Sport, Business and ManagementTable of Contents for Sport, Business and Management. List of articles from the current issue, including Just Accepted (EarlyCite)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/2042-678X/vol/14/iss/2?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSport, Business and ManagementEmerald Publishing LimitedSport, Business and ManagementSport, Business and Managementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/journal/a1ae49bb69e289397e4f4008d6dd12cf/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:sbm.cover.jpghttps://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/2042-678X/vol/14/iss/2?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestGuest editorial: Managing sport transformation for goodhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-03-2024-150/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestGuest editorial: Managing sport transformation for goodGuest editorial: Managing sport transformation for good
Igor Perechuda
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.133-135]]>
Guest editorial: Managing sport transformation for good10.1108/SBM-03-2024-150Sport, Business and Management2024-03-05© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedIgor PerechudaSport, Business and Management1422024-03-0510.1108/SBM-03-2024-150https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-03-2024-150/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Decrypting the specifics of professional football club investments: Why? What? How? An integrative reviewhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-10-2022-0095/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestSince the beginning of the 2000s, investors have more frequently invested into professional football clubs, thereby radically changing the industry landscape. This review's purpose is to analyze and synthesize the state of research to understand motives, roles and implications of football club investors, and to provide recommendations for further research. The paper presents an integrative literature review by identifying relevant English articles based on the search terms investor, owner, investment, ownership, shareholder and stakeholder in combination with soccer or football. Around 2,431 articles were reviewed. A total of 129 relevant articles was analyzed and synthesized within eight subject areas. Investors in professional club football is a young research stream with a clear European focus. Investor motives and roles are diverse and implications are multidimensional. Investors mostly aim for indirect returns rather than pure profit- or win-maximization. Football clubs comprise an own investment class for which the identified, unique specifics must be considered to develop a financially successful investment model. Thorough academic research of investors' inherent characteristics, investor-club pairings and the pillars of long-term strategies for successful investor-club liaisons are avenues of future research. Furthermore, the results illustrate the need for research outside of Europe. The paper is the first systematic, integrative review of existing literature in the domain of equity investments into professional club football. The findings genuinely show that, depending on the investor type and ownership structure, investors have a wide impact in professional club football.Decrypting the specifics of professional football club investments: Why? What? How? An integrative review
Benedikt Kirsch, Tim Sauer, Henning Zülch
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.136-168

Since the beginning of the 2000s, investors have more frequently invested into professional football clubs, thereby radically changing the industry landscape. This review's purpose is to analyze and synthesize the state of research to understand motives, roles and implications of football club investors, and to provide recommendations for further research.

The paper presents an integrative literature review by identifying relevant English articles based on the search terms investor, owner, investment, ownership, shareholder and stakeholder in combination with soccer or football. Around 2,431 articles were reviewed. A total of 129 relevant articles was analyzed and synthesized within eight subject areas.

Investors in professional club football is a young research stream with a clear European focus. Investor motives and roles are diverse and implications are multidimensional. Investors mostly aim for indirect returns rather than pure profit- or win-maximization.

Football clubs comprise an own investment class for which the identified, unique specifics must be considered to develop a financially successful investment model. Thorough academic research of investors' inherent characteristics, investor-club pairings and the pillars of long-term strategies for successful investor-club liaisons are avenues of future research. Furthermore, the results illustrate the need for research outside of Europe.

The paper is the first systematic, integrative review of existing literature in the domain of equity investments into professional club football. The findings genuinely show that, depending on the investor type and ownership structure, investors have a wide impact in professional club football.

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Decrypting the specifics of professional football club investments: Why? What? How? An integrative review10.1108/SBM-10-2022-0095Sport, Business and Management2024-01-18© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedBenedikt KirschTim SauerHenning ZülchSport, Business and Management1422024-01-1810.1108/SBM-10-2022-0095https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-10-2022-0095/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Fan identification in football: professional football players and clubs competing for fan loyaltyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0063/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestIn the age of nine-figure transfer fees and football stars building their own brands and follower base, a shift in fan identification in football appears to be taking place as athletes can build strong connections with their followers. This paper examines the level of identification shown by football fans towards both their favourite team and their favourite player, in connection with the concept of fan loyalty. A total of 4,707 international respondents participated in an online survey to examine the relationship between fan identification and fan loyalty, and to measure the impact of variables like country, player, club, on fan identification using multi-regression analyses. The results underline the strong presence of team identification compared to identification of single players. Results have also revealed that the relationship between a fan's favourite team and player has a significant impact on identification levels towards both actors. Fans supporting a foreign club were found to show significantly stronger team identification than those who support a club from their own country or region. This research contributes to the growing body of publications in the field of sports consumer research and underlines the importance of understanding the quality of relationships and thus the identification of fans with clubs and individual players for the stakeholders involved. International sports marketing is becoming increasingly important and an understanding of fan interests is essential for effective marketing, as information on trends in fan interests enables a more tailored strategy for clubs and sponsors.Fan identification in football: professional football players and clubs competing for fan loyalty
Sebastian Merten, Nicolas Reuland, Mathieu Winand, Mathieu Marlier
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.169-187

In the age of nine-figure transfer fees and football stars building their own brands and follower base, a shift in fan identification in football appears to be taking place as athletes can build strong connections with their followers. This paper examines the level of identification shown by football fans towards both their favourite team and their favourite player, in connection with the concept of fan loyalty.

A total of 4,707 international respondents participated in an online survey to examine the relationship between fan identification and fan loyalty, and to measure the impact of variables like country, player, club, on fan identification using multi-regression analyses.

The results underline the strong presence of team identification compared to identification of single players. Results have also revealed that the relationship between a fan's favourite team and player has a significant impact on identification levels towards both actors. Fans supporting a foreign club were found to show significantly stronger team identification than those who support a club from their own country or region.

This research contributes to the growing body of publications in the field of sports consumer research and underlines the importance of understanding the quality of relationships and thus the identification of fans with clubs and individual players for the stakeholders involved. International sports marketing is becoming increasingly important and an understanding of fan interests is essential for effective marketing, as information on trends in fan interests enables a more tailored strategy for clubs and sponsors.

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Fan identification in football: professional football players and clubs competing for fan loyalty10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0063Sport, Business and Management2023-10-30© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedSebastian MertenNicolas ReulandMathieu WinandMathieu MarlierSport, Business and Management1422023-10-3010.1108/SBM-05-2023-0063https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0063/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Legend of leagues: heterogeneity in the revenue structure of European national leagueshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0062/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe environmental characteristics of international football can vary significantly from one country to another. As a result, the economic and market possibilities and the objectives of each national league are very heterogeneous. This article aims to examine the differences in revenue structures amongst European national football leagues (n = 50) and cluster them based on these structures. It also investigates which revenue structure would be more effective for similar leagues, considering the previously mentioned varying environmental characteristics of international football. The study utilises a theoretical framework of business modelling, applied in a unique way to league organisers of national championships. Data on sports and business aspects were collected from sources such as the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Financial Benchmarking Reports, transfermarkt.de and related sources for the period 2015 to 2018. K-means cluster analysis, using the Euclidean distance approach, was employed to develop clusters based on revenue sources over a four-year average. The paper presents the characteristics and year-to-year changes of nine developed clusters. Throughout the analysis, variables such as average overpayment and inequality between player values amongst leagues were prioritised. The study's practical implications can assist league organisers in enhancing the competitiveness of their leagues, supported by short case studies that provide illustrative examples. The novelty of the current article lies in introducing innovative variables such as the variance of player value whilst focussing on meso-level analysis, providing a fresh contribution to the existing literature in the field for understanding revenue structures and performance in European national football leagues.Legend of leagues: heterogeneity in the revenue structure of European national leagues
Zsolt Havran, Attila Kajos, Bálint Mazzag
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.188-210

The environmental characteristics of international football can vary significantly from one country to another. As a result, the economic and market possibilities and the objectives of each national league are very heterogeneous. This article aims to examine the differences in revenue structures amongst European national football leagues (n = 50) and cluster them based on these structures. It also investigates which revenue structure would be more effective for similar leagues, considering the previously mentioned varying environmental characteristics of international football.

The study utilises a theoretical framework of business modelling, applied in a unique way to league organisers of national championships. Data on sports and business aspects were collected from sources such as the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Financial Benchmarking Reports, transfermarkt.de and related sources for the period 2015 to 2018. K-means cluster analysis, using the Euclidean distance approach, was employed to develop clusters based on revenue sources over a four-year average.

The paper presents the characteristics and year-to-year changes of nine developed clusters. Throughout the analysis, variables such as average overpayment and inequality between player values amongst leagues were prioritised. The study's practical implications can assist league organisers in enhancing the competitiveness of their leagues, supported by short case studies that provide illustrative examples.

The novelty of the current article lies in introducing innovative variables such as the variance of player value whilst focussing on meso-level analysis, providing a fresh contribution to the existing literature in the field for understanding revenue structures and performance in European national football leagues.

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Legend of leagues: heterogeneity in the revenue structure of European national leagues10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0062Sport, Business and Management2023-10-31© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedZsolt HavranAttila KajosBálint MazzagSport, Business and Management1422023-10-3110.1108/SBM-05-2023-0062https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0062/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Sponsorship, Covid-19 and mega sport events: the case of UEFA Euro 2020https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0059/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to explore spectators' awareness of and attitudes toward sponsoring firms as well as to propose a model predicting their purchase and word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions toward the sponsors of a major sporting event during a pandemic crisis. A quantitative method was used to collect the data, with 1,259 questionnaires being effectively collected and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), path analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. Factors such as sports involvement, sincerity, social media use, beliefs about sponsorship, sponsor's image, Covid-19 beliefs and emotions, awareness of and attitude toward sponsors were found to significantly predict spectators' purchase and WOM intentions. The results support the structural equation model, providing a multidisciplinary conceptual framework that highlights the significance of comprehending the role of significant factors in sponsorship efficiency during the Covid-19 crisis. The proposed framework adds to the knowledge corpus of this field.Sponsorship, Covid-19 and mega sport events: the case of UEFA Euro 2020
Konstantinos Koronios, Lazaros Ntasis, Panos Dimitropoulos
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.211-235

This study aims to explore spectators' awareness of and attitudes toward sponsoring firms as well as to propose a model predicting their purchase and word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions toward the sponsors of a major sporting event during a pandemic crisis.

A quantitative method was used to collect the data, with 1,259 questionnaires being effectively collected and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), path analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data.

Factors such as sports involvement, sincerity, social media use, beliefs about sponsorship, sponsor's image, Covid-19 beliefs and emotions, awareness of and attitude toward sponsors were found to significantly predict spectators' purchase and WOM intentions.

The results support the structural equation model, providing a multidisciplinary conceptual framework that highlights the significance of comprehending the role of significant factors in sponsorship efficiency during the Covid-19 crisis. The proposed framework adds to the knowledge corpus of this field.

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Sponsorship, Covid-19 and mega sport events: the case of UEFA Euro 202010.1108/SBM-05-2023-0059Sport, Business and Management2023-11-14© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedKonstantinos KoroniosLazaros NtasisPanos DimitropoulosSport, Business and Management1422023-11-1410.1108/SBM-05-2023-0059https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0059/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Preventing club bankruptcy: exploring new financial regulation approaches in French footballhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0060/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis paper aims to propose an analysis of financial regulation practices, identified thanks to an extensive benchmark carried out in eight European professional sports leagues. Between 1970 and 2018, 81 French football clubs went bankrupt. The paper proposes an analysis of financial regulation practices in eight European professional sports leagues to enhance the prevention of bankruptcy of French football clubs. Three research questions are addressed: What are the financial and accounting disclosure practices in the main professional leagues? What assessment tools are employed to evaluate the financial risk and budgetary feasibility? What financial support measures exist for clubs and how are insolvency proceedings initiated by clubs? To identify financial regulation practices in professional sport, a selection of leagues was made based on their economic importance, specific regulatory tools used, and their approach to financial difficulties and the handling of insolvency proceedings. Through an examination of financial regulation practices in other leagues, three main findings are highlighted: The significance of required financial documents and deadlines varies depending on the competition organizer; some leagues utilize ratio-based assessments rather than relying solely on opinions from financial oversight bodies; certain leagues have established assistance processes for troubled clubs as opposed to punitive measures resulting in administrative regulations. This study proposes new financial regulation modalities to prevent the bankruptcy of French football clubs. Firstly, a reform management control is suggested. Secondly, the engagement of stakeholders in bankruptcy prevention is recommended. Lastly, the implementation of a dedicated policy to support clubs facing difficulties is proposed. The French football federation and the professional league are important actors in the European football. Many bankruptcies are noted in these championships and since the COVID crisis, the financial situation of the clubs has deteriorated, pointing to a strong risk of bankruptcy in the coming years.Preventing club bankruptcy: exploring new financial regulation approaches in French football
Yann Carin, Jean-François Brocard
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.236-260

This paper aims to propose an analysis of financial regulation practices, identified thanks to an extensive benchmark carried out in eight European professional sports leagues.

Between 1970 and 2018, 81 French football clubs went bankrupt. The paper proposes an analysis of financial regulation practices in eight European professional sports leagues to enhance the prevention of bankruptcy of French football clubs. Three research questions are addressed: What are the financial and accounting disclosure practices in the main professional leagues? What assessment tools are employed to evaluate the financial risk and budgetary feasibility? What financial support measures exist for clubs and how are insolvency proceedings initiated by clubs? To identify financial regulation practices in professional sport, a selection of leagues was made based on their economic importance, specific regulatory tools used, and their approach to financial difficulties and the handling of insolvency proceedings.

Through an examination of financial regulation practices in other leagues, three main findings are highlighted: The significance of required financial documents and deadlines varies depending on the competition organizer; some leagues utilize ratio-based assessments rather than relying solely on opinions from financial oversight bodies; certain leagues have established assistance processes for troubled clubs as opposed to punitive measures resulting in administrative regulations.

This study proposes new financial regulation modalities to prevent the bankruptcy of French football clubs. Firstly, a reform management control is suggested. Secondly, the engagement of stakeholders in bankruptcy prevention is recommended. Lastly, the implementation of a dedicated policy to support clubs facing difficulties is proposed.

The French football federation and the professional league are important actors in the European football. Many bankruptcies are noted in these championships and since the COVID crisis, the financial situation of the clubs has deteriorated, pointing to a strong risk of bankruptcy in the coming years.

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Preventing club bankruptcy: exploring new financial regulation approaches in French football10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0060Sport, Business and Management2023-11-28© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedYann CarinJean-François BrocardSport, Business and Management1422023-11-2810.1108/SBM-05-2023-0060https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0060/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The quest for sustainable sports management: evidence from the football industryhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0048/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the sustainability of sports business models by means of a specific case analysis, conducted on M-I Stadio S.r.l., the service management firm that provides all types of backstage activities related to football matches performed at San Siro Stadium in Italy. Building on interviews on its management team's direct experience and on archival data, the authors depict the consequences of the pandemic in terms of corporate governance, accounting choices and overall strategic business development through information triangulation from a forward-looking perspective. Complying with restrictions, M-I Stadio S.r.l. preserved its financial position by embracing digitalization, increasing information flows with partners and adopting a risk aversion behaviour. Overall, results indicate that the pandemic played a catalyst role in the transformation process of the football industry. Moreover, apart from the physical and virtual merge acceleration, well-being for athletes, society and the planet, transcending the gaming part of sports activities has also been taking place. The study also illustrates the foreseeable developments of sustainable sport management practices from a critical perspective. Since the San Siro Stadium management company might represent one of the forefront companies, within the sports industry, this study results should be conveniently taken into consideration by sporting authorities and international bodies, emphasizing the relevance of sustainability (i.e. environmental and social practices within the sports industry) and digitalization so as to better prepare sports organizations and to provide the overall industry with the tools deemed necessary to navigate this important transition in a smoother way.The quest for sustainable sports management: evidence from the football industry
Patrizia Tettamanzi, Francesco Grazioli, Michael Murgolo
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.261-286

This study investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the sustainability of sports business models by means of a specific case analysis, conducted on M-I Stadio S.r.l., the service management firm that provides all types of backstage activities related to football matches performed at San Siro Stadium in Italy.

Building on interviews on its management team's direct experience and on archival data, the authors depict the consequences of the pandemic in terms of corporate governance, accounting choices and overall strategic business development through information triangulation from a forward-looking perspective.

Complying with restrictions, M-I Stadio S.r.l. preserved its financial position by embracing digitalization, increasing information flows with partners and adopting a risk aversion behaviour. Overall, results indicate that the pandemic played a catalyst role in the transformation process of the football industry. Moreover, apart from the physical and virtual merge acceleration, well-being for athletes, society and the planet, transcending the gaming part of sports activities has also been taking place. The study also illustrates the foreseeable developments of sustainable sport management practices from a critical perspective.

Since the San Siro Stadium management company might represent one of the forefront companies, within the sports industry, this study results should be conveniently taken into consideration by sporting authorities and international bodies, emphasizing the relevance of sustainability (i.e. environmental and social practices within the sports industry) and digitalization so as to better prepare sports organizations and to provide the overall industry with the tools deemed necessary to navigate this important transition in a smoother way.

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The quest for sustainable sports management: evidence from the football industry10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0048Sport, Business and Management2023-12-06© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedPatrizia TettamanziFrancesco GrazioliMichael MurgoloSport, Business and Management1422023-12-0610.1108/SBM-04-2023-0048https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0048/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Which factors can be used to persuade managers to start workplace physical activity programmes and what motivates employees to participate? A Hungarian study on goals, effects and motivationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0061/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPhysical activity (PA) has been widely studied for its individual and societal benefits, but research on how organisations can effectively promote workplace physical activity (WPA) programmes is lacking. This article aims to examine the organisational-level benefits and value drivers of corporate PA programmes whilst also exploring the factors that motivate employees to participate in these programmes. The authors used the self-determination theory (SDT) and the Hungarian Sport Motivation Scale (H-SMS) – which was modified and validated from the original English SMS scale, which is one of the six most highly cited motivation questionnaires in sports – to assess employees' motivation towards sports. In conjunction, in-depth interviews with company representatives were conducted to create a mind map outlining the impacts and advantages of WPA programmes. The study involved interviews with 13 managers in Hungary and a survey completed by 728 employees. The findings of the authors' study indicate that WPA programmes had positive effects on employee engagement, turnover reduction and absenteeism. However, the authors' results also revealed that employee motivation to participate in these programmes was primarily driven by external factors, such as identified and introjected regulators, indicating a low level of intrinsic motivation for sports in the workplace. It is important to classify employees based on their motivation and behaviour to design and promote effective PA programmes in the workplace and to increase participation rates. The authors' findings indicate the importance of aligning WPA programme promotion with employee motivation. This can encourage organisations to initiate their programmes, address participation challenges and strive for higher engagement rates. Further research on employee motivation can support the development of more effective communication strategies for companies in this context.Which factors can be used to persuade managers to start workplace physical activity programmes and what motivates employees to participate? A Hungarian study on goals, effects and motivations
Ágnes Szabó, Attila Kajos
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.287-308

Physical activity (PA) has been widely studied for its individual and societal benefits, but research on how organisations can effectively promote workplace physical activity (WPA) programmes is lacking. This article aims to examine the organisational-level benefits and value drivers of corporate PA programmes whilst also exploring the factors that motivate employees to participate in these programmes.

The authors used the self-determination theory (SDT) and the Hungarian Sport Motivation Scale (H-SMS) – which was modified and validated from the original English SMS scale, which is one of the six most highly cited motivation questionnaires in sports – to assess employees' motivation towards sports. In conjunction, in-depth interviews with company representatives were conducted to create a mind map outlining the impacts and advantages of WPA programmes. The study involved interviews with 13 managers in Hungary and a survey completed by 728 employees.

The findings of the authors' study indicate that WPA programmes had positive effects on employee engagement, turnover reduction and absenteeism. However, the authors' results also revealed that employee motivation to participate in these programmes was primarily driven by external factors, such as identified and introjected regulators, indicating a low level of intrinsic motivation for sports in the workplace. It is important to classify employees based on their motivation and behaviour to design and promote effective PA programmes in the workplace and to increase participation rates.

The authors' findings indicate the importance of aligning WPA programme promotion with employee motivation. This can encourage organisations to initiate their programmes, address participation challenges and strive for higher engagement rates. Further research on employee motivation can support the development of more effective communication strategies for companies in this context.

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Which factors can be used to persuade managers to start workplace physical activity programmes and what motivates employees to participate? A Hungarian study on goals, effects and motivations10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0061Sport, Business and Management2023-12-07© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedÁgnes SzabóAttila KajosSport, Business and Management1422023-12-0710.1108/SBM-05-2023-0061https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0061/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Farmers league: squad structure and resource dependencyhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0037/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis research aimed to measure the influence of resource dependency (trading and/or shareholder's dependencies) squad age structure by building archetypes to identify strategic dominant schemes. Based on the Ligue 1 football clubs from the 2009/2010 season to the 2018/2019 data, the authors use the k-means classification to build archetypes of resource dependency and squad structure variables. The influence of resource dependency on squad structure is then analysed through a table of contingency. Firstly, the authors identify archetypes of resource dependency with some clubs that are dependent on the transfer market and others that do not count on sales to balance their account. Secondly, they provide different archetypes of squad structure choices. The contingency between those archetypes allows to identify three main strategic schemes (avoidance, shaping and adaptation). The research tests an original relationship between resource dependency of clubs and their human resource strategy to respond to it. This paper can help to provide detailed profiles for big clubs looking for affiliate clubs to know which clubs have efficient academy or player development capacities.Farmers league: squad structure and resource dependency
Antoine Feuillet, Loris Terrettaz, Mickaël Terrien
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This research aimed to measure the influence of resource dependency (trading and/or shareholder's dependencies) squad age structure by building archetypes to identify strategic dominant schemes.

Based on the Ligue 1 football clubs from the 2009/2010 season to the 2018/2019 data, the authors use the k-means classification to build archetypes of resource dependency and squad structure variables. The influence of resource dependency on squad structure is then analysed through a table of contingency.

Firstly, the authors identify archetypes of resource dependency with some clubs that are dependent on the transfer market and others that do not count on sales to balance their account. Secondly, they provide different archetypes of squad structure choices. The contingency between those archetypes allows to identify three main strategic schemes (avoidance, shaping and adaptation).

The research tests an original relationship between resource dependency of clubs and their human resource strategy to respond to it. This paper can help to provide detailed profiles for big clubs looking for affiliate clubs to know which clubs have efficient academy or player development capacities.

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Farmers league: squad structure and resource dependency10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0037Sport, Business and Management2023-12-01© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedAntoine FeuilletLoris TerrettazMickaël TerrienSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-0110.1108/SBM-04-2023-0037https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0037/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Millennial football fan participation: the influence of football video games on play and engagementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0039/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestTraditional sports have seen declining participation at many levels, with football being no different. This is occurring at a time when emergent technologies present new challenges, particularly to the crucial yet ignored cohort of millennials. Without meeting the needs of millennials, football cannot be successful in the future. This research seeks to understand how millennial football fandom (sport, not team) in Australia impacts football participation, whilst empirically examining the impact of football video games (FVGs). Survey data are collected from online groups, forums and social media pages of Australian football (soccer) fans. Quantitative analysis of millennial fandom and its influence on football participation (for the first time demarcated into play and engagement) is undertaken, including the moderating influence of time spent playing FVGs, amidst covariate influences of age and number of children. Results highlight the multi-dimensionality of millennial football fandom in Australia, reveal the typical hours spent playing football across a range of participation types (including play and engagement), support fan involvement’s influence on engagement with football, establish that a desire to interact with other football fans manifests in playing more football, specify how playing FVGs moderates these relationships, supports the covariate influences of age and evidences that playing FVGs does not hamper football play. This is the first study to examine millennial fans of football (the sport, not tied to a club) and the influence of fandom on football participation. By separating football participation into two forms, play and engagement, we highlight discrete influences, whilst evaluating for the first time the moderating influence of the time millennials spend playing FVGs. For sport managers and administrators, these are important findings to facilitate better segmentation, recruitment, retention and participation, each with broader societal health benefits. This is undertaken in Australia where football is not a dominant code, relegating fandom to a niche, thus revealing important findings for sports and business management.Millennial football fan participation: the influence of football video games on play and engagement
Luke Butcher, Mark Bryant
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Traditional sports have seen declining participation at many levels, with football being no different. This is occurring at a time when emergent technologies present new challenges, particularly to the crucial yet ignored cohort of millennials. Without meeting the needs of millennials, football cannot be successful in the future. This research seeks to understand how millennial football fandom (sport, not team) in Australia impacts football participation, whilst empirically examining the impact of football video games (FVGs).

Survey data are collected from online groups, forums and social media pages of Australian football (soccer) fans. Quantitative analysis of millennial fandom and its influence on football participation (for the first time demarcated into play and engagement) is undertaken, including the moderating influence of time spent playing FVGs, amidst covariate influences of age and number of children.

Results highlight the multi-dimensionality of millennial football fandom in Australia, reveal the typical hours spent playing football across a range of participation types (including play and engagement), support fan involvement’s influence on engagement with football, establish that a desire to interact with other football fans manifests in playing more football, specify how playing FVGs moderates these relationships, supports the covariate influences of age and evidences that playing FVGs does not hamper football play.

This is the first study to examine millennial fans of football (the sport, not tied to a club) and the influence of fandom on football participation. By separating football participation into two forms, play and engagement, we highlight discrete influences, whilst evaluating for the first time the moderating influence of the time millennials spend playing FVGs. For sport managers and administrators, these are important findings to facilitate better segmentation, recruitment, retention and participation, each with broader societal health benefits. This is undertaken in Australia where football is not a dominant code, relegating fandom to a niche, thus revealing important findings for sports and business management.

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Millennial football fan participation: the influence of football video games on play and engagement10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0039Sport, Business and Management2024-02-20© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedLuke ButcherMark BryantSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-2010.1108/SBM-04-2023-0039https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0039/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Sport, migration and diaspora: the case of Ivorian track and field athleteshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0046/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study focused on Ivorian track and field athletes who were current or former members of the Ivorian national team to understand athletes’ experiences with migration, diaspora and sport. Participatory action research (PAR) methodology was used in this research study (Lenette and Nesvaderani, 2021). According to Schinke and Blodgett (2016), PAR is a type of qualitative research used to engage the researcher and researched. The researcher and researched work together to understand the issues of a situation and communicate a plan to work toward resolving those issues (Kemmis et al., 2014). Using PAR helped to engage multiple people in the study, and as more research studies explore forced migration and sport, more scholars are starting to lean on the methodology to create a more diverse perspective and to include marginalized populations in the world of scholarly research (Stone, 2018; Robinson et al., 2019). Key findings illustrate Ivorian athletes’ ability to forge a bond that transcended tribal and political differences through geographical proximity and sport opportunity, allowing them to (re)connect with their Ivorian diaspora by representing the national team. This research paper expands on past studies in sport and migration by showcasing the fluid nature of how diaspora constructs an athlete’s national identity once they are forced to leave their homeland.Sport, migration and diaspora: the case of Ivorian track and field athletes
B. Nalani Butler, Thomas J. Aicher, Georgio Vahoua, Allyson C. Hartzell
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study focused on Ivorian track and field athletes who were current or former members of the Ivorian national team to understand athletes’ experiences with migration, diaspora and sport.

Participatory action research (PAR) methodology was used in this research study (Lenette and Nesvaderani, 2021). According to Schinke and Blodgett (2016), PAR is a type of qualitative research used to engage the researcher and researched. The researcher and researched work together to understand the issues of a situation and communicate a plan to work toward resolving those issues (Kemmis et al., 2014). Using PAR helped to engage multiple people in the study, and as more research studies explore forced migration and sport, more scholars are starting to lean on the methodology to create a more diverse perspective and to include marginalized populations in the world of scholarly research (Stone, 2018; Robinson et al., 2019).

Key findings illustrate Ivorian athletes’ ability to forge a bond that transcended tribal and political differences through geographical proximity and sport opportunity, allowing them to (re)connect with their Ivorian diaspora by representing the national team.

This research paper expands on past studies in sport and migration by showcasing the fluid nature of how diaspora constructs an athlete’s national identity once they are forced to leave their homeland.

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Sport, migration and diaspora: the case of Ivorian track and field athletes10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0046Sport, Business and Management2024-03-26© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedB. Nalani ButlerThomas J. AicherGeorgio VahouaAllyson C. HartzellSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2610.1108/SBM-04-2023-0046https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0046/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Resources, structural designs, climate and performance management in Botswana National Sport Organisationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0047/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis research investigates the roles that resources, organisational structure and climate play in the performance management of National Sport Organisations (NSOs). This qualitative study draws data from 31 interviews, five focus groups conducted amongst Botswana National Sport Organisations. To corroborate the data collected, documents from these sport organisations were content analysed. The amount and type of resources available, the degree to which decision-making is centralised, practices formalised and roles specialised affects how NSOs implement performance management. NSOs were not implementing performance management systems and could not tell whether they were creating favourable environments to implement the practices. Sport managers, policymakers and educators can use insights from this study to improve their practices. This study also proposes avenues for further research. This study contributes to sport management literature on performance management, and it is original because such as study has not been conducted before.Resources, structural designs, climate and performance management in Botswana National Sport Organisations
Lobone Lloyd Kasale, Moses Shanako Moruisi, Elsie Gaolatlhe Motswakhumo
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This research investigates the roles that resources, organisational structure and climate play in the performance management of National Sport Organisations (NSOs).

This qualitative study draws data from 31 interviews, five focus groups conducted amongst Botswana National Sport Organisations. To corroborate the data collected, documents from these sport organisations were content analysed.

The amount and type of resources available, the degree to which decision-making is centralised, practices formalised and roles specialised affects how NSOs implement performance management. NSOs were not implementing performance management systems and could not tell whether they were creating favourable environments to implement the practices.

Sport managers, policymakers and educators can use insights from this study to improve their practices. This study also proposes avenues for further research.

This study contributes to sport management literature on performance management, and it is original because such as study has not been conducted before.

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Resources, structural designs, climate and performance management in Botswana National Sport Organisations10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0047Sport, Business and Management2023-12-21© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedLobone Lloyd KasaleMoses Shanako MoruisiElsie Gaolatlhe MotswakhumoSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-2110.1108/SBM-04-2023-0047https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0047/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Innovation is the key: identifying factors to increase career satisfaction and psychological well-being in millennial and generation Z sport employeeshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0064/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this study was to investigate how to generate innovative work behaviors among Millennial and Generation Z sport employees and its impact on their career satisfaction and psychological well-being. The authors used structural equation modeling to examine the relationships among predictors of job engagement, innovative work behaviors, career satisfaction and psychological well-being. The model was tested across managerial sport employees of Division I athletics departments (N = 224). The highlights of the study include job engagement's positive relationship with innovative work behaviors and the positive influence of innovative work behavior on career satisfaction and psychological well-being. These findings signify the importance of considering job engagement and innovative work behaviors to develop a positive work experience for Millennial and Generation Z sport employees. Doing so is thought to be a critical step in cultivating an organizational competitive advantage via younger generations of sport employees.Innovation is the key: identifying factors to increase career satisfaction and psychological well-being in millennial and generation Z sport employees
Jasamine Hill, Minjung Kim, Brent D. Oja, Han Soo Kim, Hyun-Woo Lee
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate how to generate innovative work behaviors among Millennial and Generation Z sport employees and its impact on their career satisfaction and psychological well-being.

The authors used structural equation modeling to examine the relationships among predictors of job engagement, innovative work behaviors, career satisfaction and psychological well-being. The model was tested across managerial sport employees of Division I athletics departments (N = 224).

The highlights of the study include job engagement's positive relationship with innovative work behaviors and the positive influence of innovative work behavior on career satisfaction and psychological well-being.

These findings signify the importance of considering job engagement and innovative work behaviors to develop a positive work experience for Millennial and Generation Z sport employees. Doing so is thought to be a critical step in cultivating an organizational competitive advantage via younger generations of sport employees.

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Innovation is the key: identifying factors to increase career satisfaction and psychological well-being in millennial and generation Z sport employees10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0064Sport, Business and Management2023-12-05© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedJasamine HillMinjung KimBrent D. OjaHan Soo KimHyun-Woo LeeSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-0510.1108/SBM-05-2023-0064https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-05-2023-0064/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
The ongoing struggle for legitimacy: the case of an unsanctioned community sport organizationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-06-2023-0078/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThe purpose of this research is to explore how one unsanctioned community sport organization (CSO), AM Hockey, sought to acquire legitimacy in a highly institutionalized minor hockey marketplace at various points in its organizational life cycle. This study was guided by instrumental case study methodology. Twenty (20) AM Hockey stakeholders from a variety of roles (e.g. executives, program directors and coaches) were interviewed. Document analysis was also utilized to supplement the interviewees. Internal and public documents reflective of the CSO's creation and growth were obtained. Findings revealed that the CSO had to navigate distinct phases of evolution including the Building, Growth, Competition and Stabilization phases. Although the four life cycle phases identified in this study share similarities with the phases identified by Lester et al. (2003), findings indicated that institutional work mechanisms must be understood in their context as they can vary over the life cycle of an organization. Therefore, start-up sports organizations must approach the pursuit of legitimacy as a continual process rather than something acquired and defended through maintenance work. Developing legitimacy remains a central challenge for CSOs that seek to deliver alternative sport programming, yet it continues to be understudied. Ultimately, the long-term viability of an unsanctioned CSO in a federated sports system relies, in part, on its ability to continually determine the actions needed to achieve legitimacy within its environment.The ongoing struggle for legitimacy: the case of an unsanctioned community sport organization
Daniel Wigfield, Ryan Snelgrove
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

The purpose of this research is to explore how one unsanctioned community sport organization (CSO), AM Hockey, sought to acquire legitimacy in a highly institutionalized minor hockey marketplace at various points in its organizational life cycle.

This study was guided by instrumental case study methodology. Twenty (20) AM Hockey stakeholders from a variety of roles (e.g. executives, program directors and coaches) were interviewed. Document analysis was also utilized to supplement the interviewees. Internal and public documents reflective of the CSO's creation and growth were obtained.

Findings revealed that the CSO had to navigate distinct phases of evolution including the Building, Growth, Competition and Stabilization phases. Although the four life cycle phases identified in this study share similarities with the phases identified by Lester et al. (2003), findings indicated that institutional work mechanisms must be understood in their context as they can vary over the life cycle of an organization. Therefore, start-up sports organizations must approach the pursuit of legitimacy as a continual process rather than something acquired and defended through maintenance work.

Developing legitimacy remains a central challenge for CSOs that seek to deliver alternative sport programming, yet it continues to be understudied. Ultimately, the long-term viability of an unsanctioned CSO in a federated sports system relies, in part, on its ability to continually determine the actions needed to achieve legitimacy within its environment.

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The ongoing struggle for legitimacy: the case of an unsanctioned community sport organization10.1108/SBM-06-2023-0078Sport, Business and Management2023-12-28© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedDaniel WigfieldRyan SnelgroveSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-12-2810.1108/SBM-06-2023-0078https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-06-2023-0078/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
To attract viewers based on batting strike rate: an analysis of men’s international Twenty20 crickethttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-07-2023-0092/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study explores match related factors and their impact on the batting strike rate in Twenty20 cricket – an aspect which can generate excitement and fan engagement in cricket matches. Data was collected from www.cricinfo.com using a web scraping tool based on R programming from February 17, 2005, to October 25, 2022, numbering 4,221 men’s Twenty20 international innings featuring 41 national teams that had taken place in 85 venues across 11 countries of play. Hypothesis testing was conducted using one-way ANOVA. The findings indicate that batters score faster in the first inning of a match, and mean strike rates also vary significantly based on the country of play. Further, the study analyses the top performing national sides, venues and country of play in terms of mean batting strike rate, thus providing insights to cricket boards, international regulating bodies of cricket, sponsors, media companies and coaching staff for better decision-making based on batting strike rate. The originality of the study lies in its focus on using non-marketing strategies to increase fan engagement. Further, this study is the first one to examine different venues from the perspective of batting strike rate in men’s Twenty20 international matches.To attract viewers based on batting strike rate: an analysis of men’s international Twenty20 cricket
R.K. Renin Singh, Subrat Sarangi
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study explores match related factors and their impact on the batting strike rate in Twenty20 cricket – an aspect which can generate excitement and fan engagement in cricket matches.

Data was collected from www.cricinfo.com using a web scraping tool based on R programming from February 17, 2005, to October 25, 2022, numbering 4,221 men’s Twenty20 international innings featuring 41 national teams that had taken place in 85 venues across 11 countries of play. Hypothesis testing was conducted using one-way ANOVA.

The findings indicate that batters score faster in the first inning of a match, and mean strike rates also vary significantly based on the country of play. Further, the study analyses the top performing national sides, venues and country of play in terms of mean batting strike rate, thus providing insights to cricket boards, international regulating bodies of cricket, sponsors, media companies and coaching staff for better decision-making based on batting strike rate.

The originality of the study lies in its focus on using non-marketing strategies to increase fan engagement. Further, this study is the first one to examine different venues from the perspective of batting strike rate in men’s Twenty20 international matches.

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To attract viewers based on batting strike rate: an analysis of men’s international Twenty20 cricket10.1108/SBM-07-2023-0092Sport, Business and Management2024-02-05© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedR.K. Renin SinghSubrat SarangiSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-0510.1108/SBM-07-2023-0092https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-07-2023-0092/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
Scoping practical implications and managerial relevance in sport managementhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-07-2023-0097/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThere remains a critical issue in sport management scholarship in that the field lacks a well-defined framework for delineating practical implications in research. This research aims to answer the following research questions: (1) What types of practical implications can be identified in sport management research? (2) How can sport management research frame the practical implications of the study in a way that is both theoretically sound and useful for practitioners? Through a scoping review and within the lens of Jaworski (2011)'s framework for managerial relevance, the study examined 427 articles from European Sport Management Quarterly, Journal of Sport Management and Sport Management Review published between 2000 and 2020. This study presents a five-pronged framework that identifies target managers, organizational tasks, time horizons, philosophical impact and desired outcomes. Furthermore, the current research offers suggestions for how to present managerial implications in sport management research. The findings shed light on the managerial relevance of the recent sport management body of work, developing an important framework for practical implications for the field to reflect and incorporate into future studies. With a theoretical understanding of how to frame the practical implications of sport management research, the gap between academia and industry can continue to narrow, and the relevance to the industry may be more pertinent than ever before.Scoping practical implications and managerial relevance in sport management
Brandon Mastromartino, Michael L. Naraine, Windy Dees, James J. Zhang
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

There remains a critical issue in sport management scholarship in that the field lacks a well-defined framework for delineating practical implications in research. This research aims to answer the following research questions: (1) What types of practical implications can be identified in sport management research? (2) How can sport management research frame the practical implications of the study in a way that is both theoretically sound and useful for practitioners?

Through a scoping review and within the lens of Jaworski (2011)'s framework for managerial relevance, the study examined 427 articles from European Sport Management Quarterly, Journal of Sport Management and Sport Management Review published between 2000 and 2020.

This study presents a five-pronged framework that identifies target managers, organizational tasks, time horizons, philosophical impact and desired outcomes. Furthermore, the current research offers suggestions for how to present managerial implications in sport management research.

The findings shed light on the managerial relevance of the recent sport management body of work, developing an important framework for practical implications for the field to reflect and incorporate into future studies. With a theoretical understanding of how to frame the practical implications of sport management research, the gap between academia and industry can continue to narrow, and the relevance to the industry may be more pertinent than ever before.

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Scoping practical implications and managerial relevance in sport management10.1108/SBM-07-2023-0097Sport, Business and Management2023-11-20© 2023 Emerald Publishing LimitedBrandon MastromartinoMichael L. NaraineWindy DeesJames J. ZhangSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2023-11-2010.1108/SBM-07-2023-0097https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-07-2023-0097/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited
Sustainable behaviours of physical activity and sport practitioners – scale validationhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-09-2023-0111/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestThis study aims to analyse a new model to assess the sustainable behaviours, sustainable attitudes and sustainable knowledge on sport practitioners. This paper employs a scale of 44 items divided into three different dimensions to analyse the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards sustainable development on 227 sport participants. Through this study the authors have been able to obtain a reliable scale that allows us to analyse and the knowledge, attitudes and sustainable behaviours of physical and sports education practitioners. Both psychometric properties of the initial scale and the differences between studies contexts may affect the results of the present analysis. Therefore, new studies are needed in order to analyse how sport physical activities influence sustainable behaviours among physical activity and sport practitioners. In this work the authors present a valid and reliable tool for the study of the environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of physical activity and sport practitioners. Regarding the importance of sport in relation to sustainable development, this work is the first to adapt a scale to the context of practitioners of physical activity and sport in order to improve the understanding of how physical activity and sport affect sustainable behaviours, serving as a starting point for future research in sustainable development sports field.Sustainable behaviours of physical activity and sport practitioners – scale validation
Cristian Gregori-Faus, David Parra-Camacho, Ferran Calabuig
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

This study aims to analyse a new model to assess the sustainable behaviours, sustainable attitudes and sustainable knowledge on sport practitioners.

This paper employs a scale of 44 items divided into three different dimensions to analyse the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards sustainable development on 227 sport participants.

Through this study the authors have been able to obtain a reliable scale that allows us to analyse and the knowledge, attitudes and sustainable behaviours of physical and sports education practitioners.

Both psychometric properties of the initial scale and the differences between studies contexts may affect the results of the present analysis. Therefore, new studies are needed in order to analyse how sport physical activities influence sustainable behaviours among physical activity and sport practitioners.

In this work the authors present a valid and reliable tool for the study of the environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of physical activity and sport practitioners.

Regarding the importance of sport in relation to sustainable development, this work is the first to adapt a scale to the context of practitioners of physical activity and sport in order to improve the understanding of how physical activity and sport affect sustainable behaviours, serving as a starting point for future research in sustainable development sports field.

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Sustainable behaviours of physical activity and sport practitioners – scale validation10.1108/SBM-09-2023-0111Sport, Business and Management2024-02-15© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedCristian Gregori-FausDavid Parra-CamachoFerran CalabuigSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-02-1510.1108/SBM-09-2023-0111https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-09-2023-0111/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited
The impact of external factors on decision making in non-profit sport oganizationshttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-09-2023-0113/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatestPressures from non-profit sport organizations’ (NPSOs) external environment influence governance structures and processes. Thus, this study explores the impact of external factors on NPSO board decision making. Using a sample of six NPSO boards (two national, four provincial/territorial), data were collected via 36 observations, 18 interviews, and over 900 documents. A thematic analysis was conducted via NVivo 12. Results identified two external factors impacting NPSO board decision making: the sport system structure and general environment conditions. External factors impacted NPSO board decision making in terms of duration, flow, interaction, and scrutiny. Results demonstrate the need for NPSO boards to engage in boundary-spanning activities whereby external information sources from stakeholders are incorporated to make informed decisions. Practically, NPSO boards should harness virtual meetings to continue their operations while incorporating risk management analyses to assess threats and opportunities.The impact of external factors on decision making in non-profit sport oganizations
Erik L. Lachance, Milena M. Parent
Sport, Business and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.-

Pressures from non-profit sport organizations’ (NPSOs) external environment influence governance structures and processes. Thus, this study explores the impact of external factors on NPSO board decision making.

Using a sample of six NPSO boards (two national, four provincial/territorial), data were collected via 36 observations, 18 interviews, and over 900 documents. A thematic analysis was conducted via NVivo 12.

Results identified two external factors impacting NPSO board decision making: the sport system structure and general environment conditions. External factors impacted NPSO board decision making in terms of duration, flow, interaction, and scrutiny.

Results demonstrate the need for NPSO boards to engage in boundary-spanning activities whereby external information sources from stakeholders are incorporated to make informed decisions. Practically, NPSO boards should harness virtual meetings to continue their operations while incorporating risk management analyses to assess threats and opportunities.

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The impact of external factors on decision making in non-profit sport oganizations10.1108/SBM-09-2023-0113Sport, Business and Management2024-03-26© 2024 Emerald Publishing LimitedErik L. LachanceMilena M. ParentSport, Business and Managementahead-of-printahead-of-print2024-03-2610.1108/SBM-09-2023-0113https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SBM-09-2023-0113/full/html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss_journalLatest© 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited