first of its type, offers insightful information on the influence of variables on the adoption of social commerce after the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to any research, this study also has inherent limitations. Due to time and financial restrictions, the study’s convenience sampling method was adopted. The study’s possible limitation is its narrow focus, which could mean that it only examines a select few social media (SM) networks. The study’s conclusions might be less generalised since it focused on the western province of Sri Lanka. Future studies should take a cross-cultural strategy to explore the influence of social commerce adoption to improve the generalisability of research findings. This study provides an in-depth assessment of critical factors, facilitating policymakers, owners, leaders and managers (decision-makers) to gain insight into the real influencing factors on social commerce adoption and the significance of SM. The study helps them comprehend how outstanding governance and knowledge of influencing factors can boost SME success in various ways. For example, research reveals that various factors have a major influence on social commerce adoption. There has been limited research conducted on social commerce adoption after the COVID-19 pandemic period; thus, this study looked at the variables influencing it amongst SMEs in a South Asian developing country like Sri Lanka after the pandemic lasted for two years. By placing a strong emphasis on the role of entrepreneurial characteristics and the available technology within one single framework in the context of SMEs and their involvement with social commerce adoption, this study contributes to the past literature by emphasising the role of several significant factors in SMEs' adoption of social commerce. Whilst previous studies looked at multiple factors influencing the adoption of social commerce globally, this study focussed on how these factors have a significant impact on SMEs in Sri Lanka. This study developed a multi-perspective framework combining technological, environmental and entrepreneurial factors influencing SMEs to adopt social commerce. The study provides a contribution to the literature on social commerce adoption from the perspective of SMEs in a developing country like Sri Lanka after COVID-19. Exclusively, it examines the impact of entrepreneur-related factors on social commerce adoption.Do technological, environmental and entrepreneurial factors affect social commerce adoption?
Suvini Rasaputhra, Virasha Peiris, Reshika Magallagoda, Chatil Panditasekara, Krishantha Wisenthige, Nipunee Jayasuriya
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

In today’s business world, adopting social commerce for day-to-day operations has increasingly become an important phenomenon. Several factors have been identified by previous researchers regarding the adoption of social commerce, but academic research is scarce on the relationship between the factors influencing social commerce adoption and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the post-COVID-19 situation. This study aims to identify the impact of technological, environmental and entrepreneurial factors on the adoption of social commerce by SMEs in Sri Lanka.

A quantitative study utilised the deductive approach and collected data through a field survey by distributing a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to conveniently selected respondents from Sri Lankan SMEs. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used for the analysis of 384 responses.

The results revealed that technological factors [technology availability (TA) and cost-effectiveness (CE)], environmental factors [bandwagon effect (BE)] and entrepreneurial factors [attitude (AT), innovativeness (IN) and IT knowledge (IK)] have a significant impact on the social commerce adoption of SMEs in Sri Lanka. This study, as the first of its type, offers insightful information on the influence of variables on the adoption of social commerce after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Similar to any research, this study also has inherent limitations. Due to time and financial restrictions, the study’s convenience sampling method was adopted. The study’s possible limitation is its narrow focus, which could mean that it only examines a select few social media (SM) networks. The study’s conclusions might be less generalised since it focused on the western province of Sri Lanka. Future studies should take a cross-cultural strategy to explore the influence of social commerce adoption to improve the generalisability of research findings.

This study provides an in-depth assessment of critical factors, facilitating policymakers, owners, leaders and managers (decision-makers) to gain insight into the real influencing factors on social commerce adoption and the significance of SM. The study helps them comprehend how outstanding governance and knowledge of influencing factors can boost SME success in various ways. For example, research reveals that various factors have a major influence on social commerce adoption.

There has been limited research conducted on social commerce adoption after the COVID-19 pandemic period; thus, this study looked at the variables influencing it amongst SMEs in a South Asian developing country like Sri Lanka after the pandemic lasted for two years. By placing a strong emphasis on the role of entrepreneurial characteristics and the available technology within one single framework in the context of SMEs and their involvement with social commerce adoption, this study contributes to the past literature by emphasising the role of several significant factors in SMEs' adoption of social commerce. Whilst previous studies looked at multiple factors influencing the adoption of social commerce globally, this study focussed on how these factors have a significant impact on SMEs in Sri Lanka.

This study developed a multi-perspective framework combining technological, environmental and entrepreneurial factors influencing SMEs to adopt social commerce. The study provides a contribution to the literature on social commerce adoption from the perspective of SMEs in a developing country like Sri Lanka after COVID-19. Exclusively, it examines the impact of entrepreneur-related factors on social commerce adoption.

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Do technological, environmental and entrepreneurial factors affect social commerce adoption?10.1108/JSBED-09-2023-0420Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-27© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedSuvini RasaputhraVirasha PeirisReshika MagallagodaChatil PanditasekaraKrishantha WisenthigeNipunee JayasuriyaJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2710.1108/JSBED-09-2023-0420https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-09-2023-0420/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Business model transition and entrepreneurial small businesses: a systematic literature reviewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-10-2023-0503/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSmall businesses are facing evolving environments, with a resulting need to shift their traditional approaches toward new business models (BMs). Many face difficulties within this transition process due to their specific resource constraints. Based on this, incremental changes to the BM – business model transition (BMT) – are proposed as comprising a suitable framework for entrepreneurial small businesses. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to cover a broad range of relevant literature within a final sample of 89 articles. The SLR method was chosen to integrate research in a systematic, transparent and reproducible way. For qualitative analysis and framework derivation, the study draws on a thematic ontological analysis. The broad search criteria, focusing on BM, incremental BM changes and small businesses, pave the way for a comprehensive overview of multiple research streams of BM concepts (e.g. digital and sustainable BM). The main contribution of this work is the resulting holistic BMT framework, comprising the main parts BM innovation, external antecedents (transition of environment, entrepreneurial ecosystem), internal antecedents (dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation, resilience, strategy) and output (firm performance). The framework provides guidance for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial managers to implement and complete BMT in small businesses. Furthermore, the presented paper sets a future research agenda focusing on small businesses structured according to the derived framework. This study provides the first SLR of existing BM concepts with a small-business specific perspective on BMI and a focus on various incremental BM changes.Business model transition and entrepreneurial small businesses: a systematic literature review
Martin Leipziger, Dominik K. Kanbach, Sascha Kraus
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Small businesses are facing evolving environments, with a resulting need to shift their traditional approaches toward new business models (BMs). Many face difficulties within this transition process due to their specific resource constraints. Based on this, incremental changes to the BM – business model transition (BMT) – are proposed as comprising a suitable framework for entrepreneurial small businesses.

This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to cover a broad range of relevant literature within a final sample of 89 articles. The SLR method was chosen to integrate research in a systematic, transparent and reproducible way. For qualitative analysis and framework derivation, the study draws on a thematic ontological analysis.

The broad search criteria, focusing on BM, incremental BM changes and small businesses, pave the way for a comprehensive overview of multiple research streams of BM concepts (e.g. digital and sustainable BM). The main contribution of this work is the resulting holistic BMT framework, comprising the main parts BM innovation, external antecedents (transition of environment, entrepreneurial ecosystem), internal antecedents (dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation, resilience, strategy) and output (firm performance).

The framework provides guidance for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial managers to implement and complete BMT in small businesses. Furthermore, the presented paper sets a future research agenda focusing on small businesses structured according to the derived framework.

This study provides the first SLR of existing BM concepts with a small-business specific perspective on BMI and a focus on various incremental BM changes.

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Business model transition and entrepreneurial small businesses: a systematic literature review10.1108/JSBED-10-2023-0503Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-16© 2024 Martin Leipziger, Dominik K. Kanbach and Sascha KrausMartin LeipzigerDominik K. KanbachSascha KrausJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1610.1108/JSBED-10-2023-0503https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-10-2023-0503/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Martin Leipziger, Dominik K. Kanbach and Sascha Kraushttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Innovative business models of SMEs: state-of-the-art and future research agendahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-10-2023-0505/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper reviews the literature on the business models of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It seeks to examine the profile, conceptual and intellectual structure of the literature whilst leveraging the findings to suggest promising future paths to advance our knowledge on business models of SMEs. The study resorts to a systematic literature review that conducts descriptive, bibliometric (i.e. co-word occurrence analysis and bibliographic coupling of documents analysis) and content analyses to review the literature on business models of SMEs. The research protocol included 301 articles collected in the Web of Science (WoS) database in the descriptive and bibliometric analyses. The bibliometric analysis was performed using the VOSviewer software. The descriptive analysis portrayed the profile of this research stream. The systematisation of the co-word occurrence analysis describes the four clusters that comprise the conceptual structure of this research field. The content analysis of the bibliographic coupling of documents’ clusters portrays the seven clusters that involve the intellectual structure of this research area. The integrated and holistic approach adopted in this study provides a detailed overview of the literature on business models of SMEs. We propose an integrative framework for the literature that bridges the main themes that form the conceptual and intellectual structure of this field of research. A comprehensive agenda for future research is suggested and implications for theory, policy and practice are stated.Innovative business models of SMEs: state-of-the-art and future research agenda
Joao J. Ferreira, Ana Joana Candeias Fernandes, Stephan Gerschewski
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper reviews the literature on the business models of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It seeks to examine the profile, conceptual and intellectual structure of the literature whilst leveraging the findings to suggest promising future paths to advance our knowledge on business models of SMEs.

The study resorts to a systematic literature review that conducts descriptive, bibliometric (i.e. co-word occurrence analysis and bibliographic coupling of documents analysis) and content analyses to review the literature on business models of SMEs. The research protocol included 301 articles collected in the Web of Science (WoS) database in the descriptive and bibliometric analyses. The bibliometric analysis was performed using the VOSviewer software.

The descriptive analysis portrayed the profile of this research stream. The systematisation of the co-word occurrence analysis describes the four clusters that comprise the conceptual structure of this research field. The content analysis of the bibliographic coupling of documents’ clusters portrays the seven clusters that involve the intellectual structure of this research area.

The integrated and holistic approach adopted in this study provides a detailed overview of the literature on business models of SMEs. We propose an integrative framework for the literature that bridges the main themes that form the conceptual and intellectual structure of this field of research. A comprehensive agenda for future research is suggested and implications for theory, policy and practice are stated.

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Innovative business models of SMEs: state-of-the-art and future research agenda10.1108/JSBED-10-2023-0505Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-03-13© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedJoao J. FerreiraAna Joana Candeias FernandesStephan GerschewskiJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-1310.1108/JSBED-10-2023-0505https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-10-2023-0505/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Social venture performance, impact and strategic marketing effectiveness in turbulent environmentshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-11-2022-0469/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe social venture (SV) is an increasingly popular form of organization to pursue social goals using a commercial approach. Although marketing plays an important role in SV research and a key driver of the performance of SVs, how and the extent to which market conditions play a role remains understudied. This study examines if market turbulence can moderate marketing capabilities and performance relationships. The authors developed several hypotheses rooted in the marketing literature and tested them using data collected from a sample of 109 SVs from East Asia (i.e. Hong Kong and Taiwan). Using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling, the authors analyzed the marketing capabilities and financial and social performance relationships and the positive moderating role of market turbulence. The results suggested that market turbulence is a positive moderator which influences the effect of the marketing capabilities–financial performance relationship, but not the marketing capabilities and social performance relationship. This paper attempts to interrogate the SV's marketing capabilities–performance relationship in the East Asian context and how market turbulence may enhance or weaken the relationship. This is one of the earliest papers in this research area. The key findings from this research offer valuable theoretical contribution to the study of SV performance.Social venture performance, impact and strategic marketing effectiveness in turbulent environments
Kim Man Erica Lee, Yanto Chandra, Ho Lee
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The social venture (SV) is an increasingly popular form of organization to pursue social goals using a commercial approach. Although marketing plays an important role in SV research and a key driver of the performance of SVs, how and the extent to which market conditions play a role remains understudied. This study examines if market turbulence can moderate marketing capabilities and performance relationships.

The authors developed several hypotheses rooted in the marketing literature and tested them using data collected from a sample of 109 SVs from East Asia (i.e. Hong Kong and Taiwan). Using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling, the authors analyzed the marketing capabilities and financial and social performance relationships and the positive moderating role of market turbulence.

The results suggested that market turbulence is a positive moderator which influences the effect of the marketing capabilities–financial performance relationship, but not the marketing capabilities and social performance relationship.

This paper attempts to interrogate the SV's marketing capabilities–performance relationship in the East Asian context and how market turbulence may enhance or weaken the relationship. This is one of the earliest papers in this research area. The key findings from this research offer valuable theoretical contribution to the study of SV performance.

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Social venture performance, impact and strategic marketing effectiveness in turbulent environments10.1108/JSBED-11-2022-0469Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-11-24© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedKim Man Erica LeeYanto ChandraHo LeeJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2410.1108/JSBED-11-2022-0469https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-11-2022-0469/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The role of social media in building trust, self-perceived creativity and satisfaction for millennial entrepreneurshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-11-2022-0482/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to investigate the role of social media in increasing trust, self-perceived creativity and millennial entrepreneurial satisfaction. The empirical analysis was conducted using a sample of 385 millennial entrepreneurs that were recruited for online survey. After conducting reliability and validity tests, the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results showed that the quality of social media information had a direct and indirect positive and significant effect on trust and satisfaction. Social media marketing activities had a direct and indirect positive and significant effect on trust and self-perceived creativity. System Quality of social media also has a significant direct influence on trust. However, there is no direct relationship to satisfaction. Finally, social media marketing activities have a significant direct effect on trust and satisfaction. This research can contribute to marketing experts and millennial entrepreneurs in improving the quality of advertising information and the credibility of social media used to support creativity, trust and satisfaction. In addition, marketing experts and millennial entrepreneurs with online-based communities should optimize their marketing activities on social media. This study has shown a more comprehensive model of the relationship between information quality, system quality, social media marketing activities, self-perceived creativity, trust and satisfaction. This study also reveals a significant direct and indirect effect of social media marketing activities on satisfaction.The role of social media in building trust, self-perceived creativity and satisfaction for millennial entrepreneurs
Rahmad Solling Hamid, Imran Ukkas, Goso Goso, Abror Abror, Suhardi M. Anwar, Abdul Razak Munir
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to investigate the role of social media in increasing trust, self-perceived creativity and millennial entrepreneurial satisfaction.

The empirical analysis was conducted using a sample of 385 millennial entrepreneurs that were recruited for online survey. After conducting reliability and validity tests, the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

The results showed that the quality of social media information had a direct and indirect positive and significant effect on trust and satisfaction. Social media marketing activities had a direct and indirect positive and significant effect on trust and self-perceived creativity. System Quality of social media also has a significant direct influence on trust. However, there is no direct relationship to satisfaction. Finally, social media marketing activities have a significant direct effect on trust and satisfaction.

This research can contribute to marketing experts and millennial entrepreneurs in improving the quality of advertising information and the credibility of social media used to support creativity, trust and satisfaction. In addition, marketing experts and millennial entrepreneurs with online-based communities should optimize their marketing activities on social media.

This study has shown a more comprehensive model of the relationship between information quality, system quality, social media marketing activities, self-perceived creativity, trust and satisfaction. This study also reveals a significant direct and indirect effect of social media marketing activities on satisfaction.

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The role of social media in building trust, self-perceived creativity and satisfaction for millennial entrepreneurs10.1108/JSBED-11-2022-0482Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2023-08-16© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRahmad Solling HamidImran UkkasGoso GosoAbror AbrorSuhardi M. AnwarAbdul Razak MunirJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-1610.1108/JSBED-11-2022-0482https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-11-2022-0482/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
An examination of spiritual capital and innovation: insights from high-growth aspiration entrepreneurs in a developing economyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-12-2022-0504/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aimed to examine the relationship between spiritual capital and small business innovation in a developing market economy and the highly religious society of Minangkabau. A quantitative method was used by analyzing the data with partial least squares (PLS), comprising 278 entrepreneurial and high-growth aspiration small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) owners in a developing economy such as Indonesia. The results showed that spiritual capital was a source of acquiring knowledge from innovation failure situations, serving as a catalyst for the occurrence of novelty and differentiation-related innovation. The perspective of spiritual capital was provided within a religious community, showing that future reports should produce comparative analyses from varying contexts. Since understanding entrepreneurs' perspectives and spiritual capital situation remained ambiguous, the performance of qualitative analysis was crucial. Entrepreneurs were expected to obtain considerable benefits from spiritual capital as a source of inspiration for differentiation and higher levels of novelty-related innovation. Similarly, policymakers should implement the capital and learn from failure to evaluate entrepreneurial SMEs concerning their capabilities. Previous studies were unable to acknowledge an alternative source of innovation in a specific context, such as entrepreneurial SMEs with high-growth aspirations and spiritual capital. This is because capital contributes to innovation, helps in the assimilation of innovative knowledge and causes novelty-related innovation.An examination of spiritual capital and innovation: insights from high-growth aspiration entrepreneurs in a developing economy
Donard Games, Tri Siwi Agustina, Rambat Lupiyoadi, Rayna Kartika
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aimed to examine the relationship between spiritual capital and small business innovation in a developing market economy and the highly religious society of Minangkabau.

A quantitative method was used by analyzing the data with partial least squares (PLS), comprising 278 entrepreneurial and high-growth aspiration small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) owners in a developing economy such as Indonesia.

The results showed that spiritual capital was a source of acquiring knowledge from innovation failure situations, serving as a catalyst for the occurrence of novelty and differentiation-related innovation.

The perspective of spiritual capital was provided within a religious community, showing that future reports should produce comparative analyses from varying contexts. Since understanding entrepreneurs' perspectives and spiritual capital situation remained ambiguous, the performance of qualitative analysis was crucial.

Entrepreneurs were expected to obtain considerable benefits from spiritual capital as a source of inspiration for differentiation and higher levels of novelty-related innovation. Similarly, policymakers should implement the capital and learn from failure to evaluate entrepreneurial SMEs concerning their capabilities.

Previous studies were unable to acknowledge an alternative source of innovation in a specific context, such as entrepreneurial SMEs with high-growth aspirations and spiritual capital. This is because capital contributes to innovation, helps in the assimilation of innovative knowledge and causes novelty-related innovation.

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An examination of spiritual capital and innovation: insights from high-growth aspiration entrepreneurs in a developing economy10.1108/JSBED-12-2022-0504Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-02-05© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedDonard GamesTri Siwi AgustinaRambat LupiyoadiRayna KartikaJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0510.1108/JSBED-12-2022-0504https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-12-2022-0504/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Entrepreneurship by Ph.D. students: intentions, human capital and university support structureshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-12-2022-0525/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestDoctoral students are promising entrepreneurial actors in university-based ventures, which positively impact the external environment and create value for their universities. In this article, the authors extend current research on academic entrepreneurship by shedding light on the role of university support in the early stage of Ph.D. entrepreneurship. Based on social information processing theory, the authors posit that academic entrepreneurship results from the interplay between doctoral students' human capital and university-level support. A multilevel model is proposed and empirically tested to shed light on the cradle of doctoral students' entrepreneurship by explaining the variance of their entrepreneurial alertness and intentions. A model is proposed that explains the combined effect of specific human capital and different forms of university support on doctoral students' cognitive transition from entrepreneurial alertness to intentions. The model was then tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) and multigroup analysis (MGA) on a sample of 187 doctoral students enrolled in Italian universities. The SEM results reveal that doctoral students' entrepreneurial alertness is influenced by perceived educational support and human capital. The MGA demonstrates that those who perceive a higher level of support for concept and business development from universities are more likely to convert their alertness into intentions than those who perceive lower support. The present paper brings to the stage doctoral students as an extremely promising entrepreneurial target. In doing so, it extends academic entrepreneurship studies by detailing how and when the different forms of university support influence their entrepreneurial decisions, along with individual dimensions.Entrepreneurship by Ph.D. students: intentions, human capital and university support structures
Matteo Opizzi, Michela Loi, Orsola Macis
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Doctoral students are promising entrepreneurial actors in university-based ventures, which positively impact the external environment and create value for their universities. In this article, the authors extend current research on academic entrepreneurship by shedding light on the role of university support in the early stage of Ph.D. entrepreneurship. Based on social information processing theory, the authors posit that academic entrepreneurship results from the interplay between doctoral students' human capital and university-level support. A multilevel model is proposed and empirically tested to shed light on the cradle of doctoral students' entrepreneurship by explaining the variance of their entrepreneurial alertness and intentions.

A model is proposed that explains the combined effect of specific human capital and different forms of university support on doctoral students' cognitive transition from entrepreneurial alertness to intentions. The model was then tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) and multigroup analysis (MGA) on a sample of 187 doctoral students enrolled in Italian universities.

The SEM results reveal that doctoral students' entrepreneurial alertness is influenced by perceived educational support and human capital. The MGA demonstrates that those who perceive a higher level of support for concept and business development from universities are more likely to convert their alertness into intentions than those who perceive lower support.

The present paper brings to the stage doctoral students as an extremely promising entrepreneurial target. In doing so, it extends academic entrepreneurship studies by detailing how and when the different forms of university support influence their entrepreneurial decisions, along with individual dimensions.

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Entrepreneurship by Ph.D. students: intentions, human capital and university support structures10.1108/JSBED-12-2022-0525Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development2024-01-15© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMatteo OpizziMichela LoiOrsola MacisJournal of Small Business and Enterprise Developmentahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-01-1510.1108/JSBED-12-2022-0525https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-12-2022-0525/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited