CBA. See Computer-based assessment (CBA)
Change over time
, 8, 96
leadership and team needs
, 104
forming
, 104–110
midpoint transitions
, 118
norming
, 111–114
performing
, 114–118
storming
, 110–111
See also Team trust over time
Chronic stress
, 159, 161, 170
CI. See Collaborative interactions (CI)
Circadian misalignment
, 160, 161
“Circuit Runner” game
, 65
Circumplex model
, 174, 175
Coding behavioral patterns
, 62
Cognitive
domain
, 56–57
footprint
, 232
motives
, 309
process models
, 55–56, 232
skills
, 66–67
trust
, 127, 129
Cohesion
, 113, 156, 162, 174, 232, 262
cohesive processes
, 271
combining multilevel and temporal frameworks in context of
, 269–271
conceptualizing
, 262–263
different dimensions of cohesion at different points
, 268–269
team development and
, 264–266
Collaboration
, 54, 55–56, 67, 215, 247
behaviors
, 61
effective
, 64
integrative model of teamwork and
, 245
processes over time
, 55
productive
, 59
strand
, 58
team
, 31
Collaborative
data
, 53
task
, 54
Team Problem Model
, 193
Collaborative interactions (CI)
, 53, 66–67, 309
Collaborative problem-solving (CPS)
, 52, 54, 191, 246–247
conceptual frameworks for CPS dynamics
, 55–59, 60
data and log files
, 53–55
data-mining approaches
, 52–53
methodological advances for time-stamped CPS data
, 59, 61–68
and MITM
, 191–195
Collective emotional intelligence
, 13, 15–16
Communication
, 61, 167–169, 234, 246–247, 272
modalities
, 299
networks
, 299
Component team(s)
, 291, 294–295, 299
goals
, 290
interdependence
, 319
numbers
, 296–297
Composite capability
, 57–58
Composition decisions
, 17
Compositional attributes
, 295–296
influences of compositional attributes
, 297
and temporality
, 298
Computer-based assessment (CBA)
, 61, 65
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)
, 55, 57
Conceptual frameworks for CPS dynamics
, 55–59, 60
Conceptualization of team trust
, 128
Conflict
, 136–137
management
, 110, 249, 266
resolution
, 249
Conscientious individuals
, 6
Construction clarification
, 30
Content analysis
, 235, 276
examining verbal content
, 237, 238
LIWC program
, 236
Context
, 7, 250
multilevel and temporal frameworks in context of cohesion
, 269–271
role of
, 223–224
Coordinated behavior
, 249
Coordination
, 112, 171, 239, 241–242, 246–247, 318
behavioral
, 191
of cognitive and social skills
, 56
components
, 250
criticality of
, 309
effective
, 112
team
, 9
verbal and non-verbal acts of social
, 76
Countermeasure development
, 156, 161, 170
CPS. See Collaborative problem-solving (CPS)
Creativity
, 9, 211, 221–222
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
, 220, 234
Cross-boundary MTSs
, 296–297
Cross-cutting capabilities domain
, 57–58
Cross-lagged effects
, 146, 147
CSCL. See Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)
Culture
, 210
influence on team dynamics
, 210
context role
, 223–224
cultural diversity benefits to teams
, 221–222
culture in team development
, 212–221
exploring cultural values beyond Hofstede’s dimensions
, 224
future research
, 222–223
multicultural teams
, 210–211
team types
, 212
within selection and training systems
, 224–225
Data
, 53
cubes
, 74, 75, 86
methodological advances for time-stamped CPS data
, 59, 61–68
outcome data
, 54–55
process data
, 53–54
Data-mining
approaches
, 52–53
technique
, 63, 64–65
Decision support system
, 18
Deep-level composition
, 5, 15–16
effects
, 5
factors or group-living habits
, 164
variables
, 16
Demographic
characteristics
, 210, 295
variables
, 5, 163
Developmental attributes
, 295–296, 300
influences of
, 301
and temporality
, 301–302
See also Compositional attributes; Linkage attributes
Differential item functioning (DIF)
, 62
Differential test functioning (DTF)
, 62
Differentiation
, 138–140, 304–305, 308, 318
degree of
, 305
key factors of multiteam system
, 306
skill
, 223
social-psychological consequences
, 305, 308
social-psychological consequences of
, 305, 308–309
from stress research
, 38
structural feature
, 304
Dimensionality problem
, 74
Dimensions of cohesion
, 263, 264, 265, 268, 279
Disruptions over time, MTS adaptation to changes and
, 313–315
Disruptive forces
, 303, 305, 311, 313, 319
Distinction of adaptation
, 32
Divergence index interpretation
, 58
Diverse teams
, 10, 216, 221
abundance of culturally
, 212, 217
teamwork
, 220
“Dominant rhythm”
, 294–295, 312, 313, 319, 320
DTF. See Differential test functioning (DTF)
Duration, adaptation
, 37–39
Dynamic(s)
capturing MTS dynamics over time
, 316
longitudinal studies
, 316–317
qualitative and quantitative approaches
, 317
social network analysis
, 317
composition
, 8–12
conceptual frameworks for CPS
, 55–59, 60
environments
, 292
model
, 265–266
Dynamism
, 303, 304, 305
key factors of multiteam system dynamism
, 307
social-psychological consequences of
, 305, 308–309
Educational assessments
, 52, 65
Educational technologies
, 67
Educational testing service (ETS)
, 52–53
CPS framework
, 55–56, 57
ETS CPS science simulation
, 63–64
framework
, 57, 58
Electroencephalography (EEG)
, 73–74, 78, 88
Data Collection during Healthcare Simulation Training
, 78
power
, 74, 77, 78–79
source separation for map task performance
, 87
waves in neural systems
, 78
Emergence of team cohesion
, 266, 282
Emergency
response multiteam system
, 289
response system
, 293, 310
Emergent properties over time
, 5, 7, 12–16
Emergent states
, 33, 44–45, 132, 223, 279
dynamic
, 143
shaping
, 303
of team psychological safety and transactive memory systems
, 107
Emotional functioning
, 236
Emotional instability
, 166
Empirical research
, 5, 10, 16, 18, 40, 159, 211
“Episodes”
, 312
I-P-O
, 101
performance
, 12, 125, 143, 291, 312
ESA. See European Space Agency (ESA)
EST approach. See Event system theory approach (EST approach)
ETS. See Educational testing service (ETS)
European Space Agency (ESA)
, 166
Event system theory approach (EST approach)
, 31, 274, 280–281
Evidence-centered approach
, 55
Externalized Cue-strategy Associations
, 193
Externalized team knowledge
, 191, 193
Extreme weather phenomena
, 158
ICA. See Independent component analysis (ICA)
ICE environments. See Isolated, confined, and extreme environments (ICE environments)
IMO. See Input-mediator-outcome (IMO)
IMOI framework. See Input–Mediator–Output–Input framework (IMOI framework)
Independent component analysis (ICA)
, 87–88
analysis of healthcare teams
, 88
Individual knowledge
, 192, 216
Individual problem-solving process
, 55–56
Individual-based composition models
, 6
Individual-based models
, 6
Individual-level trust
, 126, 127
Industrial/Organizational (I/O)
, 162
Ineffective collaborators
, 64
Information
information/organization-centric approach
, 77
roles
, 11
science
, 86
theory
, 84
Input interdependence
, 292
Input-mediator-outcome (IMO)
, 32
Input-process-outcome relationships (I-P-O relationships)
, 101, 132, 293
Input–Mediator–Output–Input framework (IMOI framework)
, 131
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS)
, 68
Interaction process analysis (IPA)
, 233
Interdependence
, 298–299
shifts over time as moderating factor
, 315–316
theory
, 128
Interdependent behavior
, 249
Internalized team knowledge
, 192, 201
International Space Station (ISS)
, 161, 168
Interpersonal
attraction
, 249
processes
, 12–13, 33, 41, 101, 244–245
relations
, 248–249
Intrateam
processes
, 313
trust
, 16
I/O. See Industrial/Organizational (I/O)
IPA. See Interaction process analysis (IPA)
I-P-O relationships. See Input-process-outcome relationships (I-P-O relationships)
IRT. See Item response theory (IRT)
Isolated, confined, and extreme environments (ICE environments)
, 156–158
factors and threats to team dynamics in
, 165–169
individual biological, neurobehavioral, and psychiatric factors contributing to
, 158–162
ISS. See International Space Station (ISS)
“Item collaboration effect”
, 64
Item response theory (IRT)
, 52–53, 59, 61
ITS. See Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS)
Language
, 236
content and style
, 237
dictionaries
, 252
usage
, 234, 236
Language style matching (LSM)
, 242, 276
Latent growth analysis
, 147
Latent semantic analysis (LSA)
, 236
LDSE. See Long-duration space exploration (LDSE)
LDSEMs. See Long duration space exploration missions (LDSEMs)
Leader(ship)
and team management
, 246
boundary spanning
, 109
coaching types
, 100
function
, 101–104, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 117, 118
importance
, 96
Lexical analysis
, 237, 239
Lexical indicators of teamwork
, 243
adaptability
, 248
conflict resolution
, 249
coordination, communication, and collaborative problem solving
, 246–247
integrative model of teamwork and collaboration
, 245
interpersonal relations and socioemotional support
, 248–249
leadership and team management
, 246
mission analysis, planning, and strategizing
, 247–248
performance monitoring and feedback
, 246
team performance functions
, 244
Linear progressive model
, 196
Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program (LIWC program)
, 234, 236
Linguistic style
, 240
words
, 240
Linguistic style matching algorithm (LSM algorithm). See Language style matching (LSM)
Linkage attributes
, 295–296, 298
influences of
, 299
and temporality
, 299–300
See also Developmental attributes
LIWC program. See Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program (LIWC program)
Log files
, 53–55, 61–62
outcome data
, 54–55
process data
, 53–54
Long duration space exploration missions (LDSEMs)
, 289
Long-duration extreme environments, team dynamics in
, 156
dynamic relationship between task and social cohesion over time
, 162–165
factors and threats to team dynamics
, 165–169
future directions for research and practice
, 169–177
ICE environments
, 156–158
individual biological, neurobehavioral, and psychiatric factors contributing to
, 158–162
Long-duration space exploration (LDSE)
, 162
Longitudinal studies
, 316–317
LSA. See Latent semantic analysis (LSA)
LSM. See Language style matching (LSM)
Macrocognition concept
, 190
Macrocognition in teams model (MITM)
, 191, 192, 195, 199
CPS and
, 191–195
team development
, 205–206
MCC. See Mission Control Center (MCC)
Mediators of team trust over time
, 133
conflict
, 136–137
effort
, 137
monitoring
, 137
perceived team effectiveness
, 134–135
shared leadership
, 135–136
team cohesion
, 134
Membership
change
, 7, 8–9, 10, 11, 12, 17
constancy
, 301
model divergence
, 10
Meso-theory linking multiteam system structural features
, 304
Mesolevel framework
, 303
MTS component teams operate in context
, 311
MTS structural features
, 303–305
MTS structure and temporality
, 309–311
social-psychological consequences of differentiation and dynamism
, 305, 308–309
Midpoint transitions
, 118
Mission analysis, planning, and strategizing
, 247–248
Mission Control Center (MCC)
, 168
MITM. See Macrocognition in teams model (MITM)
Moderators of team trust over time
, 133, 137
differentiation
, 138–140
task interdependence
, 138
virtuality
, 138
Monitoring
, 117, 137
mutual
, 115
performance
, 204–205, 246
system
, 244
team
, 112, 115, 144
Motivation to lead (MTL)
, 14–15
MTM. See Multiple team membership (MTM)
MTS. See Multiteam system (MTS)
Multidimensional approach
, 304
Multidisciplinary integration
, 170
Multilevel framework in context of cohesion
, 269–271
Multiple member replacement
, 17
Multiple team membership (MTM)
, 11
Multiteam system (MTS)
, 167–169, 270, 289
adaptation in
, 311–316
capturing MTS dynamics over time
, 316–317
defining and distinguishing
, 290–292
emergency response multiteam system
, 289
future research avenues
, 318–319
MTS context
, 303–311
MTS structure and temporality
, 295–303
practical recommendations
, 317–318
temporality as influencing consideration for
, 292–295
National Space and Biomedical Research Institute
, 239
Natural language processing (NLP)
, 64
NdO. See Neurodynamic organization (NdO)
Neural, cognitive, and behavioral rhythms
, 73
Neurodyamic(s)
data
, 74
data cubes
, 75
principles
, 77
symbol maps
, 82
team neurodynamic modeling
, 77
composition of neurodynamic symbol
, 79
EEG data collection during healthcare simulation training
, 78
EEG source separation for map task performance
, 87
fitting team members
, 77
ICA analysis of healthcare teams
, 88
neurodynamic symbol expressions of healthcare team
, 80
NS visualizations
, 82
redundancy of neurodynamic information
, 86
Shannon information or entropy
, 84–85
task segments
, 79–80
transition map
, 82–83
team neurodynamics
, 73
of teams
, 73
theme
, 77
Neurodynamic organization (NdO)
, 85, 86
in alpha and beta regions
, 75
Neurodynamic state space (NSS)
, 78
Neurodynamic symbol (NS)
, 78, 79, 81
expressions
, 80
symbol expression
, 82–83
visualizations
, 82
Neurodynamic Symbol Expressions of Healthcare Team
, 80
NLP. See Natural language processing (NLP)
Non-cognitive skills
, 66–67
Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling
, 174
Norming
, 196
phase
, 111–114
stage, team development model
, 264
NS. See Neurodynamic symbol (NS)
NSS. See Neurodynamic state space (NSS)
Perceived team effectiveness
, 134–135
Performance
, 196
episodes
, 12, 14, 125, 132, 144, 147, 291, 293, 299–300, 312
phase
, 114–118
stage, team development model
, 264
Personnel model with teamwork considerations
, 6
Personnel-position fit model
, 6
PISA. See Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
PISA 2015 Collaborative Problem-Solving Assessment Framework
, 56
2PL/GPCM. See Two-parameter logistic model/generalized partial-credit model (2PL/GPCM)
Positivity components
, 250
Potential lexical measures
, 246, 248, 249
Preemptive conflict management
, 110, 115–116
Primary leadership functions
forming phase
, 108
norming phase
, 113
performing phase
, 116
storming phase
, 111
Problem solving
, 58, 117
process
, 56
Process data
, 53–54, 61–62
Process interdependence
, 292
Productive collaboration
, 59
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
, 52–53, 58
framework
, 56
PISA CPS
, 59, 61
Proportional membership
, 297
Psychoactive androgen
, 159
Psychometric approach
, 59–60
Punctuated equilibrium model
, 103
Salient temporal context
, 12
Science simulation task
CPS
, 54
ETS CPS science simulation
, 63–64
Self-managing teams
, 7, 108, 109, 136, 144
Self-regulation
, 136, 144, 203, 218
Self-report measures
, 266–268
SEM. See Structural equation models (SEM)
Shannon information or entropy
, 84, 85
Shared leadership
, 7, 96, 117–118, 135–136, 145–146
Shared mental model
, 33, 43, 44, 176, 192–193, 201, 298, 301, 302, 314, 318
Simulation-based task
, 63
Single member replacement
, 17
Single-team formation decisions
, 17
Situational assessment
, 248
Skill differentiation
, 223
SNA. See Social network analysis (SNA)
Social cognitive approach
, 308
Social cohesion
, 263–264, 268
Social exchange theory
, 126
Social impairment
, 240
dimension
, 239–240
Social interaction
, 55–56
Social network analysis (SNA)
, 146, 274, 277–278, 317
Social-psychological consequences of differentiation and dynamism
, 305, 308
affective motives
, 308
belonging needs
, 308
cognitive motives
, 309
Socioemotional
function
, 242
support
, 248–249
Software development team
, 34, 37–39
Spatial redundancy
, 86–87
Speech
content
, 239–240
style
, 239–240
Staffing
, 4
programs
, 318
team
, 17–18
Standard K-means analysis
, 66
Statistical analysis technique
, 63
Stochastic processes theory
, 67
Storming
, 196
phase
, 110–111
stage, team development model
, 264
Streamlined illustration
, 288–289
Structural equation models (SEM)
, 147
Structural features, MTS
, 303
differentiation
, 304–305, 306
dynamism
, 305, 307
Surface-level
composition
, 5, 16
diversity
, 5–6, 214
Systematic Multiple Level Observation of Groups (SYMLOG)
, 233
Systems monitoring
, 112, 115
Task
cohesion
, 263–264, 272
compilation
, 215–217, 265
conflict
, 219
disruptions
, 32
forces
, 291–292
interdependence
, 138
Orientation dimension
, 233–234
task-based adaptation trigger
, 31–33, 36–37, 39–41, 42
task-based triggers
, 35–36
task-related roles
, 11
work
, 197
Taskwork
behaviors
, 244
skills
, 100–101
Taxonomy
, 265–266, 268–269
TBL. See Team-Based Learning (TBL)
Team adaptation
, 30, 31
adaptation
, 32–33
and temporal considerations
, 34–41
framework
, 31
functions
, 244
future research
adaptation and emergent states
, 44–45
time-based opportunities for researchers
, 41–42
time-based recommendations for organizations
, 42–44
literature
, 43
nomological network
, 33
team adaptive outcomes
, 31
Team cohesion over time
challenges in examining cohesion over time
, 266
combining multilevel and temporal frameworks in context of cohesion
, 269–271
conceptualizing cohesion
, 262–263
dimensions of cohesion at different points
, 268–269
organizational change and events
, 273–274
self-report measures
, 266–268
team development and cohesion
, 264–266
temporal approach to studying cohesion
, 274–282
within-team events
, 271–272
Team composition
, 4–7, 12–16
algorithms
, 18
information
, 18–19
managing teams of varying compositions
, 18–20
research
, 9
team processes, and emergent properties over time
, 12–16
and team staffing
, 17–18
and temporal context
, 7–12
Team composition over time
effectiveness of
, 4
management
, 16
management teams of varying compositions
, 18–20
team composition and team staffing
, 17–18
Team development
, 34, 101–104, 279
and cohesion
, 264–266
culture in
, 212
maintaining teamwork
, 220–221
role compilation
, 217–218
task compilation
, 215–217
team compilation
, 218–220
team formation
, 213–215
team settings
, 212–213
model
, 36, 104, 196
Team dynamics
, 96, 232
affiliation
, 241
content analysis
, 235–237, 238
coordination
, 241–242
culture influence on
, 210
context role
, 223–224
cultural diversity benefits to teams
, 221–222
culture in team development
, 212–221
culture within selection and training systems
, 224–225
exploring cultural values beyond Hofstede’s dimensions
, 224
future research
, 222–223
multicultural teams
, 210–211
team types
, 212
development of language dictionaries
, 251–252
illustrative example
, 239
lexical analysis and
, 237, 239
lexical indicators of teamwork
, 243–249
limitations and challenges
, 250–251
research on group communication
, 233–235
social climate
, 241
support
, 242
symmetry
, 242–243
team perspective
, 240–241
Team dynamics in long-duration extreme environments
, 156
dynamic relationship between task and social cohesion over time
, 162–165
factors and threats to team dynamics
, 165
autonomy, communication, and multiteam systems
, 167–169
selection
, 165–166
team composition
, 166–167
future directions for research and practice
, 169
biological variables
, 170–171
experimental analysis of behavior
, 171–174
family systems theory
, 174–177
multidisciplinary integration and countermeasure development
, 170
temporal dynamics
, 169–170
ICE environments
, 156–158
individual biological, neurobehavioral, and psychiatric factors contributing to
, 158–162
Team Evolution and Maturation framework (TEAM framework)
, 197
Team mental models (TMM)
, 14
Team neurodynamic(s)
, 73
modeling
, 77
composition of neurodynamic symbol
, 79
EEG data collection during healthcare simulation training
, 78
EEG source separation for map task performance
, 87
fitting team members
, 77
ICA analysis of healthcare teams
, 88
neurodynamic symbol expressions of healthcare team
, 80
NS visualizations
, 82
redundancy of neurodynamic information
, 86
Shannon information or entropy
, 84–85
task segments
, 79–80
transition map
, 82–83
Team problem-solving
development model
, 199
propositions for changes in CPS
, 202
role compilation
, 203–204
sets of propositions
, 199
task compilation
, 203, 204–205
task-related experience
, 200–201
team formation
, 201–203
outcomes
, 193
Team trust over time
, 128–131
future research
, 143
methodological considerations
, 146–147
team conflict
, 144–145
team monitoring
, 144
theoretical considerations
, 143–144
trust violation and repair in teams
, 145–146
mediators and moderators of
, 133–140
recommendations for practice
, 147–149
temporal model of team trust development
, 131–133
trust violation and repair in teams
, 140–143
See also Change over time
Team-Based Learning (TBL)
, 129
Team(s)
, 11–12, 13–15, 16–17, 190, 210, 291
adaptation trigger
, 31–32, 33, 37, 39, 41
assembly research
, 18
cognition
, 216
cohesion
, 15–16, 134, 165, 262
communications
, 239
compilation
, 198, 203, 204–205, 218–220
composition models
, 6–7
conflict
, 144–145
consensus
, 193
context
, 240
cultural diversity benefits to
, 221–222
cycle
, 12
diversity
, 7–8
effectiveness models
, 4
efficacy
, 15
formation
, 18, 201–203, 213–215
phase
, 265
function
, 232
goal-setting process
, 109
knowledge
, 192
resources
, 193
similarity
, 193
leadership
, 97–100
action phase leadership functions
, 99
functions over time
, 105–106
meeting team needs
, 100–101
needs change over time
, 104–118
team development
, 101–104
transition phase leadership functions
, 98
learning
, 248
maintenance
, 245
members
, 8, 10, 281
behaviors
, 242
familiarity
, 10
satisfaction
, 135
monitoring
, 144
and backup
, 112, 115
motivational functions
, 244
need
, 97, 100–101
organizational functions
, 244
orientation functions
, 244
perspective
, 240–241
potency
, 116
processes
, 12–16, 102
framework
, 32–33
profile models
, 6
psychological safety
, 107
staffing
, 17–18
task management
, 245
team-level outcome data
, 54
team-level response
, 54
“teaming” policy
, 18
temporal model of team trust development
, 131–133
trigger
, 41
trust
, 124, 125, 126–128
violation and repair in
, 140–143
types of
, 212
See also Multiteam system (MTS)
Teamwork
, 66–67
lexical indicators of
, 243–249
processes
, 293–294
skills
, 100–101
time for
, 4
Temporal approach to studying cohesion
, 274
ABM
, 281–282
adopting EST framework
, 279–281
SNA
, 277–278
swift cohesion
, 278–279
unobtrusive/indirect measures
, 274–277
Temporal considerations
adaptation and
, 34
duration
, 37–39
frequency
, 39–41
timing
, 34–37
Temporal context
, 7–8
dynamic composition
, 8–12
Temporal dynamics
, 169–170
Temporal frameworks
, 271
in context of cohesion
, 269–271
Temporal orientation
, 297
Temporal phase
forming
, 107
norming
, 112
performing
, 114–115
storming
, 110
Temporality
as influencing consideration for MTSs
, 292–295
MTS structure and
, 295
compositional attributes
, 296–298
developmental attributes
, 300–302
linkage attributes
, 298–300
typology identifies features
, 302–303
MTS structure and
, 309–311
Temporally rooted approach
, 311
interdependence shifts over time as moderating factor
, 315–316
MTS adaptation to changes and disruptions over time
, 313–315
temporally based framework of MTS dynamics and adaptation
, 312
Temporary shifts in membership
, 10
Theory of self-management
, 117–118
Three-element vectors
, 78
Time-based opportunities for researchers
, 41–42
Time-based recommendations for organizations
, 42–44
Time-stamped CPS data, methodological advances for
ACT CPS Game
, 64–66
ATC21S CPS
, 61–62
ETS CPS Science Simulation
, 63–64
PISA CPS
, 59, 61
Von Davier and Halpin
, 66–68
TMM. See Team mental models (TMM)
TMS. See Transactive memory systems (TMS)
Top-down processes
, 271, 273, 280, 303
Training systems, culture within
, 224–225
Transactive memory systems (TMS)
, 14, 108, 112–113
Transition
maps
, 84
phase
, 265–266
leadership functions
, 98
processes
, 244–245
processes
, 13, 33
phases
, 41
Trust
, 308
benefits
, 129–130
development and maturation
, 124–125
violation and repair in teams
, 140–143, 145–146
Tuckman’s model
, 103, 104, 196
Two-parameter logistic model/generalized partial-credit model (2PL/GPCM)
, 61