Piston ring performance II: measurement of cavitation shapes in different operating conditions and their link to lubricant properties

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to compare cavitation shapes between the simulating test rig and the engines to strengthen the findings that were first observed in the simplified experiments. Different forms of cavitation were identified, and their shape and size (length and width) were dictated from reciprocating speed and viscosity of the lubricant. Cavitation degrades performance in engineering applications and its effect is that it alters the oil film pressure.

Design/methodology/approach

Lubricant formulations were used for parametric study as well as different operating testing parameters in a simulating test rig and single cylinder engines with visualisation windows. An algorithm was used for extracting cavitation data from imaging, and comparison was made.

Findings

Similar phenomena at the simulating test rig and the engine were investigated and compared. The effect of different operating conditions was assessed along with the variations produced from the parametric lubricant study.

Research limitations/implications

Engine results are limited due to manufacturing difficulties of visualisation windows and oil starvation. Firing tests are another difficult challenge as the modified section pressure is under more pressure and the window view is affected by combustion process. Limited pictures can be captured before cleaning is required. A lubricant manufacturer has to provide data regarding the chemistry of the lubricants.

Originality/value

The effect of cavitation in piston ring lubrication along with variable operating and lubricant parameters is further studied with quantification of cavitation results through image processing. These forms of cavities are affected by lubricant properties and operating conditions. A link between viscosity, cavitation, shear thinning properties, oil film thickness (OFT) and friction is given.

Citation

Dellis, P.S. (2022), "Piston ring performance II: measurement of cavitation shapes in different operating conditions and their link to lubricant properties", International Journal of Structural Integrity, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 611-631. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-09-2021-0095