Index
International Migration, COVID-19, and Environmental Sustainability
ISBN: 978-1-80262-536-3, eISBN: 978-1-80262-535-6
ISSN: 1572-8323
Publication date: 14 August 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2023), "Index", Chatterji, M., Luterbacher, U., Fert, V. and Chen, B. (Ed.) International Migration, COVID-19, and Environmental Sustainability (Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development, Vol. 32), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1572-832320230000032011
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Manas Chatterji, Urs Luterbacher, Valérie Fert and Bo Chen
INDEX
Adaptive management
, 91
Adult male out-migration
, 108
Africa Centre for Strategic Studies
, 6
Africa’s demographic pyramid
, 150
African Union (AU)
, 162
Agriculture
, 158
Aila cyclone
, 108
Allocation
, 146
Arab Spring
, 9
Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 94
Asia
, 167
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
, 162
Declaration Against Trafficking in Persons
, 168
Human Rights Declaration
, 168
Plan of Action to Combat Transnational Crime
, 168
Asylum process
, 161
Asylum-seekers
, 8
Atlantic hurricane season, The
, 11
Avian Influenza (H5N1)
, 138
Avian Influenza (H7N9)
, 138
Bargadari systems
, 104
Bernard Notch Institute of Tropical Medicine (BNITM)
, 144
Bird Flu
, 138
BMD
, 103
Bovenkerk’s systematic analysis of return migration
, 33
BRICS countries
, 53, 55
Business environment
, 120
Business environment and increasing importance of work value to create sustainable workplace, changes in
, 120–123
Business operations
, 120
Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 emissions)
, 48–53
data and empirical results
, 55–57
domestic energy consumption in heating and hot water
, 57–59
globalisation, migrations and
, 49–53
modelling relationship between CO2 emissions and energy consumption
, 53–54
policy implications
, 67–68
results
, 65–66
social benefits in energy systems for heating and hot
, 59–65
Caring Protect Application
, 143
Case study villages, profile of respondents of
, 105–108
Catholic University Law
, 157
CBA
, 65
Census data
, 105
Census of India, The
, 100
Charismas Island
, 161
Child abuse
, 163
Chips and Science Act, The
, 26
Circular economy
, 28
Circumstances of return
, 34, 39
Citizens, lessons of COVID-19 pandemic and security of
, 27–29
Civil, war violence
, 22
Climate change
, 4
Climate of uncertainty
, 93
Climate-disaster-led migration scenario in Indian Sundarbans
complex geographical system
, 98–100
data and methodology
, 100
evolution of human-ecosystem interdependencies
, 100–102
increasing vulnerability and disaster-linked triggers of out-migration
, 102–105
migration scenario
, 108–113
population growth and demographic profile of region
, 105
profile of respondents of case study villages
, 105–108
Coastal location
, 102
Coefficients of performance (COP)
, 62
Commercialisation
, 104
Committee of the Government of West Bengal
, 103
Communist Party
, 28
Complex geographical system
, 98–100
Computer-Assisted Telephonic Interviews (CATI)
, 38
Confinement
, 27
Conflict fuelling factors
, 90
Conflicts
, 5–6, 95
management of sustainable development through stimulation of reduction of countries’ inequality perspectives
, 76–79
of sustainable development
, 72
Consumer surplus
, 60–64
Consumers
, 52
Convention on Rights of Child (CRC)
, 158
Coping process in DRR
, 91–92
Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19)
, 24, 32, 35, 72–73, 84, 138–139, 143, 156, 162, 163, 164, 171, 174, 178–179
3P pathways for combatting human trafficking and impact of
, 171–175
cases, deaths in EAC in Indonesia
, 148–150
change of socio-economic characteristics of countries by early 2021 amid COVID-19 pandemic
, 76
crisis
, 33
differences in manifestations of COVID-19 pandemic in developed and developing countries
, 74–76
economic impacts of
, 141
global risk scenario and impact of
, 84–85
importance of
, 147–148
infections
, 140
literature review
, 73
material and methodology
, 73–74
pandemic and risk impact
, 85–86
pandemic and security of citizens, lessons of
, 27–29
perspectives of improving practice of using digital technologies for conflict management of, sustainable development through stimulation of reduction of countries’ inequality
, 76–79
policies adapted to manage and handling spread of
, 145–146
preventive mitigation measures spread of COVID-19 in EAC and Indonesia
, 141–144
results
, 74
return migration
, 35–37
strategies to support and empower communities affected by
, 146–147
Correlation coefficient
, 128
Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA)
, 26
Creative adaptation
, 91
in DRR
, 91–92
Cyberattack
, 26
Cyclonic storms
, 103
Data analysis technique
, 141
Data sources
, 140
Death Assistance
, 41
Democracy
, 29
Demographic profile of region
, 105
Dengue Fever
, 138
Digital Competitiveness Index
, 78
Digital technologies for conflict management of sustainable development
, 76–79
Disaster
, 95
Disaster displacements
, 11
events
, 11
Disaster management system
, 139
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
, 88
COVID-19 pandemic and risk impact
, 85–86
emerging paradox in global DRR
, 92–93
global climate change impact during 1930–2012
, 87–89
global disaster scenario and way forward in DRR Strategy
, 90–91
global reality and challenges 2021
, 89
global risk scenario and impact of COVID-19 pandemic
, 84–85
governance
, 91
hotspots
, 90
more about global pandemic COVID-19
, 86–87
policy makers
, 86
recent heightened military conflict
, 93–94
SFA 2015–2030
, 89
strategy
, 84
summarising reasons for failure of DRR in addressing risks holistic way
, 93
understanding creative adaptation and coping process in DRR
, 91–92
use of technology and knowledge in
, 94–95
Disaster-linked triggers of out-migration, increasing
, 102–105
Displacement in hotspot countries
, 13
Distressed REM (DREM)
, 39
Domestic energy consumption in heating and hot water
, 57–59
Domestic hot water (DHW)
, 57
Domestic violence
, 156
E-commerce
, 144
E-registration on portals
, 36
East Africa Community (EAC)
, 137
COVID-19 cases, deaths less in EAC in Indonesia
, 148–150
economic impacts of COVID-19
, 141
policies adapted to manage and handling spread of COVID-19
, 145–146
preventive mitigation measures spread of COVID-19 in
, 141–144
research method
, 140–141
results
, 141
strategies to support and empower communities affected by COVID-19
, 146–147
vaccine, vaccination process and importance of COVID-19 vaccine
, 147–148
East India Company
, 101
Ebola
, 138
ECA Mobile Laboratory Project
, 144
Ecological degradation and conflict, building resilience to combat vicious cycle of
, 14–15
Ecological hotspots
, 3
Ecological Threat Register (ETR)
, 2–3
building resilience to combat vicious cycle of ecological degradation and conflict
, 14–15
conflict, resilience and ecological threats
, 5–6
ETR hotspots and displacement in hotspot countries
, 13
forced displacement
, 7–10
hosting displacements
, 13
internal displacement
, 10–12
positive peace
, 4
Sub-Saharan Africa and The Sahel
, 6–7
Ecological threats
, 5–6
Economic activity
data and empirical results
, 55–57
domestic energy consumption in heating and hot water
, 57–59
globalisation, migrations and CO2 emissions
, 49–53
modelling relationship between CO2 emissions and energy consumption
, 53–54
policy implications
, 67–68
results
, 65–66
social benefits in energy systems for heating and hot
, 59–65
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
, 157
Economic crises
, 32
Economic globalization
, 23
lessons of COVID-19 pandemic and security of citizens
, 27–29
national security and pandemic
, 23–27
process
, 22
Economic growth rate
, 73, 76
trend of
, 77–78
Economic transformation
, 4
Economic war violence
, 22
Economy
, 86, 93, 108
Ecosystem
, 98
Emergency Events Database
, 89
Emigration
, 32
India’s history of
, 37
scale of
, 34
Emissions (Em)
, 48, 53–54, 57
Empowerment
, 131
Energy consumption
, 55
modelling relationship between CO2 emissions and
, 53–54
Energy supply companies
, 60
Energy systems
, 66
social benefits in energy systems for heating and hot
, 59–65
Environmental movement
, 120
Equivalent variation
, 59
Europe Convention
, 167
European economies
, 51
European Union (EU)
, 162
Eurostat Statistics
, 52
Evacuation process
, 36
Executive Opinion Survey (EOS)
, 84
Family Pension Schemes
, 41
Financial system
, 22
First-order autoregressive process (AR1)
, 55
Fishing
, 107, 158
Floods
, 11
Forced displacement
, 7–10
Forced Labor and Forced Marriage, ILO Report 2017
, 155
GAFAM
, 28
Ganga Delta, The
, 98
Ganga Sagar festival
, 107
Gangetic Delta
, 101
Geothermal energy
, 67
Global climate change impact during 1930–2012
, 87–89
Global Competitiveness Index
, 78
Global disaster scenario and in DRR Strategy
, 90
creative adaptation and local resilience
, 91
equity in delivery of social services and peace building
, 90
reduction of risk related to conflict and peace building at local level
, 91
Global DRR, emerging paradox in
, 92–93
Global economy
, 179
Global Epidemic Response and Mobilisation (GERM)
, 86–87
Global estimates of modern slavery
, 155
Global financial crisis (GFC)
, 32
Global health care
, 156
Global pandemic COVID-19
, 86–87
Global Peace Index (GPI)
, 4
Global Risk Perception Survey (GRPS)
, 84
Global Risk Report 2022’, The
, 84
Globalisation
, 23, 25, 49–53, 94
process
, 49–50
Gold
, 51
Granger causality test
, 57
Greenhouse effect
, 48
Greenhouse gas (GHG)
, 48
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
, 32
Gulf-India Migration Corridor
case study
, 37–42
COVID-19 led return migration
, 35–37
pre-covid gulf-India migration corridor
, 34–35
return migration
, 33–34
Heating
domestic energy consumption in
, 57–59
social benefits in energy systems for
, 59–65
Heightened military conflict, recent
, 93–94
High-performing organisations
, 123
Hosting displacements
, 13
Hot water, domestic energy consumption in
, 57–59
Hotspot countries
, 3
Housing units
, 107
Hubermann’s Miles technique
, 141
Hugli estuary, The
, 98
Human dignity
, 156
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
, 138
Human Rights at International Borders
, 177
Human trafficking
, 155, 161, 175, 179
3P pathways for Combatting and Impact of COVID–19
, 171–175
in Human Beings
, 167
law on
, 165–170
Protocol
, 165, 172
and security in Southern Africa
, 155
Human trapping
, 145
Human-ecosystem interdependencies, evolution of
, 100–102
Hurricane Eta
, 11
Immigration process
, 161
Impulsive policy responses (IOM)
, 32
In situ employment
, 110
Indian emigrants
, 36
Indian Sundarbans
, 98, 103
Indiana International & Comparative Law Review
, 155
Indonesia
, 139
COVID-19 cases, deaths are less in EAC than in Indonesia
, 148–150
economic impacts of COVID-19
, 141
policies adapted to manage and handling spread of COVID-19
, 145–146
preventive mitigation measures spread of COVID-19 in
, 141–144
research method
, 140–141
results
, 141
strategies to support and empower communities affected by COVID-19
, 146–147
vaccine, vaccination process and importance of COVID-19 vaccine
, 147–148
Industrial Revolution
, 51
Industry 4. 0
, 120
Inequality of countries
, 72–73, 77
Infectious diseases
, 138
Information technologies
, 51
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
, 49
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty)
, 23
Internal displacement
, 10–12
Internally controlled professionals
, 129
Internally displaced people (IDPs)
, 8
International agencies
, 15
International blockade
, 25
International economic organisations (IOs)
, 23
International Energy Agency
, 49, 54
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
, 25
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
, 156
International Labor Organization
, 171
International labour standards
, 159
International law
, 25, 165
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
, 24, 73
International organisations
, 22, 24
International solidarity
, 27
International trade
, 24
International trafficking in minors
, 169
International Union for Conservation of Nature
, 49
Kerala, return migration to
, 37–42
Kerala NRKs’ Welfare Board’s Welfare Schemes
, 41
Knowledge in DRR, use of
, 94–95
Life-sustaining social services
, 90
Local resilience
, 91
Local resources
, 68
Lockdowns
, 32
Loco inventory scoring sheet
, 126
Locus of Control (LOC)
, 122
on organisational behaviour
, 123–124
relationship between work values and
, 124–131
Mad Cow disease
, 138
Mahatma Gandhi Pravasi Suraksha Yojana
, 41
Management education
changes in business environment and increasing importance of work value to create sustainable workplace
, 120–123
relationship between work values and LOC
, 124–131
work value, LOC on organisational behaviour
, 123–124
Mangrove ecosystem
, 105
Market equilibrium equation
, 65
Marriage
, 40
Marshallian demand curve
, 60
Masks
, 178
Mauna Loa Observatory
, 48
Medical Aid
, 41
Mental health
, 156
Mephistophelean disaster
, 132
Merriam-Webster dictionary
, 119
Michigan Journal of International Law
, 157
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
, 138
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
, 138
Middle Eastern economies
, 51
Migrant workers
, 32
Migrations
, 49–53, 104
governance
, 35
phenomenon
, 33
practices
, 15
scenario
, 108–113
Military war violence
, 22
Mining
, 158
Ministry of Civil Aviation
, 36
Ministry of External Affairs (MEA)
, 32, 35–36
Mitigation measures spread of COVID-19 in EAC and Indonesia, preventive
, 141–144
Mobile money
, 144
MS Excel
, 125
Multinational companies (MNCs)
, 22, 29, 51
Multiple insurgencies
, 14
National security
, 28
and pandemic
, 23–27
National societal systems
, 13
Natural disasters
, 12
conflict and
, 10–12
Natural scarcity
, 25
Net consumer surplus
, 60
Net present value (NPV)
, 59
Net producer surplus
, 65
New Normal
, 86
Niskam principle
, 132–133
Non-competitive goods
, 51
Non-Resident Keralites (NRKs)
, 38, 41
NORKA’s Department Projects for Return Emigrants (NDPREM)
, 41
Normal REM (NREM)
, 39
Nutritional status
, 147
Office of Dispute Resolution (ORD)
, 26
One-size-fits-all technological solutions
, 36
Ordinary least squares method (OLSQ method)
, 55
Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)
, 7
Organisational behaviour, work value, LOC on
, 123–124
Organisational commitment
, 121
Organised scarcity
, 25
Organization of American States (OAS)
, 162, 169
Overseas Development Institute (ODI)
, 95
Palermo Convention
, 156
Palermo Protocol
, 157, 166, 159, 167, 170, 173, 175, 176, 179, 181, 182
Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate
, 8
Pandemic
, 23–27
Paradox in global DRR, emerging
, 92–93
Paris Climate Conference
, 85
Participatory process
, 92
PBL Environmental Assessment Agency
, 48
Peace
, 22
Peace building, equity in delivery of
, 90
Pension Schemes
, 41
Permanent Settlement Act (1793)
, 102
Personal contingencies
, 40
Personal equipment protection (PPE)
, 146
Policy
, 33
landscapes
, 158
management process
, 145
policy-making process
, 145
recommendations
, 41, 179–182
trends and policy difficulties
, 175–179
Population dynamics
, 108
Population growth of region
, 105
Pornography
, 157
Portuguese
, 101
Positive Peace
, 2, 4, 6–7
Positive Peace Index (PPI)
, 4
Pre-Covid gulf-India migration corridor
, 34–35
Preventative measures
, 151
Producer surplus (PS)
, 65
Professional criminals
, 119
Prosecution
, 174
Protocol
, 167
Public interest capacity
, 164
Re-emigrate (RREM)
, 39
Reclamation of Sundarbans
, 103
Reclamation process
, 102
Refugees
, 8
Regression analysis
, 72, 74, 77–78
Relative Mean Sea Level (RMSL)
, 104
Renewable energy
, 52
Reposition strategies
, 93
Resilience
, 4–6
building
, 14
building resilience to combat vicious cycle of ecological degradation and conflict
, 14–15
measure of
, 4
Resilience Innovation Knowledge Academy (RIKA)
, 84
Respondents of case study villages, profile of
, 105–108
Return emigrants (REMs)
, 35, 39
Return migration
, 33–34
to Kerala
, 37–42
Risk related to conflict and peace building at local level, reduction of
, 91
Risks holistic way, summarising reasons for failure of DRR in addressing
, 93
Rokeach Value Survey (RVS)
, 122
Sagar Block
, 100
Sagar Island
, 101, 104
Sahel, The
, 6–7
Sahel Alliance
, 7
Salinisation
, 109
Scarcity
, 25
Seafaring
, 158
Security
, 90, 121, 124
of livelihoods
, 111
Self-centric process
, 133
Self-empowerment
, 129
Semi-structured interview method
, 131
Sendai Framework Action 2015–2030 (SFA 2015–2030)
, 89
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
, 138
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
, 138
Sexual abuse
, 156
Sexual exploitation
, 156
Slavery
, 163
Slavery Convention
, 157
Social benefits (SB)
, 59–60, 62
consumer surplus
, 60–64
in energy systems for heating and hot
, 59
PS
, 65
Social costs (SC)
, 59
Social distancing
, 32
Social media
, 155
platforms
, 180
Social services, equity in delivery of
, 90
Social surplus
, (see Social benefit)
Societal resilience
, 14–15
Societal system
, 2
Socio-economic conflicts
, 73
Socio-economic system
, 2
Socioeconomic roots
, 155
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation’s Convention (SAARC)
, 157
Soviet Union
, 22
Space
, 23
Space Control doctrines
, 23
Space Dominance doctrines
, 23
Spices
, 51
Stabilisation
, 146
State Department
, 170
Storms
, 11
Sub-Saharan Africa
, 6–7
Substance abuse
, 156
Sugar
, 51
Sundarbans
, 98, 100, 103
Sustainability
, 120
Sustainable business practices
, 132
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
, 72
Sustainable development through stimulation of reduction of countries’ inequality, perspectives of improving practice of using digital technologies for conflict management of
, 76–79
Sustainable workplace, changes in business environment and increasing importance of work value to create
, 120–123
SWADES scheme
, 41
Swine Flu/H1N1 Flu virus
, 138
System-based mapping
, 95
Technological Revolution
, 51
Technology
, 7
use of technology in DRR
, 94–95
Temperature multiplied by population (TPO)
, 57
Terminal values
, 122
Terrorism
, 159
Test kits
, 178
Textiles
, 51
Theory of Conflicts
, 73
Thermal springs
, 49, 58
Tidal surges
, 104
Torture
, 163
Total final energy consumption
, 54
Tourism
, 158
Trafficking and violence protection Act (2000)
, 169
Trafficking of Human Persons
, 156
Transnational-return-nexus process
, 33
Travel bans
, 32
Trickle-down effect
, 22
Trickle-down theory
, 23
Trustworthy management policy
, 132
Tuberculosis (TB)
, 138
UK Hadley Centre
, 49
UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme
, 49
UN Charter
, 26
UN Chief Antonio Duterres in an Associated Press
, 84
United Nations Brundtland Commission
, 120
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
, 165
United Nations High Commission on Human Rights
, 162
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
, 3, 162
United Nations Human Rights Special Procedures
, 156
United Nations Office
, 175
United Nations office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
, 155
United Nations Protocol
, 156
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA)
, 8
United Nations Trafficking Protocol 2000
, 156
United States
, 23, 53, 173
US Energy Information Administration
, 60
Vaccination process
, 147–148, 178
Vaccine
, 147–148
Vande Bharat Mission
, 36
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)
, 138
Vulnerability of out-migration, increasing
, 102–105
Washington consensus
, 24
Water risk
, 2
Waves of globalization
, 50
Weather-related disasters
, 88
Weather-related events
, 11
Wheat
, 51
White House
, 28
Work values
, 121–124
orientation
, 123
relationship between LOC and
, 124–131
World Bank, The
, 24, 86
World Development Report (WDR)
, 90
World Economic Forum (2021)
, 74
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 156, 182
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
, 24
World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)
, 49, 87
World Trade Organization (WTO)
, 22
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Migration in Relation to Ecological Degradation and Threats Based on IEP's Ecological Threat Report
- Chapter 2: The COVID-19 Pandemic Highlights International Insecurity and the Violence of Economic Globalisation
- Chapter 3: COVID-19 Led Return Migration from the Gulf-India Migration Corridor
- Chapter 4: Economic Activity and CO2 Emissions: Social Benefits of Renewable Energy Consumption by Households
- Chapter 5: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Inequality In Countries: A New Conflict of Sustainable Development and the Prospect for Conflict Management
- Chapter 6: Repositioning DRR Strategy in the ‘New Normal’ of Global Uncertainty Caused by Climate Change and COVID-19 Pandemic
- Chapter 7: Assessing the Climate-Disaster-Led Migration Scenario in the Indian Sundarbans
- Chapter 8: Life Skills or Life Values? Is Management Education Messing It Up Between Skills and Values?
- Chapter 9: The Management and Mitigation of COVID-19 with Special Reference of East Africa Community (EAC) and Indonesia
- Chapter 10: Mapping The Trends: Human Trafficking, COVID-19 Pandemic and International Law
- Index