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Is there discrimination against the agricultural sector in the credit rationing behavior of commercial banks in Ghana?

Frank Gyimah Sackey (Department of Economics, Catholic University College of Ghana, Sunyani, Ghana)

Agricultural Finance Review

ISSN: 0002-1466

Article publication date: 8 March 2018

Issue publication date: 14 May 2018

357

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine if credit rationing persists even in the era of financial liberalization, the extent to which individual, firm and loan characteristics influence the rationing behavior of commercial banks and whether the agricultural sector is discriminated against in the commercial bank credit market.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a probit model with marginal effects and a generalized Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition estimation on a randomly selected data of 1,239 entrepreneurs from eight commercial banks’ credit records about their individual, firm and loan characteristics.

Findings

The study revealed that credit rationing persists and that applying for a relatively longer payment period, providing collateral and guarantor, being illiterate, being relatively older and being in the agricultural sector increases the likelihood of being credit rationed, while having some relationship with the bank, having non-mandatory savings and applying from a bank with relatively high interest rates reduce the likelihood of being credit rationed. The study also revealed a credit gap of 17.77 percent and a positive discrimination against borrowers in the agricultural sector as the gap was largely being influenced by unexplained factors.

Research limitations/implications

The research was intended to cover a large number of commercial banks in Ghana. However, most of the banks were unwilling to provide such information about their borrowers; hence, the research was limited to only eight commercial banks who provided the author with the information needed for the study.

Practical implications

The study concludes that policies that enhance human capital, women, and older access to credit and agricultural-oriented financial services and others, will go a long way to reduce rationing and increase access to credit, especially to the agricultural sector.

Social implications

The research proposes the use of group lending as a form of collateral and monitoring to ease risks and default, and hence supports sustainable funding to increase access and outreach.

Originality/value

The paper looks at the comprehensive way about the various factors determining credit rationing in that it considers not only the individual, economic/firm and loan characteristics but also the extent to which discrimination toward the agricultural sector exists in the commercial banks credit market.

Keywords

Citation

Sackey, F.G. (2018), "Is there discrimination against the agricultural sector in the credit rationing behavior of commercial banks in Ghana?", Agricultural Finance Review, Vol. 78 No. 3, pp. 348-363. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-08-2017-0077

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited

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