Absenteeism

, 159

Accession

, 2–4, 24–28, 30–39, 142–143, 169–171

Action plan

, 11–13, 51–52, 70–77, 99–100, 129, 142–143, 166–168, 174–175

Adult

, 10–11, 50, 53, 56, 66–67, 70, 78–79, 119–120, 135, 139, 144, 159, 165, 173

Adult Education

, 14, 53, 66–67, 119–120, 139, 159, 164–165

Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)

, 2, 11–12

Albania

, 2–4, 6, 8–12, 14, 28–32, 43, 45, 47–48, 50–51, 53, 85, 129–130, 157–159, 162–164, 166–167, 170–171

Amnesty International

, 11, 172–173

Analysis

, 57, 76–78, 93–94, 115, 117–118, 137, 147, 170–171

Antigypsyism

, 130, 134, 158–159, 174–175

Antiziganism

, 4

Area

, 2–3, 11–12, 38, 44, 66–67, 72, 79–80, 117, 122, 130–131, 134, 143–144, 160, 166, 171–173

Arixhi

, 7, 44

Arli, Arlij, Arlije

, 7–8, 70

Ashkali

, 2–3, 5, 88–89, 98, 101–104, 107, 164, 168

Assessment

, 30–31, 54, 57, 60–61, 88–89, 91, 141, 172, 174–175

Attainment

, 12, 48–50, 57, 73–74, 135–136, 158–159, 161–163, 166–167

Balkan

, 2, 4–5, 8, 12, 14, 28–29, 32, 34, 37–38, 73, 89, 101, 126, 128, 130–132, 135, 143, 157–159, 165, 169–170, 172, 175

Bamill

, 7, 45, 48

Berlin process

, 34–38

Bosnia and Herzegovina

education

, 66, 69, 73–74

policies

, 71–73

population

, 85

Roma minority

, 69–71

Western Balkans

, 28–29

Bosniak

, 7, 66–68, 70

Canton

, 66–68, 73–75, 160–161, 163

Census

, 5–7, 69–70, 86–87, 111–113, 117, 126–127, 135, 140

Center

, 85–86, 91, 100–101, 129–130, 146, 168, 171–172

Ҫergar, Cergar

, 7

Challenge

, 15, 24–25, 32, 47, 53, 61, 84, 102–104, 122–123, 132, 148–149, 158, 172–174

Chance

, 11, 51, 165–167, 172–173

Candidate

, 3–4, 13–14, 24–33, 38, 51, 165–166, 170–171, 174–175

Chib

, 7

Children

Albanian

, 43, 48–55, 59–60, 159

Bosnia and Herzegovina

, 70–74

horizontal analysis

, 93

migrant/refugee

, 144

mortality rate

, 8–9

pre-primary education

, 137

preschool education

, 118, 144

Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian (RAE)

, 164

vertical analysis

, 94

Western Balkans

, 172–173

China

, 3, 33, 171–172

Ciganin

, 7, 70

Citizen

, 6, 11–13, 36–38, 51–52, 66, 84, 87, 110, 117, 128–129, 134, 171–173

Citizenship. See Citizen

Civil society

, 6–7, 12, 34–35, 44, 102, 126–129, 134, 166, 171

Civil rights

, 7, 100, 128–129

Community

, 4–5, 7–9, 23–24, 31–32, 44–45, 47, 50–51, 53, 55, 57, 60, 66–67, 78–79, 84, 89, 98, 102–104, 110, 113, 116–123, 126, 128, 130, 158–159, 161–162, 164, 166–168, 174

Conflict

, 3, 25, 28–30, 37–38, 59–60, 128–129, 165–166

Consolidation

, 171

Constitution

, 45, 67–68, 84–85, 88–89, 104, 111–112, 161

Continent

, 3, 5–6, 38, 66–67, 84, 111

Copenhagen criteria

, 26, 34–35, 170–171

Council of Europe

, 6, 8, 27, 50–51, 69, 82, 84, 103–104, 127, 140, 169

Country

, 2–3, 5, 8–10, 14, 30–31, 33, 44–45, 50–51, 53, 66–70, 88–89, 110, 126, 128–131, 137, 139

Country study

, 5, 8, 14–15, 157–158, 164, 166–167, 169, 172–173

Covid-19 pandemic

, 11, 24, 31–32, 74, 102, 119–120, 134, 145–146, 148–149, 164–165, 169

Culture

, 14, 27, 47–48, 68, 70–72, 75–78, 88–89, 110, 115–117, 120–122, 127, 130–131, 139, 158–159

Decade of Roma Inclusion

, 12, 51, 71, 129, 140, 150, 166–169

Decision-making

, 24–25, 55, 126, 129, 175

Degree

, 36, 103, 117–119, 142, 144–145, 171

Deprivation

, 8, 11, 45, 53–54, 60, 158

Differences

, 2, 7, 24–25, 45, 47–48, 113, 115, 150

Disadvantages

, 8–11, 55, 126, 158, 166

Discourse

Discrimination

, 4, 7–8, 12–13, 47, 51, 69, 71, 78, 85, 88, 90, 126, 128–130, 132, 134–135, 148, 158–159, 161–162, 174–175

Diversity

, 3, 8, 57, 103, 110, 130–131, 176

Drop out

, 48, 75–77, 84, 102, 117–118, 137, 143, 148–149, 159, 162

Economy

, 26, 31–32, 44, 58, 132

Economic grown

, 2–4, 10–11, 13, 23–24, 26, 31–32, 34–38, 45, 47, 57, 69–70, 75, 105, 110–114, 122–123, 132, 150, 158, 164, 170, 173, 175

Education

Albania

, 48–50

Bosnia and Herzegovina

, 66–69

COVID-19 pandemic

, 102

Kosovo

, 84–89

Montenegro

, 117–120

policies

, 71–73

Serbia

, 135–145

stories/programme

, 103–104

Western Balkans

, 165–169

Education Act

, 24, 76–77, 175

Education situation

Albania

, 48–50

Bosnia and Herzegovina

, 66–69

Kosovo

, 84–89

Montenegro

, 117–120

Serbia

, 135–145

Western Balkans

, 165–169

Education system

, 14, 48, 50, 66–67, 73–74, 84, 89, 98, 116–117, 122, 128–129, 135, 145, 161–162

Educational success

, 149, 169

Effort

, 35–36, 58–60, 148–149

Egyptian

, 5, 88–89, 98, 102, 113, 115–119, 122–123, 160–162, 164–165, 168

Empirical data

, 7

Employment

, 8, 10–13, 46, 66, 71, 88, 98–99, 104–105, 110–111, 115–116, 129, 132, 140, 158

Enlargement

, 2, 11–12, 14, 23–25, 29, 32, 37–38, 51, 66, 73, 130, 159, 169–171, 176

Enrolment

, 10–11, 49–52, 72–74, 100, 120–122, 135–137, 141, 144–145, 160, 162, 164, 167–168, 173

Environment

, 27, 35–36, 56, 113, 141–142, 166

Ethnicity

, 7, 51–52, 85, 107, 116–117, 127

Europe

, 2, 5–6, 8, 12, 23–24, 28–29, 44, 50–51, 71, 74, 84, 111, 127–131, 135, 140, 143, 148, 159–160, 169–171

Europe 2020

, 2, 12–13, 172–173

European Commission

, 3–4, 12–13, 26, 29–31, 50, 74, 146, 158–160, 174–175

European Union

, 2, 4–6, 8, 11–13, 23–25, 28, 30–34, 37–38, 53, 66, 79, 84, 141–143, 158–159, 165–166, 170–171, 175

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (EU-FRA)

, 2, 11–12

European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC)

, 6, 25, 44, 174

Europeanization

, 165–166, 170–171

Equality

, 11–13, 50–51, 71–72, 75–76, 110–111, 130, 159, 166–167, 175

Exclusion

, 8, 11–12, 45, 79, 130, 158–159, 172–173

Framework

, 11–13, 32, 47, 50–51, 53–54, 66–68, 76–78, 116–117, 130, 140, 159, 165–170, 173–175

Gabel

, 7, 44

Geopolitic

, 3, 28–29, 35–38

Growth

, 10–13, 27, 34–35, 86, 127, 158, 165–166, 175

Gurbet

, 7–8, 70–71, 130–131

Harassment

, 4, 75

Health situation

, 8–9, 11, 46–47, 70

High school

, 119

Higher Education

, 50, 66–67, 75–76, 78, 84, 93–94, 98–99, 117–118, 135, 144–145, 158–159, 163, 175

History

, 3–4, 14, 23–24, 29–31, 68, 71–72, 75–78, 88–89, 103, 126, 128, 130–131, 134–135, 143, 158–159

Housing market

, 8–13, 46, 58, 66, 70–73, 79–80, 114–116, 129, 132–134, 158–159, 166, 173

Housing situation

, 9–10

Illiterate

, 4, 44, 79, 119–120, 159, 165

Inclusion

, 2–4, 10–15, 44, 47, 50–51, 56, 70–76, 91, 99–100, 104, 119–120, 127–130, 133, 137–138, 140–142, 150, 157–159, 165–176

Inclusive Education

, 134, 138, 140–142, 169

Institution

, 2–4, 8–10, 12–13, 26, 28, 32–34, 36–37, 44, 47, 50, 53–58, 60–61, 71–72, 78, 84–85, 88–89, 98–99, 110–111, 115–123, 128, 131, 133–134, 137–138, 141, 144–145, 166–175

Implementation

, 3–4, 30, 33, 36–37, 50–53, 56–57, 67–68, 72, 76–79, 88, 99, 117–118, 122, 129–130, 134, 142–143, 164–168, 170–171, 173–175

Integration

, 2–6, 8–9, 12–13, 23–32, 34–39, 66, 71, 73, 79, 84, 96–97, 100–101, 104, 117–118, 126, 128–130, 134–135, 140–141, 143–146, 150, 165–172, 174–176

Intercultural education

, 52, 68, 166–167

Intergovernmental

, 127

International

, 2, 8–9, 11, 29, 34, 50, 66, 68, 71–72, 75–76, 79–80, 84–85, 88–89, 103–104, 122, 126–127, 129, 142–144, 146, 166, 172–174

Intervention

, 3, 57, 149, 169–171

Job market

, 10–11, 45–46

Kabuzis

, 7, 45

Kalderash

, 8, 130–131

Kale

, 8

Kosovo

COVID-19 pandemic

, 102

education system

, 89–98

higher education

, 98

horizontal analysis

, 93

lower secondary education

, 96

policies and support programmes

, 98–102

preschool education

, 94–95

primary education

, 95

Roma community

, 84–89

upper secondary education

, 96–97

vertical analysis

, 94

Kurbat

, 7, 44

Kurtof

, 7, 45

Labor market

, 165

Language

Albania

, 47–48

Bosnia and Herzegovina

, 70–71

European Union

, 27

Kosovo, Roma community in

, 88–89

Serbia

, 116–117

Western Balkans

, 169–170

Law

, 3–4, 12–13, 25–27, 45, 47, 66–69, 79–80, 85, 88–89, 123, 138, 141, 169

Law reform

, 3, 25, 34, 38–39, 52, 66–67, 169

Learning center

, 91, 100–101, 168

Legitimation

, 171

Lejaš

, 8, 131

Life expectancy

, 8–9

Lifelong learning

, 2, 5, 12, 14, 53, 158, 172–173, 175–176

Limit

, 11, 34, 36–37, 45–47, 54–55, 126, 132, 164, 170, 172–173

Literacy

, 50, 84, 89–90, 101, 159, 166–167

Lovári

, 8, 130–131

Majority

, 2, 26, 28, 32, 47–48, 54–55, 58, 67–68, 90, 110, 113–114, 121–123, 127, 131, 133, 159

Mandatory education

, 96–98, 118–119, 137, 139, 144, 161–163

Marginalization

, 53–54, 79, 115, 159, 172–173

Meçkar

, 7, 45

Member state

, 2–4, 12–14, 23–26, 28, 34, 38, 158–159, 165–166, 170, 173–175

Membership

, 3–4, 13, 25–26, 28–31, 34–35, 38–39, 157–158, 165–166, 170–172

Minority

, 2, 4–5, 8–9, 14–15, 26, 32–33, 43, 45, 47–48, 52, 66, 69–70, 72–73, 77, 84, 110, 112, 123, 128–130, 144–145, 157–158, 165–167

Migrant

, 134–135, 144

Migration

, 2–3, 28–29, 44, 47, 52

Ministry of Education

, 48, 50, 52, 66–68, 73–74, 78–79, 84, 142, 146, 160, 162–163, 166–167

Monitoring

, 56, 100, 129–130, 141, 172

Mother tongue

, 7, 51–53, 70–71, 88, 113, 126, 131

Montenegro

, 2, 5–7, 9–10, 14, 28–30, 45, 85, 110–111, 113, 115–117, 120–123, 161, 165, 169

Multicultural

, 120–121, 140, 170

Multiethnic

, 28–29, 85, 88, 170

Muslim

, 5, 7, 70, 111–113, 128

National

, 2, 7–9, 13, 23–24, 26–27, 44–45, 51, 88, 110–113, 117, 122–123, 126–129, 131–133, 137–138, 142–147, 162, 166–170, 172, 174–175

Nationality

, 7, 113, 126–127

Negotiation

, 3–4, 13, 26–28, 30–32, 38–39, 170–172

Network

, 3–4, 45–46, 58, 71–72, 137, 160, 170

NGO

, 91, 100, 102, 128–129, 141–143, 166–167, 169–171, 174

Non-governmental

, 6, 69, 71–72

Non-Roma

, 8–9, 11–12, 49–50, 71–72, 132, 143–144, 158–159, 163

North Macedonia

, 5–6, 12, 30–31, 38, 45, 170–171

OECD

, 48, 159

Organization

, 23–24, 48, 54, 66, 84, 98–99, 103–104, 113, 116, 128–129, 134, 141, 146, 166, 169–170

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

, 6, 68, 72, 90, 103–104, 167–168

Open Society Institute

, 12, 166

Parent

, 26–27, 47, 49–50, 52, 54–55, 60, 75, 78–79, 101, 103–104, 117–123, 135–138, 143–144, 146–147, 150, 160–162, 166–168, 174

Participation

, 3, 10–15, 46, 50, 57, 59, 71–73, 75, 89–90, 98–99, 101, 116, 118–119, 129–130, 132, 137–138, 143, 157–161, 164, 167–168, 171, 173–175

Peace

, 23–24, 26, 37–38, 61, 66, 128–129

Pedagogy

, 137

Policy measures

, 8–9, 12, 166, 168, 172–174

Policy strategies

, 2, 165, 169–170, 172, 176

Poverty

, 8–9, 11–12, 28–29, 44, 46, 49, 54, 75, 79, 101, 126, 128–130, 132–134, 144, 146–147, 158–159, 161–162, 164, 172–173

Prejudice

, 4, 44, 47, 49, 77–78, 119–120, 122–123, 131, 161–162

Preschool education

, 68, 79, 93–95, 100, 118, 137, 144, 160

Primary school

, 13, 66–68, 73–75, 79, 84, 115, 118–122, 131, 137, 148–149, 161–162, 164, 169, 173–174

Private sector

, 56, 61, 170–171

Process

, 3–4, 14, 23–38, 56–58, 66–68, 71, 73, 77, 84, 102, 107, 128–130, 141–144, 146–147, 150, 159, 166, 169–172, 174–176

Program

, 8–9, 12, 14–15, 31–32, 46–47, 50–53, 55–61, 67–68, 75–79, 98, 100–104, 115–117, 120–123, 128, 133, 137, 139, 143–146, 165–167, 169–170, 173–174

Population

, 2–3, 5–6, 8, 11, 24–25, 36–37, 44–45, 47–48, 67–68, 70–72, 75–76, 84–85, 87, 110–111, 113–120, 123, 126–128, 132, 135–136, 138, 143, 159–160

Precondition

, 3–4, 30, 33, 38–39, 115, 118, 165–166

Project

, 2, 31–32, 52, 56–57, 78–79, 101–102, 122, 128–129, 140–144, 164, 166–167, 169

Pupil

, 11, 50–51, 68, 73–74, 78–79, 84, 102, 126, 142, 159, 161, 163, 166–167

Qualification

, 36, 46, 98–99, 104, 115–116, 158

Quality

, 8–11, 46, 51–53, 75–76, 99–100, 114, 116, 121, 123, 133, 135–136, 142–143, 162, 165

RAE community. See Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian (RAE) community

Region

, 2–3, 5–6, 8, 10–11, 25, 28–29, 31–35, 44, 50–51, 84–85, 111, 114, 123, 130, 132, 142, 157–159, 169–170, 172, 175

Religion

, 7, 51–52, 68, 70, 85, 122

Report

, 3–4, 6, 11, 29–30, 37–38, 47, 49–51, 58–59, 68–69, 72–73, 76–77, 98–99, 116, 126, 133, 150, 158–160, 164

Research findings

, 8–9

Rom

, 7, 44, 78–79, 86, 128

Roma

Albania

, 43, 48, 50

Kosovo

, 84, 89, 98

Montenegro

, 111, 117, 120–121

Serbia

, 126, 135, 145

Western Balkans

, 2, 4–5, 8, 12, 14, 165, 169–170, 172, 175

Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian (RAE) community

, 5, 96–98, 102, 107

Romani

, 7, 11, 47–48, 70–71, 75–77, 88, 113, 117, 120–122, 130–131, 167–168, 172–173

Roma Education Fund (REF)

, 12, 78–79, 127–128, 140, 142–143, 145, 148–149, 164–165

Roma Inclusion

, 2, 12, 14–15, 51, 71, 129–130, 137–138, 140, 158, 165, 169–170

Roma integration

, 12–13, 53, 66, 73, 129–130, 140, 144, 165–166, 169, 174

Romani/Chib

, 7

Russia

, 3, 30, 33, 35–36, 171–172

Scientific research

, 4

Scholarship

, 96–97, 145

School

curricula

, 67, 142–143

dropouts

, 84, 89, 117–118

primary

, 118–119

secondary

, 73–75, 78–79, 117–118, 120–121, 137, 163

Secondary education

, 50–51, 67–68, 78–79, 89–90, 93, 96–97, 119, 144–145, 162–163

SEE6

, 2, 29–30

Serbia

, 2, 5, 28–30, 85, 112, 169

culture and language

, 130–131

demographic situation

, 126–128

discrimination

, 134–135

education system

, 135–145

employment

, 132

health care

, 132–133

housing

, 133–134

Roma population

, 126, 128, 130, 135

Similarities

, 14–15, 165–166, 169–170

Sinti

, 8, 130–131

Social cohesion

, 47, 165–166

Social situation

, 45, 47, 70, 115–116, 132, 158, 169–170

Social status

, 10–11, 115–116, 165–166

Socio-cultural background

, 10–11, 13–14, 47, 51, 66, 75, 104, 110–111, 132, 173

Special education

, 73–74, 139–140, 143–144, 161

Stagnation

, 3–4, 32, 37–38, 171–172

Standard

, 9–10, 133, 175

State

, 2, 5, 14, 25–28, 30–31, 47, 50–51, 90–91, 104, 110, 115, 117–118, 122–123, 139–140, 158–159, 171, 175–176

Statistic

, 4, 7, 48, 50, 84–85, 94–95, 101, 104, 111–113, 123, 127–128, 158, 162

Stereotype

, 47, 77–78, 133

Stigmatization

, 7, 134

Strategy

, 12–13, 35–36, 46, 71–73, 75, 94, 98–99, 104, 120–121, 129–130, 137–138, 160, 165–168

Strategy for Roma inclusion

, 137, 176

Student

, 11, 50, 52, 73–74, 78, 90, 93–98, 101–102, 104, 118–119, 134–136, 138, 140, 143–144, 148, 150, 160, 162–163, 173

Subgroup

, 7, 45, 55, 57, 131

Success

, 2–3, 15, 30, 38, 51–52, 56–57, 72–74, 103–104, 117–118, 122–123, 140–141, 145–146, 159, 165, 169

Summit

, 3, 25, 31, 35–36, 171

Survey

, 2, 4, 24–25, 132

Support programs

, 75, 78, 169

Tamar

, 8, 131

Target

, 12, 30, 46, 55, 58, 78–79, 99, 144, 166

Teacher

, 52, 78, 92, 100, 126, 135–136, 140, 146–147, 162

Thessaloniki

, 3, 25, 170–171

Top-down

, 169–171

Tradition

, 3, 7, 45, 68, 71–72, 78, 116–117, 131, 144, 158–159

Training

, 45–46, 57, 78–79, 89, 132, 142, 164

Traveller

, 8, 143

Turski

, 7, 70

Ukraine

, 24, 35–38

Unemployment

, 10–12, 29, 46, 72–73, 111–112, 159, 173

UNESCO

, 140, 169–170

UNICEF

, 10–11, 135–136, 141, 145–146, 162, 164, 169–170

University

, 50, 70–71, 76–77, 103, 107, 119, 163

VET. See Vocational education and training (VET)

Vlach

, 8

Vlaški

, 7, 70

Vocational education and training (VET)

, 50

Vocational school

, 119–120, 144, 162

War

, 5–6, 30–31, 35–38, 45, 75, 84–85, 128–129, 171

WB6

, 2, 30, 32–33, 35–39

Western Balkans

, 2, 4, 14, 25, 28–29, 32, 34, 38, 66, 84, 126, 131–132, 159, 163, 165–166, 169, 171–172, 175

White Roma

, 7, 70

World Bank

, 2, 12, 129, 140, 166, 169–170

World Romani Congress

, 8

World War II

, 127, 134–135

Yugoslavia

, 2–3, 5–6, 28–29, 84–85, 114, 126, 128–129, 139–140, 171