Employment protection and gender gap: Evidence from a reform of the Italian labor market regulation system
International Journal of Manpower
ISSN: 0143-7720
Article publication date: 17 September 2019
Issue publication date: 23 March 2020
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of more stringent Employment Protection Legislation on employment outflows and wages of women compared to those of men.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors exploit the Italian labor market reform of 1990 that raised firing costs for firms with less than 15 employees leaving unchanged existing rules for larger firms. The authors setup a natural experiment using this firm size threshold to examine if an increase of severance pay in small relative to large firms has a different impact on labor flows and earnings by gender. Using administrative linked employer–employee data, the authors find a significant reduced flow out of employment of women with respect to men in small relative to large firms after 1990.
Findings
The results also indicate a reduction of the gender wage gap after the reform of about 1.5 percent. These findings are statistically significant for women in fertility age and disappear if we consider older women.
Originality/value
The findings are consistent with the idea that employment protection may help in reducing gender disparities.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank two anonymous referees for useful suggestions and comments. The authors also thank participants at the XXXII Annual Conference of the Italian Association of Labor Economists, September 14–15, 2017 University of Calabria (Italy) for insightful discussions.
Citation
Ordine, P., Rose, G. and Vella, G. (2020), "Employment protection and gender gap: Evidence from a reform of the Italian labor market regulation system", International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 41 No. 1, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2018-0400
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited