Index
Skill Mismatch in Labor Markets
ISBN: 978-1-78714-378-4, eISBN: 978-1-78714-377-7
ISSN: 0147-9121
Publication date: 11 May 2017
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2017), "Index", Skill Mismatch in Labor Markets (Research in Labor Economics, Vol. 45), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 447-455. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0147-912120170000045019
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Accounting
, 64, 100, 144–146
Administrators
, 142
Admission to universities, reforming activity in
, 181
Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey (ALL)
, 175
Adult skills, survey of
, 49–50
“Advanced vocational education” credentials
, 60
A-levels grades
, 18
Allocation of talent
, 204
Allocation on the labor market
, 306
Allocative efficiency
, 201, 202, 213, 222, 223, 224, 226
American Community Survey (ACS)
, 151
Anthropology & Archeology
, 147
Apparent matching (AM)
, 245, 254, 267
Apparent overeducation (AO)
, 245, 254
Assignment theory
, 86
Average marginal effects (AMEs)
, 364, 369, 375, 383, 388, 403, 406
“Bang-for-the-buck”
, 203, 229
Biology
, 152
Biotechnology industry
, 155
Botany
, 147
Career mobility theory
, 87, 99
CEDEFOP ESJS
, 292, 335
Cedefop European skills and jobs survey (ESJS)
, 84, 87–89, 295, 413
Cognitive decline
, 307
Cognitive skills
, 45, 175, 176, 177
schooling and
, 177
College degree, choice of
, 130
Competences and skills
, 187
Compulsory secondary school
, 180
Concentration curves for three hypothetical majors
, 138
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
, 440
Deconstructing theories of overeducation in Europe
, 81
Cedefop European Skills and Jobs survey (ESJS)
, 87–89
decomposition analysis
, 104–112
endowments differences between matched-overeducated workers
, 104–110
unexplained wage differences between matched and overeducated workers
, 110–112
earnings regressions, estimation of
, 100–104
empirical methodology
, 95–99
key variables and summary statistics
, 89–95
magnitude and robustness of wage penalty estimates
, 84–86
ORU approach
, 85
potential determinants of overeducation
, 86–87
wage decomposition approach
, 81
Destination of Leavers of Higher Education (DLHE)
, 3, 7, 10
Digital Taylorism
, 46
Distinctiveness
, 131, 132–136, 142–147
Doctoral education in Italy
, 247–250
Double selection model
, 4, 14, 21, 25
Earnings
, 173, 176, 181, 186, 188, 190
inequality
, 176, 181
by subject of study and occupation
, 13
Earnings inequality
, 176
Earnings model
IV estimates
, 192
OLS estimates
, 190–191
recursive system estimates
, 194
Economics
, 131, 150
Educational mismatch
, 89, 351, 352
Educational reforms
, 176–177, 179, 188, 189
Educational system, governmental design of
, 280
Education–job mismatch
, 245, 250, 261–262, 272
Education reforms
, 195
Empirical model
, 218–220
Endogeneity of overeducation
, 246, 250, 260
English
, 144, 150
EU New Skills for New Jobs Strategy
, 333
Europe, overeducation in. See Deconstructing theories of overeducation in Europe
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop)
, 84, 280, 300, 308, 311, 417
European skills and jobs survey (ESJS)
, 84, 87–88, 280, 282, 295, 413
Exclusion restriction
, 260
Executives
, 142
Formal education
, 360, 361
F-statistic
, 188, 191
Gender
, 98
Gender differentials
, 184
General Psychology
, 146–147
Genuine matching (GM)
, 245, 246, 267
Genuine overeducation (GO)
, 246, 254
Geographical distribution of skill mismatch
, 300
Graduate and non-graduate occupations in major groups
, 1–4, 73–77
Graduate jobs
, 41, 57
concept of
, 44–46
deployment of labor in
, 63–65
distribution of
, 63
higher education system, role of
, 65–67
indicators of
, 47–49
Graduate job skills
, 43, 45
Graduate labor, demand for
, 46–47
Graduate labor market
, 43, 46, 67, 110
Hannah–Kay index
, 137
Harmonization of occupations across waves of the national survey of college graduates
, 170–171
Heckman selection model
, 3, 14
Herfindahl Index
, 136, 151, 219, 223
Higher educated adult employees, OLS estimates of
, 117
Higher education
, 7, 18, 42, 44, 45, 51, 53, 54, 55, 59, 60, 62, 65–67, 68, 177, 289, 296, 301
Higher Education Requirement Index (HERI)
, 56, 57
Higher Education Statistic Agency (HESA)
, 7, 19
Higher skill mismatch
, 202, 222
History (college major)
, 144, 150
Hourly wage
, 59, 185, 186, 190
Human capital
, 173, 200, 203, 229
returns to
, 174
Human capital investment
and skill development
, 349–351
skill mismatch and
, 351
Human capital theory (HCT)
, 86, 113, 208, 284, 349
Human resource management
, 336, 430
Index of productivity in industry
, 213
Industry-level regression
, 218, 239
Inefficient signaling of skills
, 282–283
Informal learning
, 300, 310, 321, 322, 324, 326, 347, 348, 350, 353, 357, 360, 366, 367, 369, 375, 380–382, 383, 384, 385, 388, 389, 390, 405
Informal learning-on-the-job activities
, 335
Initial skill mismatches
, 281, 367, 380, 388, 389, 390, 428
International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS)
, 175
International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
, 204
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
, 204
ISCO(HE)2008
, 43, 54–58, 60
ISCO framework
, 43
ISCO groups
, 48
Internet
, 155, 417
Inverse Mills ratio
, 24, 268
Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)
, 244, 252, 253, 268
Job autonomy
, 52, 329–333
Job Competition Model
, 86, 87, 98
Job complexity
, 410, 413, 416, 418, 419, 425, 427–429, 430, 431, 432
Job control
, 311, 410
Job-crafting
, 431
Job design and skill development in the workplace
, 409
data and measures
, 417
descriptive statistics
, 441–445
empirical model of workplace learning
, 414
job complexity and skill development, changes in
, 416
learning, attitude to
, 417
workplace changes, workplace dynamism
, 416
estimation and robustness checks
, 418
estimation results
, 418–422
robustness checks
, 422
career and skill development
, 429–431
country and occupation
, 428–429
unobservable characteristics
, 422–428
Job dissatisfaction
, 59, 60
Job–education match
, 246
Job mismatch, research on
, 351
Job-related learning
, 347, 353, 362, 389
Job satisfaction
, 58, 60, 210, 246, 310, 328–329
mismatch and
, 209
overqualified/overskilled workers
, 306
skill mismatch on
, 209
Job/skill matching
, 299
Job–skill mismatch
, 353, 359, 366, 367
Job-skill requirements
, 82, 83, 108
k-medians cluster analysis
, 57
Knowledge-based capital (KBC)-intensive sectors
, 228
Labor market outcomes
, 67
of matched and mismatched graduates
, 58–63
“Lacking qualities”
, 284
Learning by doing
, 285, 321, 326
“Learning by interaction”
, 313, 321, 326
“Learning by yourself”
, 321, 326
Learning motivation
, 372
Learning opportunities
, 411
Legislated compulsory education
, 174
Lifelong learning
, 346, 391
Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML)
, 190
Linear probability model
, 30, 32, 33
Literacy, defined
, 178
Literature on skill mismatch
, 82
Local Average Treatment Effects (LATE) interpretation
, 193
Log hourly wages
, 59
Longitudinal Destination of Leavers of Higher Education (LDLHE)
, 3, 7, 10
Main variables, definition of
, 124–127
Managerial quality
, 226–228
“Match”, defined
, 425
Math, IT, Physics and Engineering (MIPE)
, 4, 7–8, 11
Mathematics
, 144
Medium-educated adult employees, OLS estimates of
, 121
Mid-level managers
, 142
Mills ratio
, 16
Minor group titles in major groups
, 1–4, 78–79
Mismatch, defined
, 218
Mismatch and labor productivity
, 203
baseline results
, 220–223
data description
cross-country differences in mismatch
, 216–218
mismatch data and sample composition
, 215–216
productivity indicators
, 213–215
empirical model
, 218–220
extensions and robustness tests
, 223–228
measuring mismatch
, 204–208
mismatch and productivity
, 208–213
Motivation
, 44, 372
Multivariate analyses
, 314, 360
National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)
, 140, 141, 150–151
Non-graduate jobs
, 50, 52, 57, 60
Non-scientific occupation
, 3, 4
Non-STEM graduates
, 11, 19, 27, 31
Numeracy, defined
, 178
Nursing
, 139, 144
Oaxaca decomposition analysis
, 105, 113
Occupational distinctiveness
, 132, 144, 145
Occupational distinctiveness by college major
, 165–169
Occupational distinctiveness index (OD)
, 131, 134, 135, 147
Occupational distribution, changing, by college major
, 129
data
, 140–142
distinctiveness
, 132–136
variety
, 136–140
increasing occupational variety by major
, 147–151
reason for increase in
, 151–157
variety and distinctiveness in the national survey of college graduates
, 142–147
Occupational mismatch
, 155, 204
Occupational mobility theory
, 86
Occupational variety (OV)
, 131, 137, 139, 147, 160–164
Occupations, choice of
, 130
Oceanography
, 147
OECD countries
, 42
OECD measure of skill mismatch
, 207
OECD Survey of Adult Skills
, 200
OLS model
, 17, 20
OLS regression analyses
, 177, 246
OLS regression estimates
, 215, 219
On-the-job learning
, 350, 375, 410
substitution
, 284–285
and workers’ skill development
, 382–389
On-the-job training
, 87, 209, 281, 285
ORBIS
, 214
Ordered probit coefficients for skill development
, 400–401
Ordinary Least Square
, 14
ORU (Over-, Required-, and Under-education) approach
, 85
Overeducation
, 83, 155, 351
and overskilling, interaction between
, 245, 254
wage effects of
, 250
and wages among PhD holders
, 250–252
Overqualification
, 83, 209
effect of, on productivity
, 210
Overqualified/overskilled workers
, 306, 307
Overskilled workers
, 306, 349, 360, 366, 369, 371, 380, 382, 390
Over-skilling
, 83, 209, 212, 253–254, 268, 281, 287, 300, 351
overeducation and
, 254–255
Permanent skill-shortages
, 2
Personal attitudes
, 417
PhD education and career prospects in Italy
, 247–250
data and methodology
, 252–261
education–job mismatch
, 245, 250
overeducation and wages among PhD holders
, 250–252
R&D personnel
, 245
results
, 261
robustness checks
, 268–271
Physics
, 147
Political science
, 144
Pre-Med
, 144, 152
Primary school teachers
, 179, 193
reforming activity to
, 180
training
, 179
Problem-solving skills
, 49, 350
Productivity
, 47, 200, 306
indicators
, 213–215
in labor market
, 177
mismatch and. See Mismatch and labor productivity
of under-skilled workers
, 281
within-firm
, 201, 203, 211, 218, 220, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competences (PIAAC)
, 43, 175, 176, 177, 178, 195, 215, 216
Pull factor
, 3, 28–32
Pull factors
, 28–32
Pull forces
, 156
Push forces
, 154
Qualification and skill mismatch
, 215, 216, 217, 219, 222, 238, 241
Qualification mismatch
, 83, 204–205, 216, 219, 239
Quota sampling
, 88, 311
R&D-focused education
, 272
R&D personnel
, 245, 248
R&D sector
, 261, 262
Reallocation
, 201, 203, 211, 213, 220, 229
Recursive system estimates
, 194
Reform variables, of education
, 179
Returns to human capital
, 188, 189, 191, 193
Robustness checks
, 31, 268–271, 422
career and skill development
, 429–431
country and occupation
, 428–429
unobservable characteristics
, 422
attitude to learning
, 425–426
initial degree of job complexity
, 427
initial mismatch
, 423–425
interaction terms
, 427–428
tenure
, 425
Robustness tests
, 223–228
Roy’s model
, 24, 27
School leavers’ educational aspirations
, 42
Science graduates
, 2–8, 10–12, 19, 21, 30–32, 35–36
Science major and occupation
push and pull factors by
, 28–29
Scientific occupation
, 3–5, 8, 10–12, 14–15, 21, 23–24, 27, 30–32, 35–36
Scientist
, 1, 4, 36
Segregation curves for three hypothetical majors
, 133–134
Self-assessment method
, 205, 206
Self-assessment techniques
, 287
Self-reported skill use
, 205
Sensitivity analyses
, 58, 314, 320, 333
Signaling theory
, 282
Skill and qualification mismatch, direct relationship between
, 201, 202, 203, 219, 237, 239, 241
Skill Biased Technical Change approach
, 416
Skill-biased technological change (SBTC)
, 46–47, 114
Skill-challenging jobs
, 348, 372
Skill change
, 312–314, 329–330
Skill deficits
, 205, 305
data and methodology
, 311–315
results
, 315
job satisfaction
, 328–329
role of the job autonomy and firm size
, 329–333
skill growth and decline
, 315–321
training and learning activities
, 321–327
theory and hypotheses
, 309–311
Skill development
, 285, 307, 308, 311, 346–350, 353–355, 356, 359, 391, 412–413, 415, 417, 419, 423, 424, 425
career and
, 429
changes in job complexity and
, 416
on-the-job learning complementarity and
, 382–389
ordered probit coefficients for
, 400
work-related learning and
, 364–382
Skill gaps
, 210, 281, 284, 300, 389, 391
Skill matching
, 280–281, 286, 287, 288, 289
Skill proficiency
, 205, 206
Skills shortages in the labor market
, 283–284
Skill surpluses
, 307, 310, 319, 330
Sociology
, 144, 154
STEM graduates
, 4, 7–8, 10, 11–12, 19, 21, 22, 24, 27, 30–32, 35–36, 155
annual earnings by
, 20
linear probability model
, 30, 32–34
Ordinary Least Square estimates
, 14
pull and push factors
, 30–32
Structural Demographic Business Statistics (SDBS)
, 214
Supervisor training
, 326
Survey of Adult Skills (SAS)
, 43, 50, 52, 65
Team-working skills
, 350
Theoretical scientific subjects
, 10
Top-level managers
, 142
Training
, 309, 321, 326–327, 347, 352, 356, 369, 371, 374, 419
different types of
, 378–380
on-the-job training
, 209, 281, 284–285, 350, 352
supervisor training
, 326
Training courses
, 309, 313, 321, 326–327
Training participation
, 356, 366
Transaction cost theory
, 285
t-tests
, 149
Under-qualification
, 202, 223–224, 227, 228
Underqualified workers
, 307
Underskilled workers
, 306, 307, 333, 334, 349, 354, 360, 369, 380, 390
Under-skilling in Europe
, 279
characteristics of workers and firms
, 287
location, education, and socioeconomic characteristics
, 287–291
type and skill needs
, 291
discussion and conclusions
, 300–302
estimation of the likelihood and magnitude of
, 296–300
explanatory variables
, 292–296
inefficient signaling of skills
, 282–283
likelihood of
, 297–299
measuring
, 286–287
on-the-job learning substitution
, 284–285
sample and database
, 285
skills shortages in the labor market
, 283–284
Unemployment rate
, 140, 141, 252, 280, 295
University access to students
, 179, 180
“Use-it-or-lose-it hypothesis”
, 307, 353
Variance inflation factor (VIF)
, 262, 265
Vocational science graduates
, 10
Wage decomposition
, 83, 104–112
Wage equation, OLS estimates of
, 117, 121
Wage gap
, 97, 112, 245, 268
Wage inequality
, 176
Within-firm productivity
, 201, 211, 220, 223, 224, 228, 239
Work-based learning
, 47, 89, 280
Worker’s perspective, skill mismatches from
, 307, 334
Work–life balance
, 84, 99
Workplace learning
, 410, 412, 414
Workplace learning, empirical model of
, 414
job complexity and skill development, changes in
, 416
learning, attitude to
, 417
workplace changes, workplace dynamism
, 416
Work-related learning and skill development in Europe
, 345, 347, 389
control variables
, 361–362
data and sample
, 354–355
dependent variable
, 355–356
estimation method
, 362–363
estimation results
, 364
endogeneity problems
, 371
heterogeneity by skill mismatch status at job entry
, 367–371
informal learning, different types of
, 380–382
measurement error and the timing of self-assessed variables
, 374–375
training, different types of
, 378–380
explanatory variables
, 356–361
human capital investments and skill development
, 349–351
on-the-job learning complementarity and workers’ skill development
, 382–389
skill mismatch and human capital investment
, 351–354
Work tasks and skill indicators
, 50–54
Zone of proximal development
, 307, 309, 310, 321, 326, 334
- Prelims
- To Be or Not to Be a Scientist?
- Cross-National Deployment of “Graduate Jobs”: Analysis Using a New Indicator Based on High Skills Use
- Deconstructing Theories of Overeducation in Europe: A Wage Decomposition Approach
- The Changing Occupational Distribution by College Major
- Skilled or Educated? Educational Reforms, Human Capital, and Earnings
- Labor Market Mismatch and Labor Productivity: Evidence from PIAAC Data
- Much Ado about Nothing? The Wage Penalty of Holding a PhD Degree but Not a PhD Job Position
- Rethinking Under-Skilling in Europe
- Are Skill Deficits always Bad? Toward a Learning Perspective on Skill Mismatches
- Work-Related Learning and Skill Development in Europe: Does Initial Skill Mismatch Matter?
- Job Design and Skill Development in the Workplace
- Index