Predicting the airborne microbial transmission via human breath particles using a gated recurrent units neural network

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to devise a tool based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and machine learning (ML), for the assessment of potential airborne microbial transmission in enclosed spaces. A gated recurrent units neural network (GRU-NN) is presented to learn and predict the behaviour of droplets expelled through breaths via particle tracking data sets.

Design/methodology/approach

A computational methodology is used for investigating how infectious particles that originated in one location are transported by air and spread throughout a room. High-fidelity prediction of indoor airflow is obtained by means of an in-house parallel CFD solver, which uses a one equation Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. Several flow scenarios are considered by varying different ventilation conditions and source locations. The CFD model is used for computing the trajectories of the particles emitted by human breath. The numerical results are used for the ML training.

Findings

In this work, it is shown that the developed ML model, based on the GRU-NN, can accurately predict the airborne particle movement across an indoor environment for different vent operation conditions and source locations. The numerical results in this paper prove that the presented methodology is able to provide accurate predictions of the time evolution of particle distribution at different locations of the enclosed space.

Originality/value

This study paves the way for the development of efficient and reliable tools for predicting virus airborne movement under different ventilation conditions and different human positions within an indoor environment, potentially leading to the new design. A parametric study is carried out to evaluate the impact of system settings on time variation particles emitted by human breath within the space considered.

Citation

Tamaddon Jahromi, H.R., Sazonov, I., Jones, J., Coccarelli, A., Rolland, S., Chakshu, N.K., Thomas, H. and Nithiarasu, P. (2022), "Predicting the airborne microbial transmission via human breath particles using a gated recurrent units neural network", International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, Vol. 32 No. 9, pp. 2964-2981. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-07-2021-0498