Prelims

Airport Design and Operation

ISBN: 978-1-78441-870-0, eISBN: 978-1-78441-869-4

Publication date: 5 August 2015

Citation

(2015), "Prelims", Kazda, A. and Caves, R.E. (Ed.) Airport Design and Operation, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xxv. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78441-870-020153026

Publisher

:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2015 Emerald Group Publishing Limited


Half Title Page

Airport Design and Operation

Third Edition

Title Page

AIRPORT DESIGN AND OPERATION

Third Edition

by

ANTONÍN KAZDA

University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovakia

ROBERT E. CAVES

Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK (Retired)

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2000

Second edition 2007

Third edition 2015

Copyright © 2015 Emerald Group Publishing Limited

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78441-870-0 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-78441-869-4 (Online)

Dedication

Dedication

We have written this book for all the fools who love the beautiful fragrance of the burnt kerosene.

Tony Kazda and Bob Caves

We would like to thank our wives for their understanding during our writing, because the time involved for this work was stolen from our families. Also we thank ‘little’ Zuzana and Tom for their help with language and the manipulation of computer software.

Abbreviations

μm Micrometres
A Ampere
a/c Aircraft
ABAS Aircraft-Based Augmentation System
AC Advisory Circular
A-CDM Airport Collaborative Decision Making
ACARE Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe
ACI Airports Council International
ACLU American Civil Liberties Union
ACMI Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance
ACNSG Aircraft Classification Number Study Group
ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program
AD Aerodrome
ADF Automatic Direction Finder
ADSG Airport Design Study Group
AEA Association of European Airlines
AFFF Aqueous Film Forming Foam
AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network
AGA Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids
AGNIS Azimuth Guidance for Nose-in Stands
AIP Air Information Publication
AIP Airport Improvement Program
AMAN Arrival Manager
AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance
ANP Aircraft Noise-Power
AODB Airport Operations Database
API Advance Passenger Information
APIS Aircraft Parking and Information System
APN Apron
APP Approach
APP Advanced Passenger Processing
APU Auxiliary Power Unit
ARCP Aerodrome Reference Code Panel
ASD Addressable Switching Device
ASDA Accelerate-stop Distance Available
A-SMGCS Advanced Surface Movement, Guidance and Control Systems
ASPSL Arrays of Segmented Point Source Lighting
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ATB Automatic Ticket and Boarding
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management
ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management
ATM Air Traffic Management
atm Air Transport Movements
ATSA Aviation and Transportation Security Act
AWB Air Waybill
AWOP All Weather Operation Panel
BAA British Airports Authority
BANANA Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BOLDS Burroughs Optical Lens Docking System
C Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)
CAA Civil Aviation Authority
CAD Computer Added Design
CAN Aircraft Classification Number
CAP Civil Aviation Publication
CAT Category
CBP Customs and Border Protection
CBR Californian Bearing Ratio
CCR Constant Current Regulators
CCS Cargo Community System
CCTV Close Circuit TV
cd Candelas
CDA Continuous Descent Approach
CDD Charge-Coupled Devices
CDG Charles de Gaulle Airport
CDM Collaborative Decision Making
CFMU Central Flow Management Unit
CFRP Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer
CIP Commercially Important Passengers
CL Centre Line
CLOS Command Line-of- Sight
cm Centimetre
CMC Cargo Movement Control
CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level
CNR Composite Noise Rating
CO Carbon Monoxide
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CPM Computational Pipeline Monitoring
CRM Collision Risk Model
CSA Common Situational Awareness
CUSS Common User Self Service
CUTE Common Use Terminal Equipment
CWY Clearway
DA Decelerating Approaches
dB Decibel
DC Direct Current
DDF Data and Documentation Flow
DDM Difference in the Depth of Modulation
DH Decision Height
DHS Department of Homeland Security
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardization)
DLR Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (The National Aeronautics and Space Research Centre of the Federal Republic of Germany)
DM Dual Mass
DMAN Departure Manager
DME UHF Distance Measuring Equipment
Doc Document
DOT Department of Transport
E Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
EC European Commission
ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference
EDDS Explosive Device Detection System
EDI Electronic Data Interchange
EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modelling System
EDS Explosive Detection System
EFSO Emergency Fuel Shutoff System
EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMA East Midlands Airport
EMAS Engineered Material Arresting System
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EQA Equivalent Gates
ERCD Environmental Research and Consultancy Department
ETDS Explosive Trace Detection Equipment
ETV Elevating Transfer Vehicles
EU European Union
EUR Europe or European
EXP World Exports
FAA Federal Aviation Administration of the USA
FAF Final Approach Fix
FAR Federal Aviation Regulation
FASG Frangible Aids Study Group
FATO Final Approach and Take-off Area
FFFP Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam
FIDS Flight Information Display System
FLIR Forward Looking Infrared
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FOD Foreign Object Damage
ft Feet
ftk Freight Tonne Kilometres
g Gram
GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation System
GCA Ground Controlled Approach
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GLONASS Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema
GNP Gross National Product
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GP Glide Path
GPS Global Positioning System
GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System
GRI Global Reporting Initiative
HAPI Helicopter Approach Path Indicator
HC Hydrocarbons
HGS Head up Guidance System
Hi-Lo High-Loader
HOP Helicopter Operations Panel
HOT Hold Over Time
HV High Voltage
Hz Hertz
IATA International Air Transport Association
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
ID Identification
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IFE In-flight Entertainment
IFR Instrument Flight Rules
ILS Instrument Landing System
IM Inner Marker
IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions
INM Integrated Noise Model
IR Infra-Red
ISBN International Standard Book Number
ISO International Standards Organization
Istr Intensity in a Space Beam
IT Information Technologies
JFK John F. Kennedy International Airport
kHz Kilohertz
km Kilometre
kN Kilo-newton
Kt Knots
LAE Sound Exposure Level
LAN Local Area Network
lb Pound
LBS Location Based Services
LCC Low Cost Carrier
LCM Lamp Control and Monitoring
LDA Landing Distance Available
LED Light Emitting Diode
Leq Equivalent Continuous Sound Level
LF Low Frequency
LGT Light, Lighting
LLZ Localiser
LMS Logistics Management Systems
LOC Localiser
LOS Level of Service
LP Luminescent Panel
LTO Take-off and Landing
LV Low Voltage
LVO Low Visibility Operations
LVTO Low Visibility Take-Off
m Metre
MAGLEV Magnetic Levitation
MANPADs Man-Portable Air Defence Systems
MCT Maximum Continuous Thrust
MD McDonnell-Douglas
MEL Minimum Equipment List
MF Medium Frequency
MHz Megahertz
MIS Management Information System
MKR Marker
MLS Microwave Landing System
mm Millimetre
MM Middle Marker
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MPa Megapascal
mppa Million Passengers per Annum
MTD Mean Texture Depth
MTOM Maximum Take-off Mass
NADP Noise Abatement Departure Procedures
NASP National Aviation Security Programme
NDB Non-Directional Radio Beacon
NEF Noise Exposure Forecast
NFC Near Field Communications
NIMBY Not in My Back Yard
NM Nautical Mile
NNI Noise and Number Index
NOTAM Notice to Airmen
NOx Nitrous Oxides
NPD Noise-Power-Distance
NPIAS National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems
NTK Noise Monitoring and Track Keeping
OAS Obstacle Assessment Surfaces
OAT Outside Air Temperature
OCP Obstacle Clearance Panel
O-D Origin Destination
OFZ Obstacle Free Zone
OM Outer Marker
OPS Aircraft Operations
p.a. Per annum
Pa Pascal
PANS Procedures for Air Navigation Services
PAPA Parallax Aircraft Parking Aid
PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator
PAR Precision Approach Radar
PAX Passenger
PBFM Passenger and Bag Flow Model
PCN Pavement Classification Number
PEDS Primary Explosive Detection System
PETN Pentaerytrytol Tetranitrate
PIN Personal Identification Number
pkm Passenger Kilometres
PLASI Pulse Light Approach Slope Indicator
PMS Pavement Management Systems
PNdB Perceived Noise Decibel
PNL Perceived Noise Level
PNR Passenger Name Record
ppm Parts Per Million
PSZ Public Safety Zone
ptf Propensity to Fly
QR code Quick Response Code
RAVC Reduced Aerodrome Visibility Conditions
RDF Radio Direction Finders
RDX Cyclotrimethylentrinithramin
RER Regional Rapid
RESA Runway End Safety Areas
RETIL Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator Light
RFF Rescue and Fire Fighting
RFFS Rescue and Fire Fighting Service
RFFSG Rescue and Fire Fighting Study Group
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RMS Root Mean Square
rpk Revenue Passenger Kilometres
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
rpm Revenue Passenger Miles
RSA Runway Safety Area
rtk Revenue Tonne Kilometres
RVR Runway Visual Range
RWY Runway
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SAGA System of Azimuth Guidance Approach
SAMs Surface-to-Air Missiles
SARPs Standards and Recommended Practices
SAS Scandinavian Airline Systems
SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation System
SBR Standard Busy Rate
SCC Series Circuit Coupler
SEL Single Event (Sound) Exposure Level
SeMS Security Management System
SITA Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques
SLA Service Level Agreements
SMB Side Marker Board
SMR Surface Movement Radar
SMS Safety Management System
SNAP Significant New Alternatives Policy
SPL Sound Pressure Level
SRE Surveillance Radar Element
SS Settleable solids (mg/litre) - suspended solid after one hour quiescent settlement
SSI Sensitive Security Information
SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar
SVR Slant Visual Range
SWY Stopway
TDD Telecommunications Display Device
TDZ Touchdown Zone
TGV Train à Grande Vitesse
TIP Threat Image Projection
TLS Transponder Landing System
TNT Trinitrotoluene
TO Take-off
TODA Take-off Distance Available
TOGA Take-off and Go-Around
TORA Take-off Run Available
TPHP Typical Peak Hour Passengers
TRA Task and Resource Analysis
TSA Transportation Security Administration
TSC Terrorist Screening Center
TWY Taxiway
UH Unburned Hydrocarbons
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UK United Kingdom
ULD Unit Load Devices
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
US United States
USA United States of America
USAF US Air Force
USD United States Dollars
V Volt
V Velocity
V1 Take-off Decision Speed
V2 Take-off Safety Speed (Applicable to Larger Multi-engine Aircraft)
VA Volt-ampere
VAGS Visual Alignment Guidance System
VAP Visual Aids Panel
VAT Value Added Tax
VASIS Visual Approach Slope Indicator System
VDGS Visual Docking Guidance System
VFR Visual Flight Rules
VHF Very High Frequency
VLA Very Large Aircraft
VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions
VOR Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range
VRLA Valve-Regulated Lead Acid
W Watt
WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
WCO World Customs Organization
WECPNL Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
WRS Wide-area Reference Stations
WS Wing Span

Preface

This book is titled ‘Airport Design and Operation’. However, the reader will not find chapters devoted exclusively to airport design or airport operation. Airport design and airport operation are closely related and influence each other. A poor design affects the airport operation and results in increased costs. On the other hand it is difficult to design the airport infrastructure without sound knowledge of airport operations. This is emphasised throughout the book.

The book does not offer a set of simple instructions for solutions to particular problems. Every airport is unique and a simple generic solution does not exist. The book explains principles and relationships important for the design of airport facilities, for airport management and for the safe and efficient control of operations. We hope that we have been able to overcome the traditional view that an airport is only the runway and tarmac. An airport is a complex system of facilities and often the most important enterprise of a region. It is an economic generator and catalyst in its catchment area. However, this book is focused on one narrow part of the airport problem, namely design and operation, while bearing the other aspects in mind.

This third edition includes some important changes in the international regulations covering design and operations. It reflects the greater attention being given to security, safety and changes on the air transport market with respect to the impact of low cost carriers operations. The third edition contains new parts on airport long-term planning; Reduced Aerodrome Visibility Conditions operation; RESA and EMAS construction; aircraft performance; rapid exit taxiway specifications; dowelling technology in concrete pavement design; fuel storage and leak detection; impact of mobile and IT technologies on passenger terminal design and operations; developments in security risks and their impact on security SARPs; ground transport system improvements and their impact on airport attractiveness; new de-icing chemicals and procedures; changes in rescue and fire fighting and a new chapter on wildlife control. All these changes and additions strengthen the operational content of this book.

Tony Kazda and Bob Caves

Žilina, Slovakia and Loughborough, UK, January 2015

Acknowledgements

We appreciate all the help from the professionals who have contributed to the text or have given freely of their time and expertise to advise and correct our draft texts. Without their help, it would not have been possible to complete this book. We would like to express special thanks to:

Charles Allen, DHL

Zoltan Bazso, Heathrow Airport

Bill Blanchard, East Midlands airport

Petr Čiviš, AGA – Letiště, Prague

Zbyněk Hackl, Airport Systems Design Agency, spol. s r.o., Prague

Petr Hloušek, Prague Airport

Dr. Stephanie Hochreuther, BU ICS, Technical Application EMEA, Aviation, Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH

Dr. Martin Hromádka, Žilina Airport

Tomáš Hruška, Air Transport Europe

Abdul Nasser Chakra, Emirates Aviation University, Dubai

Bohdan Koverdynsky, Prague Airport

Dr. Libot Kurzweil, Prague Airport

Andrea L. Manning, Zodiac Aerospace

Matěj Mareth, Slovak Transport Authority

Darren Maynard, DHL

Richard Moxon, Cranfield University

Kai Nieruch, Lufthansa

Prof. Andrej Novák, University of Žilina

Jan Pojezny, Vestergaard Company A/S