Aanandmaya kosh

, 211

Abhinivesha (clinging to life or strong desire for life)

, 164

Absenteeism

, 36, 54, 58, 61–62

Acetylcholine

, 279

Achievement

expectations from the job

, 28–29

seekers

, 19

striving

, 23

Active coping strategy

, 223

Active interest

, 306–307

Activity log

, 285

Actually received social support

, 48

Acute stress disorder (ASD)

, 55, 86

prevalence of

, 93–98

Adaptive coping

, 225

ADD/ADHD

, 235

Adjustment disorders

, 55, 86

prevalence of

, 93–98

Adult ego state

, 271

Aerobic exercises

, 230

Agami (current actions resulting in future karma)

, 164

Age, and burnout

, 18

Ahimsa (nonviolence)

, 174

Ajna chakra

, 187, 188

Altered State theory

, 250

Alzheimer’s disease

, 249

American Psychological Association

, 2

Anaerobic exercises

, 230

Anahata chakra

, 186–187, 188

Anand (bliss)

, 166

Anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior

, 244

Anger management

, 283

Annamaya kosh kriyas

, 211

Antecedents to work exhaustion

, 155, 156

Anxiety

, 242

Anxiety disorders

, 55, 86

with anxiety

, 93–98

with depressed mood

, 93–98

Aparigraha (nonpossessiveness)

, 174

Apathy

, 32

Appraisal

, 45

Art of Living Foundation (AOL)

, 206–210

rules for success

, 209

Asana (postures)

, 175, 177, 190, 194–195, 196, 197

Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga

, 191

Ashtanga yoga

, 174–177

Asmita (egoism)

, 163

Assertiveness

, 281–282

Asteya (nonstealing)

, 174

Asthma

, 247–248

Atman (soul, self)

, 165, 215

Attachment cycle, and mental disturbance

, 168

Attitudinal reactions

, 155, 157

Australia

incidence of burnout

, 4

Autogenic training

, 230–232

Autohypnosis

, 251

Autonomically focused techniques

, 244

Autonomy

, 43–45, 64

Avidya (ignorance)

, 163, 164

Balance between work, family, and leisure

, 313

Balanced thoughts

, 255–256

Behavioral effects of burnout

, 88–89, 113, 117–119

Bhagvad Gita

, 168–173

Bhakti yoga

, 169, 179

Bhastrika

, 175

Bhramari

, 175

Big Five personality factors

, 20

Biofeedback

, 232–235

-assisted relaxation

, 248

Blood pressure, lowering

, 278

Blue-collar workers

, 42

Boredom

, 32

Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University

, 220

Brahmacharya (awareness of the highest reality)

, 174

Brahman (the Supreme Being)

, 165

Brahmananda Saraswati

, 205

Brain chemistry, diet influencing

, 279–280

Brain energy

, 240

Brainstorming

, 265

British Academy of Sound Therapy (BAST)

, 242

Buffering effect, of social support

, 49, 51–52, 53

Bureaucracy

machine

, 41–42

professional

, 41, 42

Burnout

behavioral effects of

, 88–89, 113, 117–119

construct and operationalization of

, 12–13

defined

, 13–14, 81, 144, 149, 151, 153

dimensions of

, 14, 144–145

empirical phase of

, 10–11

exploratory phase of

, 8–10

historical development of

, 7–8

as human-services construct

, 13–14

incidence

, 4–5

individual factors in

, 17–29

magnitude of

, 2–4

as multidimensional construct

, 13

organizational consequences of

, 58–62

organizational factors in

, 30–54

patterns of

, 103, 105–106

personal consequences of

, 55–58

phases of

, 107

prevalence of

, 91–93

prevention of

, 88, 124–136

professional consequences of

, 58–62

proneness to

, 88, 108–113

stage models of

, 150–157

stages of

, 107–108

stress and

, 106–107

symptoms of

, 88, 113, 114, 115–116

theoretical perspectives

, 11–12

see also individual entries

Burnout Measure

, 11, 13, 72

Burnout Stress Syndrome

, 69

Canada

incidence of burnout

, 5

Cancer

, 248

Cardiovascular problems

, 73

Career development stress

, 39–40

Career plans

, 311–312

Caseworkers, burnout among

, 85

Causal attribution

, 155, 156

Causal search

, 155, 156

Center for Disease Control

, 3

Centrality

, 34

Chakras

, 184, 194–195

ajna

, 187, 188

anahata

, 186–187, 188

manipura

, 186, 188

muladhara

, 185–186, 188

sahasrara

, 187–188

swadhistana

, 186, 188

vishuddha

, 187, 188

Changing jobs and roles

, 300

Cherniss’ transactional process model of burnout

, 149–150

Child ego state

, 271–272

Childcare providers, burnout among

, 75–76

Chinmaya Mission

, 220

Chit (consciousness)

, 166

Chronic Work Related Stress Evaluation Questionnaire

, 69

Classic phobias

, 73

Clinical psychology perspective of burnout

, 12

Clinicians, burnout among

, 85

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

, 243, 257–258

Cognitive restructuring

, 251–256, 257

Colleagues, support from

, 292–293, 307–308

Communication

, 289–290

humor faciliting

, 275

for social support

, 289–290

Compassion

fatigue

, 76, 77

satisfaction

, 77

Compassion Satisfaction/Fatigue test

, 77

Competence

, 26, 75, 253

Comprehensibility

, 27

Conflict, role

, 35–36, 85

Conflict management

, 281

anger management

, 283

assertiveness

, 281–282

Confrontation

, 34

Conservation of resources (COR) model of burnout

, 160

Construct of burnout

, 12–13

Contextual processing

, 154

Continued learning

, 307

Control

, 43–45

Coping

, 221

adaptive

, 225

emotion-focused

, 222–223

inadequate capacity

, 20, 21

mechanisms to fight distress, interventions to improve

, 101, 102

problem-focused

, 223

skills

, 78

stages of

, 221–222

strategies

, 223–225

with stress

, 77

Indian approaches to

, 163

techniques

, 261

Counseling

, 228

Creativity

, 34

Crisis theory

, 9

CT, for headaches

, 244

Cynicism

, 15–16, 18

Dama (control of senses or refraining from bad deeds)

, 181

Darshan

, 173

Decision authority

, 44

Decision latitude

, 44

Decision-making

, 265–266

organizational

, 303

Deep Relaxation Technique (DRT)

, 214

Dehumanization in self-defense

, 8

Delegating

, 285

Delegation of work

, 285

Demographic factors, influence on burnout

, 18–19

age and experience

, 18

gender

, 18

level of education

, 19

marital status

, 18–19

Depersonalization

, 8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22, 33, 35, 37–38, 44, 144–145, 148

absenteeism and

, 61

coaching experience

, 82

managers

, 70

nonservice occupations

, 82

nurses

, 78

police

, 83

psychiatrists

, 76

psychological disorders and

, 55

psychologists

, 79

reduced organizational commitment and

, 61

social support and

, 50

teachers

, 73

turnover and

, 61

Depression

, 289

and burnout

, 56–57

social support effect on

, 49–50

Desikachar, T.K.V.

, 189

Despair

, 23

Detachment

, 8, 144

Developmental process models of burnout

, 143–161

Dharana (concentration)

, 176

Dharma

, 165

Dhyana (meditation/contemplation)

, 176, 197–212

Diabetes

, 248

Diet for stress management

, 279–281

Direct-active coping

, 223

Direct-inactive coping

, 224

Distress

, 1

Distributive justice

, 45

Doctors, burnout among

, 75–80

Dukha

, 167, 169

Dush karma (bad karma)

, 169

Dwesha (aversions and dislikes)

, 164

Economic and Social Council of the United Nations

, 206–207

Education level, and burnout

, 19

Effective personal lifestyle

, 267

conflict management

, 281

anger management

, 283

assertiveness

, 281–282

diet for effective stress management

, 279

food, brain chemistry, and stress

, 279–280

humor, at workplace

, 275

attracting attention and energizes

, 276–277

building relationships

, 276

faciliting communication

, 275

providing perspective

, 276

reducing stress

, 276

Johari Window

, 267–269

laughter, health benefits of

, 277–279

time management

, 283–286

activity log

, 285

deciding work priorities

, 284–285

delegating

, 285

small-scale planning

, 285

transactional analysis

, 269–274

Effective stress management, diet for

, 279

Efficacy expectations

, 154

Ego states

, 270, 271

descriptive model of

, 273

Egoism

, 164

Electro dermal Response

, 234

Electroencephalogram (EEG) feedback

, 234, 235

Electromyogram (EMG)

, 233

Emancipation

, 173

Emotional challenge

, 47–48, 293

Emotional demands

, 25

Emotional development, yoga for

, 213

Emotional distress

, 55

Emotional exhaustion

, 8, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 43, 44, 45, 144, 147, 148, 152

absenteeism and

, 61

coaching experience

, 82

depression and

, 57

managers

, 69

nonservice occupations

, 82

nurses

, 78

psychiatrists

, 76

psychological disorders and

, 55

reduced job performance and

, 58

social support and

, 50–53

teachers

, 73–75

turnover and

, 61

Emotional intelligence

, 68

Emotional social support

, 49

Emotional support

, 47, 293

Emotionality

, 20

Emotion-focused coping

, 222–223

Empirical phase of burnout

, 10–11

Enlightenment

, 165

Entrepreneurial burnout

, 85

Episodic Work Related Stress Evaluation Questionnaire

, 69

European Union

incidence of burnout

, 5

Executive burnout

, 68

defined

, 158

Indian model of

, 157

Executive neurosis

, 39

Exercise therapy group

, 229

Exercising

, 229–230

Exhaustion

, 15

antecedents to work

, 155, 156

emotional. See Emotional exhaustion

mental

, 72, 152

physical

, 72, 151

Experience, and burnout

, 18

Exploratory phase of burnout

, 8–10

Expressive Relaxation Training

, 243

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

, 56

Fairness, and burnout

, 53–54

Fatigue, compassion

, 76

Feedback

, 306, 309

Feeling personality types

, 25

Fibromyalgia

, 247

Food, brain chemistry, and stress

, 279–280

Frustration and aggression theory

, 9

Galvanic Skin Response

, 234

Gamma-interferon

, 277

Gastrointestinal problems

, 73

Gender

and burnout

, 18

differences in work stress

, 67

Gender differences, social support

, 291

General Health Questionnaire

, 55, 79

Generalized anxiety symptoms

, 243

Generalized resistance resources (GRRs)

, 287

Goenka, S.N.

, 199

Golembiewski model of burnout

, 146–147

Group Dynamics Laboratory

, 268

Guided imagery/visualization

, 236–237

Gunas

, 170–173

Gyan (knowledge/wisdom) yoga

, 180

Hardiness, and burnout

, 21

Hatha yoga

, 177, 178, 188–194

Headaches

, 244–245

Health benefits of laughter

, 277–279

Helping relationship

, 34

Helsinki Heart Study

, 58

High blood pressure

, 235

Historical development of burnout

, 7–8

HIV

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)

, 248–249

Hopelessness

, 23

Human-services construct, burnout as

, 13–14

Humor, at workplace

, 275

attracting attention and energizes

, 276–277

building relationships

, 276

faciliting communication

, 275

providing perspective

, 276

reducing stress

, 276

Hypertension

and cardiac conditions

, 235

and heart disease

, 246–247

lowering

, 278

Hypnosis

, 249–251

Hypnotherapy

, 249–250

Ida (left sympathetic chain of spinal cord)

, 185

Impatience

, 23

Inactive coping strategy

, 223

Incentive theory

, 9

Incidence of burnout

, 4–5

Incontinence

, 235

Indian model of executive burnout

, 157

Indian spirituality

, 241

Indirect-active coping

, 224

Indirect-inactive coping

, 224

Individual factors

in burnout

, 17–29

demographic factors

, 18–19

perceived gender equity

, 29

personal job expectations

, 28–29

personality characteristics

, 19–28

preventing burnout

, 311

actively perusing professional development

, 312–313

developing early career insights

, 311–312

greater organizational negotiation skills

, 312

need for achievement

, 313

striking a balance between work, family, and leisure

, 313

Industrial-organizational psychology perspective of burnout

, 12

Inefficacy

, 15, 16

“I”ness. See egoism

Infinite being

, 165

Influence

, 34

Informational social support

, 49

Insomnia

, 245

Instant Relaxation Technique (IRT)

, 214

Instrumental social support

, 49

Integration

, 34

Intellectual development, yoga for

, 213

Internal purification (antah-karana-suddhi)

, 217

International Association for Human Values

, 209

International sports performers, burnout among

, 83

Inter-role conflict

, 36

Inter-role distance

, 68

Inter-role distance

, 38

Inter-role linkage

, 34

Inter-sender conflict

, 36

Intra-sender conflict

, 36

Irritability

, 23–24

Irritable bowel syndrome

, 247

Ishvara pranidhana (dedication/devotion to creative force/supreme)

, 174

Iyengar, B.K.S.

, 189

Iyengar Yoga

, 191

Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation (JPMR)

, 228

Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique

, 227

Jnana yoga

, 169

Jnani (a self-realized person)

, 197

Job

burnout

, 15–16

dissatisfaction

, 36, 37, 38

insecurity

, 39

performance

, 38

personal expectations from

, 28–29

reduced performance

, 58–59

satisfaction

, 65, 66

strain, and psychiatric morbidity

, 56

Job burnout, prevention from

, 297

Job demand-resource (JD-R) model of burnout

, 161

Johari Window

, 267–269

Jurists, burnout among

, 85

Justice

distributive

, 45

procedural

, 45

Karma (action/deeds)

, 163, 166, 169, 173

defined

, 215

dush karma (bad karma)

, 169

Karma yoga

, 169, 180

for attitude change in stress management

, 218–220

stress-free work life with

, 215–220

Karoshi

, 34

Kewali

, 175

Kleshas

, 163, 164, 167–168, 169, 196

Kundalini yoga

, 181–184

evolution of

, 180–183

stress management through

, 183–184

Learned helplessness

, 9, 46

Leiter’s revised process model of burnout

, 146

Leiter–Maslach process model of burnout

, 145

Life cycle of individuals

, 167

Life Positions

, 271

Life script

, 271

Life Status Review Questionnaire

, 77

Lifestyle changes, and burnout

, 103, 104

Lighting, and stress

, 31

Limiting hours of stressful work

, 298–299

Listening

, 47

active

, 292

Locus of control

and burnout

, 21–22, 24

inventory

, 70

Locus of Control Questionnaire

, 77

Low self-esteem

, 20, 26–27, 74

Machine bureaucracy

, 41

Magnitude of burnout

, 2–4

Maharishi

, 205

Mahesh Yogi

, 205

Manageability

, 27

Management development

, 304

Management training, providing

, 304

Managers

perception of stress

, 5–7

stress and burnout in

, 64–71

Manipura chakra

, 186, 188

Manomaya kosh

, 211

Mantra

, 197

Mantras, chanting or listening to

, 241

Marital status, and burnout

, 18–19

Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)

, 9, 10, 11, 13, 24, 35, 42, 55, 57, 68, 69, 72, 75, 77–79, 82, 143, 146, 158

Maslach Burnout Scale

, 56

Maslach model of burnout

, 143–145

Maya (illusion)

, 166, 178

Meaningful work, finding

, 309–310

Meaningfulness

, 27

Meditation

, 176, 197–210

insight

, 198–204

transcendental

, 204–210

Meditative techniques

, 226

Meier’s model of burnout

, 153–155

Menopausal symptoms

, 247

Mental demands

, 25

Mental exhaustion

, 72, 152

Mental health professionals’ perception of executive burnout

, 85

behavioral effects of burnout

, 113, 117–119

burnout cases, approaching

, 122–124

data analysis

, 91–108

frequency of visits

, 120–122

methodology

, 86–91

prevention of

, 124–136

proneness to burnout

, 108–113

responses

, 137

suggestions

, 138–141

symptoms of burnout

, 113, 114, 115–116

MetLife

, 3

Migraine headaches

, 234–235

Millennium Development Goals

, 209

Mind–body connection

, 275

Mindfulness

-based stress reduction

, 200

role in vipassana

, 200

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

, 20

Moksha

, 163, 167, 174

Momentary concentration (khanika Samadhi)

, 199

Moore’s attributional model of work exhaustion consequences

, 155–157

Motivation

conflicting

, 20

excessive

, 20

Mukti

, 163, 215

Muladhara chakra

, 185–186, 188

Multidimensional construct, burnout as

, 13

Mumukshtva

, 181

Murchha

, 175

Music therapy

, 237–240

Myers Briggs Type Inventory

, 24

National Center for Health Statistics

, 2

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

, 2, 3

Negative emotions

, 230

Negative thinking

, 236

Negotiation skills, organizational

, 312

Neuro feedback

, 235

Neuroticism, and burnout

, 20–21, 73

Neurotransmitters

, 279

Nirbana (nonattachment)

, 204

Niyama (observances)

, 174–175, 177

Noise, and stress

, 30

Nonservice occupations, burnout in

, 82

Norepinephrine

, 279

Nurses, burnout among

, 75–80

Occupational stress

, 2–3, 64, 66–67, 75

gender differences in

, 67

Occupational Stress Index

, 75

Occupational Stress Indicator-2

, 66

Occupational stressors

, 295

Oneness

, 165

Operationalization of burnout

, 12–13

Organizational burnout

, 62

Organizational change

, 45–46

Organizational climate

, 40–43

Organizational commitment

reduced

, 60–61

and stress

, 70, 74

Organizational Commitment Questionnaire

, 69

Organizational consequences of stress/burnout

, 58–62

Organizational culture

, 40–43

Organizational expectations from the job

, 28

Organizational factors, in burnout

, 30–54

career development stress

, 39–40

organizational structure, culture, and climate

, 40–54

role efficacy

, 34–38

work characteristics

, 30–34

Organizational flexibility, increasing

, 299–300

Organizational problem-solving and decision-making

, 303

Organizational Role Stress (ORS) Scale

, 22

Organizational structure

, 40–43

Organizations, preventing/mitigating burnout in

, 295–298

Organizations, preventive measures taken by

, 298

agency goals and guiding philosophies

, 309

changing jobs and roles

, 300

finding greater professional autonomy and support

, 310–311

limiting hours of stressful work

, 298–299

management development

, 304

meaningful work, finding

, 309–310

organizational flexibility, increasing

, 299–300

organizational problem-solving and decision-making

, 303

staff–client ratios, reducing

, 300–301

staff development

, 304–306

supportive work environment

, 306–308

time-out, availability of

, 301–302

training

, 302–303

working conditions, improving

, 308–309

Orientation

, 263–264

Outcome expectations

, 154

Overload

, 31–32

qualitative

, 33

quantitative

, 33

role

, 37

Panic disorder

, 242–243

Pareek’s Role Efficacy Scale

, 35

Parent ego

, 271

Passion

harmonious

, 82

obsessive

, 82

Passive relaxation techniques

, 236

guided imagery/visualization

, 236–237

music therapy

, 237–240

sounds of nature

, 241–242

sound therapy

, 240–241

Patthana vipassana

, 202

Perceived available social support

, 48

Perceived gender equality (PGE)

, 29

Perceived gender equity (PGE)

, 29

Perfectionism

, 252

Performance appraisal

, 45

Personal accomplishment

, 145

nurses

, 79

police

, 83

psychologists

, 79

reduced

, 9, 14, 16, 148

teachers

, 73–75

Personal consequences of stress/burnout

, 55

physiological disorders

, 57–58

psychological disorders

, 55–57

Personal “crash and burn”

, 296

Personal effectiveness

, 269, 270

Personal expectations from the job

, 28–29

Personal growth

, 34

Personality characteristics, influence on burnout

, 19–28

competence

, 26

comprehensibility

, 27

hardiness

, 21

locus of control

, 21–22

neuroticism

, 20–21

psychological type and

, 24–25

resilience

, 28

self-efficacy

, 25–26

self-esteem

, 26–27

Type A behavior pattern

, 22–24

Personality development, yoga for

, 212–213

Person-role conflict

, 36

Perspective, humor providing

, 276

Philosophies, guiding

, 309

Phobias, classic

, 73

Physical environment, designing

, 308–309

Physical exercises

, 229–230

Physical exhaustion

, 72, 152

Physical intervention to burnout

, 103, 104

Physical reality

, 293

Physical work environment

, 30–31

Physiological disorders

, 57–58

Pines’ and Aronson’s existential model of burnout

, 151–153

Pingala (right sympathetic chain of spinal cord)

, 185

Police, burnout among

, 82–83

Positive emotions

, 274

Positive thinking

, 256–257

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 55, 86

prevalence of

, 93–98

Prakrti (human nature)

, 170

Pranayama (control of breath)

, 175, 195–197

kosha

, 211

ujjayi

, 190

Prarabdha (fructifying)

, 164

Prasad (offering)

, 166–167

Pratyahara (withdrawal)

, 175–176

Presenteeism

, 33

Prevention of burnout

, 88, 124–136, 221

Proactivity

, 34–35

Probation officers, burnout among

, 83

Problem-focused coping

, 223

Problem-solving

, 262

decision-making

, 265–266

generation of alternatives

, 265

problem definition and formulation

, 264–265

verification

, 266

Procedural justice

, 45

Professional autonomy and support, finding greater

, 310–311

Professional bureaucracy

, 41–42

Professional consequences of stress/burnout

, 58–62

Professional development

, 312–313

Professional Impact Questionnaire

, 84

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)

, 244

Progressive relaxation

, 227–229

Proneness to burnout

, 88, 108–113

Psychiatrists, burnout among

, 76

Psychoacoustics

, 239

Psychological contract

, 46

Psychological disorders

, 55–57

Psychological intervention to burnout

, 103, 104

Psychological type, and burnout

, 24–25

Psychological well-being

, 66

Psychologists, burnout among

, 79

Psychology of conflict

, 9

Psychoneurosis

, 98–100

early intervention in preventing/reducing

, 100

Psychosis

, 98–100

early intervention in preventing/reducing

, 100

Psychosomatics

, 9

Quick Relaxation Technique (QRT)

, 214

Raga (cravings, strong likes and attractions)

, 163, 164

Raja yoga

, 181

Rajas

, 171

Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

, 257–260

Rational Restructuring

, 257

Rational Therapy, see Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

Rational Thinking

, 256

Rationality

, 165

Reactance and learned helplessness theory

, 9

Reality, sharing

, 294

Recognition and feedback

, 306

Reduced job performance

, 58–60

Reduced organizational commitment

, 60–61

Reduced personal accomplishment

, 9, 13, 14, 148

Referencing techniques

, 259

Reinforcement expectations

, 153

Relationships, humor building

, 276

Relaxation for body and the mind

, 225

autogenic training

, 230–232

biofeedback

, 232–235

effectiveness in various disorders

, 242

Alzheimer’s disease

, 249

anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior

, 244

anxiety

, 242

asthma

, 247–248

cancer

, 248

diabetes

, 248

fibromyalgia

, 247

generalized anxiety symptoms

, 243

headaches

, 244–245

HIV

, 248–249

hypertension and heart disease

, 246–247

insomnia

, 245

irritable bowel syndrome

, 247

menopausal symptoms

, 247

panic disorder

, 242–243

relaxation therapies with children

, 246

seizures

, 249

smoking

, 245–246

social phobia

, 243

substance abuse

, 245

test anxiety

, 243

physical exercises

, 229–230

progressive relaxation

, 227–229

relaxation training

, 227

Relaxation training

, 246

Rensis Likert’s Profile of Organizational Characteristics (POC)

, 42

Resilience

, 28

Resource inadequacy

, 68

Reward systems

, 45

Role

ambiguity

, 37–38, 68, 85

centering

, 34

conflict

, 35–36, 85

defined

, 34

efficacy

, 34–38

erosion

, 68

expectation conflict

, 68

linking

, 34–35

overload

, 38, 68, 85

stagnation

, 68

Role ambiguity

, 38

Role Efficacy questionnaires

, 70

Role Making Behavior

, 34

Rotter’s Internal-External Scale

, 22

Rust out

, 32

Sahasrara (cerebral cortex)

, 184–185

Sahasrara chakra

, 187–188

Sahita Kumbhaka

, 175

Salvation

, 165

Samadhana

, 181

Samadhi (enlightenment)

, 176–177

Samskara (cycle of rebirth)

, 165

Sanchita (accumulated)

, 164

Sannyasa (the state of renunciation)

, 217

Santosha (contentment)

, 174

Sat (existence)

, 166

Satipatthana vipassana

, 202

Sattva

, 170, 171

Satya (truthfulness)

, 174

Satyananda Yoga

, 191

Scheduling

, 284

Security seekers

, 19

Seizures

, 249

Self-awareness

, 193

Self-awareness, approach to

, 267–269

Self-disclosure

, 290–291

Self-efficacy

, 25–27, 46, 75

generalized

, 26

professional

, 25

specific

, 26

Self-esteem

, 26–27, 37, 46

low

, 20, 26, 74

Self-exploration

, 193

Self-hypnosis

, 251

Self-inefficacy

, 9

Self-introspection

, 171

Self-Management of Excessive Stress (SMET)

, 214

Self-realization

, 164, 165, 169, 173, 174, 179, 197

Self-role distance

, 38

Self-role distance

, 68

Self-transcendence

, 193

Sense of coherence (SOC)

, 27, 57

Sense of humor

, 274

Serotonin

, 279

Sex offenders, burnout among

, 84

Shama (withdrawal of senses)

, 181

Sharing

, 48

Shatsampatti

, 180–181

Shaucha (purity of body and mind)

, 174

Shifts in expectations from the job

, 29

Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure

, 13

Shraddha

, 181

Sitali

, 175

Sivananda Yoga

, 191

16 PF (Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Scale)

, 20

Skill discretion

, 44

Small-scale planning

, 285

Smoking

, 245–246

Social anxiety

, 73

Social contacts

, 290

Social network

, 288

Social phobia

, 243

Social psychology perspective of burnout

, 12

Social reality

, 48

testing and sharing

, 293–294

Social support

, 46–53, 286

actually received

, 48–49

building

, 289

communication

, 289–290

self-disclosure

, 290–291

defined

, 46

dimensions of

, 288–289

effects on burnout

, 48–52

emotional

, 49

functions of

, 291

active listening

, 292

emotional challenge

, 293

emotional support

, 293

social reality testing and sharing

, 293–294

technical appreciation

, 292

technical challenge

, 292–293

informational

, 49

instrumental

, 49

perceived available

, 48

roles and functions of

, 47

Sound therapy

, 240–241

Sounds of nature

, 241–242

Spiritual development, yoga for

, 213–214

Sports, burnout in

, 80–82

Sri Sri Ravi Shankar

, 206–210

Staff development

, 304–306

Staff–client ratios, reducing

, 300–301

Stage fright

, 73

Status congruence

, 39

Stimulus–response relationship

, 270

Stitha Prajna

, 173

Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study

, 57

Stress

, 1, 274

and burnout

, 106–107

career development

, 39–40

coping with

, 77, 163

among doctors

, 75–80

humor reducing

, 276

management through yoga

, 173–174

among managers

, 64–71

manager’s perception of

, 5–6

among nurses

, 75–80

occupational

, 2–3, 64, 66–67

organizational commitment and

, 70, 74

organizational consequences of

, 58–62

personal consequences of

, 55–58

professional consequences of

, 58–62

-related disorders, prevalence of

, 93–98

and strain

, 235

Stress diary

, 297

Stress Inoculation Training (SIT)

, 260

application training

, 2621

skills application

, 261

therapeutic alliance and conduct psycho-education

, 261

Stress management, effective

diet for

, 279

Stressful Events Questionnaire

, 79

Stress-induced problems

, 227

Stress-related mood disturbances

, 295–296

Strokes

, 271

Structural Model of Human Personality

, 272

Structural modeling

, 11

Students, burnout among

, 84

Substance abuse

, 245

Sudarshan Kriya

, 208

Super-ordination

, 34–35

Support system

, 287

Supportive work environment

, 306–308

Survival bias

, 18

Surya Bhedi

, 175

Sushumna (spinal cord)

, 185

Sustainability

, 28

Svadhyaya (selfstudy/reflection of sacred text)

, 174

Swadhistana chakra

, 186, 188

Symptoms of burnout

, 88, 113, 114, 115–116

Tamas

, 171

Tantra yoga

, 181, 184–185

Tapah (austerity/training senses)

, 174

Teachers, burnout among

, 71–75

Technical appreciation

, 47, 292

Technical challenge

, 47, 292–293

Technical support

, 292

Tedium Measure

, 10

Temperature Feedback

, 234

Tennis coaches, burnout among

, 84

Test anxiety

, 243

Test-Operate-Test-Exit (TOTE) unit

, 266

Therapeutic humor

, 275

Thinking personality types

, 25

Time management

, 283–286

activity log

, 285

deciding work priorities

, 284–285

delegating

, 285

small-scale planning

, 285

Time pressure, and burnout

, 33–34

Time-out, availability of

, 301–302

Training programs

, 302–303

Transactional analysis

, 269–274

Transactional process model of burnout

, 149–150

Transcendental meditation (TM)

, 205–210

Trauma, and burnout

, 76–77

Turnover

, 61–62

behavior

, 58

intentions

, 58

Type A behavior pattern, and burnout

, 22–24

Type B personality

, 24

Ujjayi pranayama

, 190

Unconscious Occult reservoir theory

, 250

United Kingdom

incidence of burnout

, 4

United Nations Millennium Campaign (UNMC)

, 209

United States

incidence of burnout

, 4

Unmet expectations from the job

, 29

Upanishads (ancient Indian literature)

, 184

Uparati

, 181

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

, 2

U.S. Department of Labor

, 2

Vairagya

, 181

Van Dierendonck–Schaufeli–Buunk model of burnout

, 148–149

Veninga and Spradley’s stage model of burnout

, 150–151

Vijanamaya kosh

, 211

Viniyoga

, 189

Vipassana (insight meditation)

, 198–205

benefits of

, 202–205

mindfulness, role of

, 200

requirements for practice

, 201–202

Vishuddha chakra

, 187, 188

Visualization

, 236–237

Viveka

, 181

Vivekanand Kendra

, 220

Warley’s Burnout Inventory

, 70

Well-being, psychological

, 66

Western approaches

, 221

cognitive restructuring

, 251–256

effectiveness of relaxation

Alzheimer’s disease

, 249

anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior

, 244

anxiety

, 242

asthma

, 247–248

cancer

, 248

diabetes

, 248

fibromyalgia

, 247

generalized anxiety symptoms

, 243

headaches

, 244–245

HIV

, 248–249

hypertension and heart disease

, 246–247

insomnia

, 245

irritable bowel syndrome

, 247

menopausal symptoms

, 247

panic disorder

, 242–243

relaxation therapies with children

, 246

seizures

, 249

smoking

, 245–246

social phobia

, 243

substance abuse

, 245

test anxiety

, 243

hypnosis and autohypnosis

, 249–251

passive relaxation

, 236

guided imagery or visualization

, 236–237

music therapy

, 237–240

sounds of nature

, 241–242

sound therapy

, 240–241

positive thinking

, 256–257

problem-solving

, 262

decision-making

, 265–266

generation of alternatives

, 265

problem definition and formulation

, 264–265

verification

, 266

Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

, 257–260

relaxation for body and the mind

, 225

autogenic training

, 230–232

biofeedback

, 232–235

physical exercises

, 229–230

progressive relaxation

, 227–229

relaxation training

, 227

Stress Inoculation Training (SIT)

, 260–262

White-collar workers

, 42

Women physicians, burnout among

, 80

Work characteristics, influence on burnout

, 30–34

Work environment, supportive

, 306–308

Work hours, and burnout

, 33–34

Work Locus of Control Scale

, 66

Work priorities, deciding

, 284–285

Workaholism Questionnaire Coping Checklist

, 69

Working conditions, improving

, 308–309

Workload, and burnout

, 31–33

Workplace, humor at see humor, at workplace

Work-related stress, reducing

, 275

Work-related Stress Inventory

, 77

Working conditions, improving

, 308–309

Yama (codes of restraint/self-regulations)

, 174, 177

Yoga

ashtanga

, 174–175

Bhakti

, 169, 180

for emotional development

, 213

gyan

, 180–181

hatha

, 177, 178, 188–194

for intellectual development

, 213

jnana

, 169

karma

, 169, 179–180, 215–220

kundalini

, 181–184

as lifestyle for stress/burnout management

, 210–215

for personality development

, 212–213

physiological dimensions of

, 210–211

raja

, 181

for spiritual development

, 213–214

stress management through

, 173–174

tantra

, 181, 184–185

Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale

, 56