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  University of North Carolina-Greensboro, USA

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  University of Minnesota, USA

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  University of Michigan, USA

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  Universidad of San Andres, Argentina

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  Media Sociology Preconference, USA

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  University of California, Riverside, USA

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  Illinois Institute of Technology, USA

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  International Sociological Association, Spain

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  University of Texas at Austin, USA

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  Michigan State University, USA

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  George Mason University, USA

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  University of Liverpool, UK

Title Page

STUDIES IN MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS - VOLUME 26

GEO SPACES OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

EDITED BY

LAURA ROBINSON

Santa Clara University, USA

KATIA MOLES

Santa Clara University, USA

SONIA VIRGINIA MOREIRA

State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

AND

JEREMY SCHULZ

University of California, Berkeley, USA

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

JOSEPH STRAUBHAAR

University of Texas at Austin, USA

CARA CHIARALUCE

Santa Clara University, USA

JOHN R. BALDWIN

Illinois State University, USA

AND

JULIANA TRAMMEL

Savannah State University, USA

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL.

First edition 2024

Copyright © 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited.

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

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ISBN: 978-1-80071-606-3 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80071-605-6 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80071-607-0 (Epub)

ISSN: 2050-2060 (Series)

Contents

List of Figures, Tables and MAPs

Figures

Tables

Maps

About the Contributors

Arthur Coelho Bezerra is a sociology researcher at the Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), Professor of the Postgraduate Program in Information Science (PPGCI/IBICT-UFRJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil), and Vice-representative (Latin America chapter) of the International Center for Information Ethics (ICIE). He has published articles on the social uses of technology, algorithm filtering of information, digital surveillance, privacy, critical information literacy, and critical theory.

Nélia R. Del Bianco is Professor of Graduate Programs in Communication at the University of Brasília since 2004. She was a visitor in the Graduate Program in Communication at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (2020–2022) and holds a PhD in Communication from ECA-USP, with a postdoctoral internship at the University of Seville. She develops research on the audiovisual communication ecosystem with an emphasis on the technological transformations in broadcasting and journalism, public broadcasting, and audiovisual infrastructure and telecommunications. She is also editor and co-editor of books and articles on radio history, radio, and technological convergence, and political strategies of media.

Jacqueline da Silva Deolindo is Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at the Institute of Society and Regional Development Sciences at the Fluminense Federal University. She has a master’s and doctorate in Communication and is part of the research group Geographies of Communication (UERJ/CNPq). Currently, she coordinates research on communication in small towns in the State of Rio de Janeiro and among her topics of interest are local and regional journalism, communication and regional development, media economy, and communication geographies.

Julien Figeac is a CNRS Researcher at the LISST, University of Toulouse, France. He contributes to the development of methods in the field of digital humanities, including video ethnography, online ethnography, and statistical analysis of digital data. He publishes articles on the uses of social media, online sociability, and connected forms of political participation.

Élida Borges Rodrigues Gomes is a Brazilian researcher and professor. She earned her master’s degree in the Communication Postgraduate Program at The Universidade Católica de Brasília with a thesis about Virtual Sociability x Mobility: Use of Smartphones with Internet by Young People. She became Journalist graduate in 2006 from Universidade de Uberaba. Currently, she is Professor and the Coordinator of the Experimental Communication Agency at Centro Universitário Projeção. She published articles on the use of social media by young people, digital TV and television narratives, and female empowerment in advertising campaigns, among others.

Aline Maia is a journalist and holds a PhD in Communication (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, PUC Rio, Brazil) with an internship at Tulane University (New Orleans, USA). She is Professor at University Center Estácio Juiz de Fora since 2013, where she also leads a research agenda on communication, social and media representations, media visibility, and youth. She is the author of a book, book chapters, and articles on journalism, communication, and social representations.

Cézar F. Martins is a journalist at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. He earned his master’s from the Graduate Program in Communication at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Currently, his research topics are local journalism, news deserts, territorial inequalities, and telecom and media infrastructure.

Lucia Mesquita (Ph.D.) is currently a postdoctoral researcher affiliated with the Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New Technologies (CICANT) at Lusófona University, Portugal, and also a researcher at the Fujo Institute of Future Media, Democracy, and Society at Dublin City University (DCU), Ireland. In addition, she serves as a research associate within the DMSO (Digital Media and Society Observatory) research group at the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Brazil.

Nathalie Paton is a Research Fellow at the CEMS Research Center at the School of Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris (EHESS-CNRS), France. She works on an EU funded project (DARE) that investigates right-wing and Islamist radicalization on Twitter in Europe. Her ten years of research on the political uses of the Internet – from school shootings on YouTube, to same sex marriages on Facebook to e-health discussion on Doctossimo – has led her to a book publication and several scientific articles.

Héloïse Prévost is an associate professor in Sociology at the LISST, University of Toulouse, Jean Jaurès, France. She is a co-producer of the participatory movie Rural Women in Movement, winner of the Jury Prize of the 13th Women’s Worlds Congress, of the Citizen Jury at the “Sciences en Lumière” Research Film Festival and “Best Independent Documentary” at the 36th Latin American Film Meeting – 2019. Her research focuses on socio-environmental empowerment and the Brazilian agroecologist feminist movement.

Angelina Peralva is Professor Emerita of Sociology at the LISST, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, France. She publishes books on violence and democracy in Brazil and on Media and urban violence in France. She also coordinated an issue of the journal Cultures et Conflits entitled “Franco-Brazilian Dialogues on Violence and Democracy” (No. 59, Autumn 2005).

Pierre Ratinaud is Associate Professor in Education and Training Sciences at the University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, France. He is a member of the Social Psychology of Communication Team of the LERASS Laboratory. His work focuses on the dynamics of social and professional representation systems and on statistical analysis of textual data. He is also the developer of the free software IRaMuteQ, for multidimensional analysis of texts and questionnaires.

Tatiana Monteiro Reis has a master in Agribusiness from the University of Brasilia (2012), specialist in Business Management from IBMEC - DF (2009), and a degree in International Relations from the Institute of Higher Education of Brasília (2008). She has experience in the area of sociology, economics and administration, and is currently a substitute Professor in the Agribusiness Management Department of the University of Brasilia.

Tristan Salord is a research engineer in Sociology and Digital Humanities at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), France. He develops computational social science methods to study the use of social media, in particular citizens’ political participation. This research is mainly based on natural language processing and topic modelling methods to study the phenomena of misinformation, filter bubbles and rabbit holes.

Gabriela Gruszynski Sanseverino holds a PhD candidate in Politics and Ethics of User-generated Content at the University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier. She works within the Laboratory of Studies and Applied Research in Social Sciences (LERASS) as part of the JOLT Project, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie European Training Network funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020. Before joining the project, she was Visiting Fellow at the Media and Communication Department, Brown University (Providence/USA) in 2018, Postgraduate Studies in Communication – Technology, Culture and Society – as part of a consortium of six Portuguese Research Centers (Lisbon/Portugal) in 2017. She also holds a bachelor’s degree in Social Communication - Journalism and a master’s degree in Communication and Information from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil).

Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos (Ph.D.) is a postdoctoral researcher in the Human(e) AI project at the University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. He is also a research associate in the Digital Media and Society Observatory (DMSO) at the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Brazil. Previously, he was a researcher at the University of Navarra, Spain, under the JOLT project, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie European Training Network funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020. He was also a Visiting Researcher at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia. Mathias-Felipe is co-editor of the book “Journalism, Data and Technology in Latin America” published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2021. Mathias-Felipe is currently part of the editorial board of Digital Journalism. His research interests include the changing nature of communications driven by technological innovations, particularly in journalism, media, and online social networks.

Giuliander Carpes da Silva is a PhD in Information and Communication Science at the Laboratory of Studies and Applied Research in Social Sciences at the University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier within the JOLT Project, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie European Training Network funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020. Since 2014, he has been researching the effects of the platformization of the Internet on news media with a special interest in the disruptions of business models and the emergence of new news ventures and their innovative approaches. In 2015, he completed a master’s degree in Media and Business at Erasmus University Rotterdam with the dissertation Business Model Innovation in the Online News Industry: Differentiation as a Strategy for Sustainable Revenues.

Margarethe Born Steinberger-Elias is Associate Professor in the Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences at Federal University of the ABC. She has a PhD in Communication and Semiotics from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo and a master’s degree in Letras-Linguistics from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. Her research areas are discourse analysis, semiotics, corpus linguistics, and natural language processing focused on scientific and journalistic texts. Currently, her main research projects are on Portuguese text readability for students and terminology simplification strategies for science popularization in Brazil. As a journalist, among other contributions, she worked as an international correspondent of Folha de S. Paulo in Berlin, Germany, and in editorial activities and academic publications. Her published doctorate title is Media Geopolitical Discourses: journalism and international imagination in Latin America.

Julianna M. Trammel is full Professor of Strategic Communication and Chair of the Department of Journalism & Mass Communications at Savannah State University. Her areas of expertise include the intersection of gender, media, race and ethnicity, and human communication, with a special focus on social media, women, and early childhood communication. She is also an intercultural scholar with regional specialization in Brazil and the United States. Her recent publications include: “The Confluence of Communication Cultural Dialectics: A Case of Afro Brazilian Voice and Black Lives Matter” and “Artificial Intelligence for Social Evil: Exploring How AI and Beauty Filters Perpetuates Colorism – Lessons Learned From A Colorism Giant, Brazil.” In addition to her scholarship, she has over two decades of experience in public advocacy on Capitol Hill, higher education administration, teaching, and consulting. She earned a PhD in Communication and Culture from Howard University, an MA in Public Communication from American University, and a BA in Broadcast and Print Journalism from Rust College. She was born and raised in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

About the Volume Editors

Laura Robinson is Professor in the Department of Sociology at Santa Clara University and Faculty Associate at the Harvard Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society. After earning her PhD from the University of California, Los Angeles, where she held a Mellon Fellowship in Latin American Studies, her other affiliations include the UC Berkeley Institute for the Study of Societal Issues, the Cornell University Department of Sociology, Department of Sociology at Trinity College Dublin, USC Annenberg Center, and the École Normale Supérieure. Her service positions include Series Co-Editor of Emerald Studies in Media & Communications and Palgrave Studies in Digital Inequalities, North American Coordinator of the Brazil-US Colloquium on Communication Research, Organizing Committee Member of the Media Sociology Symposium, Steering Committee Member of the Digital Sociology Thematic Group of the International Sociological Association, and CITAMS Section Chair 2014–2015. Her research has earned awards from CITASA, AOIR, and NCA IICD for her work on digital inequalities and digital sociology in Brazil, France, and the United States.

Katia Moles was trained as a social ethicist at the Graduate Theological Union and UC Berkeley where her work examined the policy implications of culturally embedded framings of sexuality and reproduction within larger ethical and religious traditions. Currently, she is a social ethicist of technology in the School of Engineering at Santa Clara University where her research speaks to the intersection of inequalities and digital media, particularly issues of inclusion that impact traditionally underrepresented groups. The Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion awarded her the “New Scholar Award” for her article “A Culture of Flourishing: A Feminist Ethical Framework for Incorporating Child Sexual Abuse Prevention in Catholic Institutions.” UC Berkeley, Santa Clara University, Dominican University, Graduate Theological Union, and Florida International University have also recognized her work in justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion that animates her research and teaching.

Sonia Virginia Moreira is Professor of the Graduate Program in Communication at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, and a National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) research fellow. She is a journalist with a PhD in Communication Sciences (University of São Paulo) and MA in Journalism (University of Colorado, Boulder campus). Her present project explores the lack of telecom and media infrastructure in Brazil, alongside digital, audiovisual, and local journalism inequalities in the country.

Jeremy Schulz is a researcher at the Institute for the Study of Societal Issues at the University of California, Berkeley. His current research focuses on digital inequality and work and wealth among economic elites. He has also done research and published in several other areas, including digital sociology, sociological theory, qualitative research methods, work and family, and consumption. His article, “Zoning the Evening,” is published in Qualitative Sociology and received the Shils-Coleman Award from the ASA Theory Section. Other publications include “Talk of Work,” published in Theory and Society, and “Shifting Grounds and Evolving Battlegrounds,” published in the American Journal of Cultural Sociology. Since earning his PhD at UC Berkeley, he has held an NSF-funded postdoctoral fellowship at Cornell University.

About the Volume Contributing Editors

Joseph D. Straubhaar is the Amon G. Carter Centennial Professor of Communications in the Department of Journalism and Media Studies, and Radio–TV–Film (RTF) at The University of Texas (UT) at Austin. He was the director of the College of Communication’s Latino and Latin American Media Studies Program, 2012–2018, and was the director of the Center for Brazilian Studies within the Lozano Long Institute for Latin American Studies, 2003–2006. He has taught in RTF at UT since 1998 and in Journalism since 2018. He previously taught at Brigham Young University (BYU) (1994–1998) and Michigan State (1983–1994). Before that, he was a US Foreign Service Officer (1975–1983) in Brazil and Washington DC. His primary teaching, research, and writing interests are in global media and cultural theory, global TV, digital media and the digital divide in the USA, and other countries, and Latin American and global television production and flow. His graduate teaching includes media theory, global media, Latin American media, and qualitative and ethnographic research methods. His undergraduate teaching covers the same range plus intro to media studies, global television, introduction to global media, Latin American television, and media and society. He does research in Brazil, other Latin American countries, Europe, Asia, and Africa, and has taken student groups to Latin America and Asia. He has done seminars abroad on media research methods, the digital divide, and global media. He is a regular visiting professor at the University of São Paulo and the State University of São Paulo-Bauru. He is on the editorial board for Communication Theory, International Journal of Communication, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, Chinese Journal of Communication, Studies in Latin American Popular Culture, Comunicación y Sociedad, Chinese Journal of Communication, and Revista INTERCOM.

Cara Chiaraluce is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology at Santa Clara University. She earned her PhD from the University of California, Davis, and conducts research in the fields of medical sociology, gender and family, and carework and digital resources. Her manuscript titled “Becoming an Expert Caregiver: Shifting Paradigms on Care and Disability Through Autism Care Work” is currently in press with Rutgers University Press. Additional recent scholarly articles include: “Narratives on the Autism Journey: ‘Doing Family’ and Reconfiguring the Caregiver Self” in the Journal of Family Issues (2018) and “Becoming an Expert Autism Caregiver: Health Literacy and Community Catalysts”’ in Research in the Sociology of Health Care (2015).

John R. Baldwin is a Professor of Communication at Illinois State University, where he has worked since 1994. He studies domestic and international diversity, identity, and intolerance, including issues of diversity, cross-cultural adaptation, and competence. He has written on prejudice in communication, intercultural communication ethics, the history of intercultural communication, “Western” communication, and the definition of culture. His co-authored or edited books include Intercultural Communication for Everyday Life, Wiley, 2014; (Re)Defining Culture, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006, and Communication Theories for Everyday Life, Allyn & Bacon, 2004, and he has published research in several journals. The focus of his teaching and research includes domestic and international identities, the formation of identities, and forms of prejudice, acceptance, and inclusion. He has more recently turned his attention to issues of national, racial, and global identities in Brazilian popular music, writing specifically on Tropicália and considering issues of political economy and identity politics and ideologies in music.

Julianna M. Trammel is full Professor of Strategic Communication and Chair of the Department of Journalism and Mass Communications at Savannah State University. Her areas of expertise include the intersection of gender, media, race and ethnicity, and human communication, with a special focus on social media, women, and early childhood communication. She is also an intercultural scholar with regional specialization in Brazil and the United States. Her ecent publications include: “The Confluence of Communication Cultural Dialectics: A Case of Afro Brazilian Voice and Black Lives Matter” and “Artificial Intelligence for Social Evil: Exploring How AI and Beauty Filters Perpetuates Colorism – Lessons Learned from a Colorism Giant, Brazil.” In addition to her scholarship, she has over two decades of experience in public advocacy on Capitol Hill, higher education administration, teaching, and consulting. She earned a PhD in Communication and Culture from Howard University, an MA in Public Communication from American University, and a BA in Broadcast and Print Journalism from Rust College. She was born and raised in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

About the Senior Series Editors

About the Series Co-editors

Laura Robinson is Professor in the Department of Sociology at Santa Clara University and Faculty Associate at the Harvard Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society. She earned her PhD from UCLA, where she held a Mellon Fellowship in Latin American Studies and received a Bourse d’Accueil at the École Normale Supérieure. In addition to holding a postdoctoral fellowship on a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation funded project at the USC Annenberg Center, she has served as Visiting Assistant Professor at Cornell University and the Chair of CITAMS (formerly CITASA) for 2014–2015. Her research has earned awards from CITASA, AOIR, and NCA IICD. Her current multi-year study examines digital and informational inequalities. Her other publications explore interaction and identity work, as well as new media in Brazil, France, and the USA.

Shelia R. Cotten is Associate Vice President for Research Development at Clemson University. She has served as the Chair of CITAMS and has previously held appointments at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. After earning her PhD from North Carolina State University in Raleigh, she was a postgraduate fellow at the Boston University School of Public Health. Her work has been funded by The National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Aging. Her work addresses key social problems with sociological tools related to technology access, use, and impacts/outcomes. She has published on a number of topics including the XO laptop program in Birmingham and the use of ICT resources to improve older Americans’ quality of life. The body of her work was recognized by the CITASA Award for Public Sociology in 2013 and the CITAMS Career Achievement Award in 2016.

Jeremy Schulz is Researcher at the UC Berkeley Institute for the Study of Societal Issues and a Fellow at the Cambridge Institute. He has also served as an Affiliate at the UC San Diego Center for Research on Gender in the Professions and a Council Member of the ASA Section on Consumers and Consumption. Previously, he held an NSF funded postdoctoral fellowship at Cornell University after earning his PhD at UC Berkeley. His article, “Zoning the Evening,” received the Shils-Coleman Award from the ASA Theory Section. His publications include “Talk of Work” published in Theory and Society and “Shifting Grounds and Evolving Battlegrounds,” published in the American Journal of Cultural Sociology. He has also done research and published in several other areas, including new media, theory, qualitative research methods, work and family, and consumption.

Acknowledgments

The ESMC editorial staff extend our appreciation to the many individuals who have contributed to this volume.

We would like to call attention to the often unseen work of the many individuals whose support has been indispensable in publishing all volumes in the series and this volume in particular. Regarding the Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology Section in the American Sociological Association (CITAMS), we thank the Council for the section’s sponsorship of the series. The volume is indebted to Professor Sonia Virginia Moreira’s leadership of the Brazil–US Colloquium on Communication Studies that brought together scholars featured in the volume. We also thank our partners at the Media Sociology Symposium for featuring research in the volume. Our thanks also go to reviewers and Editorial Board members for their service in disseminating our outreach and publicity. In particular, at Emerald Publishing, we deeply appreciate the Emerald editorial staff’s contributions bringing the volumes to the press: Katy Mathers, Madison Klopfer, Lydia Cutmore, Rajachitra S and many others. Finally, we recognize our editorial team of student-researchers Christina Nelson, Isabella Bunkers, Naomi Yang, Isa Fernandez, and Merle Wiehl.