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Prelims

Scandal and Corruption in Congress

ISBN: 978-1-80117-120-5, eISBN: 978-1-80117-119-9

Publication date: 7 November 2022

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(2022), "Prelims", Pomante, M.J. (Ed.) Scandal and Corruption in Congress, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xvii. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-119-920221003

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023 Michael J. Pomante II. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited

Half Title Page

Scandal and Corruption in Congress

Title Page

Scandal and Corruption in Congress

Edited By

Michael J. Pomante II

Jacksonville University, USA

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2023

Editorial matter and selection © 2023 Michael J. Pomante II.

Individual chapters © 2023 The authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters' suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80117-120-5 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80117-119-9 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80117-121-2 (Epub)

List of Figures and Tables

Introduction
Figure 1. Perceived Corruption in the United States: 1995–2020.
Chapter 2
Figure 1. Disruptive Acts During the Watergate Era.
Figure 2. Disruptive Acts During the Gingrich Era.
Chapter 7
Figure 1. Staff Departures, Scandal, and Member Exit, 107th to 114th Congresses.
Figure 2. Scandal Breaks and Salary Turnover During Term.
Figure 3. Salary Turnover and Scandal in the Next Congress.
Chapter 8
Figure 1. Punishment of Misconduct Investigations of Members of Congress Before and After the 90th Congress. (a) Before 90th Congress (b) 90th Congress and After.
Figure 2. Type of Punishment for Misconduct Investigations of Members of Congress: 90th–116th Congresses. (a) Expelled (b) Censure (c) Reprimand (d) Resign or Strategically Retire.
Chapter 9
Figure 1. Distribution of Responses and Average Treatment Effects.
Figure 2. Heterogeneous Effects by Political Ideology.
Chapter 10
Figure 1. Scandal Type, Reactions, and Post-scandal Exit by Branch of Government.
Chapter 12
Figure 1. Bivariate Scatterplot between Expert and Survey Measures of Legislative Corruption.
Chapter 3
Table 1. List of 2020 US Senate Races Where Super PACs Outspent Combined Expenditures of Both Major Party Candidates.
Table 2. List of 2020 US House Races Where PACs and Super PACs Outspent Combined Expenditures of Both Major Candidates.
Chapter 5
Table 1. Number of Instances of Alleged Misconduct by Members of Congress by Decade.
Table 2. Penalties and Consequences of Congressional Corruption by Decade.
Chapter 6
Table 1a. Representatives' Financial Scandals in the 112nd Congress, by State and District.
Table 1b. Representatives' Financial Scandals in the 113th Congress, by State and District.
Table 1c. Representatives' Financial Scandals in the 114th Congress, by State and District.
Table 1d. Representatives' Financial Scandals in the 115th Congress, by State and District.
Table 2. Electoral Outcomes of House Members Involved in Financial Scandals.
Table 3. General Election Vote Swings for House Members Involved in Financial Scandals.
Chapter 8
Table 1. Pairwise Correlations Between Types of Misconduct and Punishments.
Table A1. Descriptive Statistics of Congressional Misconduct Investigations.
Table A2. Logistic Regression Results on the Punishment of Misconduct Investigations of Members of Congress.
Chapter 9
Table 1. Effect of Scandal on Women's Electoral Chances.
Table A1. Effect of Scandal on Women's Electoral Changes, Ordered Logit.
Chapter 10
Table 1. Post-scandal Outcomes among Those Legislators Who Stayed in Office.
Chapter 12
Table 1. Summary and Ranking Corruption Measures.
Table 2. Correlation Matrix between Corruption Measures.
Table 3. Regression Analysis of Corruption (OLS).

List of Abbreviations

ACC

Anti-Corruption Commission

ANES

American National Election Survey

AZ

Arizona

CA

California

CAA

Congressional Accountability Act

CCES

Cooperative Congressional Election Study

CDM

Civil Disobedience Movement

CIO

Congress of Industrial Organizations

CO

Colorado

COTW

Committee of the Whole

CPI

Corruption Perceptions Index

CPP

Cambodian People's Party

CQ

Congressional Quarterly

D

Democrat

DC

District of Columbia

DK

Democratic Kampuchea

DNC

Democratic National Committee

DUI

Driving Under the Influence

EIU

Economist Intelligence Unit

EU

European Union

FBI

Federal Bureau of Investigation

FEC

Federal Election Commission

FECA

Federal Election Campaign Act

FEMA

Federal Emergency Management Agency

FHLBB

Federal Home Loan Bank Board

FL

Florida

GA

Georgia

GCB

Global Corruption Barometer

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GOP

Grand Old Party

GSS

General Social Survey

I

Independent

IA

Iowa

ID

Idaho

IL

Illinois

IN

Indiana

IRS

Internal Revenue Service

ISC

Investigative Subcommittee

ISSP

International Social Survey Program

KS

Kansas

KY

Kentucky

LA

Louisiana

LGA

Legislative Reorganization Act

LGBT

Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Trans

LGBTQ

Lesbian Gay Bisexual Trans and Queer

MA

Massachusetts

MC

Member of Congress

MEC

Myanmar Economic Corporation

MEHL

Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited

MI

Michigan

MN

Minnesota

MO

Missouri

MP

Member(s) of Parliament

MRA

Members' Representational Allowance

MS

Mississippi

MT

Montana

Mturk

Mechanical Turk

NJ

New Jersey

NLD

National League for Democracy

NM

New Mexico

NOW

National Organization of Women

NRA

National Rifle Association

NV

Nevada

NY

New York

OCE

Office of Congressional Ethics

OH

Ohio

OOC

Office of Compliance

OR

Oregon

PA

Pennsylvania

PAC

Political Action Committee

PL

Public Law

PM

Prime Minister

R

Republican

Rep

Representative

SC

South Carolina

SEIU

Service Employees International Union

SHAPE

State Harassment and Assault Prevention and Eradication Act

SLORC

State Law and Order Restoration Council

SPDC

State Peace and Development Council

TARP

Troubled Asset Relief Program

TN

Tennessee

TX

Texas

UK

United Kingdom

UN

United Nations

US

United States

USA

United States of America

USDP

Union Solidarity and Development Party

VA

Virginia

VAWA

Violence Against Women Act

V-Dem

Varieties of Democracy

VT

Vermont

WA

Washington

WGI

Worldwide Governance Indicators

WI

Wisconsin

About the Contributors

Emily Beaulieu Bacchus is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Kentucky. She works on matters related to contentious politics and political corruption. Her first book, Electoral Protest and Democracy in the Developing World (2014) was published with Cambridge University Press, and her research on Legislative Brawling has been featured in the Journal of Politics.

Audrey Baricovich is a graduate student at the University of Kentucky. She specializes in American judicial politics with special interests in judicial-executive relations, US Supreme Court public opinion, and judicial scandals.

Tiffany D. Barnes is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Kentucky. Her book, Gendering Legislative Behavior: Institutional Constraints and Collaboration, (Cambridge University Press 2016) won the Alan Rosenthal Prize from the Legislative Studies Section of the American Political Science Association in 2017. Her other peer-reviewed work appears in journals such as the American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Politics, Comparative Political Studies, Legislative Studies Quarterly, Political Research Quarterly, Governance, and Politics & Gender.

Scott Basinger is an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of Graduate Studies at the University of Houston. His research on political scandals has been published in Political Research Quarterly, Political Science Quarterly, Public Integrity, Congress & the Presidency, and edited volumes. He has also published extensively on congressional elections, judicial confirmations, and political economy. Since earning his doctorate at the University of California, San Diego, he has had academic appointments at Stanford University, SUNY Stony Brook, and the University of Houston.

Casey Burgat is the Director of the Legislative Affairs program at the Graduate School of Political Management at The George Washington University. Previously, Dr Burgat was a Senior Governance Fellow at the R Street Institute, where his research focused on issues of congressional capacity and reform. He has also worked at the Congressional Research Service. In addition, he served in the Executive Branch Operations and the Congress & Judiciary sections. Dr Burgat received his PhD from the University of Maryland, College Park.

April K. Clark is an Associate Professor and Assistant Chair of Political Science at Northern Illinois University. Dr Clark specializes in the development of political attitudes and behavior. Her published work covers various topics, including environmentalism, social trust, social capital, political tolerance, corruption, and politics and religion. Dr Clark's research has also been published in various academic journals, including Public Opinion Quarterly, American Politics Research, Political Research Quarterly Social Science Research, Politics and Religion and Politics, and Gender and important media outlets such as The Washington Post, USA Today, The Huffington Post, NBC.com.

Jill Dunlap is the Senior Director for Research, Policy, and Civic Engagement at NASPA-Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education. Before joining NASPA, Jill worked closely with college student survivors of interpersonal violence in a professional capacity for more than 14 years at three different campuses. In 2014, Jill served as the nonfederal negotiator representing four-year public institutions on the Violence Against Women Act negotiated rulemaking committee. She completed her PhD in Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Illinois University, where her dissertation work focused on the experiences of students impacted by sexual violence on campus. In addition, Jill has served as a national consultant with various organizations, including the Victims' Rights Law Center, the National Sexual Violence Resource Center, and the Department of Defense.

Katherine Hoss is a Lecturer and Undergraduate Administrator for the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She also serves as the Administrative Director of the MIT Washington Summer Internship Program.

Lewis Hoss is the Director of Professional Development at the Midwest Political Science Association. He teaches in the Department of History, Political Science, and Criminal Justice at Rivier University. He has written on liberalism and modern political thought.

David K. Jesuit is a Professor of Political Science in the School of Politics, Society, Justice, and Public Service at Central Michigan University. He has been editor or coeditor of several academic volumes and journals, including the recently published book Collaborative Governance for Local Economic Development: Lessons from Countries around the World (Routledge, 2020). Together with partners in Europe and Canada, he has taken the lead role in creating and expanding the Transnational Initiative on Governance Research and Education Network, or “TIGRE Net.” This international group of scholars, students, and field specialists is dedicated to identifying the opportunities and challenges public managers confront in the global economy and providing them with the strategies and skills necessary to overcome obstacles to domestic, cross-border, and international coordination.

Nicole Loring is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Rivier University. She earned her PhD and MA in Political Science at Northern Illinois University and her BA in Political Science and Economics at Syracuse University. Her research looks at Southeast Asian politics, propaganda, authoritarianism, democratization, and women's political participation. For example, her article “Overcoming Barriers: Myanmar's Recent Elections and Women's Political Participation” explores the historical and political barriers facing women who wish to participate in Burmese politics.

Collin Paschall is a Senior Lecturer and Program Coordinator in the Center for Advanced Governmental Studies at Johns Hopkins University. Dr Paschall teaches research design, data analytics, and public policy courses. His research is divided between congressional policymaking and citizens' perceptions of policy problems. He received his PhD from the University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and was an APSA Congressional Fellow.

Joseph N. Patten is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Monmouth University, where he teaches courses in American Politics. He received his PhD from West Virginia University in 1996. He most recently co-authored the textbook “Why Politics Matters: An Introduction to Political Science” (3rd edition, 2021) and co-authored articles in the Review of Evolutionary Political Economy (2022), Citizenship, Social & Economics Education (2021), and authored a book chapter in “Democracy in Crisis Around the World” (2020). He also serves as the coach of Monmouth University’s Policy Debate Team and as campus advisor to the Washington Center Internship Program.

Michael J. Pomante II is an Assistant Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at Jacksonville University. Dr Pomante specializes in political behavior and election policy. His research has been published in American Politics Research and Election Law Journal and discussed in public media outlets such as The Washington Post, PolitiFact, and FiveThirtyEight. In addition, Dr Pomante's coauthored research on the “Cost of Voting” was identified by Altmetric as the most discussed article in the public realm, by a political scientist, in 2020.

Kaylar Recker currently works at the Department of Labor as a Grants Management Specialist. She received her Master's degree in Political Science from Northern Illinois University in 2021. Her academic interests include American political institutions, such as Congress and the Presidency.

Gregory W. Saxton is a Lecturer in the Political Science Department at Texas Tech University. His research is in Comparative Politics, emphasizing Latin America, class and inequality, corruption, gender–egalitarian attitudes, and comparative political behavior. His dissertation, “Perceptions of Fairness and Political Support in the Face of Economic Inequality,” was supported with funding from the National Science Foundation. His other peer-reviewed work appears in Governance, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion, & Parties, Journal of Women, Politics, & Policy, Latin American Politics & Society, Politics, Groups, & Identities, and Political Research Quarterly.

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