12. AMENITIES DRIVE URBAN GROWTH: A NEW PARADIGM AND POLICY LINKAGES

Abstract

Studies of the city traditionally posit a division between a city’s economy and its culture, with culture subordinate in explanatory power to “work.” However, post-industrial and globalizing trends are dramatically elevating the importance of culture. Cultural activities are increasingly crucial to urban economic vitality. Models to explain the growth of cities from the era of industrial manufacturing are outmoded. Loss of heavy industry impacts the dynamics of urban growth, increasing the relative importance of the city both as a space of consumption and as a site for “production” which is distinctly symbolic/expressive. Some have seen globalization, the wired city, and electronic communication as destroying cities as proximity should decline in importance. This may be correct for some production concerns, but this in turn raises questions about consumption versus production decisions affecting urban growth and dynamics. Even in a former industrial power like Chicago, the number one industry has become entertainment, which city officials define to include tourism, conventions, restaurants, hotels, and related economic activities. Citizens in the postindustrial city increasingly make “quality of life” demands, treating their own urban location as if tourists, emphasizing aesthetic concerns. These practices impact considerations about the proper nature of amenities that post-industrial cities can sustain. The city increasingly becomes an Entertainment Machine, leveraging culture to enhance its economic well being. The entertainment components of cities are actively and strategically produced through political and economic processes. Entertainment becomes the work of many urban participants. We elaborate this theme in general and illustrate its force with case study materials from Chicago and a national study of U.S. mayors in cities over 25,000 in population.

Citation

Nichols Clark, T., Lloyd, R., Wong, K.K. and Jain, P. (2003), "12. AMENITIES DRIVE URBAN GROWTH: A NEW PARADIGM AND POLICY LINKAGES", Nichols Clark, T. (Ed.) The City as an Entertainment Machine (Research in Urban Policy, Vol. 9), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 291-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3520(03)09012-3