Index
Lynne Bowker
(University of Ottawa, Canada)
Jairo Buitrago Ciro
(University of Ottawa, Canada)
ISBN: 978-1-78756-722-1, eISBN: 978-1-78756-721-4
Publication date: 1 May 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Bowker, L. and Ciro, J.B. (2019), "Index", Machine Translation and Global Research: Towards Improved Machine Translation Literacy in the Scholarly Community, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-721-420191008
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Page numbers followed by “t” indicate tables.
abbreviated forms
, 68–69
abstract(s)
academic
, 26
benefits
, 72
defined
, 71
indexing
, 71
informative
, 71
structured
, 71
translation-friendly
, 72–76, 74t–75t
writing
, 71–72
abstracting-indexing organizations
, 3
abstractors
, 3, See also abstract(s)
academic librarians
, 57
delivering machine translation literacy instruction
, 92–93
academic libraries
, 92
academic writing
, 13–14, 60–62, See also translation-friendly writing
colloquialization
, 61
corpus-based investigation
, 60–61
foreign language
, 25–26
active voice
, 64–65, See also passive voice
AECMA Simplified English
, 51–52
Aikawa, T.
, 75
Allen, S.
, 92
ALPAC.
, See Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC)
ambiguity(ies)
, 40, 46–49
anaphora
, 48–49
homonyms
, 46
idiomatic expressions
, 49
lexical
, 40, 46–47
polysemy
, 46
structural
, 47–48
word category
, 46–47
American Journal Experts
, 16–17
editing services
, 17
on machine translation
, 23–24
translation services
, 17, 17t
analytic languages
, 77
anaphora
, 48–49, See also pronoun
Anazawa, R.
, 11, 14, 32–33, 34
Arnold, D.
, 23
assimilation of information
, 29–32
The Atlantic
, 45
Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC)
, 38
Baron, S.
, 34
Bartlett, J. C.
, 34
Benfield, J.
, 12, 57, 93
Bennett, K.
, 9–10, 81
Bing Translator (Microsoft)
, 22, 84
Bologna Declaration
, 9–10
Bowker, L.
, 25, 28, 39, 59, 75
British Journal of Surgery
, 72
British National Corpus (BNC)
, 61
Buitrago Ciro, J.
, 22, 25, 27, 59, 75
Bull, S.
, 92
Burgess, S.
, 13, 14–15, 81–82
Canada
, 10, 22, 23, 38, 42–43
Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene
, 30, 33
Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science
, 72
Cargill, M.
, 13, 14, 57
Carranza, N.
, 10
Castilho, S.
, 45–46
Caterpillar Technical English (CTE)
, 52
China
, 10
Citizenship and Immigration Canada
, 10
Clas, A.
, 8
Cochrane
, 58–59, See also Plain Language Summary (PLS)
colloquialization
, 61
Commission of the European Communities
, 38
Common Sense Advisory
, 84
computer-aided translation tools
, 38–39
controlled languages
, 49–53, 59
advantages
, 52
characteristics
, 51
CTE
, 52
document authoring
, 51–52
limitations
, 52–53
vocabularies
, 51
controlled vocabulary
, 50, 51, 52
convenience editing
, 18, 25
Corcoran, J.
, 11, 13–14
corpus-based approaches
, 39, 42–44
EBMT
, 39, 42–43
SMT
, 39, 43–44
costs of translation and editing services
, 15–17, 17t
cryptographic techniques
, 37–38
CTE.
, See Caterpillar Technical English
cultural references
, 69–70
Curry, M. J.
, 14
databases
, 3, 11, 22, 27–28, 72
EBSCO
, 31
keywords
, 28
LISTA
, 28–29
ProQuest
, 22, 30–31
searching
, 28
data-driven approaches.
, See corpus-based approaches
Delisle, J.
, 8, 23
DePalma, D. A.
, 84–85
Desrochers, N.
, 20, 80–81
digital literacy
, 33
digital literacy librarians
, 92
Doherty, S.
, 44
Drubin, D. G.
, 12–13, 57
Dueñas, M.
, 20
EBMT.
, See example-based machine translation (EBMT)
EBSCO
, 31
e-Ciencias de la Información
, 28
editing
, 15, 17, 90–91, See also post-editing; pre-editing
editorial assistance.
, See convenience editing
ElMalik, A. T.
, 13
Elsevier
, 15
on machine translation
, 24
pricing policy
, 16
on translation and translators
, 15
English.
, See also machine translation; publication/publishing; translation-friendly writing
Euro-English
, 76
Hinglish
, 76
Internet and
, 9
limited proficiency
, 11, 13, 14, 17, 25, 34
as lingua franca (common language)
, 9–11
native speakers of
, 12–13, 35
scholarly publishing
, 9
varieties of
, 11, 76
World
, 11, 80
English for Academic Purposes
, 13
English for Research Publication Purposes
, 13–14, 20, 57
English-language skills, need of
, 12
English language teachers
, 18, 93
epistemicide/epistemicidal process
, 81
Eriksson, S.
, 19
ethics
, 82–84
Euro-English
, 76
Europe
Bologna Declaration
, 9–10
English-taught university programs
, 10
Euro-English
, 76
European Union
, 23, 41
example-based machine translation (EBMT)
, 39, 42–43
Faires, D.
, 10
Feak, C.
, 12, 57, 93
FIFA World Cup (2018)
, 5–6
Fink, G. A.
, 42
Fiverr
, 18, 19
Flowerdew, J.
, 12, 14, 80
Ford, C.
, 10
freelance services
, 18, See also gig economy
free online machine translation.
, See online machine translation
Fujita, A.
, 75
Gea-Valor, M. L.
, 14–15, 81–82
Gerlach, J.
, 75
Gigbucks
, 18–19
gig economy
concept of
, 18
translation services
, 18–20
Gillis, A.
, 19
gisting
, 23, 29, 30, 76, 80
Google
, 84–85
Google Translate
, 1, 19, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 75, 84
“Google Translate Sings,”
, 1
Goulet, M.-J.
, 25, 76
Graduate School of Medicine of University of Tokyo
, 32
Gray, B.
, 8–9
Hawtin, A.
, 61
Helgesson, G.
, 19
Hight, M.
, 92
Hinglish
, 76
Hirsh, S.
, 10
homograph/homography.
, See word category ambiguity
homonyms
, 46
Honduras
, 10
Horguelin, P. A.
, 8
Horn, D.
, 93
Hughes, H.
, 92
human translation
, 83, See also machine translation
humor
, 69–70
Hutchins, W. J.
, 29, 37, 39
hybrid language
, 76
Hyland, K.
, 18
idiomatic expressions
, 49, 69–70
IFLA.
, See International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
indexing
, 27–28, 71
India
, 10
Hinglish
, 76
indirect transfer systems
, 40
industrialization
, 9
information
assimilation
, 29–32
discovery
, 27–29
searching
, 27–29
Institute of International Education
, 10
instruction on machine translation literacy.
, See machine translation literacy instruction
intellectual property
, 84
intercultural mediator
, 81
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
, 30
international journals
, 12
Bologna zone academics
, 10
English-language abstracts
, 11
peer-reviewed
, 13
international students
, 10, 34, 92
Introduction to Reference Sources in the Health Sciences
, 24
Investigación Bibliotecológica: Archivonomía, Bibliotecología e Información
, 72
Ishikawa, H.
, 11, 14, 32–33, 34
Ishimura, Y.
, 34
Jackson, P. A.
, 92
Japan, nurses in
, 11–12, 14, 32
Jelicic Kadic, A.
, 58–59
Joudrey, D. N.
, 51
journal(s)
, 8
international.
, See international journals
predatory
, 19
scholarly publishing
, 11–22, See also publication/publishing
journal editors
, 4, 12, 39, 57, 80
Journal of English for Academic Purposes
, 14
Kamocki, P.
, 84, 85
Keet, H.
, 19, 20
Kellogg, D. R.
, 12–13, 57
Kenny, D.
, 44, 79, 82–83
keywords
, 28
Kit, C.
, 28, 29, 31–32, 33, 34
Kittredge, R. I.
, 51, 52
Kiuchi, T.
, 11, 14, 32–33, 34
Knight, L.
, 92
knowledge organization systems
, 27–28, See also databases
Korea
, 9, 10
Kummert, F.
, 42
Lahlafi, A.
, 92
language(s).
, See also English; machine translation
ambiguities.
, See ambiguity(ies)
analytic
, 77
grammatical genders used in
, 66
indexing
, 27–28
synthetic
, 77
Language Engineering Company
, 30–31, See also ProQuest
Larivière, V.
, 20, 80–81
LeBlanc, C.
, 23
lexical ambiguity
, 40, 46–47
LibGuides
, 58
librarians
, 34, 58, 92
academic.
, See academic librarians
continuing education
, 3
digital literacy
, 92
international students and
, 34
literacies and
, 34, 92–93
plain language instruction and
, 93
professional associations
, 3
public
, 4, 93
scholarly communication
, 92
school
, 4, 93
workshop
, 89–92
Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA)
, 28–29
Library of Congress Subject Headings
, 51
Lillis, T. M.
, 14
limited English proficiency
, 11, 13, 14, 17, 25, 34
LISTA.
, See Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA)
literacy(ies)
, 33
digital
, 33
information
, 3, 33, 34, 58, 92, 93
librarians and
, 34, 92–93
machine translation.
, See machine translation literacy
media
, 3, 33, 34, 92
meaning of
, 87
types
, 3, 34
literacy brokers
, 14
English teachers as
, 18
Lockwood, R.
, 52
López-Navarro, I.
, 12
Luo, N.
, 18
machine translation
, 37–53
ambiguity of language
, 40, 46–49
appropriate use
, 33
brief history of
, 37–40
controlled languages and
, 49–53
corpus-based approaches to
, 39, 42–44
deficiencies/limits of
, 22–24
direct transfer systems
, 39–40
ethics and.
, See ethics
example-based.
, See example-based machine translation (EBMT)
hybrid models 39indirect transfer systems,
, 40
information assimilation
, 29–32
neural.
, See neural machine translation (NMT)
online
, 22, 79, 84–85
privacy risks
, 84–85
rule-based.
, See rule-based machine translation (RBMT)
searching information
, 27–29
statistical.
, See statistical machine translation (SMT)
sub-language approach to
, 50–51
translation memory systems and
, 38–39
machine translation literacy
, 32–35, 56
framework
, 87–93
need for
, 92
teaching
, 35
training
, 34–35
working definition
, 87–88
machine translation literacy instruction
, 35, 77, 88–93
school children and
, 93
Maiworm, F.
, 10
Martin, A.
, 33
Medical Subject Headings
, 51
Meneses Benavides, G. A.
, 12
MÉTÉO system
, 22, 50
Microsoft’s Bing Translator.
, See Bing Translator (Microsoft)
Miyata, R.
, 75
modifiers
, 65
modifier stacking.
, See noun stacking
Montgomery, S.
, 8, 9, 14
Moreno, A. I.
, 12, 14–15, 81–82
Moses machine translation system
, 85
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
, 58
Mur Dueñas, P.
, 12, 20
National Autonomous University of Mexico
, 72
National Research Council of Canada
, 23
native speakers, of English
, 12–13, 35
natural languages
, 37
Nature
, 8
Nesi, H.
, 13
neural machine translation (NMT)
, 39, 44–46, 83
neural network
, 44–45
The New York Times
, 5–6
NMT.
, See neural machine translation (NMT)
nouns
, 66–67
noun stacking
, 48, 65, See also structural ambiguity
nurses, in Japan
, 11–12, 14, 32
O’Brien, S.
, 25–26, 27, 76
O’Connor, P.
, 57
Olohan, M.
, 12, 15, 60
online machine translation
, 22, 79, 84–85
optimal use
, 32
open source system
, 85
O’Regan, J.
, 84, 85
Pan-American Health Organization
, 22
parallel corpus
, 42
Park, M.
, 14, 32
Parra Escartín, C.
, 25, 26–27, 33, 76
passive voice
, 64–65, See also active voice
peer reviewers
, 4, 12, 39, 57
peer reviews
, 19, 55
personal pronouns
, 66–67, See also pronouns
PLAIN.
, See Plain Language Association International (PLAIN)
plain language
, 62–63, See also translation-friendly writing
defined
, 62
instruction, librarians and
, 93
summaries
, 58–59
Plain Language Association International (PLAIN)
, 62
Plain Language Summary (PLS)
, 58–59
PLS.
, See Plain Language Summary (PLS)
Polfer, L.
, 92
polysemy
, 46
Portage machine translation system
, 23
post-editing
, 25–27, See also self-post-editing
defined
, 25, 76
full/maximal
, 25
notes on
, 76–77
pre-editing vs.
, 60
rapid/minimal
, 25
predatory publishing
, 19
pre-editing
, 52, 60, See also post-editing
prepositional phrase attachment ambiguity
, 47–48, See also structural ambiguity
price.
, See costs of translation and editing services
Prince George Citizen
, 48
privacy
, 84–85
professional translation services
, 24
cost of
, 16–17, 17t
pronouns
, 49, See also anaphora
personal
, 66–67
relative
, 65–66
ProQuest
, 22, 30–31
website
, 31
ProQuest Dialog
, 31
publication/publishing
, 11–22
editorial assistance
, 18
English for Research Publication Purposes
, 13–14
gig translation services
, 18–20
predatory
, 19
strategies with pros and cons
, 20–22, 21t
traditional model
, 12
translation
, 14–17
public librarians
, 4, 93
Quintanilla, M.
, 12
RBMT.
, See rule-based machine translation (RBMT)
Reese, Malinda Kathleen
, 1
relative pronouns
, 65–66, See also pronouns
research databases.
, See databases
Rey-Rocha, J.
, 12, 14–15, 81–82
ride-share organizations
, 18
rule-based machine translation (RBMT)
, 39–42, 83
Sagerer, G.
, 42
Saudi Arabia
, 10
scholarly communication
, 1–2, See also publication/publishing
concept of
, 7–8
scientific literature
, 8–9
scholarly communication librarian
, 92
scholarly publishing.
, See publication/publishing
school librarians
, 4, 93
School of Library Studies and Information Sciences, University of Costa Rica
, 28
Schwartz, L.
, 25
science, development and growth of
, 8
scientific articles
, 8
scientific literature
, 8–9
scientific research
, 8, See also publication/publishing
translation of
, 14–17
self-post-editing
, 25–27, 33, 91–92
sentence-level ambiguities
, 47
sentences, short
, 64
Sereten, V.
, 75
short sentences.
, See sentences, short
short-term contracts
, 18, See also gig economy
Simard, M.
, 25–26, 76
SMT.
, See statistical machine translation (SMT)
Solovova, O.
, 82
Somers, H. L.
, 29, 37
Soper, N.
, 19, 20
source language interference
, 76
Spain
, 11, 14
SPANAM/ENGSPAN system
, 22
statistical machine translation (SMT)
, 39, 43–44, 83
Strout-Dapaz, A.
, 34
structural ambiguity
, 47–48, See also ambiguity(ies)
noun stacking
, 48
prepositional phrase attachment
, 47–48
Stupiello, E. N. A.
, 83
sub-language approach
, 50–51
Sullivan, P.
, 92
Swales, J. M.
, 60
synonyms
, 68
synthetic languages
, 77
Systran machine translation system
, 38
Tanimoto, K.
, 18
Taylor, A. G.
, 51
Taylor & Francis
, 16, 17, 17t, 58
technological boom
, 8
technological determinism vs. technological instrumentalism
, 79–80
technological research
, 8
terminology
consistency in usage
, 67–68
legitimate synonyms
, 68
Texas Medical Center Library, Houston
, 24
texts, types of
, 63
Tietze, S.
, 18
translation(s)
costs/prices of
, 15–17, 17t
Elsevier on
, 15
in gig economy
, 18–20
machine.
, See machine translation
professional.
, See professional translation services
scientific
, 14–17
Translation Bureau, Canada
, 23
translation-friendly writing
, 55–77, 90–91
abbreviated forms to be avoided for
, 68–69
abstracts
, 72–76, 74t–75t
guidelines for
, 63–70
purpose of
, 62–63
translation memory systems
, 38–39, See also computer-aided translation tools
translation of scientific research
, 14–17
translators.
, See also translation(s)
Elsevier on
, 15
professional
, 17
visibility
, 83
unambiguous words
, 68
United Kingdom
, 10, 15
United States
, 9, 15
universities
English-taught programs
, 10
international students
, 10
libraries
, 57–58
University of Ottawa
, 10
University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine of
, 32
Van Dijk, T. A.
, 7
varieties, of English
, 11, 76
Varman, B.
, 24, 30, 33
Veríssimo. J.
, 82
Vieira, J.
, 82
vocabulary, controlled language
, 50, 51, 52
voice
, 64–65, See also active voice, passive voice
Wächter, B.
, 10
Weaver, W.
, 37–38
Weaver’s Memorandum
, 38
Wiley
, 16, 17, 17t, 58
Willey, I.
, 18
Wong, T. M.
, 28, 29, 31–32, 33, 34
word category ambiguity
, 46–47
wordiness
, 66
workshops
, 92, 93
World Englishes
, 11, 80
World War II
, 7, 22–23
Writing Scientific Research Articles (Cargill and O’Connor)
, 57
- Prelims
- Introduction
- 1. Scholarly Communication
- 2. Machine Translation
- 3. Expanding the Reach of Knowledge Through Translation-Friendly Writing
- 4. Some Wider Implications of Using Machine Translation for Scholarly Communication
- 5. Towards a Framework for Machine Translation Literacy
- References
- Index