Society and Business ReviewTable of Contents for Society and Business Review. List of articles from the current issue, including Just Accepted (EarlyCite)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1746-5680/vol/19/iss/1?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSociety and Business ReviewEmerald Publishing LimitedSociety and Business ReviewSociety and Business Reviewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/journal/3eb77308119a5e493d8126670b1acd42/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:sbr.cover.jpghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1746-5680/vol/19/iss/1?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestWill legalizing corporate social responsibility get businesses to participate in welfare activities – the case of Indiahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-10-2021-0199/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role and impact of state regulation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending on company actions and to examine whether making mandatory CSR encourages businesses to engage in social welfare projects. Additionally, the authors also investigate whether these CSR expenditures can enable India to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. CSR expenditure data from the government repository of 22,531 eligible companies in India were studied from FY2014–2015 to FY2019–2020. CSR spending is further classified according to development areas of Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013, and mapped with the SDGs to see which ones the corporations have prioritized. CSR spending increased from INR 10,066 crore in 2014–2015 to INR 24,689 crore in 2019–2020. Companies have prioritized CSR expenditure on education, followed by health care and rural development. The number of companies spending more than the mandated expenditure increased by around 75% from 2014–2015 to 2019–2020. However, the “comply or explain” approach of the law has led to a major number of companies spending zero on CSR. Companies have generally concentrated on moving CSR funds to designated funds rather than using them for capacity development to instill social responsibility culture. This study provides evidence of the impact of mandatory CSR expenditure on welfare activities and SDGs. Unlike previous research, the results of this study are based on CSR expenditures rather than voluntary CSR scores.Will legalizing corporate social responsibility get businesses to participate in welfare activities – the case of India
Sajith Narayanan, Guru Ashish Singh
Society and Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.1-22

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and impact of state regulation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending on company actions and to examine whether making mandatory CSR encourages businesses to engage in social welfare projects. Additionally, the authors also investigate whether these CSR expenditures can enable India to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030.

CSR expenditure data from the government repository of 22,531 eligible companies in India were studied from FY2014–2015 to FY2019–2020. CSR spending is further classified according to development areas of Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013, and mapped with the SDGs to see which ones the corporations have prioritized.

CSR spending increased from INR 10,066 crore in 2014–2015 to INR 24,689 crore in 2019–2020. Companies have prioritized CSR expenditure on education, followed by health care and rural development. The number of companies spending more than the mandated expenditure increased by around 75% from 2014–2015 to 2019–2020. However, the “comply or explain” approach of the law has led to a major number of companies spending zero on CSR. Companies have generally concentrated on moving CSR funds to designated funds rather than using them for capacity development to instill social responsibility culture.

This study provides evidence of the impact of mandatory CSR expenditure on welfare activities and SDGs. Unlike previous research, the results of this study are based on CSR expenditures rather than voluntary CSR scores.

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Will legalizing corporate social responsibility get businesses to participate in welfare activities – the case of India10.1108/SBR-10-2021-0199Society and Business Review2022-05-25© 2020 Emerald Publishing LimitedSajith NarayananGuru Ashish SinghSociety and Business Review1912022-05-2510.1108/SBR-10-2021-0199https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-10-2021-0199/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited
The mediating role of organizational silence in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational creativityhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-09-2021-0172/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between organizational justice, organizational silence and organizational creativity and to examine the mediating role of organizational silence in the effect of organizational justice on organizational creativity. Research data were collected using a face-to-face survey method applied to employees in the automotive industry in Turkey. The research model and hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling. Research results indicate that organizational justice positively affects organizational silence, organizational creativity is positively affected by organizational justice and organizational silence positively affects organizational creativity. Besides, according to the results, organizational silence has a partial mediating role in the effect of organizational justice on organizational creativity. Although the relationships between organizational justice, organizational silence and organizational creativity were examined in previous studies in the literature, the role of organizational silence in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational creativity was not investigated. Besides, although previous studies examined the mediating role of variables that are thought to have a positive effect on the organization between organizational justice and organizational creativity, they did not study the role of a variable of organizational silence, which is considered negative. For these reasons, this study is predicted to differentiate the perspective in the literature and fills a gap in the literature.The mediating role of organizational silence in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational creativity
Ferit Ölçer, Ömer Faruk Coşkun
Society and Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.23-46

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between organizational justice, organizational silence and organizational creativity and to examine the mediating role of organizational silence in the effect of organizational justice on organizational creativity.

Research data were collected using a face-to-face survey method applied to employees in the automotive industry in Turkey. The research model and hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling.

Research results indicate that organizational justice positively affects organizational silence, organizational creativity is positively affected by organizational justice and organizational silence positively affects organizational creativity. Besides, according to the results, organizational silence has a partial mediating role in the effect of organizational justice on organizational creativity.

Although the relationships between organizational justice, organizational silence and organizational creativity were examined in previous studies in the literature, the role of organizational silence in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational creativity was not investigated. Besides, although previous studies examined the mediating role of variables that are thought to have a positive effect on the organization between organizational justice and organizational creativity, they did not study the role of a variable of organizational silence, which is considered negative. For these reasons, this study is predicted to differentiate the perspective in the literature and fills a gap in the literature.

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The mediating role of organizational silence in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational creativity10.1108/SBR-09-2021-0172Society and Business Review2022-05-23© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedFerit ÖlçerÖmer Faruk CoşkunSociety and Business Review1912022-05-2310.1108/SBR-09-2021-0172https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-09-2021-0172/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
The heterogeneity of institutional investor activists and their counterintuitive tactical interactionshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-02-2022-0035/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestFollowing the traditions of stakeholder salience theory, this paper aims to contend that some institutional investor activists and tactics have more power, legitimacy and urgency than others. The author undertakes an empirical test of a saliency table looking at the effects of institutional investor heterogeneity on portfolio firm responses using ordinal logistic regression. This study found heterogeneity for institutional investor type to drive firm responses but not tactic type raising the importance of the attributes of each type of investor activist. The author found a rank ordering of public pension plans, hedge funds and then private multiemployer funds in saliency to portfolio firms. In addition, the use of proxy-based tactics did not help or hurt each investor type. Both findings challenge prior empirical work. The rank ordering based upon the heterogeneity of institutional investor activists and their tactical interactions are tested providing empirical evidence of the most influential activist investors and tactics in one study, which is rare in the literature.The heterogeneity of institutional investor activists and their counterintuitive tactical interactions
Jason Cavich
Society and Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.47-71

Following the traditions of stakeholder salience theory, this paper aims to contend that some institutional investor activists and tactics have more power, legitimacy and urgency than others.

The author undertakes an empirical test of a saliency table looking at the effects of institutional investor heterogeneity on portfolio firm responses using ordinal logistic regression.

This study found heterogeneity for institutional investor type to drive firm responses but not tactic type raising the importance of the attributes of each type of investor activist. The author found a rank ordering of public pension plans, hedge funds and then private multiemployer funds in saliency to portfolio firms. In addition, the use of proxy-based tactics did not help or hurt each investor type. Both findings challenge prior empirical work.

The rank ordering based upon the heterogeneity of institutional investor activists and their tactical interactions are tested providing empirical evidence of the most influential activist investors and tactics in one study, which is rare in the literature.

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The heterogeneity of institutional investor activists and their counterintuitive tactical interactions10.1108/SBR-02-2022-0035Society and Business Review2022-06-15© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedJason CavichSociety and Business Review1912022-06-1510.1108/SBR-02-2022-0035https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-02-2022-0035/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
“We do care”: the effects of perceived CSR on employee identification - empirical findings from a developing countryhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-06-2021-0091/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAlthough employees are considered key stakeholders, they receive limited attention in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature compared to other stakeholders such as customers. This study aims to address this gap, investigating how different factors, including CSR communication, may affect employee perceptions, and to what extent they can influence or be influenced by CSR activity. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from three multinationals (MNCs) operating in Bangladesh. Mid- and entry-level employees from different departments, namely, marketing, logistics, human resources, IT and finance, were approached for data collection. It is important to note that all the study participants were Bangladeshi. This study demonstrates how CSR perceptions, shaped by the level of employee awareness, personal beliefs about CSR and perceived motivation for adopting CSR, strengthen psychological ties between employees and their organisation. One-way CSR communication adopted by these MNCs disseminates positive information about an organisation’s contribution to society and creates an aspirational and ideational image, which enhances identification, evokes positive in-group biases and encourages employees to defend their organisation against criticism. This study further demonstrates that employee CSR engagement can galvanise their experience of organisational identity, enhance their pride and reinforce their organisational identification. Drawing on social identity theory and the CSR communication model proposed by Morsing and Schultz (2006), this study aims to understand employees’ CSR perceptions and the possible impact of this on their behaviour. Previous studies largely focus on customers’ perceptions of these activities, which means the link between CSR perception and employee behaviour remains unclear. The current study suggests that employees working in Bangladesh will not withdraw support from their organisations if CSR is used to build reputation or public image. The findings extend the literature by arguing that some employees in developing countries not only seek to improve their status by working in a reputed organisation but also tend to engage with CSR activities undertaken by their organisation.“We do care”: the effects of perceived CSR on employee identification - empirical findings from a developing country
Taposh Roy
Society and Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.72-96

Although employees are considered key stakeholders, they receive limited attention in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature compared to other stakeholders such as customers. This study aims to address this gap, investigating how different factors, including CSR communication, may affect employee perceptions, and to what extent they can influence or be influenced by CSR activity.

Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from three multinationals (MNCs) operating in Bangladesh. Mid- and entry-level employees from different departments, namely, marketing, logistics, human resources, IT and finance, were approached for data collection. It is important to note that all the study participants were Bangladeshi.

This study demonstrates how CSR perceptions, shaped by the level of employee awareness, personal beliefs about CSR and perceived motivation for adopting CSR, strengthen psychological ties between employees and their organisation. One-way CSR communication adopted by these MNCs disseminates positive information about an organisation’s contribution to society and creates an aspirational and ideational image, which enhances identification, evokes positive in-group biases and encourages employees to defend their organisation against criticism. This study further demonstrates that employee CSR engagement can galvanise their experience of organisational identity, enhance their pride and reinforce their organisational identification.

Drawing on social identity theory and the CSR communication model proposed by Morsing and Schultz (2006), this study aims to understand employees’ CSR perceptions and the possible impact of this on their behaviour. Previous studies largely focus on customers’ perceptions of these activities, which means the link between CSR perception and employee behaviour remains unclear. The current study suggests that employees working in Bangladesh will not withdraw support from their organisations if CSR is used to build reputation or public image. The findings extend the literature by arguing that some employees in developing countries not only seek to improve their status by working in a reputed organisation but also tend to engage with CSR activities undertaken by their organisation.

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“We do care”: the effects of perceived CSR on employee identification - empirical findings from a developing country10.1108/SBR-06-2021-0091Society and Business Review2022-06-22© 2020 Emerald Publishing LimitedTaposh RoySociety and Business Review1912022-06-2210.1108/SBR-06-2021-0091https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-06-2021-0091/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited
To be more different or just the same? Means versus ends in hybrid organizational legitimacyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0080/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to consider the legitimacy challenges faced by hybrid organizations, examining the narrative strategies hybrids use in responding to these challenges and offering a framework for managers to consider in their choice of narratives. A narrative analysis of texts addressing the legitimacy of the business models used by four hybrid organizations is conducted. The results of the analysis suggest that the nature of conflicting stakeholder demands – centered on goals or means – is an integral factor influencing hybrids’ choice of narrative strategies to emphasize distinctiveness or conformity. This paper adds to extant research examining the challenges hybrid organizations face and emphasizes that the choice of narrative strategies is an important factor hybrids must consider when managing legitimacy. Generalizability is a notable limitation of the case approach; the authors suggest areas for future research to address this limitation. The research offers a practical framework for hybrids’ leaders, as they manage legitimacy, choosing to emphasize distinctiveness or conformity in the face of conflicts regarding goals or means. By studying the legitimacy challenges faced by hybrid organizations, this study can form a more complete view of legitimation, encompassing different types of enterprises offering distinct value propositions.To be more different or just the same? Means versus ends in hybrid organizational legitimacy
Jeffrey Gauthier, Jeffrey A. Kappen, Justin Zuopeng Zhang
Society and Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.97-112

This paper aims to consider the legitimacy challenges faced by hybrid organizations, examining the narrative strategies hybrids use in responding to these challenges and offering a framework for managers to consider in their choice of narratives.

A narrative analysis of texts addressing the legitimacy of the business models used by four hybrid organizations is conducted.

The results of the analysis suggest that the nature of conflicting stakeholder demands – centered on goals or means – is an integral factor influencing hybrids’ choice of narrative strategies to emphasize distinctiveness or conformity.

This paper adds to extant research examining the challenges hybrid organizations face and emphasizes that the choice of narrative strategies is an important factor hybrids must consider when managing legitimacy. Generalizability is a notable limitation of the case approach; the authors suggest areas for future research to address this limitation.

The research offers a practical framework for hybrids’ leaders, as they manage legitimacy, choosing to emphasize distinctiveness or conformity in the face of conflicts regarding goals or means.

By studying the legitimacy challenges faced by hybrid organizations, this study can form a more complete view of legitimation, encompassing different types of enterprises offering distinct value propositions.

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To be more different or just the same? Means versus ends in hybrid organizational legitimacy10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0080Society and Business Review2022-10-10© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedJeffrey GauthierJeffrey A. KappenJustin Zuopeng ZhangSociety and Business Review1912022-10-1010.1108/SBR-03-2022-0080https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0080/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Prudence as an ethical foundation for risk managementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-09-2022-0244/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to draw on historical conceptions of true and false prudence within the broader context of virtue ethics ideas, to create a prudence framework for developing risk-and-ethics cultures in organisations. The authors use a theoretical analytical approach as a means of examining plausible representations of risk as ethical practice. While the ethical ideal of true prudence is explained primarily with reference to psychological theories of generativity, false prudence is explained as undesirable, primarily with reference to psychological problems of narcissism and the broader dark triad. True and false prudence are represented as centring upon very different motivations for foresight, each of which might set the cultural tone for organisational risk management. This paper’s main contribution is therefore to call attention to the benefits for organisations of reflecting upon differences between true and false prudence when planning the risk management they want.Prudence as an ethical foundation for risk management
Alasdair Marshall, Udechukwu Ojiako, Tony Abdoush, Nicholas Vasilakos, Maxwell Chipulu
Society and Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.113-131

This paper aims to draw on historical conceptions of true and false prudence within the broader context of virtue ethics ideas, to create a prudence framework for developing risk-and-ethics cultures in organisations.

The authors use a theoretical analytical approach as a means of examining plausible representations of risk as ethical practice.

While the ethical ideal of true prudence is explained primarily with reference to psychological theories of generativity, false prudence is explained as undesirable, primarily with reference to psychological problems of narcissism and the broader dark triad. True and false prudence are represented as centring upon very different motivations for foresight, each of which might set the cultural tone for organisational risk management.

This paper’s main contribution is therefore to call attention to the benefits for organisations of reflecting upon differences between true and false prudence when planning the risk management they want.

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Prudence as an ethical foundation for risk management10.1108/SBR-09-2022-0244Society and Business Review2023-01-06© 2022 Emerald Publishing LimitedAlasdair MarshallUdechukwu OjiakoTony AbdoushNicholas VasilakosMaxwell ChipuluSociety and Business Review1912023-01-0610.1108/SBR-09-2022-0244https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-09-2022-0244/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
Feeling compassion and responsible but not starting a social venture: role of empathy and moral obligation in social entrepreneurial intentionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-09-2022-0227/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestWhile compassionate and morally motivated people are theorised to be more likely to engage in activities that contribute to the social good, the literature provides contradictory evidence regarding the role of empathy and moral obligation in building social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). This study aims to clarify how empathy and moral obligation influence SEI. The authors used survey data (n = 307) from Bangladesh, a frontier economy, to test the hypothesised relationships between empathy, moral obligation and SEI by applying partial least square–structural equation modelling in Smart PLS 3. They then conducted a second study with a larger sample (n = 339) from Saudi Arabia, an emerging economy, to further investigate how the findings withstand in a different socio-economic context. The findings contradicted extant conceptualisations and revealed that empathy and moral obligation influence SEI indirectly through other individual and contextual factors, such as social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support. The findings indicate that a person with a feeling of compassion and moral responsibility to help others will not start a social venture unless they feel capable and supported to start and run the venture. The study contributes to a contentious area of research in SEI by demonstrating the links between various individual-level (empathy, moral obligation and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy) and contextual-level (perceived social support) variables and their relationship with SEI.Feeling compassion and responsible but not starting a social venture: role of empathy and moral obligation in social entrepreneurial intention
Minhajul Islam Ukil, Abdullah Almashayekhi, Muhammad Shariat Ullah
Society and Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.132-154

While compassionate and morally motivated people are theorised to be more likely to engage in activities that contribute to the social good, the literature provides contradictory evidence regarding the role of empathy and moral obligation in building social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). This study aims to clarify how empathy and moral obligation influence SEI.

The authors used survey data (n = 307) from Bangladesh, a frontier economy, to test the hypothesised relationships between empathy, moral obligation and SEI by applying partial least square–structural equation modelling in Smart PLS 3. They then conducted a second study with a larger sample (n = 339) from Saudi Arabia, an emerging economy, to further investigate how the findings withstand in a different socio-economic context.

The findings contradicted extant conceptualisations and revealed that empathy and moral obligation influence SEI indirectly through other individual and contextual factors, such as social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support. The findings indicate that a person with a feeling of compassion and moral responsibility to help others will not start a social venture unless they feel capable and supported to start and run the venture.

The study contributes to a contentious area of research in SEI by demonstrating the links between various individual-level (empathy, moral obligation and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy) and contextual-level (perceived social support) variables and their relationship with SEI.

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Feeling compassion and responsible but not starting a social venture: role of empathy and moral obligation in social entrepreneurial intention10.1108/SBR-09-2022-0227Society and Business Review2023-04-25© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMinhajul Islam UkilAbdullah AlmashayekhiMuhammad Shariat UllahSociety and Business Review1912023-04-2510.1108/SBR-09-2022-0227https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-09-2022-0227/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Assessing the role of materialism and gratitude in life satisfaction through IPMA: the mediating role of meaningfulness in lifehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0066/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to create a more humane and responsible workplace, individuals’ gratitude and meaningfulness seem of utmost importance. This study is an effort to understand the role of gratitude intent of potential managers. This study examines the psychological characteristic of business students in India. The researchers surveyed 333 Indian students as future managers. The collected data has been analysed with the Smart PLS 3 version to assess the formative-reflective scale by comparing model fit, measurement model and structural modelling. The results establish that gratitude significantly affects the life satisfaction of future managers. Findings also show that materialism is negatively related to life satisfaction and meaningfulness. The importance–performance map analysis finding suggests that meaningfulness in life is a potential indicator of life satisfaction for the population studied. Due to the limited research available on the psychological underpinnings in the Indian context, there is a massive value in examining how materialism and gratitude concurrently and distinctively predict meaning in life and the life satisfaction of future managers. This paper gives a formative explanation of the model consisted gratitude, materialism and meaningfulness in life on the life satisfaction of future managers. This study establishes the importance of meaningfulness of life in attaining life satisfaction for young managers.Assessing the role of materialism and gratitude in life satisfaction through IPMA: the mediating role of meaningfulness in life
Damini Saini, Radha Yadav
Society and Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.155-178

This study aims to create a more humane and responsible workplace, individuals’ gratitude and meaningfulness seem of utmost importance. This study is an effort to understand the role of gratitude intent of potential managers.

This study examines the psychological characteristic of business students in India. The researchers surveyed 333 Indian students as future managers. The collected data has been analysed with the Smart PLS 3 version to assess the formative-reflective scale by comparing model fit, measurement model and structural modelling.

The results establish that gratitude significantly affects the life satisfaction of future managers. Findings also show that materialism is negatively related to life satisfaction and meaningfulness. The importance–performance map analysis finding suggests that meaningfulness in life is a potential indicator of life satisfaction for the population studied.

Due to the limited research available on the psychological underpinnings in the Indian context, there is a massive value in examining how materialism and gratitude concurrently and distinctively predict meaning in life and the life satisfaction of future managers. This paper gives a formative explanation of the model consisted gratitude, materialism and meaningfulness in life on the life satisfaction of future managers. This study establishes the importance of meaningfulness of life in attaining life satisfaction for young managers.

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Assessing the role of materialism and gratitude in life satisfaction through IPMA: the mediating role of meaningfulness in life10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0066Society and Business Review2023-05-11© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedDamini SainiRadha YadavSociety and Business Review1912023-05-1110.1108/SBR-03-2022-0066https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0066/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Sociology of corporate governance and the emerging disintermediationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-01-2023-0028/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to observe and discuss an emerging disintermediation in transportation, finance and health care, and explain how these three key areas depend on intermediary institutions that are the fruit of modern corporate governance conditions that find their roots in classical sociological theory. The authors review and incorporate a diversity of research literature to explain the likelihood for the development and continuation of disintermediation. The authors map two sociological perspectives (Emile Durkheim’s theory of interdependence and Herbert Spencer’s theory of contracts) to two modern corporate governance theories (resource dependence theory and agency theory). The authors then discuss the challenging social situation resulting from modern corporate governance and show how these conditions create the potential for a continuum of disintermediation across the specific and crucial economic sectors of transportation, finance and health care. The implications of this theoretical integration can help organizational leaders navigate complex social and strategic issues and prepare for the consequences that may result from the emerging disintermediation.Sociology of corporate governance and the emerging disintermediation
Joel Bolton, Michele E. Yoder, Ke Gong
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to observe and discuss an emerging disintermediation in transportation, finance and health care, and explain how these three key areas depend on intermediary institutions that are the fruit of modern corporate governance conditions that find their roots in classical sociological theory.

The authors review and incorporate a diversity of research literature to explain the likelihood for the development and continuation of disintermediation.

The authors map two sociological perspectives (Emile Durkheim’s theory of interdependence and Herbert Spencer’s theory of contracts) to two modern corporate governance theories (resource dependence theory and agency theory). The authors then discuss the challenging social situation resulting from modern corporate governance and show how these conditions create the potential for a continuum of disintermediation across the specific and crucial economic sectors of transportation, finance and health care.

The implications of this theoretical integration can help organizational leaders navigate complex social and strategic issues and prepare for the consequences that may result from the emerging disintermediation.

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Sociology of corporate governance and the emerging disintermediation10.1108/SBR-01-2023-0028Society and Business Review2023-08-08© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedJoel BoltonMichele E. YoderKe GongSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-0810.1108/SBR-01-2023-0028https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-01-2023-0028/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The effect of CEOs’ being the only children in the family on their CSR engagementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-01-2023-0033/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to investigate the influence of CEO’s only-child status on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. It seeks to extend the understanding of upper echelon theory by examining unexplored CEO characteristics and their impact on CSR decisions. The paper uses manually collected CEO family information and Chinese Stock and Market Accounting Research data as a basis to examine the influence of CEOs’ early-life experiences on their engagement in CSR activities. The study applies attachment security theory from developmental psychology and uses upper echelon theory, particularly focusing on CEOs’ only-child status. A comparative analysis of philanthropic donations between CEOs who are only children and those who have siblings is conducted. The study also examines the moderating effects of corporate slack resources and CEO shareholdings. Preliminary findings suggest that CEOs who are only children are more likely to engage in CSR compared to their counterparts with siblings. However, the difference in donation amounts between the two groups tends to attenuate with decreased slack resources and increased CEO shareholdings. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research represents the first attempt to investigate being the only child in one’s family and the CSR-related decision of CEOs, which extends the upper echelon theory by introducing the family science theory into the management domain.The effect of CEOs’ being the only children in the family on their CSR engagement
Rong Huang, Guang Yang, Xiaoye Chen, Yuxin Chen
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to investigate the influence of CEO’s only-child status on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. It seeks to extend the understanding of upper echelon theory by examining unexplored CEO characteristics and their impact on CSR decisions.

The paper uses manually collected CEO family information and Chinese Stock and Market Accounting Research data as a basis to examine the influence of CEOs’ early-life experiences on their engagement in CSR activities. The study applies attachment security theory from developmental psychology and uses upper echelon theory, particularly focusing on CEOs’ only-child status. A comparative analysis of philanthropic donations between CEOs who are only children and those who have siblings is conducted. The study also examines the moderating effects of corporate slack resources and CEO shareholdings.

Preliminary findings suggest that CEOs who are only children are more likely to engage in CSR compared to their counterparts with siblings. However, the difference in donation amounts between the two groups tends to attenuate with decreased slack resources and increased CEO shareholdings.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research represents the first attempt to investigate being the only child in one’s family and the CSR-related decision of CEOs, which extends the upper echelon theory by introducing the family science theory into the management domain.

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The effect of CEOs’ being the only children in the family on their CSR engagement10.1108/SBR-01-2023-0033Society and Business Review2023-09-11© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRong HuangGuang YangXiaoye ChenYuxin ChenSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-09-1110.1108/SBR-01-2023-0033https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-01-2023-0033/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Environmental catastrophes and organizational ambidexterity: lessons from the Covid-19 experiencehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-02-2023-0039/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTaking an organizational perspective, this paper aims to understand how organizations respond to such strong and concurrent societal effects, and to answer the question, “How should researchers conceptualize the symbiotic relationship between society and business during a catastrophic societal event?” The authors highlight through numerous examples, the impact of COVID-19 on society is well-evidenced in the research. They also draw on such evidence of the effects of catastrophic societal events like COVID-19 to support the appropriateness of this conceptualization. The authors found that organizations that use both short- and long-term activities concurrently are better able to tackle the concurrent short- and long-term effects of catastrophic events like COVID-19. The authors use ambidexterity theory, supported by evidence derived from organizational responses to COVID-19, to offer a new and more comprehensive conceptualization that frames the concurrent and interrelated short-term and long-term organizational response to a catastrophic societal event. Further, they highlight the importance of studying such organizational responses in the context of the organization’s referent groups.Environmental catastrophes and organizational ambidexterity: lessons from the Covid-19 experience
Md Kamrul Hasan, Derrick D'Souza
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Taking an organizational perspective, this paper aims to understand how organizations respond to such strong and concurrent societal effects, and to answer the question, “How should researchers conceptualize the symbiotic relationship between society and business during a catastrophic societal event?”

The authors highlight through numerous examples, the impact of COVID-19 on society is well-evidenced in the research. They also draw on such evidence of the effects of catastrophic societal events like COVID-19 to support the appropriateness of this conceptualization.

The authors found that organizations that use both short- and long-term activities concurrently are better able to tackle the concurrent short- and long-term effects of catastrophic events like COVID-19.

The authors use ambidexterity theory, supported by evidence derived from organizational responses to COVID-19, to offer a new and more comprehensive conceptualization that frames the concurrent and interrelated short-term and long-term organizational response to a catastrophic societal event. Further, they highlight the importance of studying such organizational responses in the context of the organization’s referent groups.

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Environmental catastrophes and organizational ambidexterity: lessons from the Covid-19 experience10.1108/SBR-02-2023-0039Society and Business Review2023-10-23© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMd Kamrul HasanDerrick D'SouzaSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-10-2310.1108/SBR-02-2023-0039https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-02-2023-0039/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The impact of female representation and ethnic diversity in committees on environmental, social and governance performance in Malaysiahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-02-2023-0052/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to explore how females on committees (FOC) and committee ethnic diversity (CED) impact environmental, social and governance performance (ESGP). This study examines 126 listed firms under the coverage of FTSE ESG Ratings in Bursa Malaysia between 2017 and 2019. This study applies partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the hypotheses. While the risk of common method variance is minimised using multiple data sources for the analysis, instrumental variable-free approach, i.e. Gaussian copula method which is implemented in SmartPLS 4.0 has been used to address the potential endogeneity of the model. Empirical evidence demonstrates significant positive direct relationships between FOC and ESGP, as well as CED and ESGP. The argument of resource dependence theory and positive empirical results on the two direct relationships hold firm despite several committees being aggregated as one construct with the aim of providing different insights into the literature. This study provides implications for firm leadership to consider reviewing the composition of committees by increasing female representation while striking a balance in the appointment of committee members of different ethnicities to enhance firm ESGP. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study adopts a holistic approach by capturing, for the first time, the female representation of audit, nomination, remuneration and risk management committees. These dimensions are further developed into a single quantifiable variable, presented as FOC. Similarly, the ethnic diversity of the respective committees is aggregated and developed into a single quantifiable construct: the CED. Unlike most existing studies that commonly use econometric software, the application of PLS-SEM in this study contributes to the limited body of corporate governance and ESG studies that use PLS-SEM.The impact of female representation and ethnic diversity in committees on environmental, social and governance performance in Malaysia
Shy Lih Wong
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to explore how females on committees (FOC) and committee ethnic diversity (CED) impact environmental, social and governance performance (ESGP).

This study examines 126 listed firms under the coverage of FTSE ESG Ratings in Bursa Malaysia between 2017 and 2019. This study applies partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the hypotheses. While the risk of common method variance is minimised using multiple data sources for the analysis, instrumental variable-free approach, i.e. Gaussian copula method which is implemented in SmartPLS 4.0 has been used to address the potential endogeneity of the model.

Empirical evidence demonstrates significant positive direct relationships between FOC and ESGP, as well as CED and ESGP. The argument of resource dependence theory and positive empirical results on the two direct relationships hold firm despite several committees being aggregated as one construct with the aim of providing different insights into the literature.

This study provides implications for firm leadership to consider reviewing the composition of committees by increasing female representation while striking a balance in the appointment of committee members of different ethnicities to enhance firm ESGP.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study adopts a holistic approach by capturing, for the first time, the female representation of audit, nomination, remuneration and risk management committees. These dimensions are further developed into a single quantifiable variable, presented as FOC. Similarly, the ethnic diversity of the respective committees is aggregated and developed into a single quantifiable construct: the CED. Unlike most existing studies that commonly use econometric software, the application of PLS-SEM in this study contributes to the limited body of corporate governance and ESG studies that use PLS-SEM.

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The impact of female representation and ethnic diversity in committees on environmental, social and governance performance in Malaysia10.1108/SBR-02-2023-0052Society and Business Review2023-07-19© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedShy Lih WongSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-07-1910.1108/SBR-02-2023-0052https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-02-2023-0052/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Ethical decision-making in East Africa: predictors of whistleblowing intentionhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0067/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to understand employees’ propensity to blow the whistle in two East African countries. This study develops a model of ethical decision-making (EDM) to assist management in predicting the probability of whistleblowing in Kenya and Uganda. It also seeks to find the moderating effect of perceived retaliation on whistleblowing intention. This study administers a standardized questionnaire to employees in Kenya and Uganda to measure their perceptions about whistleblowing in their organizations. This study uses partial least square structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. This study uses four constructs, namely, awareness, judgment, retaliation and likelihood, of blowing the whistle. These constructs are measured with multiple-item scales. The results show that ethical awareness and judgment significantly increase willingness to engage in whistleblowing in East Africa. However, this study does not find a significant retaliation effect on whistleblowing intention. Instead, this study finds that awareness and judgment mediate between retaliation and willingness to engage in whistleblowing. This study contributes to EDM topics. It advances the understanding of the whistleblowing concept, the retaliation effect and the reasons to encourage blowing the whistle in Africa. However, this study did not consider cultural factors, such as nationality, patriotism and ethnicity. Moreover, the results are only based on data from Uganda and Kenya and may not apply to other sub-Saharan nations. These findings are particularly significant for managers and policymakers in East Africa, where fear of retaliation and lack of awareness are the main barriers to whistleblowing. The results may help managers develop human resource practices to include policies to support moral behavior. It may also provide insights to the policymakers to understand the factors that facilitate whistleblowing practices and help them to adopt new strategies or policies to stimulate whistleblowing culture. This study is one of the initial empirical studies in the East Africa context to explore the EDM predictors and the impact of retaliation on the whistleblowing intention.Ethical decision-making in East Africa: predictors of whistleblowing intention
Meysam Manesh, Assad Tavakoli, Adebukola E. Oyewunmi, Soma Pillay
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to understand employees’ propensity to blow the whistle in two East African countries. This study develops a model of ethical decision-making (EDM) to assist management in predicting the probability of whistleblowing in Kenya and Uganda. It also seeks to find the moderating effect of perceived retaliation on whistleblowing intention.

This study administers a standardized questionnaire to employees in Kenya and Uganda to measure their perceptions about whistleblowing in their organizations. This study uses partial least square structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. This study uses four constructs, namely, awareness, judgment, retaliation and likelihood, of blowing the whistle. These constructs are measured with multiple-item scales.

The results show that ethical awareness and judgment significantly increase willingness to engage in whistleblowing in East Africa. However, this study does not find a significant retaliation effect on whistleblowing intention. Instead, this study finds that awareness and judgment mediate between retaliation and willingness to engage in whistleblowing.

This study contributes to EDM topics. It advances the understanding of the whistleblowing concept, the retaliation effect and the reasons to encourage blowing the whistle in Africa. However, this study did not consider cultural factors, such as nationality, patriotism and ethnicity. Moreover, the results are only based on data from Uganda and Kenya and may not apply to other sub-Saharan nations.

These findings are particularly significant for managers and policymakers in East Africa, where fear of retaliation and lack of awareness are the main barriers to whistleblowing. The results may help managers develop human resource practices to include policies to support moral behavior. It may also provide insights to the policymakers to understand the factors that facilitate whistleblowing practices and help them to adopt new strategies or policies to stimulate whistleblowing culture.

This study is one of the initial empirical studies in the East Africa context to explore the EDM predictors and the impact of retaliation on the whistleblowing intention.

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Ethical decision-making in East Africa: predictors of whistleblowing intention10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0067Society and Business Review2024-02-01© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedMeysam ManeshAssad TavakoliAdebukola E. OyewunmiSoma PillaySociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0110.1108/SBR-03-2022-0067https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2022-0067/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
The idea of adaptation in transaction cost economics: an application to stakeholder theoryhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0072/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTransaction cost economics sees a broad spectrum of governance structures spanned by two types of economic adaptation: autonomous and cooperative. Stakeholder theorists have drawn much inspiration from transaction cost economics but have not paid explicit attention to the centrality of the idea of adaptation in this literature. This study aims to address this gap. The authors develop a novel conceptual framework applying the distinction between the two types of economic adaptation to stakeholder theory. The authors argue that the idea of cooperative adaptation is particularly useful for describing the firm’s collaboration with primary stakeholders in the joint value creation process. In contrast, autonomous adaptation is more relevant for firms interacting with secondary stakeholders who are not directly engaged in joint value creation and may not have formal contractual relationships with the firm. Accordingly, cooperative adaptation can be seen as vital for resolving team production problems affecting joint value creation, whereas autonomous adaptation addresses how the firm maintains legitimacy within the larger stakeholder environment. Similar to its significance for transaction cost economics, the distinction between the two types of adaptation equips stakeholder theory with a new systematic understanding of a potentially broad spectrum of firm–stakeholder collaboration forms.The idea of adaptation in transaction cost economics: an application to stakeholder theory
Vladislav Valentinov, Constantine Iliopoulos
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Transaction cost economics sees a broad spectrum of governance structures spanned by two types of economic adaptation: autonomous and cooperative. Stakeholder theorists have drawn much inspiration from transaction cost economics but have not paid explicit attention to the centrality of the idea of adaptation in this literature. This study aims to address this gap.

The authors develop a novel conceptual framework applying the distinction between the two types of economic adaptation to stakeholder theory.

The authors argue that the idea of cooperative adaptation is particularly useful for describing the firm’s collaboration with primary stakeholders in the joint value creation process. In contrast, autonomous adaptation is more relevant for firms interacting with secondary stakeholders who are not directly engaged in joint value creation and may not have formal contractual relationships with the firm. Accordingly, cooperative adaptation can be seen as vital for resolving team production problems affecting joint value creation, whereas autonomous adaptation addresses how the firm maintains legitimacy within the larger stakeholder environment.

Similar to its significance for transaction cost economics, the distinction between the two types of adaptation equips stakeholder theory with a new systematic understanding of a potentially broad spectrum of firm–stakeholder collaboration forms.

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The idea of adaptation in transaction cost economics: an application to stakeholder theory10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0072Society and Business Review2024-02-05© 2024 Vladislav Valentinov and Constantine Iliopoulos.Vladislav ValentinovConstantine IliopoulosSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0510.1108/SBR-03-2023-0072https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0072/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Vladislav Valentinov and Constantine Iliopoulos.
CEO narcissism and CSR: role of organizational virtue orientationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0080/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to explore how CEO narcissism drives investment in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its mediating mechanism. This study includes panel regression based on archival data. CEO narcissism leads to signaling of organizational virtuous orientation that results in increase in CSR investment. Relevance of CEO traits on CSR remains unexplored in emerging markets context, especially the underlying mechanism. This study uncovers these mechanisms.CEO narcissism and CSR: role of organizational virtue orientation
Arpita Agnihotri, Saurabh Bhattacharya
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to explore how CEO narcissism drives investment in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its mediating mechanism.

This study includes panel regression based on archival data.

CEO narcissism leads to signaling of organizational virtuous orientation that results in increase in CSR investment.

Relevance of CEO traits on CSR remains unexplored in emerging markets context, especially the underlying mechanism. This study uncovers these mechanisms.

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CEO narcissism and CSR: role of organizational virtue orientation10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0080Society and Business Review2023-08-29© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedArpita AgnihotriSaurabh BhattacharyaSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-2910.1108/SBR-03-2023-0080https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0080/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Organizational stakeholders and environmental sustainability investment: does China’s regional heterogeneity matter?https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0085/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestGiven the regional diversity in China, this study aims to provide an empirical evaluation of how organizational stakeholders (i.e. customers, employees, suppliers and shareholders) affect corporate environmental sustainability investment (ESI). To empirically investigate the influence of organizational stakeholders on ESI, this study used regional-level data consists of Chinese A-share stocks for the years 2009–2019. This study’s findings show that pressure from customers, employees and suppliers has a significant effect on corporate ESI, with customers being the most important stakeholder group. Shareholders, by contrast, have no significant influence on ESI. The influence of these pressures is more pronounced in developed regions (the east) than in less developed (the west) localities of China. This study complements the stakeholder–institutional perspective by implying to consider the differentiated logics of the contesting stakeholders in the nonmarket operations. Practically, this study poses that managers must realize the heterogeneity of pressures from stakeholders and the differentiated impact of these pressures keeping in view the institutional differences in different regions. Our study reports initial empirical evidence that shows how regional differences influence the role of stakeholders in determining corporate environmental strategy.Organizational stakeholders and environmental sustainability investment: does China’s regional heterogeneity matter?
Fahad Khalid, Khwaja Naveed, Cosmina Lelia Voinea, Petru L. Curseu, Sun Xinhui
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Given the regional diversity in China, this study aims to provide an empirical evaluation of how organizational stakeholders (i.e. customers, employees, suppliers and shareholders) affect corporate environmental sustainability investment (ESI).

To empirically investigate the influence of organizational stakeholders on ESI, this study used regional-level data consists of Chinese A-share stocks for the years 2009–2019.

This study’s findings show that pressure from customers, employees and suppliers has a significant effect on corporate ESI, with customers being the most important stakeholder group. Shareholders, by contrast, have no significant influence on ESI. The influence of these pressures is more pronounced in developed regions (the east) than in less developed (the west) localities of China.

This study complements the stakeholder–institutional perspective by implying to consider the differentiated logics of the contesting stakeholders in the nonmarket operations.

Practically, this study poses that managers must realize the heterogeneity of pressures from stakeholders and the differentiated impact of these pressures keeping in view the institutional differences in different regions.

Our study reports initial empirical evidence that shows how regional differences influence the role of stakeholders in determining corporate environmental strategy.

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Organizational stakeholders and environmental sustainability investment: does China’s regional heterogeneity matter?10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0085Society and Business Review2023-10-03© 2023 Fahad Khalid, Khwaja Naveed, Cosmina Lelia Voinea, Petru L. Curseu and Sun Xinhui.Fahad KhalidKhwaja NaveedCosmina Lelia VoineaPetru L. CurseuSun XinhuiSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-10-0310.1108/SBR-03-2023-0085https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-03-2023-0085/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Fahad Khalid, Khwaja Naveed, Cosmina Lelia Voinea, Petru L. Curseu and Sun Xinhui.
Bringing home the bacon: do politicians on boards increase firms’ government contracts?https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-04-2023-0102/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe US Federal Government awards contracts worth hundreds of billions of dollars each year. Many firms that rely on these contracts have appointed former government officials to their corporate boards in the hopes of securing government contracts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between these government experienced directors (GEDs) on boards and firms being awarded government contracts. The paper compiles a panel data set from 2017 to 2020 for S&P 500 firms. This includes hand-collected data for government-experienced directors on boards. This is tested using both regression and analysis of variance methodologies. Results find that former government officials on corporate boards increase the amount of government contracts secured by the firm, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of firms’ revenue. There are significant industry level effects for the health care and financials sectors. Government-experienced directors on boards are also positively related to firms receiving COVID contracts. Lobbying was not found to be related to the securing of regular government contracts but was positively related to firms obtaining COVID contracts. This paper contributes to the literature by using panel data, an expanded definition of GEDs and data on COVID contracts. The “revolving door” between government and firms is paying off for companies.Bringing home the bacon: do politicians on boards increase firms’ government contracts?
Tyler Wasson, Michael Quinn
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The US Federal Government awards contracts worth hundreds of billions of dollars each year. Many firms that rely on these contracts have appointed former government officials to their corporate boards in the hopes of securing government contracts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between these government experienced directors (GEDs) on boards and firms being awarded government contracts.

The paper compiles a panel data set from 2017 to 2020 for S&P 500 firms. This includes hand-collected data for government-experienced directors on boards. This is tested using both regression and analysis of variance methodologies.

Results find that former government officials on corporate boards increase the amount of government contracts secured by the firm, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of firms’ revenue. There are significant industry level effects for the health care and financials sectors. Government-experienced directors on boards are also positively related to firms receiving COVID contracts. Lobbying was not found to be related to the securing of regular government contracts but was positively related to firms obtaining COVID contracts.

This paper contributes to the literature by using panel data, an expanded definition of GEDs and data on COVID contracts. The “revolving door” between government and firms is paying off for companies.

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Bringing home the bacon: do politicians on boards increase firms’ government contracts?10.1108/SBR-04-2023-0102Society and Business Review2023-09-27© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedTyler WassonMichael QuinnSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-09-2710.1108/SBR-04-2023-0102https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-04-2023-0102/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Religious-ethnic entrepreneurs planting seeds: a novel research agendahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-05-2023-0173/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe relationship between ethnicity, religion and entrepreneurship is an emerging field, and an extremely important topic, considering the influence of these drivers on people’s lives and on entrepreneurs’ performance, in particular. This study aims to explore and contribute to a more robust understanding of this relationship. The main trends were disclosed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and VOSviewer. The set of articles cover the annual period from 1973 to 2022. The coupling analysis founded links to produce a framework outlining an integrative state of the art intersecting ethnicity and religion and entrepreneurship spectrum study. The analysis identified integrative relationships between the concepts of ethnicity, religion and entrepreneurship, which describe the direction of literature, resulting in five main categories. This study offers a novel framework and in-depth understanding to delve into this interrelationship research agenda. Guided by the gaps in the literature, a set of outstanding avenues for future research are proposed.Religious-ethnic entrepreneurs planting seeds: a novel research agenda
Clara Margaça, Donizete Rodrigues
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The relationship between ethnicity, religion and entrepreneurship is an emerging field, and an extremely important topic, considering the influence of these drivers on people’s lives and on entrepreneurs’ performance, in particular. This study aims to explore and contribute to a more robust understanding of this relationship.

The main trends were disclosed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and VOSviewer. The set of articles cover the annual period from 1973 to 2022. The coupling analysis founded links to produce a framework outlining an integrative state of the art intersecting ethnicity and religion and entrepreneurship spectrum study.

The analysis identified integrative relationships between the concepts of ethnicity, religion and entrepreneurship, which describe the direction of literature, resulting in five main categories.

This study offers a novel framework and in-depth understanding to delve into this interrelationship research agenda. Guided by the gaps in the literature, a set of outstanding avenues for future research are proposed.

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Religious-ethnic entrepreneurs planting seeds: a novel research agenda10.1108/SBR-05-2023-0173Society and Business Review2023-09-29© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedClara MargaçaDonizete RodriguesSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-09-2910.1108/SBR-05-2023-0173https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-05-2023-0173/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Can money buy happiness? Bribery practices and ethical awareness in emerging marketshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-07-2022-0184/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to examine the relationships among senior managers’ reports of bribery practices, ethical awareness and firm productivity in Thailand. Bribery pervasiveness is examined as moderating the relationship between bribery practices and ethical awareness. Ethical awareness is examined as a mediating effect of bribery practices and managerial perceptions of firm productivity. This study uses a mixed-method approach consisting of interviews with more than 20 senior managers and surveys collected from more than 200 senior managers in Thailand’s manufacturing and construction industries. Hierarchical regression is used to test the hypotheses. Senior managers report that their firms are more likely to flout ethical principles when they perceive that their industries feature widespread bribery practices. However, the tests fail to support the hypothesis that the flouting of ethical principles leads to less productivity. This study contributes to transaction cost economics theory by extending the concept of illegal transaction cost minimization to managerial perceptions of firm productivity. This study also integrates research on bribery rationalization by considering how managerial rationalization and justification of bribery practices impact managerial perceptions of firm productivity and ethical awareness. This research provides managers with an understanding of how attitudes toward ethical conduct and unethical actions impact perceptions of firm productivity.Can money buy happiness? Bribery practices and ethical awareness in emerging markets
Chomsorn Tangdenchai, Asda Chintakananda
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to examine the relationships among senior managers’ reports of bribery practices, ethical awareness and firm productivity in Thailand. Bribery pervasiveness is examined as moderating the relationship between bribery practices and ethical awareness. Ethical awareness is examined as a mediating effect of bribery practices and managerial perceptions of firm productivity.

This study uses a mixed-method approach consisting of interviews with more than 20 senior managers and surveys collected from more than 200 senior managers in Thailand’s manufacturing and construction industries. Hierarchical regression is used to test the hypotheses.

Senior managers report that their firms are more likely to flout ethical principles when they perceive that their industries feature widespread bribery practices. However, the tests fail to support the hypothesis that the flouting of ethical principles leads to less productivity.

This study contributes to transaction cost economics theory by extending the concept of illegal transaction cost minimization to managerial perceptions of firm productivity. This study also integrates research on bribery rationalization by considering how managerial rationalization and justification of bribery practices impact managerial perceptions of firm productivity and ethical awareness. This research provides managers with an understanding of how attitudes toward ethical conduct and unethical actions impact perceptions of firm productivity.

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Can money buy happiness? Bribery practices and ethical awareness in emerging markets10.1108/SBR-07-2022-0184Society and Business Review2024-04-01© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedChomsorn TangdenchaiAsda ChintakanandaSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-04-0110.1108/SBR-07-2022-0184https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-07-2022-0184/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Board attributes, ownership structure, and corporate social responsibility: evidence from A-share listed technological companies in Chinahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-08-2022-0225/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is threefold. The first is to conduct a comprehensive examination of the various board attributes to corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in the Chinese technology industry. The second is to investigate the impact of ownership and board attributes on CSR. The third is to examine the moderating effect of media reporting on the relationship between CSR and company financial performance. All A-share listed Chinese companies during the years 2011–2019 with 1,573 firm-year observations have been investigated for this study. The data are analysed by CSR metrics in the form of environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores using an ordinary least squares regression analysis and fixed effect regression models. The results of this longitudinal study reveal that; no matter whether the companies are state-own or non-state-own, there is a significant positive effect of board independence, monetary incentives, director’s age and board size on the CSR disclosure of the Chinese technology industry. Also, the results support the importance of CSR performance in promoting the corporate financial performance (CFP) of the technology sector. Specifically, media reporting has a positive impact on the CSR reporting of both state-own and non-state-own technological companies in China. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study based on the ESG metrics for analysing the CSR and firm performance relationship conducted in the unique setting of the state-own and non-state-own technological companies in China. The study is an attempt to fill the gap in the extant literature, which has a scarce number of studies focused on the influence of media reporting on the relationship between CSR performance and CFP. This paper not only updates the existing understanding of CSR performance by board attributes and company ownership but also explains the significance of media reporting in enhancing the CSR performance of the Chinese technology industry.Board attributes, ownership structure, and corporate social responsibility: evidence from A-share listed technological companies in China
Angela Kit Fong Ma, Yiming Chen
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is threefold. The first is to conduct a comprehensive examination of the various board attributes to corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in the Chinese technology industry. The second is to investigate the impact of ownership and board attributes on CSR. The third is to examine the moderating effect of media reporting on the relationship between CSR and company financial performance.

All A-share listed Chinese companies during the years 2011–2019 with 1,573 firm-year observations have been investigated for this study. The data are analysed by CSR metrics in the form of environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores using an ordinary least squares regression analysis and fixed effect regression models.

The results of this longitudinal study reveal that; no matter whether the companies are state-own or non-state-own, there is a significant positive effect of board independence, monetary incentives, director’s age and board size on the CSR disclosure of the Chinese technology industry. Also, the results support the importance of CSR performance in promoting the corporate financial performance (CFP) of the technology sector. Specifically, media reporting has a positive impact on the CSR reporting of both state-own and non-state-own technological companies in China.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study based on the ESG metrics for analysing the CSR and firm performance relationship conducted in the unique setting of the state-own and non-state-own technological companies in China. The study is an attempt to fill the gap in the extant literature, which has a scarce number of studies focused on the influence of media reporting on the relationship between CSR performance and CFP. This paper not only updates the existing understanding of CSR performance by board attributes and company ownership but also explains the significance of media reporting in enhancing the CSR performance of the Chinese technology industry.

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Board attributes, ownership structure, and corporate social responsibility: evidence from A-share listed technological companies in China10.1108/SBR-08-2022-0225Society and Business Review2023-05-19© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAngela Kit Fong MaYiming ChenSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-05-1910.1108/SBR-08-2022-0225https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-08-2022-0225/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Corporate social responsibility and employee outcomes: considering employee perspectives on the role of businesshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-10-2022-0262/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to investigate how employee perspectives on the role of business, specifically capitalist beliefs, affect the corporate social responsibility (CSR)–reputation–employee behavior relationship. A conceptual model was developed, and to test the model empirically, survey data were collected over two phases from 192 working professionals. Data were analyzed in SAS using Hayes’s PROCESS approach. Results of this study reveal that the positive employee outcomes (i.e. affective commitment and reduced turnover intentions), resulting from CSR, through perceived employer reputation (i.e. an employee’s perception of how others view their firm), are diminished when employees have strong capitalist beliefs. Building on the signaling and person–organization fit literatures, this study highlights the theoretical and managerial importance of recognizing employees’ ideological differences as well as the value of considering employee perceptions of reputation. Although many stakeholders value social responsibility, not all do, and a firm’s intended outcomes will vary depending on employees’ beliefs. This study demonstrates that CSR not only affects institutional-level corporate reputation, as previously studied, but also affects employees’ behaviors through “perceived employer reputation”, or employee beliefs about how other stakeholders perceive the firm. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of understanding employee differences, including ideological differences, prior to engaging in certain types of CSR.Corporate social responsibility and employee outcomes: considering employee perspectives on the role of business
Kaitlyn DeGhetto, Zachary A Russell, Charn P McAllister
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to investigate how employee perspectives on the role of business, specifically capitalist beliefs, affect the corporate social responsibility (CSR)–reputation–employee behavior relationship.

A conceptual model was developed, and to test the model empirically, survey data were collected over two phases from 192 working professionals. Data were analyzed in SAS using Hayes’s PROCESS approach.

Results of this study reveal that the positive employee outcomes (i.e. affective commitment and reduced turnover intentions), resulting from CSR, through perceived employer reputation (i.e. an employee’s perception of how others view their firm), are diminished when employees have strong capitalist beliefs.

Building on the signaling and person–organization fit literatures, this study highlights the theoretical and managerial importance of recognizing employees’ ideological differences as well as the value of considering employee perceptions of reputation. Although many stakeholders value social responsibility, not all do, and a firm’s intended outcomes will vary depending on employees’ beliefs.

This study demonstrates that CSR not only affects institutional-level corporate reputation, as previously studied, but also affects employees’ behaviors through “perceived employer reputation”, or employee beliefs about how other stakeholders perceive the firm. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of understanding employee differences, including ideological differences, prior to engaging in certain types of CSR.

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Corporate social responsibility and employee outcomes: considering employee perspectives on the role of business10.1108/SBR-10-2022-0262Society and Business Review2023-08-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedKaitlyn DeGhettoZachary A RussellCharn P McAllisterSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-1410.1108/SBR-10-2022-0262https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-10-2022-0262/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
How country governance situation affect firm financing arrangements: empirical evidence from selected Asian economieshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-12-2022-0314/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to explore the potential impact of country-level governance in corporate financing structures. A two-step system generalized method of moment was used due to the endogeneity issue. The whole sample comprises 3,761 firms in five economies – China, India, Pakistan, Singapore and South Korea – from 2007 to 2016. The results indicate that the debt option for financing is not favorable under governments with an adequate governance arrangement. However, there is a direct and significant link between country governance and equity financing because in adequate governance arrangements, the possibilities of information asymmetry are minimal and businesses consider equity a more appropriate and safer financing instrument. In contrast, firms prefer to trade-credit financing in poor governance economies, which confirms an adverse link between trade credit and adequate governance. The country’s governance should be considered a sensitive matter when deciding about corporate financing. This arrangement of variables has not been previously analyzed in the literature, suggesting the study’s novelty.How country governance situation affect firm financing arrangements: empirical evidence from selected Asian economies
Bilal Haider Subhani, Umar Farooq, Khurram Ashfaq, Mosab I. Tabash
Society and Business Review, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to explore the potential impact of country-level governance in corporate financing structures.

A two-step system generalized method of moment was used due to the endogeneity issue. The whole sample comprises 3,761 firms in five economies – China, India, Pakistan, Singapore and South Korea – from 2007 to 2016.

The results indicate that the debt option for financing is not favorable under governments with an adequate governance arrangement. However, there is a direct and significant link between country governance and equity financing because in adequate governance arrangements, the possibilities of information asymmetry are minimal and businesses consider equity a more appropriate and safer financing instrument. In contrast, firms prefer to trade-credit financing in poor governance economies, which confirms an adverse link between trade credit and adequate governance.

The country’s governance should be considered a sensitive matter when deciding about corporate financing.

This arrangement of variables has not been previously analyzed in the literature, suggesting the study’s novelty.

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How country governance situation affect firm financing arrangements: empirical evidence from selected Asian economies10.1108/SBR-12-2022-0314Society and Business Review2023-08-08© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedBilal Haider SubhaniUmar FarooqKhurram AshfaqMosab I. TabashSociety and Business Reviewahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-0810.1108/SBR-12-2022-0314https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBR-12-2022-0314/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited