Index
Investigating Spatial Inequalities
ISBN: 978-1-78973-942-8, eISBN: 978-1-78973-941-1
Publication date: 29 November 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2019), "Index", Håkansson, P.G. and Bohman, H. (Ed.) Investigating Spatial Inequalities, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-941-120191017
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 Selection and editorial matter Peter G. Håkansson and Helena Bohman. Published under exclusive licence. Individual chapters authors
INDEX
African-Americans
, 18
Agency for Transactions and Mediation in Immovable Properties (APN)
, 164
Agglomerations
, 5, 18, 23, 27, 28, 32
urban
, 200
Algorithms
, 2
Amenity-based adjustments
, 47, 50
Amenity index
, 199–200
APN. See Agency for Transactions and Mediation in Immovable Properties (APN)
Artificial intelligence
, 2
Automation vs manual work
, 2
Bid-rent theory
, 35, 48
Big data
, 2
Capital income
, 152–153
Centralization
, 55–56, 67–69
Centralization tendencies, in Norway
, 31
Centrality
, 6–7, 37–38
regressing population growth
, 37
Centrality index
, 37, 188
Chechen War, 1999
, 73–74
Cities vs. municipalities
, 59
City municipalities
, 59
Collective rent negotiations
, 143
Commuting patterns
distribution of
, 192, 193
gender gap
, 180–181, 185–186, 189–192
gender patterns in
, 178–181
household responsibility hypothesis
, 179–180
men and women
, 178
part-time employment
, 180–181
regional differences in
, 188–189
spatial segregation
, 180
in Sweden, Norway and Serbia
, 186–192
Commuting rates
, 182–184, 193–194
Conceptual Model
, 19–22, 24, 25
Control of corruption
Scandinavian countries
, 97
South East Europe
, 97–99
Convergence
, 4, 55–56
Croatia
, 3, 55–56, 93–94, 127–131
average flat price
, 167–168
housing market in
, 169–171
labour force mobility in
, 169–171
prices of property in
, 165–168
proportion of homeowners
, 165–167
unemployment
, 169–171
Croatian economic development, 2000–2016
, 56–58
Decentralizing
, 6
Decision Maker (DM)
, 201
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)
, 74
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Optical Line Scanner (DMSP-OLS)
, 72
DMSP-OLS night-time lights
, 73–75
Demographic indicators (DI)
, 202
Descriptive approach
, 32
Descriptive statistics
, 26–27
DI. See Demographic indicators (DI)
Digitalization
, 1, 55–56
Digital numbers (DN)
, 74
Disequilibrium explanations
, 46, 47
Disintegration, Yugoslavia
, 75–82
DM. See Decision Maker (DM)
DMSP. See Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)
DMSP-OLS. See Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Optical Line Scanner (DMSP-OLS)
DN. See Digital numbers (DN)
EAA. See Estate Agents Act (EAA)
EC. See European Commission (EC)
EC competition law
, 143
Economic and labour market (ELMI)
, 198–199, 202
Economic development
, 1, 5, 6
ECU-crisis
, 22
Educational mismatch
, 2
Educational upgrade
, 1
EES. See European Employment Strategy (EES)
ELECTRE Tri-C
, 201, 215
methodology
, 213
ELMI. See Economic and labour market (ELMI)
Employment growth
and local unemployment rates
, 47–48
and population growth
, 48
Endogenous theory
, 90–91
EQI. See European Quality of Government Index (EQI)
Estate Agents Act (EAA)
, 131–132
EU-28
, 56, 57
EU initiatives
creating new jobs
, 112
European Employment Strategy (EES)
, 111–112
experimental work
, 112
helping people into jobs
, 112
improving the employability
, 112
Local Employment Development Action Programme
, 112
local employment programmes
, 111
Local Social Capital Pilot Actions
, 112
Preparatory Measures for a Local Commitment to Employment
, 112
reducing inequality
, 112
Territorial Employment Pacts
, 112
Third Sector and Employment Programme
, 112
EU regional policy
, 1
Europe
, 1, 3
European Commission (EC)
, 143
European Employment Strategy (EES)
, 111–112
European Quality of Government Index (EQI)
, 102
European Structural Funds
, 6
European Union
, 111, 146–147
European Union Structural and Cohesion Funds
, 91
‘Flexicurity’ system
, 119
Fordist production system
, 55–56
Fourth industrial revolution
, 2, 55–56
GDP. See Gross domestic product (GDP)
GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (GDP (PPP))
, 75
Gender gaps
, 179, 185–186, 189–191, 194
Geographical mobility
, 2
Global financial crisis, 2008–2009
, 23
Global Gender Gap Index
, 181
Globalization
, 1
Governance
, 102
importance and characteristics of
, 90–93
definition
, 90
Government housing policy
, 164–165
Great Recession
, 23, 57
Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 73, 75
Gross regional product (GRP)
, 203
GRP. See Gross regional product (GRP)
Harris-Todaro mechanism
, 40, 46, 66–67
High-touch jobs
, 21
HMA. See Housing market indicators and amenities (HMA)
Household debt
, 147–152
Household responsibility hypothesis
, 179–180
women
, 180
House prices (in Sweden) 1985–2014
, 23
Housing market
, 124, 125, 126, 127–128, 131, 135–136
corporatism
, 144
in Croatia
, 169–171
household debt
, 147–152
internal migration
, 200–201
and labour market
, 19
political interventions on
, 147–152
prices
, 40
reforms in 1990s
, 148–150
regime
, 141
transaction costs in
, 126
Housing market indicators and amenities (HMA)
, 202
Housing right
, 162
ICT development
, 3
IDELE. See Identification, Dissemination and Exchange of good practice in Local Employment development (IDELE)
Identification, Dissemination and Exchange of good practice in Local Employment development (IDELE)
, 112
ILO. See International Labour Organization (ILO)
Income inequalities
, 1
Inequality
, 2–4
agglomeration
, 5
geographical mobility
, 2
labour market
, 39–40
meaning
, 4, 5
spatial
, 5
Theil index
, 32
Institutions
, 90, 91–92, 102
Interest tax deduction
, 152–153
Internal migration
, 197–198
economic market
, 199
housing market
, 200–201
infrastructure
, 199–200
labour market
, 199
quality of life
, 199–200
in Serbia
, 201–203
urban agglomerations
, 200
International Labour Organization (ILO)
, 184–185
JIS. See Joint Information System (JIS)
Joint Information System (JIS)
, 131
Knowledge-hubs
, 113–114
Labour force mobility, Croatia
, 169–171
Labour Force Survey
, 186
Labour market
average wage
, 62–63
classification of municipalities (Croatia)
, 62–69
classification of municipalities (Norway)
, 40–46
classification of municipalities (Serbia)
, 65
Commuting
, 179
in Croatia
, 58–59
development
, 184–186
disequilibrium
, 46, 47, 51
employment growth
, 62–63
equilibrium
, 46
female
, 182
and housing
, 19–22
indicators
, 62–63
inequalities
, 39–40
internal migration
, 199
local employment growth and local unemployment rates
, 47–48
local unemployment rates and local population growth
, 48–50
Norwegian region
, 33, 34
part-time employment
, 182
policy
, 116–117, 119
recessions
, 23
rent-setting
, 143
residential location decisions
, 37
in Serbia
, 58–59
unemployment
, 21, 62–63
Labour mobility
, 3, 178
LAU. See Local Administrative Units (LAU)
LAU2
, 6–7, 56, 58–59, 182
LAU-2
, 67–69
The Leader Initiative
, 118
LEED. See Local Economic and Employment Programme (LEED)
Levene’s and Brown-Forsythe’s tests
, 27
Levene’s robust test statistic (W0)
, 26–27, 28
Levene test
, 26–27
Light at night
, 72
Local Administrative Units (LAU)
, 6–7, 8
Local Area Units (LAU)
, 182
Local Economic and Employment Programme (LEED)
, 113
Local Employment Development Action Programme
, 112
Local employment growth
and local unemployment rates
, 47–48
Local employment programmes
, 111, 116–117
Local Social Capital Pilot Actions
, 112
Local unemployment
, 110–111
decentralization and
, 117–118
EU initiatives on
, 111–117
rates and local population growth
, 48–50
Lock-in effects
, 152
Low indicator value
, 62–63
Marshall
, 32
MCDA. See Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA)
MHCs. See Municipal housing companies (MHCs)
Monocentric model
, 179
Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA)
, 12, 201
Municipal housing companies (MHCs)
, 143, 146–147
Municipality
, 182
absolute population growth
, 36, 38
Bergen region
, 49
centrality index
, 37
classification of
, 40–46
different centrality
, 38
employment changes by
, 60–61
employment growth
, 32–33
labour-market classification of
, 62–69
local housing market
, 32–33
local labour market situation
, 40–46
population changes by
, 60–61
population growth and jobs in
, 37–38
population size
, 35, 36
relative population growth
, 36, 38
unemployment rate
, 32–33
National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
, 74
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
, 74
Neoclassical economic theory
, 140
Neoclassical theory
, 18, 19, 50, 90–91
Net Migration Rate (NMR)
, 206
New Institutional Economics (NIE)
, 92
NGDC. See National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
NIE. See New Institutional Economics (NIE)
Night-time light
, 72–73
armed conflicts
, 73–74
Chechen War, 1999
, 73–74
conflicts
, 73–74
disasters
, 73–74
and economic activity
, 73
refugee migrations
, 73–74
Russia-Georgia war, 2008
, 73–74
Syrian civil war
, 73–74
in Yugoslavia
, 78, 79
NMR. See Net Migration Rate (NMR)
NOAA. See National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS)
, 6–7, 8
Norway
, 3, 32, 55–56, 93
NUTS. See Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS)
Out-commuting rate
, 182–184, 188–189, 192, 193
Over-education
, 2
PES. See Public employment service (PES)
Population growth
absolute
, 36
for categories of municipalities
, 43
centrality
, 37
in Croatia
, 62, 67
geographical variation in
, 33–37
and jobs in municipalities
, 37–38
in labour market regions, 1970–2017
, 34
and local unemployment rates
, 48–50
relative
, 36
in Serbia
, 62, 67
Porta Futuro, Italy
, 115
POS. See Publicly Subsidized Residential Construction Programme (POS)
PPP. See Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Preparatory Measures for a Local Commitment to Employment
, 112
Property tax
, 153
Public employment service (PES)
, 116
Publicly Subsidized Residential Construction Programme (POS)
, 164–165
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
, 75
Quality of Government (QoG)
, 89
control of corruption
Scandinavian countries
, 97
South East Europe
, 97–99
country-level WGI
, 94
factors
, 92
government effectiveness and voice & accountability
Scandinavian countries
, 99–101
importance and characteristics of
, 90–93
local and regional
, 91
public investment decisions
, 92–93
regional economic performance
, 91
regional environmental performance
, 92–93
rule of law
, 95–97
Scandinavian countries
, 95
South East Europe
, 95–97
in Sweden, Norway, Croatia and Serbia
, 93–95
traditions and institutions
, 90, 92
Raster data
, 74–75
Real Estate Law
, 128–129
Refugee migrations
, 73–74
Regional conflict evaluation
, 72
Regional inequalities, Norway
, 32, 51–53
Regional inequalities, Sweden
, 19
conceptual model
, 20–22
divergence for employment rates
, 25–26
house prices
, 23, 25–26
local growth
, 18
related to geography
, 18
structural change
, 22
Swedish economy 1985–2014
, 22–23
Swedish municipalities
, 25–26
Rehn-Meidner model
, 19
Remote sensing data
, 72–74
Rental Act
, 143
Rent control
1942
, 144
1968–78
, 145–146
Rent Control Act, 1942
, 144
Rent Negotiation Act
, 145
1978
, 143
Residential location decisions
, 37
Robotics
, 2
Robust Brown-Forsythe test
, 28
Rule of law
Scandinavian countries
, 95
South East Europe
, 95–97
Rural-urban mobility
, 62
Russia-Georgia war, 2008
, 73–74
Satellite remote sensing missions
, 72
Schumpeter
, 22
SEE. See South East Europe (SEE)
Serbia
, 3, 55, 93–95, 178, 181, 186–192, 197
Serbian economic development, 2000–2016
, 56–58
SMH. See Spatial mismatch hypothesis (SMH)
SORS. See Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS)
South East Europe (SEE)
, 3, 4, 56
quality of government in
, 89
Spatial distribution
, 39, 45–46
Spatial inequality
, 1–4, 6
Spatial labour mobility
, 3–4
Spatial mismatch hypothesis (SMH)
, 18
Spatial mobility
, 160–162
and inequality
, 2–4
work-related
, 178
Spatial-temporal resolution
, 72
SPO. See Swedish Property Owners (SPO)
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS)
, 203
Statistics Norway
, 32, 33, 37–38
Structural change
, 18, 19, 22
SUT. See Swedish Union of Tenants (SUT)
Sweden
, 3, 17, 55–56, 131–133
Swedish corporatist rental system
, 143
Swedish economy 1985–2014
, 22–23
Swedish Property Owners (SPO)
, 144
Swedish rent-setting system
, 142–147
Swedish structural crisis (1975–1980)
, 22
Swedish Union of Tenants (SUT)
, 142–143
Syrian civil war
, 73–74
Taxation
, 152–153
Tax Reform, 1991
, 152–153
Technological change
, 2
Tenant movement
, 142–143
Tenants right
, 162
TEPs. See Territorial Employment Pacts (TEPs)
Territorial Employment Pacts (TEPs)
, 111, 112
Austria
, 115–117
The Equal Initiative
, 117–118
Theil index
, 32, 39–40
Third industrial revolution (1975–1980)
, 22
Third Sector and Employment Programme
, 112
Trade and technology
, 2
Transaction costs
, 124–127
conceptual model of
, 126–127
in the housing market
, 126
Transaction process
, 127–131
comparing Croatia and Sweden
, 133–135
Croatia
contracting
, 130
fees and taxes in
, 136
marketing phase
, 128–129
pre-contract phase
, 129–130
registration
, 130–131
Sweden
the contract phase
, 132–133
fees and taxes in
, 136
marketing phase
, 131–132
registration
, 133
UKCES labour market projections, (UK, 2012 to 2022)
, 118
Unemployment
, 18, 21, 108–109, 110–111, 116, 117
United States
, 1
Urban agglomerations
, 200
The Urban Initiative
, 118
Urbanization tendencies, in Norway
, 31
Urbanity
, 6–7
Urban-rural divide
, 23, 28, 62
Urban-rural wage differentials
, 63
Use value system
, 143
Vector data
, 74–75
Vegetation classification
, 72
Weather forecasting
, 72
WGI. See Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI); Worldwide Governance Indicators’ (WGI)
WGI score
, 93–94, 95
World Bank
, 75–77
World Development Indicator
, 186
World Economic Forum
, 181
World War I
, 72
World War II
, 75
Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)
, 90, 93
WWII rent regulation
, 143
Xenophobic movements
, 1
Yugoslavia
, 71–72
disintegration of
, 71, 75–82
fall of
, 71–72
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Introduction: Spatial Inequalities in the Age of Rapid Technological Advances
- Section I Spatial Divergence
- Chapter 2 Regional Inequalities in Sweden 1985–2014
- Chapter 3 Centralization and Urbanization Tendencies in Norway
- Chapter 4 Spatial Inequality in Croatia and Serbia
- Chapter 5 Impact and Recovery – An Analysis of the Disintegration of Yugoslavia
- Section II Housing and Institutional Perspectives
- Chapter 6 Quality of Government – Scandinavia vs. South East Europe
- Chapter 7 Local Initiatives for Effective Local Labour Markets
- Chapter 8 Housing and Transaction Costs
- Chapter 9 Residential Mobility and Housing Policy – Continuity and Change in the Swedish Housing Regime
- Chapter 10 Housing Policy and Labour Market in Croatia
- Section III Mobility
- Chapter 11 On an Equal Footing? Comparing Commuting Patterns Across Space and Gender
- Chapter 12 A Multiple Criteria Approach to Interregional Migrations – The Case of Serbia
- Index