Prelims

Global Opportunities for Entrepreneurial Growth: Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics within and across Firms

ISBN: 978-1-78714-502-3, eISBN: 978-1-78714-501-6

Publication date: 14 December 2017

Citation

(2017), "Prelims", Sindakis, S. and Theodorou, P. (Ed.) Global Opportunities for Entrepreneurial Growth: Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics within and across Firms (Advanced Strategies in Entrepreneurship, Education and Ecology), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xix. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-501-620171002

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited


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Global Opportunities for Entrepreneurial Growth: Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics within and Across Firms

Title Page

Global Opportunities for Entrepreneurial Growth: Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics within and Across Firms

Edited by

Stavros Sindakis

American University in Dubai, UAE

Panagiotis Theodorou

Institute of Strategy, Entrepreneurship and Education for Growth, Cyprus

United Kingdom – North America – Japan India – Malaysia – China

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2018

Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited

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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78714-502-3 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-78714-501-6 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-78714-951-9 (Epub)

ISSN: 1479-3512 (Series)

Contents

List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
List of Contributors xvii
Chapter 1: Introduction
Stavros Sindakis and Panagiotis Theodorou
1
Section A
Coopetition, Entrepreneurial Internationalization, and Business Development
Chapter 2: Effectuated Innovation Process in Entrepreneurial Firms: A Conceptual Model
Jacky F. L. Hong and Xi Zhao
11
Chapter 3: A Time Use Perspective on Entrepreneurial Initiatives in the Multinational Enterprise
Christopher Williams and Wendelien van Eerde
31
Chapter 4: Business Model Used in Companies Representing Creative Industries
Mieczysław Morawski
55
Chapter 5: Entrepreneurial SMEs Surviving in the Era of Globalization: Critical Success Factors
Hee Song Ng and Daisy Mui Hung Kee
75
Chapter 6: Hidden Champions from Small Catching-Up Country: Leveraging Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Capabilities and Global Networks
Monika Petraite and Vytaute Dlugoborskyte
91
Chapter 7: “Internet of Things” Firms and New Patterns of Internationalization
Valerio Veglio
123
Chapter 8: Coopetition through International Luxury Brand Licensing: Burberry in Japan
Kenichi Ohkita
143
Section B
Knowledge Flows and Coopetitive Entrepreneurship for Organizational Sustainability
Knowledge Dynamics and Flows for Organisational Performance
Chapter 9: Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics: Knowledge Creation and Management for Growth
Stavros Sindakis, Sakshi Aggarwal and Panagiotis Theodorou
165
Chapter 10: Managing Coopetition in Knowledge-based Industries
Frédéric Le Roy, Anne-Sophie Fernandez and Paul Chiambaretto
187
Chapter 11: Knowledge Dynamics and Resource Efficiency in International Business Relations
Francesco Rizzi, Chiara Pellegrini and Niccolò Todaro
199
Chapter 12: Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Leakage in Dyadic Coopetitive Alliances involving SMEs
Tatbeeq Raza-Ullah and Jessica Eriksson
229
Chapter 13: External Knowledge Sources and Knowledge Integration Mechanisms for Organizational Performance: Evidence from Italian SMEs
Daria Sarti
253
COOPETITIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH INNOVATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES
Chapter 14: Predicting Strategic Actions Across Industry Sectors: The Role of Intangible Dynamics
G. Scott Erickson and Helen N. Rothberg
275
Chapter 15: University–Industry Interface: Open and Dynamic Business Models to Reduce Spin-offs Risk of Failure
Angelo Corallo, Fabrizio Errico, Laura Fortunato, Maria Elena Latino and Marta Menegoli
295
Chapter 16: From Apps to Start-ups: Success Factors for New Entries in An Open Data Ecosystem
Fotis Kitsios and Maria Kamariotou
337
Chapter 17: Accelerating Innovation in the UAE: The 3i Framework
Alexandros Papaspyridis and Tatiana Zalan
355
Chapter 18: Mobile Phone Innovation and Technology-Driven Exports in Sub-Saharan Africa
Simplice A. Asongu
393
Chapter 19: Digital Food Hubs as Disruptive Business Models Based on Coopetition and “Shared Value” for Sustainability in the Agri-food Sector
Giaime Berti, Catherine Mulligan and Han Yap
415
Section C
Politics, Ecology, and Social Scopes on Coopetition and Growth
Chapter 20: World Trade Organization and Stimulating Innovation: An Outline Approach Towards Growth in the Chinese Market
Panagiotis Theodorou
441
Chapter 21: Sustainability and Knowledge Dynamics in Entrepreneurial Growth: Evidence from Internationalizing Finnish SMEs
Lasse Torkkeli, Maria Uzhegova, Hanna Salojärvi and Sami Saarenketo
453
Chapter 22: Building Green Growth and Entrepreneurship in the Pacific through Knowledge and Innovation
Evanthie Michalena
475
Chapter 23: Discussing Practical and Educational Challenges in Teaching Circular Economy
Helen Kopnina
507
Chapter 24: Conclusion
Stavros Sindakis and Panagiotis Theodorou
523
About the Contributors 529
Index 541

List of Tables

2.1 Coopetitive Innovation Process and Relevant Contextual Condition 17
2.2 Effectuated Innovation Process 23
3.1 Selected Mainstream Theory and MNE Entrepreneurial Initiatives 36
3.2 Dimensions of Time Use Relevant to MNE Entrepreneurial Initiatives 39
4.1 HRM vs. HCM 63
4.2 Researched Companies: Selected Empirical Findings 66
6.1 Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Capabilities, and Network Based Factors Explaining the Formation of Hidden Champion 102
6.2 Patterns of Hidden Champion Formation, as Based on the Entrepreneurial, Organizational, and Networking Capabilities 108
11.1 Summary of Soft Factors Affecting Knowledge Dynamics in CE 209
12.1 Discriminant Validity Assessment: Constructs, Indicators, and Reliabilities 242
12.2 Mean, Standard Deviations, and Correlations (Fornell-Larcker Criterion) 243
12.3 HTMT Ratio 244
12.4 Structural Model Results 245
13.1 Response Rate and Effective Rate 263
13.2 Mean, Standard Deviation, and Correlation among Variables 265
13.3 Regression Analysis 266
14.1 Intangibles Hierarchy 281
14.2 Intangible Metrics by Industry Sector Related to Laboratory Testing 284
15.1 Four Model of Business Ecosystems Theorized by Nambisan and Sawhney (2007) 304
15.2 Number of Spin-Offs and Related Department of University of Salento 307
15.3 Sample of Analysis 307
15.4 Methods of Survey 308
15.5 Results Coming from Data Analysis 311
15.6 National and Regional Resulting Needs 312
15.7 Dyads and Triads of Topic Words and Related Sentiment 317
15.8 Problems Identified 318
15.9 Key Points Considered by Business Model 319
15.10 Details of Questionnaire Section 323
17.1 Infrastructure Metrics 367
17.2 Innovation Metrics 374
17.3 Metrics (GEM 2016/2017 Global Report) 383
18.1 Mobile Phone Innovation and Technology Goods Exports 401
18.2 Mobile Phone Innovation and Technology Service Exports 403
21.1 Descriptives and Intercorrelations of the Variables Used in the Analysis 462
21.2 Results of Testing for Internationalization Propensity 462
21.3 Results for Testing for Performance of International SMEs 463
21.4 Results for Testing for Moderation Effects in Performance of International SMEs 464
21.5 Company Alpha Descriptives 467
22.1 Why Kiribati Can Cope with GG Challenge 491

List of Figures

3.1 Social Structure and Pursuit of Opportunity within an MNE Entrepreneurial Initiative 46
3.2 Integrating Time Use into Theory of MNE Entrepreneurial Initiative 47
4.1 BM in CIS 68
6.1 Internal Factors Leading to Hidden Champion Formation (MAXQDA, Evidence from 13 Cases) 105
6.2 Dynamic of Entrepreneurial, Network, Organization, and Strategy Based Factors Defining the Hidden Champion (MAXQDA, Evidence from 13 Cases) 106
6.3 Observed Patterns of R&D Intensive Entrepreneurial Born Global Firms 117
7.1 Main Foreign Markets 133
7.2 Percentage of Foreign Sales 134
7.3 Entry Strategies 135
9.1 Coopetition Model and Collaborative Relationship 168
9.2 Coopetition Framework and Knowledge-Based Innovation Outcomes 170
9.3 The Knowledge-Creating Framework in Coopetition Ecology (9Cs) 175
9.4 Knowledge Types and Management 181
10.1 A Framework to Manage Coopetition 194
11.1 Term Map Based on “Circular Economy” 207
12.1 Research Model 240
12.2 Hypothesized Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Leakage Interaction Plot (H2) 245
13.1 The External Knowledge Sources 259
13.2 The Research Framework: The Full-Mediation Effect of KIMs 262
13.3 Graphical Presentation of the Results: The Mediation Effect of KIMs 266
15.1 Research Methodology 305
15.2 Clustered Semantic Network 313
15.3 Polarized Semantic Network 316
15.4 The Proposed Framework 322
15.5 Application Methodology 324
15.6 Compiled Poster 325
15.7 Governance Framework of Business Ecosystem 326
17.1 Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) 359
17.2 KEI 2012: Benchmarking UAE 360
17.3 The 3i Innovation Framework 362
20.1 Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure (% of GDP) in China 444
20.2 Patent Applications (Both by Residents and Nonresidents) 446
20.3 Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (BoP, Current US$) 447

Appendices

Chapter 6
Appendix A: Pattern I – Global R&D Intensive Networker: Relations of Internal Factors 121
Appendix B: Pattern II – Superior Know-How Based Global Market Explorer: Relations of Internal Factors 121
Appendix C: Pattern III – Global R&D Intensive Innovator: Relations of Internal Factors 122
Appendix D: Pattern IV – Global Market-Oriented Value Creator: Relations of Internal Factors 122
Chapter 16
Table 16A1. Variables 347
Chapter 18
Appendix A: Definitions of Variables 408
Appendix B: Summary Statistics (2000–2012) 409
Appendix C: Correlation Matrix (Uniform Sample Size: 107) 409
Chapter 23
Appendix A: Climatex 521
Appendix B: Edible Spoons 522

Emerald Books in Advanced Strategies in Entrepreneurship, Education, and Growth (E-Triangle)

Entrepreneurship, education, and ecology are three terms/concepts that are connected, combined, and interact strongly with one another. The expanded access to knowledge creates great academic and professional opportunities for those involved with it, and the existing strategies at various scientific levels improve or lead us to the formulation of new methods and applications.

The internationalization of education and the continuing education of young and older people throughout the free world, help improve efforts in finding applications, creation and sharing of knowledge in many scientific fields. The dynamics of knowledge in the creation, implementation, and sharing of this may bring benefits to education itself. The enrichment of the cognitive content has an impact on various scientific fields, but particularly those of interest at different times. As a result, strategies configured for the appropriate implementation and carrying out of planned ventures must be embraced by the academic literature. Two of the fields that interact through the rapid and rampant development of education are entrepreneurship and ecology. First of all, the development of entrepreneurship in recent decades, and the varying initiatives in innovation and technology by private and public entities require an ongoing involvement of people from the business world and academia. Entrepreneurship is created and preserved by individuals who assume the major risks regarding equity, time and/or career commitment or provide value for some product or service. The product or service may or may not be new or unique, but the entrepreneur must somehow infuse value by receiving and locating the necessary skills and resources efficiently and effectively. Considering the above, the role of education affects the entrepreneurial development because it provides entrepreneurs and theorists on entrepreneurship the proper data and material in order to proceed further in their business or theoretical ventures. Also, the field of entrepreneurship is affected by the ecological processes. The business activities and operations are resolutely adjusted to new situations, and enterprises are required to invest in new technologies and innovations so as to ensure adequate environmental sustainability under state supervision and legal restrictions. Global ­environmental change science is, therefore, a highly multidisciplinary effort, involving physical scientists who study climate, the oceans, the ­atmosphere, and geology, as well as biologists investigating physiology, ­evolution, and ­ecology.

Overall, this book series attempts to assess how, why and when knowledge and innovative strategies on the E-Triangle can enable, capture and identify critical success and failure factors in operating entrepreneurial procedures, detecting educational impacts on the business and environmental field, and designing ecological sustainability and preventing ecological damage respectively. In conclusion, as many countries, organizations, and individuals have adopted entrepreneurial, educational and ecological sensitivities for further improvement in the modern era, it is commonly observed that the E-Triangle is synthesised by multilateral interactions based on this E-multi-concept. In conclusion, the need for interpretation and accurate depiction of this triangular relationship, carry an additional need which requires the presentation of new strategies. These must cultivate and deliver future sustainable practices for a smooth coexistence and interaction between the E-Triangle terms.

Global Opportunities for Entrepreneurial Growthas a part of the E-Triangle book series

This new publication aims at investigating, comparing, and contrasting theoretical and practical elements of business concepts and models which are acclimated to the dynamic changes of our modern era. This work is based on fundamental pillars which develop and characterize the evolving procedures within the business framework by describing and analyzing the current cooperative interactions among businesses. It also intends to explain the ways by which firms utilize their skills in knowledge management.

These are among the key questions framing policy and strategic decision-making at firm, industry, national, and regional levels. Contributions from researchers and practitioners in a wide variety of fields will connect and relate the relationships and inter-dependencies among (1) Innovation and Entrepreneurship, (2) Knowledge Management and Learning, (3) Organizational Sustainability and Growth, (4) Politics and Regulation, and (5) Economic, Technological and Social Development. We will consider whether innovation is demonstrated differently across sectors (e.g., health, education, technology) and disciplines (e.g., social sciences, physical sciences), with an emphasis on discovering emerging patterns, factors, triggers, catalysts, and accelerators to innovation, and their impact on future research, practice, and policy.

The chapters should offer various views on how knowledge, innovation and coopetition create opportunities for growth as well as how the forces of the business environment influence the strategic plans and prospects of firms, illustrating the importance of learning for organizational intelligence and entrepreneurial competitiveness.

Stavros Sindakis

Book Series Editor

List of Contributors

Dr Stavros Sindakis (Editor)

American University in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Panagiotis Theodorou (Editor)

Institute of Strategies, Entrepreneurship, and Education for Growth (iSEEG), Paphos, Cyprus

Sakshi Aggarwal Institute of Strategy, Entrepreneurship and Education for Growth, Paphos, Cyprus
Simplice A. Asongu African Governance and Development Institute, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Giaime Berti School of Economics and Management, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Paul Chiambaretto Montpellier Business School and Ecole Polytechnique, Montpellier, France
Angelo Corallo Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Vytaute Dlugoborskyte Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
G. Scott Erickson Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
Fabrizio Errico Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Jessica Eriksson Umeå School of Business and Economics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Anne-Sophie Fernandez University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Laura Fortunato Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Jacky F. L. Hong Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
Maria Kamariotou University of Macedonia, Greece
Daisy Mui Hung Kee Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Fotis Kitsios Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
Helen Kopnina Institute of Cultural Anthropology and Development Sociology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and The Hague University of Applied Science (HHS), The Hague, The Netherlands
Maria Elena Latino Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Frederic Le Roy University of Montpellier and Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France
Marta Menegoli Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Evanthie Μichalena Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
Mieczysław Morawski Wrocław University of Economics, Wrocław, Poland
Catherine Mulligan Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK
Hee Song Ng KDU Penang University College, George Town,  Malaysia
Kenichi Ohkita Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
Alexandros Papaspyridis Microsoft Mobile Device Sales, Microsoft, Singapore
Chiara Pellegrini Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
Monika Petraite Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
Tatbeeq Raza-Ullah Umeå School of Business and Economics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Francesco Rizzi Department of Economics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy and Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
Helen N. Rothberg School of Management, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
Sami Saarenketo School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
Hanna Salojärvi School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
Daria Sarti University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Niccolò Todaro Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
Lasse Torkkeli School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
Maria Uzhegova School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
Wendelien van Eerde University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Valerio Veglio Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
Christopher Williams Durham University Business School, UK
Wen Han Yap Royal College of Art, London, UK
Tatiana Zalan American University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Xi Zhao Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
Prelims
Introduction
Section A Coopetition, Entrepreneurial Internationalization, and Busines Development
Effectuated Innovation Process in Entrepreneurial Firms: A Conceptual Model
A Time Use Perspective on Entrepreneurial Initiatives in the Multinational Enterprise
Business Model Used in Companies Representing Creative Industries
Entrepreneurial SMEs Surviving in the Era of Globalisation: Critical Success Factors
Hidden Champions from a Small Catching up Country: Leveraging Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Capabilities and Global Networks
“Internet of Things” Firms and New Patterns of Internationalization
Coopetition through International Luxury Brand Licensing: Burberry in Japan
Section B Knowledge Flows and Coopetitive Entrepreneurship for Organizational Sustainability
Knowledge Dynamics and Flows for Organizational Performance
Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics: Knowledge Creation and Management for Growth
Managing Coopetition in Knowledge-based Industries
Knowledge Dynamics and Resource Efficiency in International Business Relations
Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Leakage in Dyadic Coopetitive Alliances involving SMEs
External Knowledge Sources and Knowledge Integration Mechanisms for Organizational Performance: Evidence from Italian SMEs
Coopetitive Entrepreneurship Through Innovative and Technological Strategies
Predicting Strategic Actions Across Industry Sectors: The Role of Intangible Dynamics
University-Industry Interface: Open and Dynamic Business Models to Reduce Spin-offs Risk of Failure
From Apps to Start-ups: Success Factors for New Entries in Open Data Ecosystem
Accelerating Innovation in the UAE: The 3i Framework
Mobile Phone Innovation and Technology-driven Exports in Sub-Saharan Africa
Digital Food Hubs as Disruptive Business Models Based on Coopetition and “Shared Value” for Sustainability in the Agri-food Sector
Section C Politics, Ecology, and Social Scopes on Coopetition and Growth
World Trade Organisation and Stimulating Innovation: An Outline Approach Towards Growth in the Chinese Market
Sustainability and Knowledge Dynamics in Entrepreneurial Growth: Evidence from Internationalizing Finnish SMEs
Building Green Growth and Entrepreneurship in the Pacific through Knowledge and Innovation
Discussing Practical and Educational Challenges in Teaching Circular Economy
Conclusion
About the Contributors
Index