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The role of temporal focus and self-congruence on consumer preference and willingness to pay: A new scrutiny in branding strategy

Teck Ming Tan (Department of Marketing, Management and International Business, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland)
Jari Salo (Department of Economics and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia)
Jouni Juntunen (Department of Marketing, Management and International Business, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland)
Ashish Kumar (Department of Marketing, Aalto University School of Business, Helsinki, Finland)

European Journal of Marketing

ISSN: 0309-0566

Article publication date: 2 November 2018

Issue publication date: 8 February 2019

2552

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the psychological mechanism that motivates consumers to pay more for a preferred brand that reflects their actual or ideal self-concept, by examining the shift in attention between consumer’s present, future, and past moments.

Design/methodology/approach

First, in a survey setting, the study identifies the relationship between temporal focus and self-congruence. Subsequently, we conduct three experiments to capture the effects of temporal focus on brand preference and willingness to pay (WTP). In these experiments, we manipulate consumers’ self-congruence and temporal focus.

Findings

The findings show that consumers with a present focus (distant future and distant past foci) tend to evaluate a brand more preferably when the brand serves to reflect their actual (ideal) selves. However, in the absence of present focus consumers’ WTP is more for a brand that reflects their ideal selves.

Research limitations/implications

The study does not have an actual measure on consumers’ WTP; instead we use single-item measure.

Practical implications

This study sheds new light on branding strategy. The results suggest that authentic and aspirational branding strategies are relevant to publicly consumed products. Brand managers could incorporate consumers’ temporal focus into branding strategy that could significantly influence consumer preference and WTP for their brands.

Originality/value

This study expands our understanding of brand usage imagery congruity by showing that temporal focus is an important determinant of self-congruence. In this regard, this study empirically investigates the relationship of temporal focus, self-congruence, brand preference, and WTP. It further reveals that mere brand preference does not necessarily lead consumers to pay more for symbolic brands.

Keywords

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Saila Saraniemi, Minna Törmälä, Eeva-Liisa Oikarinen, Waqar Nadeem, and Hannu Torvinen, as well as the associate editor François Anthony Carrillat and two reviewers, for their invaluable comments and feedback on this article

Citation

Tan, T.M., Salo, J., Juntunen, J. and Kumar, A. (2019), "The role of temporal focus and self-congruence on consumer preference and willingness to pay: A new scrutiny in branding strategy", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 53 No. 1, pp. 37-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-04-2017-0303

Publisher

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited

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