International Journal of Event and Festival ManagementTable of Contents for International Journal of Event and Festival Management. List of articles from the current issue, including Just Accepted (EarlyCite)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1758-2954/vol/15/iss/1?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestInternational Journal of Event and Festival ManagementEmerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Event and Festival ManagementInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/journal/de161c71cc54bc35c602694f32d5d440/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:ijefm.cover.jpghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1758-2954/vol/15/iss/1?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestGuest editorial: Sharing and belonging in festival and event space: introduction to special issuehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-02-2024-107/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestGuest editorial: Sharing and belonging in festival and event space: introduction to special issueGuest editorial: Sharing and belonging in festival and event space: introduction to special issue
Bernadette Quinn, Maarit Kinnunen
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.1-6]]>
Guest editorial: Sharing and belonging in festival and event space: introduction to special issue10.1108/IJEFM-02-2024-107International Journal of Event and Festival Management2024-03-15© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedBernadette QuinnMaarit KinnunenInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management1512024-03-1510.1108/IJEFM-02-2024-107https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-02-2024-107/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Place-based community events and resistance to territorial stigmatisationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0010/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPlace-based community events fulfil important functions, internally and externally. They provide opportunities for people from diverse communities and cultures to encounter each other, to participate in pleasurable activities in convivial settings and to develop mutual understanding. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value of such events as a means of resisting or challenging the deleterious effects of territorial stigmatisation. The authors explore two place-based community events in areas that have been subject to territorial stigmatisation: Govanhill in Glasgow, Scotland, and South Dunedin, New Zealand. They draw on in-depth case study methods including observation and interviews with key local actors and employ inductive analysis to identify themes across the datasets. The demonstrate how neighbourhood events in both Glasgow and Dunedin actively seek to address some of the deleterious outcomes of territorial stigmatisation by emphasising strength and asset-based discourses about the areas they reflect and represent. In their planning and organisation, both events play an important mediating role in building and empowering community, fostering intercultural encounters with difference and strengthening mutuality within their defined places. They make use of public and semi-public spaces to attract diverse groups while also increasing the visibility of marginalised populations through larger showcase events. The empirical element focuses only on two events, one in Glasgow, Scotland (UK), and the other in South Dunedin (New Zealand). Data generated were wholly qualitative and do not provide quantitative evidence of “change” to material circumstances in either case study community. Helps organisers think about how they need to better understand their communities if they are to attract diverse participation, including how they programme public and semi-public spaces. Place-based community events have significant value to neighbourhoods, and they need to be resourced effectively if they are to sustain the benefits they produce. These events provide an opportunity for diverse communities to encounter each other and celebrate what they share rather than what divides them. This paper is the first to examine how place-based community events help resist narratives of territorial stigmatisation, which produce negative representations about people and their environments. The paper draws on ethnographic insights generated over time rather than a one-off snapshot which undermines some events research.Place-based community events and resistance to territorial stigmatisation
David McGillivray, Trudie Walters, Séverin Guillard
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.7-23

Place-based community events fulfil important functions, internally and externally. They provide opportunities for people from diverse communities and cultures to encounter each other, to participate in pleasurable activities in convivial settings and to develop mutual understanding. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value of such events as a means of resisting or challenging the deleterious effects of territorial stigmatisation.

The authors explore two place-based community events in areas that have been subject to territorial stigmatisation: Govanhill in Glasgow, Scotland, and South Dunedin, New Zealand. They draw on in-depth case study methods including observation and interviews with key local actors and employ inductive analysis to identify themes across the datasets.

The demonstrate how neighbourhood events in both Glasgow and Dunedin actively seek to address some of the deleterious outcomes of territorial stigmatisation by emphasising strength and asset-based discourses about the areas they reflect and represent. In their planning and organisation, both events play an important mediating role in building and empowering community, fostering intercultural encounters with difference and strengthening mutuality within their defined places. They make use of public and semi-public spaces to attract diverse groups while also increasing the visibility of marginalised populations through larger showcase events.

The empirical element focuses only on two events, one in Glasgow, Scotland (UK), and the other in South Dunedin (New Zealand). Data generated were wholly qualitative and do not provide quantitative evidence of “change” to material circumstances in either case study community.

Helps organisers think about how they need to better understand their communities if they are to attract diverse participation, including how they programme public and semi-public spaces.

Place-based community events have significant value to neighbourhoods, and they need to be resourced effectively if they are to sustain the benefits they produce. These events provide an opportunity for diverse communities to encounter each other and celebrate what they share rather than what divides them.

This paper is the first to examine how place-based community events help resist narratives of territorial stigmatisation, which produce negative representations about people and their environments. The paper draws on ethnographic insights generated over time rather than a one-off snapshot which undermines some events research.

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Place-based community events and resistance to territorial stigmatisation10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0010International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-10-20© 2023 David McGillivray, Trudie Walters and Séverin GuillardDavid McGillivrayTrudie WaltersSéverin GuillardInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management1512023-10-2010.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0010https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0010/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 David McGillivray, Trudie Walters and Séverin Guillardhttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Social practices and placemaking: the case of the festival, in Portugalhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0101/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe study aims to understand the meaning of event-based and place-based community practices, as well as the resulting social impacts. An ethnomethodological approach was followed (participant observation and interviews were supplemented by secondary data), with the analysis being exploratory and interpretative. The festival and the place reinforce the community’s social practices, which have impacts beyond the festival, benefiting individuals, the community and the place, becoming a means for valorisation and diffusion of the rural way of life, and placemaking. In this study the authors focus on social practices in the context of an event and of a place (the village where the event occurs). The authors connect to theories of practice, which they apply in the analysis. The value of the study lies on the underlying mechanisms (how communities exercise social practices in the context of festivals, and what social impacts may lead to) rather than its context-dependent specific results. National and regional authorities can play a role in providing local communities with adequate tools to overcome the challenges they encounter. This can be done by issuing appropriate (events) plans and policies while giving room for the locals to voice their opinions. Community-based festivals are key social practices that can strategically impact placemaking, strengthening community bonding, forging connections with outsiders and promoting well-being practices that discourage rural depopulation. There is a scarcity of research that deepens the understanding of the role of festivals in placemaking and their social impacts, particularly in the rural context. This study contributes to closing this gap by focussing on the social practices of a community-based festival in a village in the interior of Portugal.Social practices and placemaking: the case of the festival, in Portugal
Maria Luciana De Almeida, Marisa P. de Brito, Lilian Soares Outtes Wanderley
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.24-42

The study aims to understand the meaning of event-based and place-based community practices, as well as the resulting social impacts.

An ethnomethodological approach was followed (participant observation and interviews were supplemented by secondary data), with the analysis being exploratory and interpretative.

The festival and the place reinforce the community’s social practices, which have impacts beyond the festival, benefiting individuals, the community and the place, becoming a means for valorisation and diffusion of the rural way of life, and placemaking.

In this study the authors focus on social practices in the context of an event and of a place (the village where the event occurs). The authors connect to theories of practice, which they apply in the analysis. The value of the study lies on the underlying mechanisms (how communities exercise social practices in the context of festivals, and what social impacts may lead to) rather than its context-dependent specific results.

National and regional authorities can play a role in providing local communities with adequate tools to overcome the challenges they encounter. This can be done by issuing appropriate (events) plans and policies while giving room for the locals to voice their opinions.

Community-based festivals are key social practices that can strategically impact placemaking, strengthening community bonding, forging connections with outsiders and promoting well-being practices that discourage rural depopulation.

There is a scarcity of research that deepens the understanding of the role of festivals in placemaking and their social impacts, particularly in the rural context. This study contributes to closing this gap by focussing on the social practices of a community-based festival in a village in the interior of Portugal.

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Social practices and placemaking: the case of the festival, in Portugal10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0101International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-12-26© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMaria Luciana De AlmeidaMarisa P. de BritoLilian Soares Outtes WanderleyInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management1512023-12-2610.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0101https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0101/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The use of virtual social networks during the anticipatory phase to reduce perceived crime risk and increase trust in organizershttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0097/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestAcademics recently identified a lack of research regarding who should guide interactions in virtual social networks when risks appear. Data shows that organizers are usually less active than other users in this context, which can lead to negative reactions among attendees. This research examines if and how virtual social network communication guided by an official source (vs a nonofficial source vs control group) reduces perceived crime risks and trust before the event, leading to lower ambivalence and higher intention to attend. The study was conducted in Colombia, a country where many individuals face this type of risk. First-year university students (N = 210) from Colombia were invited to a “Welcome Cocktail”. Two weeks before the cocktail, they were divided into three groups (70 per condition) to receive information. In Group 1, participants were invited to be part of a WhatsApp group administered by one of the organizers. In Group 2, they participated in a WhatsApp group administered by a student. Group 3 was the control (i.e. no virtual communication established before the event). One week after the meeting, they were gathered again and answered a questionnaire, which measured perceived crime risk, trust, ambivalence and intention to attend. Participants in the WhatsApp group administered by an official source perceived lower risk and higher trust in the organizers, which led to lower ambivalence towards the event and higher intention to attend it. The relationship between ambivalence and intention to attend is moderated by the nationality of the participants (locals vs foreigners), such as, at equal levels of ambivalence, foreigners show lower intention to attend the event. This is the first study that compares different approaches on a virtual social network to reduce perceived crime risk in event management. The results present new findings on how the presence of an official source can mitigate this risk, and which potential attendees (i.e. locals vs foreigners) are especially benefited from it. The findings are particularly useful for managers in regions where attendees face crime risks every day, and might feel low trust towards public and private institutions, such as in Colombia.The use of virtual social networks during the anticipatory phase to reduce perceived crime risk and increase trust in organizers
Gonzalo Luna-Cortes
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.43-61

Academics recently identified a lack of research regarding who should guide interactions in virtual social networks when risks appear. Data shows that organizers are usually less active than other users in this context, which can lead to negative reactions among attendees. This research examines if and how virtual social network communication guided by an official source (vs a nonofficial source vs control group) reduces perceived crime risks and trust before the event, leading to lower ambivalence and higher intention to attend. The study was conducted in Colombia, a country where many individuals face this type of risk.

First-year university students (N = 210) from Colombia were invited to a “Welcome Cocktail”. Two weeks before the cocktail, they were divided into three groups (70 per condition) to receive information. In Group 1, participants were invited to be part of a WhatsApp group administered by one of the organizers. In Group 2, they participated in a WhatsApp group administered by a student. Group 3 was the control (i.e. no virtual communication established before the event). One week after the meeting, they were gathered again and answered a questionnaire, which measured perceived crime risk, trust, ambivalence and intention to attend.

Participants in the WhatsApp group administered by an official source perceived lower risk and higher trust in the organizers, which led to lower ambivalence towards the event and higher intention to attend it. The relationship between ambivalence and intention to attend is moderated by the nationality of the participants (locals vs foreigners), such as, at equal levels of ambivalence, foreigners show lower intention to attend the event.

This is the first study that compares different approaches on a virtual social network to reduce perceived crime risk in event management. The results present new findings on how the presence of an official source can mitigate this risk, and which potential attendees (i.e. locals vs foreigners) are especially benefited from it. The findings are particularly useful for managers in regions where attendees face crime risks every day, and might feel low trust towards public and private institutions, such as in Colombia.

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The use of virtual social networks during the anticipatory phase to reduce perceived crime risk and increase trust in organizers10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0097International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-04-26© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedGonzalo Luna-CortesInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management1512023-04-2610.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0097https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0097/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Encountering Irish traditional music through virtual space: the experience of https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0106/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe main research questions critically examine online videos that draw attention to a local community of musical practice, noticing how these can potentially be included within the tourism promotion strategies. This paper develops a case study of four videos realised by the Louth County Board of the organisation Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann (CCÉ) in Co. Louth, Ireland, as a part of the FleadhFest 2021 initiative. It highlights the role that virtual spaces have in enhancing a sense of belonging to a music/festival community as well as the possibility that visual and audio supports have in promoting and celebrating a destination and its cultural features. The analysis involves a netnographic examination of these videos (Janta, 2017), informed by the concept of “tourist gaze” (Urry, 1990; 2002) and influenced by film-induced tourism studies (Beeton, 2005). Results show how festival and event organisers responded to COVID-19 social restrictions by creating a virtual space for celebrating music heritage and local musicscape, placing an emphasis on local musical scene. The research aims to inform future developments in how the organisation operates within and engages with virtual space, its members and a wider audience. This is the first study to consider the virtual activities of CCÉ from an ethnomusicological as well as tourism, perspective.Encountering Irish traditional music through virtual space: the experience of
Leandro Pessina
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.62-84

The main research questions critically examine online videos that draw attention to a local community of musical practice, noticing how these can potentially be included within the tourism promotion strategies. This paper develops a case study of four videos realised by the Louth County Board of the organisation Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann (CCÉ) in Co. Louth, Ireland, as a part of the FleadhFest 2021 initiative. It highlights the role that virtual spaces have in enhancing a sense of belonging to a music/festival community as well as the possibility that visual and audio supports have in promoting and celebrating a destination and its cultural features.

The analysis involves a netnographic examination of these videos (Janta, 2017), informed by the concept of “tourist gaze” (Urry, 1990; 2002) and influenced by film-induced tourism studies (Beeton, 2005).

Results show how festival and event organisers responded to COVID-19 social restrictions by creating a virtual space for celebrating music heritage and local musicscape, placing an emphasis on local musical scene.

The research aims to inform future developments in how the organisation operates within and engages with virtual space, its members and a wider audience.

This is the first study to consider the virtual activities of CCÉ from an ethnomusicological as well as tourism, perspective.

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Encountering Irish traditional music through virtual space: the experience of 10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0106International Journal of Event and Festival Management2024-02-13© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedLeandro PessinaInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management1512024-02-1310.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0106https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0106/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Reminiscence and wellbeing – reflecting on past festival experiences during Covid lockdownshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0007/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTo explore the value in reminiscing about past festivals as a potential way of improving wellbeing in socially isolated times. The paper uses previous research on reminiscence, nostalgia and wellbeing to underpin the analysis of self-recorded memory narratives. These were gathered from 13 pairs of festivalgoers during Covid-19 restrictions and included gathering their individual memories and their reminiscences together. The participant pairs were a mix of friends, family and couples who had visited festivals in the UK, Finland and Denmark. Four key areas that emerged through the analysis were the emotions of nostalgia and anticipation, and the processes of reliving emotions and bonding through memories. Future studies could take a longitudinal approach to see how memory sharing evolves and the impact of this on wellbeing. The authors also recommend undertaking similar studies in other cultural settings. This study findings have implications for both post-festival marketing and for the further development of reminiscence therapy interventions. The method provides a window into memory sharing that has been little used in previous studies. The narratives confirm the value in sharing memories and the positive impact this has on wellbeing. They also illustrate that this happens through positive forms of nostalgia that centre on gratitude and lead to hope and optimism. Anticipation, not emphasised in other studies, was also found to be important in wellbeing and was triggered through looking back at happier times.Reminiscence and wellbeing – reflecting on past festival experiences during Covid lockdowns
Emma Harriet Wood, Maarit Kinnunen
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.85-100

To explore the value in reminiscing about past festivals as a potential way of improving wellbeing in socially isolated times.

The paper uses previous research on reminiscence, nostalgia and wellbeing to underpin the analysis of self-recorded memory narratives. These were gathered from 13 pairs of festivalgoers during Covid-19 restrictions and included gathering their individual memories and their reminiscences together. The participant pairs were a mix of friends, family and couples who had visited festivals in the UK, Finland and Denmark.

Four key areas that emerged through the analysis were the emotions of nostalgia and anticipation, and the processes of reliving emotions and bonding through memories.

Future studies could take a longitudinal approach to see how memory sharing evolves and the impact of this on wellbeing. The authors also recommend undertaking similar studies in other cultural settings.

This study findings have implications for both post-festival marketing and for the further development of reminiscence therapy interventions.

The method provides a window into memory sharing that has been little used in previous studies. The narratives confirm the value in sharing memories and the positive impact this has on wellbeing. They also illustrate that this happens through positive forms of nostalgia that centre on gratitude and lead to hope and optimism. Anticipation, not emphasised in other studies, was also found to be important in wellbeing and was triggered through looking back at happier times.

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Reminiscence and wellbeing – reflecting on past festival experiences during Covid lockdowns10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0007International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-05-05© 2023 Emma Harriet Wood and Maarit KinnunenEmma Harriet WoodMaarit KinnunenInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management1512023-05-0510.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0007https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0007/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emma Harriet Wood and Maarit Kinnunenhttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
The infiltration of LGBTQ+ safe spaceshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-02-2023-0018/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestLGBTQ+ spaces are often considered as safe havens for the LGBTQ+ community, as they can gather free from prejudice and fear. This research explores the effect that heterosexual people attending LGBTQ+ venues have on this community. This paper considers the impacts on the community, the importance of their safe spaces and identifies practical implications to be considered in protecting these spaces. The study implemented a multi-method qualitative data collection approach with LGBTQ+ community venue attendees in the UK. Stage 1 utilised an online qualitative survey and collected data from 558 respondents. Stage 2 saw critical incident techniques (CITs) used with 12 participants. The data collected were analysed using a thematic system. The LGBTQ+ community has experienced an increase in frustration and fear as a result of more heterosexual attendees infiltrating their safe spaces. Both participants and respondents discussed the importance that security personnel play in ensuring safe spaces. Finally, the findings demystified that not all attendees in LGBTQ+ venues are allies, and that there is a need for those outside the community to better understand the importance of these spaces for the LGBTQ+ community, as many heterosexuals do not consider how they should act. Limitations associated with the implementation of the CIT were identified. Further training is advised for researchers employing this method to prepare them for dealing with the emotional impact of participants’ experiences. This study highlighted the need for security and staff working at LGBTQ+ venues to undergo extensive inclusivity training, and for stricter door policies. Participants also argued for LGBTQ+ venues to educate heterosexual attendees about the community and their historical and present-day struggles and culture. This paper is of practical value to those who organise and manage LGBTQ+ events, bars and nightclubs. An enhancement to the four types of space framework originated by Castilhos and Dolbec (2018) has been identified.The infiltration of LGBTQ+ safe spaces
Daniel Baxter, Steve Jones, Claire Leer
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.101-120

LGBTQ+ spaces are often considered as safe havens for the LGBTQ+ community, as they can gather free from prejudice and fear. This research explores the effect that heterosexual people attending LGBTQ+ venues have on this community. This paper considers the impacts on the community, the importance of their safe spaces and identifies practical implications to be considered in protecting these spaces.

The study implemented a multi-method qualitative data collection approach with LGBTQ+ community venue attendees in the UK. Stage 1 utilised an online qualitative survey and collected data from 558 respondents. Stage 2 saw critical incident techniques (CITs) used with 12 participants. The data collected were analysed using a thematic system.

The LGBTQ+ community has experienced an increase in frustration and fear as a result of more heterosexual attendees infiltrating their safe spaces. Both participants and respondents discussed the importance that security personnel play in ensuring safe spaces. Finally, the findings demystified that not all attendees in LGBTQ+ venues are allies, and that there is a need for those outside the community to better understand the importance of these spaces for the LGBTQ+ community, as many heterosexuals do not consider how they should act.

Limitations associated with the implementation of the CIT were identified. Further training is advised for researchers employing this method to prepare them for dealing with the emotional impact of participants’ experiences.

This study highlighted the need for security and staff working at LGBTQ+ venues to undergo extensive inclusivity training, and for stricter door policies. Participants also argued for LGBTQ+ venues to educate heterosexual attendees about the community and their historical and present-day struggles and culture.

This paper is of practical value to those who organise and manage LGBTQ+ events, bars and nightclubs. An enhancement to the four types of space framework originated by Castilhos and Dolbec (2018) has been identified.

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The infiltration of LGBTQ+ safe spaces10.1108/IJEFM-02-2023-0018International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-11-28© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedDaniel BaxterSteve JonesClaire LeerInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management1512023-11-2810.1108/IJEFM-02-2023-0018https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-02-2023-0018/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Now what? An assessment of perceived legacies post-Olympic cyclehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0004/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study is to examine the post-event perceptions of Rio de Janeiro residents regarding the legacies left to them from hosting the 2016 Olympic Games. Additionally, this study examines how perceptions of Olympic legacies differed amongst demographic groups. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, participants were asked to complete a survey questionnaire and answer three open-ended questions. An adapted version of Fredline et al. (2003)'s General Scale to Measure Social Impacts (GSMSI) was selected for this study. In total, 156 useable responses were collected. An exploratory factor analysis was utilized for the survey items while the three open-ended questions were coded abductively as positive, negative or mixed feelings. The quantitative results shows that Rio residents believe that hosting the 2016 Olympic Games had a mostly negative impact on their perception of legacies. Through reading open-ended responses, participants expressed disappointment over the legacies left to them. These findings suggest that hosting the Olympic Games may not have been beneficial to the life of Rio de Janeiro residents, and it may have been particularly worse for members of the middle class. Due to the recency of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, a few studies have explored the long-term legacies left to the local population. However, the uniqueness of this study lays on the perceptions of legacies from hosting the Rio 2016 after a full Olympic cycle has passed.Now what? An assessment of perceived legacies post-Olympic cycle
Rodrigo Feller, Robert M. Turick, Khirey B. Walker, Benjamin J. Downs
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the post-event perceptions of Rio de Janeiro residents regarding the legacies left to them from hosting the 2016 Olympic Games. Additionally, this study examines how perceptions of Olympic legacies differed amongst demographic groups.

Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, participants were asked to complete a survey questionnaire and answer three open-ended questions. An adapted version of Fredline et al. (2003)'s General Scale to Measure Social Impacts (GSMSI) was selected for this study. In total, 156 useable responses were collected. An exploratory factor analysis was utilized for the survey items while the three open-ended questions were coded abductively as positive, negative or mixed feelings.

The quantitative results shows that Rio residents believe that hosting the 2016 Olympic Games had a mostly negative impact on their perception of legacies. Through reading open-ended responses, participants expressed disappointment over the legacies left to them. These findings suggest that hosting the Olympic Games may not have been beneficial to the life of Rio de Janeiro residents, and it may have been particularly worse for members of the middle class.

Due to the recency of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, a few studies have explored the long-term legacies left to the local population. However, the uniqueness of this study lays on the perceptions of legacies from hosting the Rio 2016 after a full Olympic cycle has passed.

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Now what? An assessment of perceived legacies post-Olympic cycle10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0004International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-08-30© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedRodrigo FellerRobert M. TurickKhirey B. WalkerBenjamin J. DownsInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-3010.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0004https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-01-2023-0004/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
After COVID-19 lockdown: an exploratory study about the influence of mindfulness-feelings toward an individual’s outdoor lifestyle and empowermenthttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-02-2023-0016/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aimed to detect the relationships between mindfulness and events participation, and then between the later and psychological empowerment. The proposed model's underlying hypotheses were empirically tested with data collected through an online survey addressed to a convenience sample of frequent leisure participants (n = 199). The authors applied the structural equation model (SEM) to confirm the aforementioned relationships. To assess the adequacy of the psychometric properties of the measures, the authors performed a confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model, with a maximum likelihood estimation method. Under the effects of the lockdown period environment, the results express a positive relationship between a mindful state of mind – related to observation/attention – and the yearnings and perceptions about the participation in events. This relationship for consistency was proven to be moderated by the perception of the participation importance to the individual subjective well-being/mental health. Due to participation insights, there was a positive effect on psychological empowerment, supporting the relationship that had been hypothesized. The authors propose and test a new model that contributes to the theory and examines how mindfulness behavior can effect more alluring and intense participation in events and what are the anticipated outcomes in terms of psychological empowerment.After COVID-19 lockdown: an exploratory study about the influence of mindfulness-feelings toward an individual’s outdoor lifestyle and empowerment
Ana Pinto Borges, Elvira Pacheco Vieira, Paula Rodrigues, António Lopes de Almeida, Ana Sousa
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aimed to detect the relationships between mindfulness and events participation, and then between the later and psychological empowerment.

The proposed model's underlying hypotheses were empirically tested with data collected through an online survey addressed to a convenience sample of frequent leisure participants (n = 199). The authors applied the structural equation model (SEM) to confirm the aforementioned relationships. To assess the adequacy of the psychometric properties of the measures, the authors performed a confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model, with a maximum likelihood estimation method.

Under the effects of the lockdown period environment, the results express a positive relationship between a mindful state of mind – related to observation/attention – and the yearnings and perceptions about the participation in events. This relationship for consistency was proven to be moderated by the perception of the participation importance to the individual subjective well-being/mental health. Due to participation insights, there was a positive effect on psychological empowerment, supporting the relationship that had been hypothesized.

The authors propose and test a new model that contributes to the theory and examines how mindfulness behavior can effect more alluring and intense participation in events and what are the anticipated outcomes in terms of psychological empowerment.

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After COVID-19 lockdown: an exploratory study about the influence of mindfulness-feelings toward an individual’s outdoor lifestyle and empowerment10.1108/IJEFM-02-2023-0016International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-12-08© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAna Pinto BorgesElvira Pacheco VieiraPaula RodriguesAntónio Lopes de AlmeidaAna SousaInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-0810.1108/IJEFM-02-2023-0016https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-02-2023-0016/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonism for tourism in a cultural festival: a case study of the Lanna Songkran festival in Chiang Mai, Thailandhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-03-2023-0027/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe qualitative approach was applied the discover the optimum answers to the research objectives, which are (1) to understand the cultural and hedonistic characteristics of the (Lanna) Songkran festival; and (2) to examine the dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonistic activity for tourism. This study used a case study of the Songkran festival in Chiang Mai to examine the dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonism for tourism, which brings lost or misperceived cultural values and identities. The semi-structured interview (SSI) with senior locals and participant observation during the festival was conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand, to obtain the in-depth phenomena of the existing celebration pattern at the festival. The study findings show three crucial phenomena that explain characteristics of unsynchronized cultural rituals and hedonistic activities for tourism: (1) the parallel phenomenon between cultural values and celebration practice, (2) the movement of local culture and(3) the hedonistic characteristics of the festival. The study extends the knowledge on the interplay phenomena between cultural festivals and tourism; also, the involved stakeholders, such as local communities, public sectors and private sectors, can use the study findings in creating policies for using cultural festivals to promote a destination and urban economic development that will minimise cultural values distort while increase tourism economic values. This study was conducted qualitatively, including SSIs and participant observation at the Songkran festival in Chiang Mai. The study findings were analysed, based on the empirical data, into significant themes representing the characteristics of dilemma phenomena within the festival.The dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonism for tourism in a cultural festival: a case study of the Lanna Songkran festival in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Montira Intason
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The qualitative approach was applied the discover the optimum answers to the research objectives, which are (1) to understand the cultural and hedonistic characteristics of the (Lanna) Songkran festival; and (2) to examine the dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonistic activity for tourism.

This study used a case study of the Songkran festival in Chiang Mai to examine the dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonism for tourism, which brings lost or misperceived cultural values and identities. The semi-structured interview (SSI) with senior locals and participant observation during the festival was conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand, to obtain the in-depth phenomena of the existing celebration pattern at the festival.

The study findings show three crucial phenomena that explain characteristics of unsynchronized cultural rituals and hedonistic activities for tourism: (1) the parallel phenomenon between cultural values and celebration practice, (2) the movement of local culture and(3) the hedonistic characteristics of the festival.

The study extends the knowledge on the interplay phenomena between cultural festivals and tourism; also, the involved stakeholders, such as local communities, public sectors and private sectors, can use the study findings in creating policies for using cultural festivals to promote a destination and urban economic development that will minimise cultural values distort while increase tourism economic values.

This study was conducted qualitatively, including SSIs and participant observation at the Songkran festival in Chiang Mai. The study findings were analysed, based on the empirical data, into significant themes representing the characteristics of dilemma phenomena within the festival.

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The dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonism for tourism in a cultural festival: a case study of the Lanna Songkran festival in Chiang Mai, Thailand10.1108/IJEFM-03-2023-0027International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-10-31© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedMontira IntasonInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-10-3110.1108/IJEFM-03-2023-0027https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-03-2023-0027/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Relying on what different stakeholders express on social media to repurpose and reposition sustainable events of the futurehttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-04-2022-0035/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this article is to capture what the concept of sustainable events means for different stakeholders, what they think and express in social media about sustainable events, and so be able to take it into account when repurposing and repositioning events in life for the future in a responsible way based on sustainability. Authors have performed the photographic analysis proposed by Albers and James in 1988 but adapted to social media, specifically Instagram. A content analysis has been carried out with the posts containing the hashtag #sustainableevents, based on dimensions such as temporal variants, geographic conditions, demographic characteristics or languages used. After that, a semiotic analysis has been held to see how these dimensions are related with the image and with the subjects/objects that are being portrayed. Sustainable events is a term that can have many meanings, becoming an abstract term, which is not being used today in social networks by private individuals. Companies and content creators seem to use the term more as an advertising claim, to attract customers and followers, than as a real applicability in their day-to-day actions. They use the term “sustainable events” related especially to an environmental dimension, leaving aside the economic and the social dimension. Nowadays, the photography through social media is one of the most powerful sources for communicating people awareness. Nevertheless, researchers are only starting to understand the impact of social media and technology on the habits of people. To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first analyses of Instagram posts based on a hashtag to analyse what different stakeholders express in relation to that hashtag.Relying on what different stakeholders express on social media to repurpose and reposition sustainable events of the future
Almudena Otegui Carles, José Antonio Fraiz Brea, Noelia Araújo Vila
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this article is to capture what the concept of sustainable events means for different stakeholders, what they think and express in social media about sustainable events, and so be able to take it into account when repurposing and repositioning events in life for the future in a responsible way based on sustainability.

Authors have performed the photographic analysis proposed by Albers and James in 1988 but adapted to social media, specifically Instagram. A content analysis has been carried out with the posts containing the hashtag #sustainableevents, based on dimensions such as temporal variants, geographic conditions, demographic characteristics or languages used. After that, a semiotic analysis has been held to see how these dimensions are related with the image and with the subjects/objects that are being portrayed.

Sustainable events is a term that can have many meanings, becoming an abstract term, which is not being used today in social networks by private individuals. Companies and content creators seem to use the term more as an advertising claim, to attract customers and followers, than as a real applicability in their day-to-day actions. They use the term “sustainable events” related especially to an environmental dimension, leaving aside the economic and the social dimension.

Nowadays, the photography through social media is one of the most powerful sources for communicating people awareness. Nevertheless, researchers are only starting to understand the impact of social media and technology on the habits of people. To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first analyses of Instagram posts based on a hashtag to analyse what different stakeholders express in relation to that hashtag.

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Relying on what different stakeholders express on social media to repurpose and reposition sustainable events of the future10.1108/IJEFM-04-2022-0035International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-08-11© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAlmudena Otegui CarlesJosé Antonio Fraiz BreaNoelia Araújo VilaInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-08-1110.1108/IJEFM-04-2022-0035https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-04-2022-0035/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Experience, satisfaction and loyalty in the context of online music festivals in Chinahttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-04-2023-0034/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the fast growth of online music festivals. This paper explores how festivalgoers' experience affects their satisfaction and drives their loyalty to re-attend online music festivals in China. Based on an understanding of the music festival experience and the characteristics of live-streamed performances, this paper investigates five factors that affect festivalgoers' satisfaction and loyalty, namely the music experience, ambience experience, separation experience, social experience and novelty experience. The relationships between festivalgoers' experience, satisfaction and loyalty are also explored using structural equation modelling techniques. The empirical results suggest that four of the above-mentioned five factors of the online music festival experience directly affect festivalgoers' satisfaction and loyalty. The online mode is a rapid adaptation of and preferred alternative to offline music festivals, whilst the creation of the experience, along with satisfaction with and loyalty to the online music festival, are determined by different factors compared to offline modes. Overall festival satisfaction positively enhances the relationship between festivalgoers' experience and loyalty to online music festivals. This study offers a range of practical and managerial implications for organisers of online music festival, similar activities such as live-streaming concerts and stage performances and hybrid events. This study explores a phenomenon that has evolved quickly since COVID-19 and will, potentially, have an ongoing and enduring impact on the music festival sector. It differentiates the understanding of festivalgoers' experience in online and offline modes, which is a new addition to the literature. It also enriches the theoretical understanding of the experience of, satisfaction with and loyalty to online music festivals.Experience, satisfaction and loyalty in the context of online music festivals in China
Rachel Wang, Rosa Codina, Yan Sun, Xiaoyu Ding
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the fast growth of online music festivals. This paper explores how festivalgoers' experience affects their satisfaction and drives their loyalty to re-attend online music festivals in China.

Based on an understanding of the music festival experience and the characteristics of live-streamed performances, this paper investigates five factors that affect festivalgoers' satisfaction and loyalty, namely the music experience, ambience experience, separation experience, social experience and novelty experience. The relationships between festivalgoers' experience, satisfaction and loyalty are also explored using structural equation modelling techniques.

The empirical results suggest that four of the above-mentioned five factors of the online music festival experience directly affect festivalgoers' satisfaction and loyalty. The online mode is a rapid adaptation of and preferred alternative to offline music festivals, whilst the creation of the experience, along with satisfaction with and loyalty to the online music festival, are determined by different factors compared to offline modes. Overall festival satisfaction positively enhances the relationship between festivalgoers' experience and loyalty to online music festivals.

This study offers a range of practical and managerial implications for organisers of online music festival, similar activities such as live-streaming concerts and stage performances and hybrid events.

This study explores a phenomenon that has evolved quickly since COVID-19 and will, potentially, have an ongoing and enduring impact on the music festival sector. It differentiates the understanding of festivalgoers' experience in online and offline modes, which is a new addition to the literature. It also enriches the theoretical understanding of the experience of, satisfaction with and loyalty to online music festivals.

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Experience, satisfaction and loyalty in the context of online music festivals in China10.1108/IJEFM-04-2023-0034International Journal of Event and Festival Management2024-03-28© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedRachel WangRosa CodinaYan SunXiaoyu DingInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2810.1108/IJEFM-04-2023-0034https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-04-2023-0034/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Cultural events' service quality, satisfaction and loyalty: a case on an annual cultural diversity event in Borneohttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-07-2023-0054/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this paper is to examine the hard and soft measures of service quality and visitors' satisfaction, which ultimately contribute to visitor loyalty to the destination, specifically in the context of the Borneo Cultural Festival (BCF) in Sibu, Sarawak (Malaysia). The study uses a quantitative research approach with 427 valid responses from domestic and international tourists of BCF and employs the cognitive-affective-conative theory to examine how the festival impacts visitor loyalty. The findings indicate that both hard and soft measures significantly contribute to the service quality and visitor satisfaction at the BCF. Additionally, service quality and visitor satisfaction were found to positively influence destination loyalty, while the relationship between legibility and visitor satisfaction was not significant. The findings encourage the ministry and event organisers to adopt a destination event strategy that positions Sibu as an attractive event destination capable of attracting domestic and international tourists. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge on event tourism and destination loyalty by applying the cognitive-affective-conative theory. This study marks the first of its kind, analysing both the tangible (hard) and intangible (soft) measures of service quality and their impact on visitor satisfaction, ultimately influencing visitor loyalty to the destination, particularly in the context of the BCF in Sibu, Sarawak.Cultural events' service quality, satisfaction and loyalty: a case on an annual cultural diversity event in Borneo
Salfarina Abdul Gapor, Chee Hua Chin, Ek Tee Ngian, Winnie Poh Ming Wong, Jiet Ping Kiew, Ting Ling Toh
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this paper is to examine the hard and soft measures of service quality and visitors' satisfaction, which ultimately contribute to visitor loyalty to the destination, specifically in the context of the Borneo Cultural Festival (BCF) in Sibu, Sarawak (Malaysia).

The study uses a quantitative research approach with 427 valid responses from domestic and international tourists of BCF and employs the cognitive-affective-conative theory to examine how the festival impacts visitor loyalty.

The findings indicate that both hard and soft measures significantly contribute to the service quality and visitor satisfaction at the BCF. Additionally, service quality and visitor satisfaction were found to positively influence destination loyalty, while the relationship between legibility and visitor satisfaction was not significant.

The findings encourage the ministry and event organisers to adopt a destination event strategy that positions Sibu as an attractive event destination capable of attracting domestic and international tourists.

The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge on event tourism and destination loyalty by applying the cognitive-affective-conative theory. This study marks the first of its kind, analysing both the tangible (hard) and intangible (soft) measures of service quality and their impact on visitor satisfaction, ultimately influencing visitor loyalty to the destination, particularly in the context of the BCF in Sibu, Sarawak.

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Cultural events' service quality, satisfaction and loyalty: a case on an annual cultural diversity event in Borneo10.1108/IJEFM-07-2023-0054International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-11-21© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSalfarina Abdul GaporChee Hua ChinEk Tee NgianWinnie Poh Ming WongJiet Ping KiewTing Ling TohInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2110.1108/IJEFM-07-2023-0054https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-07-2023-0054/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
“I didn’t want to promote it with a white girl”: marketing practices and boundary work at popular music festivalshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-07-2023-0056/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to explore how music festival organisers negotiate diversity and inclusion in marketing and promotion practices through symbolic and social boundaries. Based on semi-structured interviews with 18 festival organisers in Rotterdam and participant observation with six festival photographers I show that symbolic and social boundaries are employed in three areas: (1) boundaries in festival format (i.e. [partially] free or ticketed), (2) boundaries in distribution partners and technologies and (3) boundaries in promotional content. Symbolic and social boundaries are intentionally used by festival organisers to build and delineate festival audiences. Implications are drawn on current understandings of the accessibility of music festival spaces, arguing that festival research should move beyond within-space dynamics to grasp the negotiation of diversity and inclusion at festivals more fully. While music festivals are often marketed as celebratory spaces that are “welcoming to everyone”, few studies have investigated diversity and inclusion nor marketing and promotion practices at music festivals. This study shows how festival audiences are shaped through marketing and promotion practices.“I didn’t want to promote it with a white girl”: marketing practices and boundary work at popular music festivals
Britt Swartjes
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This paper aims to explore how music festival organisers negotiate diversity and inclusion in marketing and promotion practices through symbolic and social boundaries.

Based on semi-structured interviews with 18 festival organisers in Rotterdam and participant observation with six festival photographers I show that symbolic and social boundaries are employed in three areas: (1) boundaries in festival format (i.e. [partially] free or ticketed), (2) boundaries in distribution partners and technologies and (3) boundaries in promotional content.

Symbolic and social boundaries are intentionally used by festival organisers to build and delineate festival audiences. Implications are drawn on current understandings of the accessibility of music festival spaces, arguing that festival research should move beyond within-space dynamics to grasp the negotiation of diversity and inclusion at festivals more fully.

While music festivals are often marketed as celebratory spaces that are “welcoming to everyone”, few studies have investigated diversity and inclusion nor marketing and promotion practices at music festivals. This study shows how festival audiences are shaped through marketing and promotion practices.

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“I didn’t want to promote it with a white girl”: marketing practices and boundary work at popular music festivals10.1108/IJEFM-07-2023-0056International Journal of Event and Festival Management2024-02-09© 2024 Britt SwartjesBritt SwartjesInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0910.1108/IJEFM-07-2023-0056https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-07-2023-0056/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Britt Swartjeshttp://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Erratumhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-09-2017-0053/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestErratumErratum
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-]]>
Erratum10.1108/IJEFM-09-2017-0053International Journal of Event and Festival Management2018-09-14© 2018 Emerald Publishing LimitedInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2018-09-1410.1108/IJEFM-09-2017-0053https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-09-2017-0053/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
Festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty: the moderating effect of involvementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0102/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe objective of this study was to examine the relationships among festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty. Also, the study further analyzed the moderation effect of involvement on the relationships between festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty. The authors adopt a two-stage mixed-method approach. Through a list of brand personality traits from previous research and in-depth interviews with participants of a film festival, festival personality constructs were identified: exceptional, competent, reliable and cozy. The authors then analyzed an integrative model of festival personality, satisfaction, involvement and loyalty from the qualitative findings. A survey with a convenience sample of 279 film festival participants was conducted. The findings suggest that festival personality influence satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, this study confirms the significant impact of involvement on the relationships between festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty. This study enables authors to understand the festival personality from the perspective of the visitors and expands the theoretical understanding of how the personality of the festival affects the visitors. The findings of this study suggest that the festival personality can be predictors and determinants of participants' satisfaction and loyalty. Also, this is one of the first attempts to identify the effects of involvement on festival personality and its outcomes. Current research findings demonstrated involvement as a moderator variable in the relationships between festival personality and festival satisfaction and loyalty.Festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty: the moderating effect of involvement
Deniz Karagöz, Haywantee Ramkissoon
International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships among festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty. Also, the study further analyzed the moderation effect of involvement on the relationships between festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty.

The authors adopt a two-stage mixed-method approach. Through a list of brand personality traits from previous research and in-depth interviews with participants of a film festival, festival personality constructs were identified: exceptional, competent, reliable and cozy. The authors then analyzed an integrative model of festival personality, satisfaction, involvement and loyalty from the qualitative findings. A survey with a convenience sample of 279 film festival participants was conducted.

The findings suggest that festival personality influence satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, this study confirms the significant impact of involvement on the relationships between festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty.

This study enables authors to understand the festival personality from the perspective of the visitors and expands the theoretical understanding of how the personality of the festival affects the visitors. The findings of this study suggest that the festival personality can be predictors and determinants of participants' satisfaction and loyalty. Also, this is one of the first attempts to identify the effects of involvement on festival personality and its outcomes. Current research findings demonstrated involvement as a moderator variable in the relationships between festival personality and festival satisfaction and loyalty.

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Festival personality, satisfaction and loyalty: the moderating effect of involvement10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0102International Journal of Event and Festival Management2023-11-27© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedDeniz KaragözHaywantee RamkissoonInternational Journal of Event and Festival Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2710.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0102https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEFM-12-2022-0102/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited