Prelims

Half Title Page

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, COVID-19, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Series Page

CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONFLICT MANAGEMENT, PEACE ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT

Series Editor: Manas Chatterji

Books in the Series

• Military Missions and Their Implications Reconsidered: The Aftermath of September 11th, edited by G. Caforio and G. Kummel

• Managing Conflict in Economic Convergence of Regions in Greater Europe, edited by F. Carluer

• Cultural Differences Between the Military and Parent Society in Democratic Countries, edited by G. Caforio

• Conflict and Peace in South Asia, edited by M. Chatterji and B. M. Jain

• War, Peace, and Security, edited by J. Fontanel and M. Chatterji

• Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution, edited by G. Caforio, G. Kummel and B. Purkayastha

• Regional Development and Conflict Management: A Case for Brazil, edited by R. Bar-El

• Crisis, Complexity and Conflict, edited by I. J. Azis

• Putting Teeth in the Tiger: Improving the Effectiveness of Arms Embargoes, edited by M. Brzoska and G. A. Lopez

• Peace Science: Theory and Cases, edited by P. Gangopadhyay and M. Chatterji

• Advances in Military Sociology: Essays in Honor of Charles C. Moskos (Two Volume Set), edited by G. Caforio

• Arms and Conflict in the Middle East, edited by R. A. Attar

• Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, edited by B. E. Goldsmith and J. Brauer

• Conflict, Complexity and Mathematical Social Science, edited by G. Burt

• Frontiers of Peace Economics and Peace Science, edited by M. Chatterji, C. Bo and R. Misra

• Ethnic Conflict, Civil War and Cost of Conflict, edited by R. Caruso

• Governance, Development and Conflict, edited by M. Chatterji, D. Gopal and S. Singh

• New Wars, New Militaries, New Soldiers? Conflicts, the Armed Forces and the Soldierly Subject, edited by G. Kummel and J. Soeters

• Cooperation for a Peaceful and Sustainable World, Part 1, edited by C. Bo, M. Chatterji and H. Chaoyan

• Cooperation for a Peaceful and Sustainable World, Part 2, edited by L. Junsheng, C. Bo and H. Na

• Nuclear Disarmament: Regional Perspectives on Progress, edited by P. M. Kamath

• Understanding Terrorism: A Socio-economic Perspective, edited by R Caruso, A. Locatelli

• The Evolving Boundaries of Defence: An Assessment of Recent Shifts in Defence Activities, edited by R. Bellais

• Business, Ethics and Peace, edited by L. Bouckaert and M. Chatterji

• Emotions, Decision-Making, Conflict and Cooperation, edited by U. Luterbacher

• Integral Ecology and Sustainable Business, edited by O. Jakobsen and L. Zsolna

• Disarmament, Peace and Development, edited by R. Braun, C. Archer, I. Breines, M. Chatterji and A. Skiljan

• How Do Leaders Make Decisions? Evidence from the East and West, Part A, edited by A. Mintz and D. Adamsky

• How Do Leaders Make Decisions? Evidence from the East and West, Part B, edited by A. Mintz and D. Adamsky

• New Frontiers in Conflict Management and Peace Economics: With a Focus on Human Security, edited by M. Chatterji and P. Gangopadhyay

• Technology, Society, and Conflict, edited by E. G. Popkova and M. Chatterji

• Globalisation and COVID-19 edited by Manas Chatterji, Urs Luterbacher, Valérie Fert and Bo Chen

Title Page

Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development - Volume 32

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, COVID-19, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

EDITED BY

MANAS CHATTERJI

Binghamton University, USA

URS LUTERBACHER

Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Switzerland

VALÉRIE FERT

GMAP-Artificial Intelligence System Mileva, Switzerland

AND

BO CHEN

Central University of Finance and Economics, China

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2023

Editorial matter and selection © 2023 Manas Chatterji, Urs Luterbacher, Valérie Fert, and Bo Chen.

Individual chapters © 2023 The authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80262-536-3 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80262-535-6 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80262-537-0 (Epub)

ISSN: 1572-8323 (Series)

Contents

About the Editors

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Manas Chatterji (Binghamton University, USA, and Guest Professor, Peking University) is a Professor of Management and Adjunct Professor in Economics and the Asian and Asian-American Studies Program at Binghamton University, State University of New York, Guest Professor, Peking University, Visiting Professor, Central University of Finance and Economics, and Distinguished Professor in Poznan University, Poland. He also served as a Richard P. Nathan Fellow in Public Policy at Rockefeller Institute of Government, SUNY. He is a Distinguished Fellow in the Program in Political Psychology and Decision Making (POP-DM) at Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, Israel. He was also an Honorary Distinguished Professor at Indian Institute of Management – Calcutta, India and George Mason University, US. He is an elected member of Polish Academy of Science – Committee on Regional Planning. He is currently a fellow of the international organisation Economists for Peace and Security. He previously taught at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and has held visiting appointments at Cornell University, Erasmus University, University of Karlsruhe, University of Munster and many other universities in the United States, Europe, Asia and South Africa. He established the Mahatma Gandhi International Research Centre on Conflict Prevention and Management in Bangalore, India.

He organised several events in the past. He has organised international meetings on Peace Science, Disaster Management, Health Care, Technology Management, Disaster Management, etc. in many countries including Japan, China, and Russia. During his career, he has edited three journals and serves on editorial boards of many others. Presently, he is the co-editor of International Studies of Peace Economics and Peace Science published by Cambridge Scholars, UK. He is also the General Editor of a book series on Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development published by Emerald Publishing Company, UK. Twenty-seven volumes in this series have been published and two more are forthcoming. He has authored/edited more than 30 books and published about 80 scholarly articles in the areas of Peace Science, Military Spending, Disarmament, Economic Conversion, Conflict Management, Regional Science, Technology Management, Health Care Management, Energy, Environmental and Urban Management. He got his B.A. (with honours in Statistics) at Calcutta University, M.A. (Statistics) at Calcutta University, and Ph.D. at Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.

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Urs Luterbacher is Honorary Professor of Political Science and International Relations, Graduate Institute for Higher International and Development Studies (IHEID, Geneva), where he taught from 1973 to 2011. He was also Visiting Professor at the University of Nebraska (1984) and at the Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences of the University of Michigan (1990–1991). He has done work on problems of international conflict and cooperation and international environmental problems, using formal models and game theory. He is a member of ProClim the Forum for Climate and Global Change of the Swiss Academy of Sciences and of the Consultative Organ on Climate Change, a committee set up by the Swiss Academy of Sciences to advise the Swiss government on climate change. He is also founding-member of GMAP, a Swiss independent think-tank devoted to the analysis and future-oriented studies of the twenty-first century major transformations. He currently contributes to the Artificial Intelligence System Mileva by implementing statistical methods of verification and various theoretical approaches. For instance, he entered the types 1 and 2 errors into the system, which allow to refine the probability of the forecasts. He has authored many books and journals, including Dynamic models of international conflict’ (ed.) with Michael D. Ward (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1985); Cooperative models in international relations research (ed.) with Michael D. Intriligator (Kluwer, 1994); International relations and global climate change with Detlef Sprinz (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); Emotions, decision-making, conflict and cooperation (Bingley: Emerald Press, 2017); Global climate policy: Actors, concepts, and enduring challenges with Detlef Sprinz (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018); and ‘Predicting crises and monitoring their evolution’ with Thierry Lorho and Valérie Fert, International Journal of Peace Economics, 1(1), 1–40 (2016).

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Valérie Fert is the President of GMAP, a Swiss independent think-tank devoted to the analysis and future-oriented studies of the twenty-first century major transformations, co-designer and principal data analyst of the artificial intelligence system Mileva, an advanced tool with a unique quantum approach. She is a graduate in history of the French Ecole Normale Supérieure. She focusses on the analysis and forecast of complex geopolitical, economic and societal issues and conducts research on complexity, epistemes and patterns of long-term major geo-historical transformations. On the basis of the AI system Mileva, she has led future-oriented studies for NASA, the department of cyber international relations of the MIT, the Sanctions Committee to the UN Security Council, Aga Khan Development Network and numerous NGOs and International NGOs. Also, on the basis of the AI Mileva, she has contributed to the development of a rating system in the field of CSR, totally transparent, interactive, forward-looking and contextualised, thus transforming the rating into a real steering and decision-making tool. This rating system is used by the 215 universities, members of the International Federation of Catholic Universities. Similarly, she is currently contributing to the establishment of an early warning platform for epidemic risks and their potential impacts. She is the coauthor, among others, of ‘COVID-19: Towards a World Risk Society’ (under the direction of François Mabille – L’Harmattan 2021), ‘Predicting Crises and Monitoring their Evolution’ (with Thierry Lorho and Urs Luterbacher – International Journal of Peace Economics and Peace Science 2016), ‘Enjeux géopolitiques de l’environnement: énergies, marches, conflits’ (with François Mabille, ed. Du Cygne – 2013).

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Bo Chen is the Dean of the Institute of Defence Economics and Management, Central University of Finance and Economics (Beijing), he served as a Visiting Scholar at the Department of Economics and Department of Politics, University of California at Los Angeles (2008) and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (2009). His research interests include defence economics, economy and national security, strategy and conflict economics, war and finance, international political economics, defence industry, and defence budget and military spending. He is the editor of Cooperation for a Peaceful and Sustainable World (Emerald Group Publishing, 2012) and Frontiers of Peace Economics and Peace Science (Emerald Group Publishing, 2011). He is the author of 8 books, including National Defence Economics Thought (Economic Science Press, 2013), The Frontiers of National Defence Economics (Economic Science Press, 2010) etc., and his articles have appeared in such journals as Defence and Peace Economics, China Military Science, etc. He is also the Co-Chair of the International Conference on Conflict Management, Peace Economics & Peace Science. He holds a Ph.D. in Defence Economics from the National Defence University, a M.S. in Applied Economics from Wuhan University and a B.S. in Biology from Northwest University.

About the Contributors

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Touria Abdelkader-Benmesaud-Conde is an Industrial Engineer at the Spanish National University for Distance Learning (UNED). Her career final project related to the use of renewable energy and climatisation received the highest rating and subsequently awarded by the Official Association of Industrial Engineers of Madrid in 2010. She is a Tutor Professor of UNED, in different matters related to Engineering and Economics. She has held courses and seminars to specialise in Management & Public Sector in 2007 and Government Restructuring: Government and Markets at Harvard University in 2008, International Conference on Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Peace Science, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Delhi, among others. She is the author of several articles and books in the field of conflicts and energy. She is a Member of the Regional Science Association International (RSAI).

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Sumana Bandyopadhyay is a Professor of Geography and Head of the Department of Geography at the University of Calcutta; her area of interest is Human Geography, with a special focus on Urban Geography. She holds a Post Graduate from Jawaharlal Nehru University and a PhD from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. Her current research areas are in the issues of inclusive planning in cities and ecologically sensitive regions around them. She has worked in the UGC Project on Urbanisation in the Ganga Delta Region. She has done collaborative work with the University of Waterloo, the University of Nottingham and the World Bank.

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Fernando Barreiro-Pereira holds a Ph.D. in Economics and Business Administration and MPhil-MA (Econometrics and Economic Theory) from the Complutense University of Madrid. He is currently a Professor of Macroeconomics and Spatial Economics, and Member of the Dean’s Advisory Committee in the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration of the Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED University) in Madrid, Spain. His doctoral dissertation won two special awards: the Extraordinary Doctorate Award (2004) and the first award in Regional Science for the Community of Madrid in 2005. He has completed specialisation courses in Spatial Econometrics at Cornell University (1999), in Public Economy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (2000) and Harvard University (Real Complutensis College) in 2007 and 2008, Transportation Economics at MIT (2000 and 2008) and some appointments on Conflict Management and Peace Economics at the Indira Gandhi University of Delhi and in the Central University of Finance and Economics of Beijing in 2010. He has participated in 11 research projects, is co-author of 10 books on Economic Theory, has more than 60 presentations at international conferences and has published more than 35 research articles on economics, transportation and conflict management. He is currently a member of the Regional Science International and the Eastern Economic Associations.

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Soma Bose Biswas, academically qualified PhD (Human Resource Management)/MBA, have contributed over 18 years in teaching management subjects to MBA level students with prestigious management institutes of Kolkata. She has published/presented several research papers in renowned journals/seminars. She has research interests in human resource management, employer branding and employee engagement.

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Madhumita Chatterji is the Director of ABBS School of Management. She completed her PhD from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, programme in History, Politics and Society from the University of Oxford, UK and programme on Participant Based Learning at Harvard Business School, USA. Her books include: The Ksatriyas in Ancient India, Corporate Social Responsibility, Ethical Leadership – Indian and European Spiritual Approaches and New Frontiers in Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Peace Science. She is the Executive Director of the Mahatma Gandhi International Research Centre for Conflict Prevention and Management, a Member of the Advisory Board of European SPES Institute and a Founding Board member of South Asian Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes (SAADRI).

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Bénédicte Corvaisier-Drouart is a Graduate of ESSCA Angers, is General Director of CROUS Grenoble (Centre Régional des Œuvres Universitaires et Scolaires) after having been the General Director of Services of COMUE (Communauté d’universités et établissements) and of the Institut d’Etudes Politiques Grenoble. She has published scientific articles on international security and non-governmental organisations issues.

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Niladri Dutta, MBA (HR) (2012), is presently associated with West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation Limited as Officer-on-Special Duty in the Loan & Investment Department and in Corporate Communications Department. Also engaged with additional charge in the World Bank funded NCRMP-II project as Procurement Specialist in the Department of Disaster Management & Civil Defence, Govt. of West Bengal.

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Cosmas Emeziem, JSD, holds a Master of Laws (LL.M.) and a Doctor of the Science of Law (J.S.D.) from Cornell University Law School. He is also an alumnus of the Hague Academy of International Law – the Hague Netherlands. He was awarded the Rudolf B. Schlesinger Fellowship for International and Comparative Law at Cornell Law School in 2014-2015. Before Cornell University, he obtained a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree from the University of Nigeria. He is admitted to practice law in Nigeria as a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria. His Doctoral research explored Truth and Reconciliation Commissions as mechanisms for reckoning, accountability, healing, reconciliation, memory making and remediation of vast human rights violations in post-conflict and other rapidly changing societies. His current research and writing sits at the intersection of international law, comparative law, conflict of laws and international institutions’ law.

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Jacques Fontanel is a Professor at ILERI at Paris (Institut Libre des Etudes de Relations Internationales de Paris), former Professor and vice-President at the University of Grenoble. He has published numerous articles on the economics of international security, peace and state action. He has been a consultant to international organisations, notably for UN0 and UNIDIR.

He holds a Doctorate in Economics from the University of Paris X Nanterre and the University of Social Sciences of Grenoble. He holds an Honorary Doctorate from the St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance.

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Steve Killelea is a global philanthropist focussed on peace and sustainable development, with a long, successful career in high technology and international business development. More than 20 years ago, he established The Charitable Foundation, now one of the largest private overseas aid organisations based in Australia, providing life-changing programs to some of the poorest communities in the world, including emergency and famine relief, environment rehabilitation, and rehabilitating former child soldiers. His deep commitment to peace has earned him two Nobel Peace Prize nominations. He is the founder of the independent think tank the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) and the Global Peace Index (GPI), the world’s leading measure of global peacefulness. IEP is a highly impactful non-profit and non-partisan research institute known for innovative analysis on the relationship between business, peace and economic development, used by many international organisations including the United Nations and the World Bank. He serves on the President’s Circle for Club de Madrid, the largest forum of former world leaders working to strengthen democracy. He is also trustee and treasurer for Religion for Peace, the world’s largest organisation working on inter-religious challenges. As an entrepreneur in the high technology industry, he founded and built one of Australia’s leading publicly listed IT companies. Integrated Research has a 30-year heritage providing its PROGNOSIS performance monitoring software for business-critical computing and IP telephony environments. Through his direction as CEO and then chairperson, IR has an impressive world-class customer base, and its software is used by many of the world’s top organisations in more than 50 countries.

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Chinmoyee Mallik, PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Rural Studies, West Bengal State University. She is a geographer by training. Her research interests span the political economy of rural livelihood transformation, land policy, rural development, agricultural geography, peri-urbanization and disaster studies. She has recently completed a project funded by Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR) entitled ‘Hazard Vulnerability and the Political Economy of Livelihood Transformation: Insights from the Indian Sundarban’.

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Moses Isdory Mgunda is with the Department of Economics and Development Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business, Diponegoro University, JL. Prof Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, Kode Pos 50275. He holds a Master degree of Economics, obtained from Diponegoro University, Semarang Indonesia. He holds a Bachelor Degree in Regional Development Planning, obtained from the Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP), Dodoma-Tanzania. He also has experience in social science research and data analysis. He has been involved in data analysis for both natural and social sciences. He has published some social sciences papers. Previously, he had an opportunity to work with different organisations, namely Association of International Business and Professional Management (AIBPM) Indonesia, Diponegoro University (Undip) Indonesia, Negeri Semarang University (UNNES) Indonesia, Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP) – Dodoma Tanzania, Songea District Council (SDC) and Ikungi District Council (IDC) – Tanzania, he worked as an Assistant Researcher, Consultant and Planning Officer.

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Bijay Anand Misra is Professor Emeritus, School of Planning & Architecture (University), New Delhi for 30 years, retired as Head of Urban Planning and since 1998 is professor emeritus visiting faculty. Academic – M.Tech & Ph.D. education in India, MIT (USA) and the UN. Professional experience, over 45 years. He is a consultant on Integrated Development, Urban Management and Disaster Risk Management. His most recent assignment is Principal International Adviser, World Bank on Urban Development, Govt. of Nepal, July 2015 to Feb. 2016. Internationally he has worked as an adviser and consultant to UNDP, UNCHS, UNDESA and the World Bank. He has been visiting full-time professor to Kyoto University, Japan (2007–2008), International Research Center (Nichibunken) for Japanese Studies, Kyoto, Japan (1989–1990). He worked as a short-time invited lecturer to Beijing Normal University, Beijing (2014) and Nagoya Institute of Technology (2014), Japan. He worked as a Senior Adviser and Coordinator on the international Consortium on GCOE Asian Megacities Human Security Engineering project on disaster risk mitigation, Mumbai (2009–2013) supported by the Government of Japan. In India, he has worked as team leader in several national projects on urban management, smart cities and disaster risk governance for MOUD. Govt. of India, Delhi Development Authority, Municipal governments and for private sector corporate companies, namely, Mott Macdonald PVT. LTD., Louis Berger Group, Integrate Development Division and Lee Associates (South Asia).

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Balasubramanyam Pattath got his PhD in Development Economics, The Graduate Institute, Geneva 2020. He completed Ph.D Coursework in Fellow Programme in Management, Indian School of Business between 2018–2020. He completed his M.A. in Development Studies, The Graduate Institute, Geneva between 2016–2018. He obtained his B.A (Hons.) in Economics from University of Delhi between 2013–2016. He is a Research Fellow, International Institute of Migration and Development 2020. He holds a runner-up position, Best master thesis award, Global Migration Centre, The Graduate Institute 2018.

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Elena G. Popkova, Doctor of Economics, the Founder and President of the Institute of Scientific Communications (Volgograd, Russia), Professor of the Department of Economics, Chair of International Economic Relations at Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia. She is the author of more than 150 publications in Scopus (h-index: 31); editor of more than 50 books and a large number of special issues of international peer-reviewed scientific journals. She is also a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies and the International Journal for Quality Research. She is the proud recipient of highly commended paper award for the journal, On the Horizon for 2020 (Emerald). Professor Popkova is also an honoured worker of science and high technologies of the Russian Federation; honoured professor of Osh State University (Osh, Kyrgyzstan). She is among Scopus top 2% of most-cited scholars of the world in 2019–2021.

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S. Irudaya Rajan is Chair of the International Institute for Migration and Development, India and also chair of the KNOMAD (The Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development) World Bank working group on internal migration and urbanization. Prior to this, he was Professor at the Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Kerala (close to 40 years of research experience). He has coordinated seven major migration surveys in – Kerala since 1998 (with Professor K. C. Zachariah), Goa migration survey 2008 and Tamil Nadu migration survey 2015. He played an instrumental role in conducting the Punjab migration survey 2009 and also the Gujarat Migration Survey 2011. He has published extensively in national journals on social, economic and demographic implications of international migration. Recognising migration related research done at the CDS, the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs established a research unit on international migration (RUIM) during 2006–2016 where he acted as Chair Professor. He has undertaken projects on international migration with the European Union, International Labour Organisation, International Development Research Centre, Canadian Institute of Health Research, World Bank, International Organisation of Migration, South Asian Network of Economic Institutes (SANEI), Rockefeller Foundation, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisations (UNESCO) among others. He currently has projects with India Centre for Migration, UAE Exchange (Abu Dhabi) and Columbia University, USA. Dr Rajan has worked closely with the Ministry of External Affairs (earlier Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs and Department of Non-Resident Keralite Affairs, Government of Kerala. He is the editor of the Annual Series India migration report and also Editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Migration and Development brought out by Sage.

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Utpal Roy is an Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Calcutta and completed his Post Graduate studies and Ph.D. at Vidyasagar University. His specialisation areas are Population, Migration and Welfare Geography, Geography of Health and Urban Geography. He is equally skilled in Remote Sensing GIS and Statistical Methods. He has undertaken numerous projects with University of Waterloo, University of Nottingham, including the one presented here on Migration Issues of Sunderbans under the aegis of World Bank.

Foreword

Demographic transformations occur in different countries globally in the context of migration from these countries and their acceptance by people in the receiving countries. Famine, poor healthcare, ethnic conflicts and lack of economic benefits in many of the developing countries drive people to migration. Ecological degradation, insecurity, inequality and plutocracy also force populations to migrate. Many social ills, like human trafficking and unethical behaviors that emerge out of emigration and acceptance of people in the receiving countries, are fraught with various problems. The same phenomena are present in internal migrants and returning migrants, and they often face tremendous challenges, including assimilation both in the receiving and returning societies. In addition, management education in all countries is more geared to maximise pragmatic returns rather than social values and ethics.

Some of the characteristics are put together in papers on the role of artificial intelligence, data mining and data analysis. This volume refers to the people and their hopes, aspirations and interaction with other parts of the world leading to conflict situations between cultures and human values. Disasters, economic degradation and socio-economic deterioration in developing countries have been accentuated by the new phenomenon of COVID-19. This volume is also dedicated to millions of people who have perished or been affected by the pandemic globally, including my beloved sisters.

Manas Chatterji

Professor, State University of New York at Binghamton, and Guest Professor, Peking University

Acknowledgements

This volume consists of some selected papers presented at the International Conference on ‘Globalisation, COVID-19, and International Migration’, 16-18 March 2021, held at the Geneva Graduate Institute. I want to express my sincere gratitude to Prof Marie-Laure Salles-Djelic, Director of the Geneva Graduate Institute, and Ms Christina Orisich, Deputy Director and Head of Executive Education, Geneva Centre for Security Policy.

I am extremely grateful to my co-editors Prof Urs Luterbacher as the co-initiator of this project, Valérie Fert and Bo Chen for their support. I’m also indebted to Marc Finaud, Head of Arms Proliferation at GCSP, Deborah Zdravkovic, Senior Course Coordinator, Alexandra Borgeaud dit Avocat at Global Support Group, Roberto Bonino at LUSVAL, my graduate student Suzanne Lee, computer specialists James Scott and Hrishikesh S. Mahajan from State University of New York at Binghamton.

I would also like to express my heartfelt appreciation to doctoral candidate Liyang Dong from State University of New York at Binghamton for her exceptional secretarial and editorial assistance. I am grateful to all the presenters for their cooperation and patience for the long process. I am relieved to finish this book project after months of planning, operation and execution of this academic endeavour and facing financial challenges.

Prof Manas Chatterji, Binghamton University, NY, and Guest Professor, Peking University