Index

Why Do People Migrate?

ISBN: 978-1-83867-750-3, eISBN: 978-1-83867-747-3

Publication date: 16 September 2019

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2019), "Index", Duszczyk, M. (Ed.) Why Do People Migrate?, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-747-320191008

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019, Maciej Duszczyk


INDEX

Active labour market policy (ALMP)
, 87

ALMP. See Active labour market policy (ALMP)

Anglo-Saxon model
, 9–11, 107–108

Blue-collar and low-skilled workers
, 35

British labour market
, 15–16, 50–51, 81, 90–91, 122–123, 147–148

British minimum wage
, 84

Capitalist economies
, 9, 107

Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries
, 1–2, 11–12, 55–57

CMEs. See Coordinated market economies (CMEs)

Contract, types of
, 88–91

Coordinated market economies (CMEs)
, 9, 107

characteristic
, 114

Corruption
, 54–55, 125–126

Cultural bias
, 69–70

Economic crisis
, 71–72

Economic recession
, 91

Economic security
, 31–32

Economic support
, 138–139

Educational attainment
, 37–39

Educational migration
, 41

Emigration
, 26–27, 119, 136–137

Emigration-immigration country
, 3

Employment
, 27, 29

agencies
, 54–55

benefits
, 114

contract
, 120–121

flexible forms of
, 11–12

in Poland
, 13–14

precarious
, 93–94

protection
, 29–30, 52–55, 114

quality of
, 88–91

tenure
, 139

Employment protection legislation (EPL)
, 52–54, 91–93

Employment Protection Legislation Index
, 15–16

Employment security
, 4–5, 14–15, 26–27, 30, 32–33, 50–51, 74–75, 147–148, 149–150

flexible forms
, 35–36

model
, 95–96

term and the concept
, 35–36

“varieties of capitalism” (VoC) concept
, 107–111

Enhanced employability
, 35–36

Entrepreneurs
, 141–142

EPL. See Employment protection legislation (EPL)

ESS. See European Social Survey (ESS)

Eurobarometer
, 36–37, 96

European Economic Area
, 47–48

European Social Survey (ESS)
, 15–16, 36–37, 68–69

European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS)
, 15–16, 68–69, 71–72

Eurostat
, 96

databases
, 15–16

EWCS. See European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS)

Family benefits, economic support
, 138–139

Financial capital
, 46–47

Fixed-term employment contracts
, 13–14

Flexibilisation of work
, 27–28

Flexible security
, 50–51

Flexicurity model
, 35–36, 51, 95–96

Foreigner hiring
, 53–54

Free market economic principles
, 135–139

German labour markets
, 15–17, 120, 122–123

Germany

coordinated market economy
, 105–106

current employment
, 77–79

employment type
, 88–90

low-wage earners
, 85–86

median income
, 83–84

migration policy
, 134–135, 141–142

Polish employees in
, 105–106

Polish labour migrants
, 111–112

unemployment in
, 79–80

“Grey zone”
, 143–144

of economy
, 86–87, 96

of labour market
, 13–14

High job security
, 77–79

High-skilled immigrants
, 52

Human and social capital indicators
, 37–39

Human labour
, 30–31

ILO. See International Labour Organization (ILO)

Income security
, 14–15, 31–32

and labour market security
, 119–120

Industrial democracies
, 25–26

Industrial societies
, 29–30

Inferior and underprivileged labour market status
, 30–31

Insecurity
, 27–28, 33–34

Institutional and welfare state models
, 26–27

International labour market
, 36

International Labour Organization (ILO)
, 68–69

Job insecurity
, 33–34, 71–72, 109–110

Job loss
, 71–72, 79

Job permanency
, 114

Job placement system
, 12

Job related education and training
, 87–88

Job-related security
, 33–34

Job security
, 14–15, 31–33, 44–46, 50–51, 112–114, 126–127, 134–135, 141–142, 147–148, 149–150

and employment security
, 33–39

level
, 72–74, 105–106

preference for
, 111, 116

socio-economic model
, 79–80

See also Employment

Labour Code
, 14–15, 91

Labour Inspectorate
, 143–144

Labour legislation
, 136–137

and social security systems
, 144–145

Labour market arrangements
, 114

Labour market instability
, 88–90

Labour market security
, 30, 32, 44–46

income security and
, 119–120, 120

individual and collective goals, accomplishment
, 27–33

as migration decisions, co-determinant
, 39–48

migration goals achievement
, 48–55

objective indicators
, 79–82

subjective indicators
, 69–79

Labour migrations
, 55–57, 107–111

Labour permits
, 125–126, 143–144

Labour protection legislation
, 26–27, 53–54

Labour relations and employment policy
, 37–39

Labour union density
, 109–110

Large-scale lay-offs
, 91

Liberal market economies (LMEs)
, 9–11, 107, 110–112

Life-time employment
, 36

Lower-educated immigrants
, 44–46

Low-wage earners
, 85–86

Macro-level economic parameters
, 37–39

Marketable qualifications and skills
, 140–141

Migrants
, 5–6, 51

choice of destination country

in-depth interviews
, 119–126

survey data analysis
, 116–119

individual decisions
, 39

Migrant workers
, 32–33

“Migration policy”
, 134

cross-country differences
, 133

immigration policies
, 131–133

labour market security
, 133

meso- and macro-level perspectives
, 131–133

“push and pull” theory
, 131–133

receiving countries
, 139–145

sending countries
, 135–139

“welfare” magnet hypothesis
, 131–133

Migration-related decisions
, 14, 42, 147

co-determinant
, 39–48

goals achievement
, 48–55

See also Labour migrations

Migration-related factor
, 6–7

Minimum Wage Database
, 84

Minimum wages
, 84, 85, 114

National economies, VoC concept
, 110–111

Native workers and labour protection legislation
, 53–54

“New countries of immigration”
, 1–2

Objective indicators, labour market security

“frictional unemployment”
, 79–80

job security, socio-economic model
, 79–80

period of fluctuation
, 79–80

public expenditures
, 82, 83

in Ukraine
, 80–81

unemployment and unemployed social expenditures
, 79–82

in United Kingdom
, 81

Occupational stratification ladder
, 75

Office for Foreigners
, 54–55

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
, 68–69

databases
, 15–16

Poland

anxiety of losing a job
, 71–72

labour market security in
, 124–125

labour migrants from
, 105–106

low-wage earners
, 85–86, 88–90

migration policy
, 134–135

security of employment
, 71–72

trade unions in
, 93

Ukrainians working in
, 123–124

unemployment in
, 79–80

wages in
, 123–124

work-related anxiety
, 71–72

Polish emigrants
, 3, 9–11, 147–148

Polish immigration regulations
, 13–14

Polish labour market
, 2–3, 96–97, 124–125

Polish labour migrants
, 105–106, 111–112

job security preference
, 116, 116

predictors of
, 117

Polish-language literature
, 11–12

Post-accession migration
, 1–2

Post-Fordism
, 27–28

Precarious employment
, 93–94

“Precarious” employment
, 109–110

“Precarious” migration
, 14–15

“Preference for job security”
, 114–115, 116–119

Professional and spatial mobility
, 28

Professional training and re-training
, 137–138

“Push and pull factors”
, 6–7, 17–19, 26–27, 42, 43–44

Rate of employment
, 8–9

Rate of poverty
, 8–9

Receiving countries, migration policy

entrepreneurs
, 141–142

“grey zone”
, 143–144

immigrants categories
, 140

Labour Inspectorate
, 143–144

labour legislation and social security systems
, 144–145

labour permits
, 143–144

marketable qualifications and skills
, 140–141

social benefits
, 142–143

stability of employment
, 140–141

stable employment contract
, 141–142

visa policies
, 139

Representation security
, 31–32

Residence permits
, 2–3, 125–126

Rights of foreigners
, 13–14

Rights of workers
, 55

Seasonal workers
, 46–47

“Secure job”
, 70–71

Semi-legal jobs
, 13–14

Sending countries, migration policy

change of employment
, 136–137

economic support
, 138–139

emigration of people
, 136–137

free market economic principles
, 135–139

labour legislation
, 136–137

professional training and re-training
, 137–138

state of stability
, 136–137

Short-term contracts
, 108–109

Skill reproduction security
, 31

“Social anchoring”
, 109–110

Social benefits
, 142–143

Social indicators
, 68–69

Social market economy
, 11–12

Spatial mobility
, 41

Stable employment
, 27, 46–47, 136–137, 143–144

contract
, 141–142

State-funded benefits
, 7–8, 95–96

State-funded “bonuses”
, 114

State Statistics Service of Ukraine (SSSU)
, 68–69

Subjective indicators, labour market security

anxiety of losing a job
, 71–72, 73

cultural bias
, 69–70

degree of respondents’ anxiety
, 75–77

employment security
, 74–75

European Working Conditions Survey
, 71–72

high job security
, 77–79

job insecurity
, 71–72

job loss for employed persons
, 71–72

occupational stratification ladder
, 75

worker opinions, cross-country differences
, 77–79

work performance
, 75

work-related anxiety
, 71–72

work-related security
, 70–71

Switchable assets
, 108–109

Threat of unemployment
, 33–34

Trade unions
, 55, 93

position
, 91–93

Ukraine

immigrants
, 47–48

migrants from
, 125

migration policy
, 134–135

Uncertainty and insecurity
, 30–31

Unemployment

insurance
, 55

rates
, 37–39, 91, 95–96

and unemployed social expenditures
, 79–82

United Kingdom

alternative (comparable) employment
, 75

Anglo-Saxon model
, 107–108

employment protection legislation
, 91–93

employment security
, 77–79

liberal market economy
, 105–106

low-wage earners
, 85–86

Polish labour migrants
, 111–112, 115

self-perceived employment security
, 74–75

trade unions in
, 93

unemployment rate
, 79–80

“Varieties of capitalism” (VoC) concept
, 9–11, 105, 106–107

behavior of firms
, 108–109

coordinated market economies (CMEs)
, 107

coordination mechanisms
, 108–109

data and concept of analysis
, 111–116

degree of “ambiguity”
, 110–111

and employment security
, 107–111

employment security, preferences
, 111

institutional features
, 109–110

“institutionally coherent”
, 110–111

job security, preferences
, 111

labour union density
, 109–110

liberal market economies (LMEs)
, 107, 108–109

long-term survival
, 108–109

national economies
, 110–111

“precarious” employment
, 109–110

short-term contracts
, 108–109

“social anchoring”
, 109–110

stock market capitalization
, 108–109

strategic interaction
, 107–108

structural conditions
, 109–110

switchable assets
, 108–109

“via hierarchies and competitive market arrangements”
, 107–108

Visa policies
, 139

Voluntary migration
, 41

Wage levels
, 95–96

Welfare magnet hypothesis
, 14–15, 52

Welfare migration
, 14–15

Welfare systems
, 51–52

Workers

categories
, 14, 34–35

economic well-being of
, 83–87

employability
, 87–88

opinions, cross-country differences
, 77–79

rights and privileges
, 27–28

Work permit
, 17–19

Work-related anxiety
, 71–72

Work-related security
, 35–36, 70–71, 88–90

Work security
, 31

WSI Minimum Wage
, 68–69

Zero-hour contracts
, 29–30, 50–51, 109–110