Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)

, 107

Adolescence

, 16

Adverse childhood events (ACEs)

, 130

analyses

, 134–135

family stability

, 132–134

health implications

, 132–134

measures

, 134

scores/traumatic events

, 132–134

Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ)

, 151

AIDS-related mortality

, 200

comorbidities

, 207

Jharkhand

, 201

sociodemographic profile

, 204

survival functions and clinical indicators

, 208

survival period

, 209

univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis

, 207

American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)

, 150

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

, 102

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

AIDS-related mortality

, 200, 201

body mass index (BMI)

, 200

CD4+T cell counts

, 200

interquartile range (IQR)

, 202

Kaplan–Meir survival curves

, 204

methodology

, 202

statistical analysis

, 202–203

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

, 132

Bivariate analyses

, 169

Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)

, 130

CD4+T cell counts

, 200

Clean Air Act

, 157

Coercive conformity

adverse events

, 147–148

analysis

, 152–153

data

, 150–152

institutional theory

, 148

mandatory reporting

, 147–148

mechanisms

, 149

patient safety

, 147–148

performance improvement

, 149

regulatory policy

, 155

Commercial insurance

, 172

Contextual-level hypotheses

, 57

Control variables

, 22–23, 120

Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)

, 150

Cost-sharing

, 165, 172

Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS)

, 107

Depressive symptomatology

, 21–22, 24

Descriptive analyses

, 168

Descriptive statistics

, 121

Emergency Room (ER) utilization

contextual-level hypotheses

, 57

contributions

, 55

health disparities

, 52–54

implications

, 62–63

individual and contextual differences

, 51–52

individual-level hypotheses

, 57

individual-level predictors

, 59–61

limitations

, 65–66

methodology

, 57–58, 63

older adults

, 54

policy implications

, 63–64

practical implications

, 64–65

research

, 56–57, 66–67

rural health clinics

, 50–51

SouthEastern United States

, 54–55

study aims

, 55

study design

, 57–58

theoretical implications

, 63

underserved populations

, 50–51

Epistemic violence

, 105

Everyday discrimination scale (EDS)

, 5

Family caregivers, older people

age and disease profile

, 187

campus hospital

, 190–191

community support

, 190

data collection and analysis

, 186

disease profile

, 188

with entitlement

, 192–194

without entitlement

, 191–192

frequent referrals, higher centers

, 193–194

inadequate communication and information

, 193

inadequate housing

, 189–190

long-term care

, 194

neighborhood infrastructure

, 189–190

paid supportive caregivers, unavailability

, 188–189

physician and health care needs, appointment of

, 192

profile

, 186, 187

public health

, 195

religious beliefs

, 185

residential academic campus

, 185

seeking appointment

, 193

study sample

, 185–186

Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

, 102

GDF15

, 109

Gender variations

, 117, 121–123

Healthcare access barriers

data analysis

, 79–80

data collection

, 78–79

eco-systems theory

, 76

infrastructure barriers

, 80

research design

, 77–78

resilience theories

, 76

Health-care services, sex differences

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

, 45, 34–37, 41

comorbidities

, 35, 37, 39–40, 44

cost

, 36–37

demographic characteristics

, 36

diabetes

, 34–38

health status

, 36

Indian Health Services (IHS)

, 35

inpatient/outpatient services

, 36

measures

, 36–37

mental health

, 44

methods

, 35–36

substance use disorders

, 44

Health care spending (HCS)

, 164

alcohol consumption

, 169

cost-sharing

, 173

fruit consumption

, 169

out-of-pocket spending (OPS)

, 169

predictors

, 166

smoking behavior

, 169

Health disparities

, 4–6, 12

analytic strategy

, 8

data

, 6

definition

, 4–6, 12

dual eligible patients

, 53–54

ethnicity

, 52–53

ordered logistic regression models

, 8

race

, 52–53

reproductive justice

, 109–111

rural residence

, 53–54

society inequality regimes

, 4

variables

, 6–8

Healthy People 2020 (HP2020)

, 131

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)

abnormalities

, 99

childcare

, 100–101

diagnosis

, 99

maternal/fetal outcomes

, 99

pregnancy discrimination

, 102

pregnancy fear

, 101

psychosocial impacts

, 100

quality of life

, 100

reproductive justice

, 109–111

therapeutic termination

, 101–102

troubling maternal ideology

, 111

untreated and mistreated women

, 98–99

women exaggerate

, 101

women’s health-care disparities

, 109–111

Independent variables

, 22

Individual-level hypotheses

, 57

Individual-level predictors

, 59–61

Infrastructure barriers

cost and insurance barriers

, 80–82

language barriers

, 82–83

medical facilities distance

, 83–84

scheduling appointments providers

, 84–85

Institutional theory

, 148, 149

Intragroup discrimination

, 27–28

Kaplan–Meier survival curve

, 203

Longitudinal mixed model analysis

, 166

Magnet accreditation

, 152

Mallory–Weiss syndrome

, 106

Maternal ideology

, 98, 111

Maternalisms

, 98, 103, 111

Medical errors

, 147

MedPAR data

, 151

Mimetic conformity

, 149

Morning sickness

, 99–103

Multivariate analysis

, 170

Multivariate regression approach

, 166

National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)

, 140

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP)

, 103

Negative provider relationships

discrimination

, 87–88

ignoring patient concerns

, 86

limitations

, 91–92

older participants

, 90

personal relationships

, 88–89

rushed/rude provider interactions.

, 85–86

NVivo 11

, 186

Occupied status

, 17–18

Ordered logistic regression models

, 8

Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

, 165

Out-of-pocket spending (OPS)

, 165, 174

Paid supportive caregivers

, 188–189

Patient Safety Indicator (PSI)

, 151, 152

Patient Safety Organizations (PSOs)

, 148

Perceived discrimination

counts

, 22–23

depressive symptomatology

, 21, 24

mean

, 23

research

, 19–20

sociodemographic variables

, 25

standard deviations

, 23

Phenergan

, 106

Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)

, 102

Professionalism

, 157

Purchasing power parity (PPP)

, 166

Racial/ethnic identity

, 22

Racialized discrimination

analytic strategy

, 8

data

, 6

everyday discrimination scale (EDS)

, 5

health disparities

, 4–6, 12

National Asian American Survey (NAAS)

, 5, 12

ordered logistic regression models

, 8

society inequality regimes

, 4

variables

, 6–8

Racial stress

, 116

RAND Health

, 165

Reglan

, 106

Reproductive trauma

, 98, 109

Ritual conformity

, 148

RYR2

, 108

San Bernardino County

, 130

Self-identification

adolescence

, 16

Antillean immigrant history

, 18

control variables

, 22–23

Cuban immigrant history

, 18

depressive symptomatology

, 21–22

descriptive statistics

, 25

independent variables

, 22

intragroup discrimination

, 27–28

method of analysis

, 23

occupied status

, 17–18

perceived discrimination. See Perceived discrimination

research

, 19–20, 20–21

sample

, 21

skin tone

, 19

sociodemographic variables

, 25

stress process framework

, 20

Skin tone

, 19

Social determinants of health (SDOH)

, 130–132

Society inequality regimes

, 4

Sociodemographic variables

, 25

Socioeconomic status

, 119–120

Socioeconomic variations

, 117–118, 123

Stress process framework

, 20

Supplemental analyses

, 123

US health care

, 165, 172

US News & World Report (USNWR)

, 150

Variables

, 6–8

controls

, 7

experiences

, 6

hate crime

, 7

institutional racism

, 7

interpersonal racial discrimination

, 6–7

self-reported health

, 6

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE)

, 99

White fragility

alternative explanations

, 118

control variables

, 120

data

, 118–119

descriptive statistics

, 121

gender

, 121, 119–120, 117

hypotheses

, 118

racial stress

, 116

socioeconomic status

, 119–120

socioeconomic variations

, 117–118, 123

statistical procedures

, 120–122

supplemental analyses

, 123

Zofran

, 106