CO₂ Emissions, Population, Tourism, Oil Consumption, and Corruption: Evidence from ASEAN 5 Developing Countries

Abstract

Environmental degradation is a global concern that results from massive economic activities. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions are one of the environmental degradation indicators. This study investigates the impact of population, oil consumption, international tourist arrival, and corruption on CO₂ emissions in ASEAN’s five developing countries of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnam from 1998 to 2017. This study employed panel Fixed-effect (FE) regression to estimate the panel data generated by British Petroleum and World Bank. The result revealed that the population has a significant positive effect on CO₂ emissions. Furthermore, oil consumption has a significant positive effect on CO₂ emissions. Meanwhile, the effect of tourism and the corruption perception index (CPI) as a proxy of corruption on CO₂ emissions was positive but not significant. Authorities should construct such policies to reduce CO₂ emissions by applying low-carbon technologies, green mass transport, and creating less corrupt behavior.

Citation

Perwithosuci, W., Mafruhah, I., Gravitiani, E. and Sarmidi, T. (2023), "CO₂ Emissions, Population, Tourism, Oil Consumption, and Corruption: Evidence from ASEAN 5 Developing Countries", Barnett, W.A. and Sergi, B.S. (Ed.) Macroeconomic Risk and Growth in the Southeast Asian Countries: Insight from SEA (International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics, Vol. 33B), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 137-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-03862023000033B009