Aboriginal homeland communities

, 45

Aboriginal Land Rights Act (ALRA)

, 38, 44

ABS. See Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

Academia Mechanism

, 206

Accra, Ghana

, 112

See also Oil accidents

Accumulation by dispossession

, 2, 37, 50, 125

concept

, 13

in Harvey

, 15–17

Luxemburg’s contribution

, 14–15

Marx’s analysis of original (primitive) accumulation

, 13–14

McArthur River Mine (MRM)

, 51–52

and reprimarization

, 26–29

Accumulation of Capital, The

, 14–15

Acid rock drainage

, 20–21

Adjusted Net Savings (ANS)

, 4, 75–76, 80–81

Africa

African Development Bank (2018) (AfDB)

, 87

African Economic Outlook

, 87

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

, 88

China resource concessions

, 88

Chinese financial geopolitics

, 88

colonial and post-colonial development

, 149

commodity export values

, 84

commodity prices

, 87

commodity prices index

, 83

creditor imperialism

, 89

current account balance

, 86

debt crisis

, 89

“dissaving”

, 83

Economist, The (2014)

, 88

Economist Intelligence Unit (2017)

, 87

family farmers in

, 199

financial liability

, 89

foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 86

hard-currency investments

, 87

illicit financial flows

, 87

imports and exports, prices and volumes of

, 83–84

“Least Developed Countries” (LDCs)

, 84–86

neo-colonial arrangements

, 89

overseas development aid (ODA)

, 86

private investors

, 87–88

unsustainable current account deficits

, 87

African−American activists in 1982

, 172–173

African Development Bank (2018) (AfDB)

, 87

African Economic Outlook

, 87

Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)

, 197

Agricultural intensification

, 204

AGRITEX (Agricultural Technical and Extension Services of the Ministry of Agriculture in Zimbabwe)

, 159

Air pollution

, 127

Allied Oil

, 129

ALRA. See Aboriginal Land Rights Act (ALRA)

Anacé territory, threats and recapture of

Brazilian territory, occupation

, 183

conflicts

, 182

“difficult” soils

, 183

ethnic and territorial integrity

, 183

indigenous territory

, 182

industrial installations

, 183

lands self-determination

, 182

public and private operations

, 182

quality of life

, 183–184

socioenvironmental impacts

, 183–184

Anglo-Swiss mining transnational Xstrata PLC

, 39

Another World is Possible − If

, 102

ANS. See Adjusted Net Savings (ANS)

Anti-mining struggles

, 18

Anti-Politics Machine, The

, 150

Anti-Systemic Movements

, 101

AoA. See Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)

Art

and resistance in Gulf country

, 58–64

and social change

, 56–58

Atlas of Environmental Justice

, 24

Atomic Junction, Accra, Ghana

, 112

See also Oil accidents

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

, 37

Australian settler colonialism

, 43, 50–51

Bank and Conservation International

, 81

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

, 88

Biodiversity and conservation

, 78

Biofuel investment

, 132

Biological oxygen demand (BOD)

, 127

Birds of prey

, 60–61

Brazil, India, Russia, China and South Africa (BRICS)

, 75, 92

Brazilian Cooperation Program for the Agricultural Development of the cerrados (PRODECER)

, 201

BRI. See Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

BRICS. See Brazil, India, Russia, China and South Africa (BRICS)

British Petroleum

, 124

Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation Company (BOST)

, 130

Business friendly laws

, 163

Capitalism

, 14, 44, 150

Capitalist economy

, 91

Capitalist mining

, 18

Capitalist systems

, 113

Carbon trading and offsetting

, 78

Cash crops for biofuels

, 201

Castanhão reservoir

, 181

CCPL. See Community of Countries of Portuguese Language (CCPL)

Central Forest Reserves

, 163

Changing Wealth of Nations, The (2018)

, 74–75, 80, 89

Chemical oxygen demand (COD)

, 127

Chimurenga (liberation) wars

, 152

China resource concessions

, 88

Chinese financial geopolitics

, 88

Chinese financing and equipment supply

, 92

CIPP, industrial shipping complex

, 175–177

environmental injustice and environmental racism in

, 178–181

principal socioenvironmental damage related to installations

, 179–181

Circuit of Capital approach

, 116

Civil Society Mechanism

, 206

Class-forming, continental and international

, 101

Classical political economy

, 15–16

Clean Development Mechanism

, 78

Climate catastrophe

, 89–93

Climate offset financing schemes

, 78

Climate-smart agriculture

, 203

CMB. See Cotton Marketing Board (CMB)

Colonialism

, 44

Colonizers

, 44

Commodification

of nature

, 79

and privatization of land

, 16

Commodity export values

, 84

Commodity prices

, 87

Commodity prices index

, 83

Common Code for the Coffee Community

, 200

Community of Countries of Portuguese Language (CCPL)

, 7, 195–196

action-oriented policy instrument

, 205–206

aims

, 206

CFSN-CCPL

, 206

direct participation and concerted action

, 207

legal and institutional frameworks

, 207

multistakeholder participation in

, 206

public investments in family agriculture

, 207

Conceptualized structural violence

, 147–148

Contested land rights

, 44–46

Conventional farming

, 193

Core implementing country

, 81–82

Corporate social responsibility myth, MRM

, 52–56

Borroloola Community Development Planning Study

, 53

commitments to Indigenous employment

, 55

community benefits trust (CBT)

, 54

Community Reference Group

, 53–54

community relations

, 54

environmental damage

, 54

“frontier homicide”

, 56

Gudanji, Garawa, Marra, and Yanyuwa peoples

, 53, 55–56

Indigenous decision-making processes

, 53

mining companies

, 52–53

private capital accumulation

, 55

social licence to operate

, 53, 55

“summary liquidation of Indigenous people”

, 56

Xstrata

, 53–54

Cotton cultivation, MZP

, 160

Cotton Marketing Board (CMB)

, 155

Council of Food and Nutrition Security of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CFNS-CCPL)

, 206

Countervailing power

, 101

Countervisualization

, 57

Creative arts, resistance movements

, 56

Creditor imperialism

, 89

Current account balance

, 86

Debt

crisis

, 89

ecological

, 79

Deception

, 16

Decolonization

, 45

Deforestation

, 163

Deglobalization

, 102

Delinking

, 102

Desecrating the Rainbow Serpent

, 58

Destruction of our Bush Tucker

, 59–60

Deterritorialization

, 7

Development

, 148–149

Diamond revenue

, 100

Disaster capitalism

, 116

Dispossession, mega-mining

, 18

“Dissaving”

, 83

Distributional environmental conflicts

, 174

Dodd-Frank Act

, 123

Dreamings

, 41–42

Drilling

, 126

Driving resource conflicts

, 148

“Dutch Disease” economic skews

, 74

Earth Democracy

, 102

Ecological debt

, 79

Ecological-economic narratives

African, unequal ecological exchange

, 93–99

African resource extraction and

, 74–75

Africa’s natural capital depletion

, 80–81

Africa’s renewed economic crisis

, 83–89

climate catastrophe

, 89–93

natural capital and resistance

, 99–103

stress

, 74

World Bank’s partial environmental accounting

, 75–80

Zambia’s natural capital depletion

, 81–83

Ecological ethnicity

, 173

Ecological modernization strategies

, 4, 74, 79

Economic men and women

, 150

Economic Partnership Agreement

, 198

Economic Recovery Program

, 163

Economic structural adjustment

, 151, 154, 157, 165

Economist, The (2014)

, 88

Economist Intelligence Unit (2017)

, 87

Eco-socialism

, 103

Enclosure movement

, 14

Encountering development

, 149–150

Energy Crisis: World Struggle for Power and Wealth, The

, 124

Engineering of protest management and social conflict

, 26

Ente Nazionale Idrcarburi (ENI)

, 116, 121

Environmental accident

, 114

Environmental Assessment Act 1982

, 47

Environmental conflicts

, 174–175

sociospatial context of

, 177–178

Environmental damage

, 178

Environmental Defenders Office (EDO)

, 47

Environmental inequality

, 173–174

market

, 174

neutralization of potential critics

, 174

organized disinformation

, 174

public policy

, 174

Environmental injustice in Northeast Brazil

Anacé territory, threats and “recapture” of

, 182–184

CIPP

, 175–177

environmental conflict

, 177–178

and environmental racism in CIPP

, 178–181

socioenvironmental damage

, 172–175

Environmental justice

, 172–175

movements

, 102

Environmental policy recommendations

, 76–77

Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)

, 47

Environmental Racism

, 172

Environment impact, agricultural activity

, 202–205

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC)

, 46–47

EPAs. See European Partnership Agreements (EPAs)

“Ethical coffee” designation

, 200

EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)

, 198

European Partnership Agreements (EPAs)

, 198

Expanded reproduction

, 13

Export Processing Zone

, 176

Expropriation, mega-mining and

, 21–23

Extractive industries

, 78, 93, 95–96

Extractivism, critiques

, 74

Exxon

, 124

Facilitative state and environmental legislation

, 46–50

Fair trade

, 199–200

Family farmers in Africa

, 199

Family farming

, 206

biofuels producers

, 194–195

Community of Countries of Portuguese Language (CCPL)

, 195–196

conventional farming

, 193

emergence

, 193

FAO definition

, 194

farm size

, 193

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

, 193

genetic diversity

, 205

role

, 194

“too big to feed”

, 191

urban agriculture

, 194

Financial flows to offshore sites

, 74

Financialization of nature

, 78

“Fly In Fuck Off”

, 60–61

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

, 193

Food and Nutrition Security Council

, 206

Food trade

, 193

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 75, 80, 86

Fossil-based capitalism

, 114

Fossil-centric mega-projects

, 92

Garawa people

, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 62, 64–65

GDP. See Gross domestic product (GDP)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

, 197

Ghana

, 112

accidents and environmental pollution

, 127

companies in

, 121

downstream oil marketing companies

, 122

offshore concessions

, 120

oil accidents

, 126

petroleum industry in

, 112, 119

See also Oil accidents

Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC)

, 117–118

Giga-mining

, 19

Giga-tons of carbon (GtC)

, 204

GIP

, 123

Glencore

, 49

Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture

, 203

Global climate governance

, 90

Global food chain

corporations emergence

, 191

deterritorialization

, 192

dismantling import taxes

, 191

family farming

, 193

flora and fauna protection

, 192

global hunger

, 192

national economic development policies

, 191

neoliberal economic policies

, 191

process of globalization

, 193

synthetic agricultural products

, 191

transnational food production

, 193

Washington consensus policies

, 191–192

Global mining exploration

, 18

Global wealth by type of asset

, 75–76

GMB. See Grain Marketing Board (GMB)

GOIL

, 122, 129

Grain Marketing Board (GMB)

, 154–155

Green Economy

, 81

Green Fuel

, 161

Green Resources

, 152, 164–165

Green structural transformation

, 151

Grilagem

, 203

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 75, 149, 156

Gross National Income (GNI)

, 79

Growth machine

, 133

Gudanji people

, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 62, 64–65

Gulf

, 124

Gulf of Carpentaria, contested values

, 38

Aboriginal Land Rights Act (ALRA)

, 38

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

, 37

environmental problems record

, 39–41

Glencore’s McArthur River Mine

, 38–39

gulf region, indigenous life projects

, 41–43

“homeland” communities

, 38

traditional Aboriginal owners

, 38

Hapanasadza

, 154

Hard-currency investments

, 87

Hard-currency payments

, 82

Homeland communities

, 38

Human Right to Adequate Food and Nutrition

, 205–206

Illegal encroaching

, 164

Illicit financial flows

, 87

Imports and exports, prices and volumes of

, 84

Inadequate climate adaptation

, 79–80

Independence movements

, 45

Indigenous community-controlled organizations

, 44–45

Indigenous people, for portraits

, 62–64

Industrial agriculture, global food chain

, 200–202

Industrial installations, mega-mining

, 18

Industrial plantation forestry

, 151

Industrial siting

, 116

“Intangible aspects of social life”

, 41

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

, 202

International development project

, 149

International environmental debate

, 79

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

, 82, 149–150, 157

International Panel on Climate Change

, 184

International Trade and Investment Agreements

, 196–198

International trade framework

, 197

Jevons Paradox

, 133

Jubilee debt relief movement

, 100

Jubilee Field

, 119–120

Judicial activism

, 24–25

Junggayi

, 58

Kosmos–ExxonMobil transaction

, 123

Land pollution

, 128

Least Developed Countries (LDCs)

, 84–86

Legality

, 17

Legislative harmonization

, 199

Liberal democracies

, 52

Living entity

, 41

Logic of elimination

, 51

“Lollies”

, 60

Low mineral grade deposits

, 19

Lusiad, The

, 146

Marine Pollution Act

, 130

Marine Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations

, 130

“Maritime Silk Road” investments

, 92

Market-based schemes

, 78

Marra people

, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 62, 64–65

Marx’s analysis of original (primitive) accumulation

, 13–14

McArthur River Mine (MRM)

, 38–39

accumulation by dispossession

, 51–52

Australian settler colonialism

, 43, 50–51

contested land rights

, 44–46

corporate social responsibility myth

, 52–56

facilitative state and environmental legislation

, 46–50

first wave of colonization

, 44

Mt Isa Mines (MIM)

, 38–39

rainbow serpent

, 42–43

site

, 58–59

Mega-minería

, 19

Mega-mining

, 2–3, 17–21

accumulation mechanism

, 18

anti-mining struggles

, 18

capitalist mining

, 18

dispossession

, 18

and expropriation

, 21–23

extractive activities

, 17–18

global mining exploration

, 18

impacts

, 20–21

industrial installations

, 18

“low mineral grade“ deposits

, 19

mining codes

, 17

mining supercycle

, 18

and social conflict

, 23–26

waste rock

, 19

waste-to-ore-ratio

, 19

Mega-mining space

, 21, 24, 27

Mesoamerican Movement

, 25

Methodology of accident research

, 114

Microeconomic approach

, 79

Mid-Zambesi Valley Development Project (MZP)

, 158–161

Militant particularisms

, 74–75

Mine blockage

, 25

Minggirringi

, 58

Mining codes

, 17

Mining company

, 59–60

Mining Extractive Model (M4)

, 25

Mining supercycle

, 18, 27

Mirador and Panantza - San Carlos copper megaprojects

, 22

Mobil

, 124

Movenpinaa Energy

, 130

MRM. See McArthur River Mine (MRM)

Mt Isa Mines (MIM)

, 38–39

Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI)

, 198

MZP. See Mid-Zambesi Valley Development Project (MZP)

National Association of Professional Environmentalists

, 92

National Disaster Management Organization

, 130

National Forestry and Tree Planting Act 2003

, 164

National Forestry Authority (NFA)

, 163

National Forestry Policy 2001

, 164

Nationalization

, 132

National Oil Spillage Contingency Plan

, 130

National Oil Spill Response Dispersant

, 130

National Petroleum Authority

, 131

Native Title Act

, 46

Natural capital

, 4, 78, 80, 103

Natural capital accounting

, 75, 77, 90

Natural capital’s depletion

, 100

Nature − human relationships

, 50–51

Negotiated agreements

, 52

Neo-colonial arrangements

, 89

Neoliberal international trade framework

, 199

Neoliberal mining codes

, 26

Neoliberal policy

, 82

Neopatrimonialism

, 131

Networks of relatedness

, 41

New Imperialism, The

, 13, 15

Non-capitalist exploitation

, 7

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

, 78

Nonrenewable resource depletion

, 75

“Non-spectacular” structural violence

, 147

Northern Land Council (NLC)

, 45

Oceanic degradation and acidification

, 79

Ocean pollution

, 128

Official mining assets

, 22

Offshore Petroleum Regulations

, 130

Oil accidents

, 113–117

alternatives

, 132–136

environmental costs of accumulation

, 125–127

causes and impacts

, 127–130

policies

, 130–132

Niger Delta area

, 112

Oil industry in Ghana

history

, 117–119

structure

, 119–125

Oil system

, 114–115

“Open Cut” exhibition

, 64

Ore-derived lead

, 39–40

Organizational rationality

, 116

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

, 198

Original (primitive) accumulation

, 13–14

Outright pillaging

, 14

Overseas development aid (ODA)

, 86

Ownership and Control of Oil (book)

, 118

Paris Climate Agreement of 2015

, 91

Payment for Eco-System Services

, 74

Peace, property and equality

, 15

Pecém Industrial and Shipping Complex Business Association (AECIP)

, 176

Petrobras

, 176–177

Petroleum accidents. See Oil accidents

PetroSA

, 121

“Pink Tide” neo-extractivism

, 103

Place-based microstruggles

, 74–75

Political-ecological solidarity

, 100

Political resistance through self-expression

, 57

Post-colonial and post-Independence national projects

, 150

Post-neoliberal era

, 26

Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission (PICC) project

, 92

Priority accounts

, 82

Private capitalists

, 16

Private food certification systems

, 200

Private Sector Mechanism

, 206

PRODECER programs

, 201–202

Property-based capitalism

, 116

ProSavana programs

, 202

Public choice theory

, 131

Public Land Act

, 164

Public transportation

, 133

Rainbow serpent

, 42–43, 58

Rapid biodiversity loss

, 79

Re-afforestation efforts

, 163

Reducing Emissions through Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) projects

, 78

Regional Strategy on Food and Nutrition Security of the CCPL

, 205–206

Regulatory cooperation mechanisms

, 200

Renewed economic crisis, Africa. See Africa

Reprimarization

, 3

consequences for environment

, 27–29

and environment

, 29

future exploitation

, 27

“investment climate”

, 27

mega-mining interests

, 26

“mining super-cycle”

, 27

Resistance

, 52, 56–64

“Resource Curse” analytic framework

, 74, 116

Sabre Oil and Gas

, 121

Saltwater people

, 41

Sankofa-GyeNyame

, 119

Sargassum

, 128

“Second contradiction of capitalism”

, 26

“Secret of Primitive Accumulation, The”

, 13–14

Seed agribusiness activity

, 204

Self-determination

, 37, 44

Settler colonialism in Australia

, 50–51

“Seven Sisters”

, 123–124

Shell

, 121, 124

Shell Ghana

, 129

Silent spill

, 132

Small-scale mining communities

, 14

Social conflict, mega-mining and

, 23–26

Social inequalities

, 156, 174

Social License to Operate

, 26

Social suffering

conceptualizing

, 148–149

moral barometer

, 148

social inequality, frontlines

, 148

See also Violence

Socioenvironmental damage

, 178

Southern African Development Community (SADC)

, 198

Spatial environmental conflicts

, 174

“Spatiotemporal fixes”

, 17

Standard Oil Company

, 124

State-marketing system

, 154

State of Agricultural Commodity Markets

, 192

Stranded assets concept

, 90

Strict economic interpretation

, 15

“Strict interdependence”

, 171

Structural and slow violence

, 148

Structural violence

, 146–149, 151, 154, 157, 161, 164

Subcommercial Saltpond Field

, 119

Subterranean water sources, exploitation

, 181

Sustainability

, 79

Sustainable development

, 75–76

Sustainable intensification

, 203–204

Synthetic fertilizers production

, 203

Systems of oil

, 114–115

Tailings dams

, 21

Tailings storage facility (TSF)

, 39

Tangible economic activities

, 41

Taylorist scientific management

, 122

Tema Oil Refinery (TOR)

, 121

Territorial environmental conflicts

, 174

Texaco

, 124

TNCs. See Transnational corporations (TNCs)

TNC−TNC co-operation

, 123

Toromocho megaproject

, 22

Total dissolved solids (TDS)

, 127

Total Petroleum

, 129

Toward a Steady State Economy (1973)

, 75

Toxic pollution, mega-mining

, 21

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

, 198

Traditional Aboriginal owners

, 38

Traditional and indigenous communities

, 181

Transnational capital into industrial plantation forestry

, 161–163

Transnational corporations (TNCs)

, 12, 14, 20, 22–23

broader socioecological interests

, 74

business strategies

, 191

direct investment

, 192

food trade

, 193

global food chain

, 209

market entry

, 191

McArthur River Mine (MRM)

, 50–56

neoliberalism and the domination of

, 196–202

structuring violence

, 147

Transnational corporation (TNC)-led oil investments

, 112, 116, 136

Transnational economic schemes

, 151

Transnational mega-mining

, 15

Trespassing

, 164

“Trickle down” effect

, 149

Tullow

, 121

Tullow Ghana Ltd

, 119

Tweneboa-Enyenra-Ntomme field

, 119

Uganda, industrial plantation forestry in

, 161–163

Unburnable carbon

, 90

Unequal ecological exchange

, 5

African Mining Vision (AMV)

, 96

Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset (ACLED)

, 97

“Blockadia” mapping

, 98–99

Dodd-Frank legislation

, 95

Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)

, 94

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

, 95

Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)

, 96

illicit financial flows

, 94

information asymmetries

, 93

intellectual credibility

, 93

interconnected ‘contagion’ of dissent

, 96–97

liberal commitment to transparency

, 94

“misinvoicing”

, 95

non-renewable wealth

, 93

organic community protests

, 97

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

, 94

Panama Papers in 2016

, 95

Paradise Papers in 2017

, 95

“Publish What You Pay” (PWYP) network

, 93

Resource Curse

, 94

resource extraction and conflict

, 97–98

“riots and protests” in Africa

, 97

unequal development

, 93

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

, 193

Unrepayable loans

, 100

Unrestricted private conquest

, 51

Unsustainable current account deficits

, 87

US−Africa Energy Association

, 120

US Environmental Protection Agency

, 20

Violence

accumulation of capital through dispossession

, 23

physical and symbolic

, 16

and suffering

conceptual framework

, 147–148

development, violence and suffering

, 149–150

industrial plantation forestry

, 161–164

land delivers social suffering, privatization

, 164–165

Mid-Zambesi Valley Development Project (MZP)

, 158–161

research methods

, 151–152

social suffering

, 148–149

See also Zimbabwe, structural adjustment

Violent transformation

, 14

Wangagala

, 41

Waste rock

, 19, 39

Waste-to-ore-ratio

, 19

“Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services” (WAVES) project

, 77–78

“Weapons of the colonizer”

, 45

World Bank’s partial environmental accounting

“Adjusted Net Savings” (ANS)

, 75–76

carbon trading and offsetting

, 78

Changing Wealth of Nations 2018, The

, 75

climate offset financing schemes

, 78

commodification of nature

, 79

ecological debt

, 79

ecological modernization

, 79

environmental policy recommendations

, 76–77

global wealth by type of asset

, 75–76

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

, 75

Gross National Income (GNI)

, 79

inadequate climate adaptation

, 79–80

market-based schemes

, 78

microeconomic approach

, 79

microprotests

, 78

natural capital

, 78, 80

natural capital accounting

, 77

neoliberal nature

, 77

oceanic degradation and acidification

, 79

rapid biodiversity loss

, 79

sustainability

, 79

sustainable development

, 75–76

Toward a Steady State Economy (1973)

, 75

“Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services” (WAVES) project

, 77–78

“Zero Day” for residential water access

, 80

World Bank WAVES (2017)

, 82

World Food Program

, 206

World Trade Organization

, 133

Zambezi Valley

, 151

ZANU-PF (Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front)

, 154

“Zero Day” for residential water access

, 80

Zimbabwe, structural adjustment

and development

, 152–154

making of suffering

, 157–158

Mid-Zambesi Valley Development Project (MZP)

, 158–161

and violence

, 154–157