The Composition of Women Parliament Members Presence in Local Parliament in Aceh(A Case Study at Provincial Parliament of Aceh Province During the Period of 2014 to 2019)
Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to explore the composition of women parliament members in provincial parliament in Aceh Province.
Design/Methodology/Approach – The study which applied qualitative approach. The data were collected through interviews, observations and documentation study.
Finding – The findings show that the DewanPerwakilan Rakyat Aceh (DPRA) (provincial parliament) women representative are not in line with the order of election Regulation No. 12 the year 2003 which state should be an “affirmative action” or reaches about 30% of total members. In addition, ironically that women are not playing important and strategic roles, such as a chairman, deputy chairman, in each commission, discussion division, budgeting division, and regulation division. The biggest challenge of women parliament members in campaigning their rights and responsibilities at the parliament so that they would be improved in quality and capacity, as well communication and personal knowledge. Furthermore, building stronger linkages internally and externally (political parties, fraction, and all other parliament members), and (stakeholders, peer groups, NGOs, academics, expert etc).
Practical Implications – The solutions offered in this paper can be of concern to all parliamentarians to be able to provide equal opportunities for women legislative members in a strategic position in parliament.
Originality/Value – In addition to increasing the theoretical understanding of the political communication and the importance of the presence of the women in the local parliament.
Keywords
Citation
Mardhiah, A., Hidayat, D.R., Rahmat, A. and Sjafirah, N.A. (2018), "The Composition of Women Parliament Members Presence in Local Parliament in Aceh(A Case Study at Provincial Parliament of Aceh Province During the Period of 2014 to 2019)", Proceedings of MICoMS 2017 (Emerald Reach Proceedings Series, Vol. 1), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00076
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018, Ainol Mardhiah, Dadang Rakhmat Hidayat, Agus Rahmat, Nuryah Asri Sjafirah.
License
Published in the Emerald Reach Proceedings Series. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
1. Introduction
Women’s participation in politics in the legislature of a local parliament is an attempt to communicate themselves in the public sphere in their social role. Therefore, women become legislators and are in parliament as a form of their participation in political development. As the female legislators in the Local House of Representatives, they must perform their duties and functions in a normative manner; functions of legislation, budgeting and supervision. Therefore, communication of women legislators becomes important to be examined in the coordination of their actions to achieve the achievement of these legislative duties and functions.
Members of the Local House of Representatives, as one of the groups who take part in supra structures in the regions, the members of the council become an extension of the community that plays a role to accommodate the aspirations, voice from below and channel the aspirations to the government so that the demands of the community become a concern and become part of political decisions and with good accommodation of all the interests of society, the public will be able to participate optimally in political development.
The Acehnese women’s activities as legislators in Aceh’s House of Representatives as their organizational agent in carrying out political development are interesting to be reviewed in its relation to the Acehnese culture and also to the Islamic Shari’a in Aceh which still differ on the position of women as leaders. Based on the results of the 2014 election, there were 11 female legislators from 81 members of the DPRA or about 13.6%. The results of the Aceh Independent Election Commission (KIP) have not yet fulfilled the 30% quota of women’s representation in the local parliament and this has not been in line with the mandate of the Election Law No.12 of 2003.
Looking at the background of the 11 female legislators in the local parliament of Aceh in the period of 2014–2019, they come from diverse professional backgrounds, including: legislative members in the previous district/city, the incumbents in DPRA for their second period, housewives and private sector workers (data in the secretariat of DPRA, 2017). The representation of women legislators in Aceh’s parliament is one of the manifestations of their participation, involvement and existence in political development in Aceh.
It is not easy when women are in the political sphere. There are many challenges and barriers in the politics of Aceh. The challenges are both internal and external in nature. Internally, for example, Acehnese women are less highly motivated to attend this room, their lack of capacity in politics, lack of experience in this field, as well as their low awareness to actively engage in political participation. Further, the externals may include social, economic, cultural, political and religious factors. This condition causes a very few numbers of Acehnese women who are in the political world (Observation, 2017).
The presence of women in the political sphere is variously interpreted. Culture, social systems, political systems, and poverty issues are still challenging in the participation of women in politics. A more strategic ones are needed to change the conditions. Entering a strategic territory should mean stepping into a friendly alternative decision making to women. Among the ways is by electing eligible women into the power and legislation. For women legislators, this institution becomes the place where they run the mandate of their constituents, where they channel the aspirations of the people.
As a legislator, the eleven Acehnese female legislators must present themselves as political actors, dialogue to convey political messages in a straightforward, effective way, both verbally and non-verbally, both legislatively, within their political parties and in the community (constituents). The behavior of political communication is obtained through the process of interaction (dialog), experience, tasks, responsibilities and their functions in the legislature, and from the process of understanding, meaning and knowledge of legislators themselves, in addition to their ability to accommodate, capture the aspirations of the community.
Members of Acehnese women legislators are required to be able to fight for the emergence of policies that favor the interests of the people and, especially, the interests of women, through the process of argumentation, and also negotiations.Without these abilities, women in parliament will only be seen as a compliment and become accessories for a male legislator who are, indeed, hold the prominent role.
Furthermore, female legislators are also required to have communication competence. Jablin and Sias (in Indriastuti, 2015: 85) define communication competence as the number of abilities a communicator possesses to use in the communication process, which emphasizes knowledge and ability. In addition, Boserup says that: “education will improve women’s status, abilities, and skills” (1984: 129).
However, the current problem in local parliaments is that the representation of women in the local parliament of Aceh at the provincial level is still not in accordance with the affirmative action law, hereinafter seen from the composition of female legislators in the Aceh’s House of Representatives does not occupy in strategic positions either as chairman, deputy chairman, special committee, in the Financial departments, legislative-affairs departments, in so that women legislators must work harder to fight for women’s rights in fulfilling their obligations. Based on this problem, the researcher tries to explore more deeply about how the composition of female legislators in the local parliament of Aceh in carrying out their political communication activity as the member of legislative in Aceh’s House of Representatives of 2014–2019 period.
2. Methods
The research employed a case study method. Case studies are a common way of conducting a qualitative inquiry (Stake in Denzin and Lincold, 2005: 443). A case study research is neither new nor essentially qualitative. A case study is not a methodological choice, but a choice of what to study.
Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation studies. Research location was in Aceh’s House of Representatives.
3. Results and discussion
The presence of women as legislators in the local parliament of Aceh provides its own colors and dynamics within this parliament; the challenges and opportunities of women’s presence can be seen from their composition within this local parliament. Opportunities merged when women were able to give color in their representation in this legislature, the representation of women in parliament as a form of democracy. The challenge was that women have to work extra hard in the midst of male domination, improving their communication competence (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) and worked harder in changing the mindset with already powerful patriarchal perspectives.
The results included the data on elected female legislators in Aceh’s House of Representatives and their composition in the local parliament of Aceh for the period of 2014–2019.
Composition of Female Members in Aceh Local House of Representatives
| No | Name | Party | Position in Commission | Deliberation body | Financial body | Legislation body |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Darwati A. Gani | PNA | Member | Member | – | – |
| 2. | Nurlelawati, S.Ag | Golkar | Member | Member | Member | – |
| 3. | Hj. Fauziah, H.M.daud., S.Pd | Golkar | Member | Member | – | – |
| 4. | drh. Nuraini Maida | Golkar | Member | – | – | – |
| 5. | Kartini Ibrahim | Gerindra | Member | – | – | Member |
| 6. | Hj.Ummi kalsum | PA | Member | – | – | – |
| 7. | Siti Nahziah | PA | Secretary | – | Member | – |
| 8. | Dra.Hj.Mariati MR.,M.Si | PA | Member | Member | – | – |
| 9. | Ismaniar | PAN | Member | – | – | – |
| 10. | Ir. Hj.Liswani | PAN | Member | Member | – | Member |
| 11. | Ir. Hj. Fatimah | Nasdem | Member | Member | – | – |
Source: The secretariat of DPR Aceh, 2017.
The table shows eleven legislative members in Aceh for the period of 2014–2019 from different electoral districts in Aceh. Judging from the number of elected female legislators, there are only 13.6% of women representatives for Aceh’s women; 11 out of 81 council members in the Aceh House of Representatives. Referring to the Election Law No. 12 of 2003 revealed that women’s representation in Aceh has not been compatible with the Affirmative Action term, meaning that women’s representation in the local parliament of Aceh has not reached 30% of the quota.
Based on the data, the representation of women as members of the legislature is represented by local parties (PNA, PA) and national parties (Golkar, Gerindra, PAN, Nasdem); 6 parties out of 15 parties were successfully represented by women in the election of legislative members in the Aceh People’s Representative Council in period of 2014–2019. In quantity, this number shows a better number than the previous period. In the 2004–2009 election period women who attended the House of Representatives in Aceh were only 3 women. And, it was the same case in the period of 2009–2014 as the number of female legislators was as many as 4 women. The period of 2014–2019 shows better figures with an increase of nearly 200% of the total number of women legislators in this local parliament.
Table 1 also depicts the ironic reality of female legislators in Aceh House of Representative that reflected by their position in commissions; most of them are merely a member of a commission and there is only one person who becomes secretary of commission in Education, Science and Technology. Women in this parliament do not occupy strategic positions within any commission. Table 1 below shows the composition of legislators in Aceh’s House of Representatives (DPR).
Legislative Members based on Commission
| No | Commission A Legal, Politic & Governmental |
Commission B Education, HR & Environment |
Commission C Finance & Investment |
Commission D Development & Spatial Layout |
Commission E Education, Science & Technology |
Commission F Health & Wealth |
Commission G Religion & Culture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chairman Tgk.H.Abd.Saleh |
Chairman Tgk.Akhyar A |
Chairman Jainuddin |
Chairman Tgk.Anwar |
Chairman Mohd.Al Fatah |
Chairman Iskandar Daod |
Chairman H.Gufran Zainal |
| 2 | Vice Chairman Azhari |
Vice Chairman Dr.Jamidin |
Vice Chairman IR.Alaidin |
Vice Chairman – |
Vice Chairman Adam Mukhlis |
Vice Chairman Rusli |
Vice Chairman Drs.Jamaluddin |
| 3 | Secretary Tgk.Muh Harun |
Secretary - |
Secretary Sulaiman |
Secretary Asrizal |
Secretary Siti Nahziah |
Secretary - |
Secretary Tgk.Khalidi |
| Members | Members | Members | Members | Members | Members | Members | |
| 1 | Iskandar Usman | Effendi | Kautsar | Zulfadhli | IR.Makhrum | Tarmizi | Tgk Khalidi |
| 2 | M.Saleh | Abubakar | DR.Mariati | Abubakar A latif | Ermiadi | Ummi kalsum | Usman |
| 3 | Drs.H.Djasmi | Drs.H.Aminuddin | Iberamsyah | Saifuddin | Hj.Nurlelawati | Nuraini Maida | Nurzahri |
| 4 | Muh.Tanwier | T.Rudi Fatahulhadi | Drs.Yunardi | H.Zuriat Suparno | Drs.h.Sjech A | Hj.Fauziah | Muhammad Isa |
| 5 | Buhari Selian | Dedi Syafrizal | Ir.Hj Liswani | Hendri Yono | Zulfikar ZB | IR.Hj.Fatimah | Ramadhana Lubis |
| 6 | H.Musanif | Ir.H.sulaiman Ary | Murdhani | IR.Saifuddin | IR.H.T.Iskandar | Darwati | Ismaniar |
| 7 | Bardan Sahdi | Darmawan | Drs.H.Asib | Samsul Bahri | Zaini Bakri | Zaenal Abidin | |
| 8 | Kartini Ibrahim | H.T.Ibrahim | Tgk.Makhyaruddin | Sulaiman Ali | |||
| 9 | Yahdi hasan | Muhibbussubri | Tgk.H.Syarifuddin | Aisyah Ismail | |||
| 10 | Wan Iskandar | Drs.H.Abdurrahman | |||||
| 11 | Tgk.Muhibbusabri |
Source: The Secretariat of DPR Aceh, 2017.
Table 2 above shows that the eleven female legislators in the Aceh legislature are only members of existing commissions, whereas the position of chairman, vice chairperson, secretary are dominated by male legislators. Further, it also turns out that this group of women tends to be in commissions that are very feminist, which revolves around the field of health, welfare, education, science, and technology.
The same case was observed at the deliberate, financial, and legislative bodies; there was no female legislator who became Chairman, vice chairman and secretary were all held by men. And the membership is also dominated by man; there are two female legislators who are not included in the membership in bodies of deliberate, financial, and legislative in board fittings. This is unfortunate given that female legislators should be able to contribute more to this local parliament;it is expected that women legislative members are the decision makers or policies to be decided, they are not the ones who merely accept the decisions and who will run the policy, but they also decide the policy to be enforced.
Women legislators in the local parliament of Aceh will continue to face problems in performing their functions and duties properly (legislation, budget, and supervision) because their positions in Aceh’s House of Representatives are not in a strategic position; they have no strategic position, no high bargaining power.Thus, what happens is that woman is just an imitator of the decisions that are set, only as accessories and complement of the commission and the completeness of the board only.
When the composition between male and female legislators is not balanced, the concern related to the decisions taken is the impartiality for women; the voice of women in the legislature is not a priority and is considered unimportant, let alone, for example, it is related to the interests and rights, the women rights. Women legislators will lose in voting, for example, and be assured that what their wishes and aspirations will not be smoothly and easily accepted by male legislators and this will face them to more struggles in fighting for their rights in parliament. At every decision women are always defeated by male dominant groups, meaning that it will be very difficult for women to fulfill the rights and aspirations of their constituents.
The struggle of Acehnese women legislators in the local parliament does not stop when they have been elected as legislators; their struggle is long and they must be able to fulfill women’s rights and, at the same time, fulfill their obligations as legislators.Therefore, women, legislators need to increase their capacity (human resource, knowledge, good and effective communication), have strong network strength, meaning that female legislators need to be able to build a network, both internally and externally.
Building internal network within the House of Representatives requires women legislators to be able to build good communication with all members in their commission, fraction, inter-commission, inter-party, faction, and male legislative members so that, in turn, there will be a political lobby that plays its part.Later, the dominant man will split and support the ideas, political ideas constructed by the woman, so that the political messages they convey will be well accommodated. In addition to internal networks, Acehnese female legislators must also be able to build an external networks with stakeholders, peer groups, NGOs that focus on women/women politics, academics, observers, experts and other community organizations, legislative women, and, in turn, this will be able to awaken their forces that will eventually be able to gain benefits as they have the power of network, their bargaining position in the House of Representatives will become stronger and the male legislators will allocate more attention when faced with the female legislators. Having a strong network inside and outside will make the political messages they convey to be well accommodated.
In general, weakness of women politicians in Indonesia may stem from the condition that Indonesia women are apathetic, silent, fail to conduct the things mentioned above; they are merely legislative members, without being able to make changes in the legislature, meaning that they are only the followers of the dominant group, the men.
4. Conclusions and Suggestions
4.1. Conclusion
The presence of women in the local parliament of Aceh is not in accordance with the mandate of Affirmative Action law (30%).
The composition of women in Aceh’s local parliament, especially in Aceh’s House of Representatives was still not balanced.
Female legislators do not occupy strategic positions in Aceh’s House of Representatives, either in the Commission, Fractions, Legislation Body, Deliberation Body, Budget Body, or Special Committee.
4.2. Suggestion
There are great challenges for women legislators in fighting for rights and performing their duties and functions in local parliaments and, thus, legislators need to improve their capacity, knowledge and good communication.
Build a strong network both internally (its political party, between parties, infractions, between fractions, between parties and with all other legislative members), and network with external parties (stakeholders, peer groups, NGOs, academics, observers, etc.).
References
Suwarna, N., 2008., konstruksi realitas, Jakarta: KencanaPrenada Media Grop
Boserup, E (1984), Peran Wanita dalam Perkembangan Ekonomi, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta.
Denzin, Norman K, dan Yvonna S. Lincoln, 2009., Handbook of Qualitative Research, edisi Bahasa Indonesia, PustakaPelajar, Yogyakarta.
Indriastuti, y (2015), disertasi program DoktorIlmuKomunikasiUniversitasPadjadjarantentang manajemenkomunikasipolitikpolitisiperempuan (Studimanajemenkomunikasipolitikpe jabateksekutifperempuandalamkehidupanberpolitik di JawaTimur)
Harun, R dan Sumarno, (2006), Komunikasi Politik Sebagai Suatu Pengantar, Mandar Maju, Bandung.
All papers within this proceedings volume have been peer reviewed by the scientific committee of the Malikussaleh International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies (MICoMS 2017).
Corresponding author
- Prelims
- Introduction
- Acknowledgement I
- Acknowledgement II
- The Effect of Job Satisfaction and Work Motivation on Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in BNI in the Working Area of Bank Indonesia Lhokseumawe
- The Effect of Work Motivation on the Employee Performance with Organization Citizenship Behavior as Intervening Variable at Bank Aceh Syariah
- Life-Cycle Performance of a Bridge Subjected to Multiple Heavy Vehicle Impacts
- The Efforts of Improving the Professionalism of Lecturers towards the Presentation and Change of KKNI within the University Environment in Aceh
- Morphological Process of Devayan: An Analysis of Morphological Tipology
- Effect of Freight Transportation for Regional Development in the North Zone of Aceh
- The Roles of Digital Democracy on Political Education for Young Generation
- Disorders of Sex Development: Ambiguous Genitalia and Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- Difference Analysis of the Autonomy of Extended Regencies in Aceh Province Indonesia
- An analysis of Service Quality on Mustahiq Satification using the Kano Model (Case Study on Baitul Mal)
- Exploration and Morphological Characterization of Vegetative Part of Avocado at Bebesan Subdistrict Central Aceh District, Indonesia
- Poverty Effectiveness for the Maisir (Contest) in the City of Indonesian Aceh Province
- Measurement of Study Productivity and Evaluation Analysis by using the American Productivity Center (APC) Model at a Palm Oil Factory (Pks PT. Syaukath Sejahtera)
- The Development of an Independent Entrepreneurship Model Through Creative Economy for Women in Lhokseumawe City
- Regionalism of Aceh’s Traditional Architecture at Bujang Salim Mosque at Krueng Geeukeuh, Aceh
- High Growth and Diameter of the Stem of Corn Plants (Zea May, S) with a Different Cropping Pattern
- Influence of Manufacture of Textiles, Clothing, and Leather and Manufacture of Paper, Printing, and Publishing on Economic Growth
- Land Erodibility and Land use Directions in Krueng Seulimum Watershed Aceh Province
- The Effect of Fermentation of the Peel of Arabica Coffee with Win Prob Probiotics on Crude Fiber Content and Fiber Fraction
- Teaching English International Lingua Franca (ELF) in ASEAN Economic Community Context: Teachers and Students Perspectives
- Animation as a Creative Industry: A Strategy to Build Creativity and Independence of Youth in Padang, West Sumatra
- Improving Production of Liquid Smoke from Candlenut Shell by Pyrolisis Process
- Interpersonal Communication of Commercial Sex Workers Transaction with Customers in Syariah Law Area in Indonesia
- Macrozoobentos Diversity Index as a Bioindicator in Krueng Cunda River to Support the Success of the Shrimp Agribusniness at Lhokseumawe City, Aceh
- The Examination Model of Aceh Commodity Export Firms’ Performance
- The Role of Fishing Techniques with Tuah Teng on Food Security in Facing the Asean Economic Community
- Reconstruction of Aceh Cultural Identity in the Discourse of Aceh Language Lesson Books in Elementary School
- The Effect of Monosodium Glutamate (Msg) Administration to Pyramidal Cells Necrosis on Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Male Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
- Personal Construct Experience of Tionghoa Community in Aceh Reality
- Study of Mineralogy Composition, Total, and Exchangable Content of K, Ca, and Mg of Volcanic Ash from Sinabung Mountain Eruption in North Sumatera, Indonesia
- The Role of Law in Economic Development: To Develop a Special Economic Zone in Order to Build a National and Regional Economy
- Model Corporate Social Responsibility Based on Local Wisdom in West Aceh Regency
- Recurrence of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A Rare Cause of the Obstruction of the Right Heart
- Single Mother Role in The Success of Their Children (Phenomenological Study of Single Women in Makassar City)
- Optimal Lot-Sizing Algorithms on Stochastic Demand at the Retailer
- Predict Environmental Conditions Using Groundwater Interpretation in Subdistrict Hamparan Perak, Deli Serdang, North Sumatera
- Public Discovery of the Concept of Time Value ofMoney with Economic Value of Time
- Study on Impact Strength Against Welding Smaw on Hardening Steel AISI 1050
- What is the Determinant of Non-Performing Financing in Branch Sharia Regional Bank in Indonesia
- Spatial Stochastic Modeling of Adolescent and Under-Five Children Nutritional Status: A Case Study from Aceh, Sumatera Island, Indonesia
- Religious Tourism: Concept of Community-Based TourisminAceh Singkil, Indonesia
- The Contribution of Revenue and Consumption Cost of Soybean Farmers in Muara Batu Subdistrict Aceh Utara
- The Composition of Women Parliament Members Presence in Local Parliament in Aceh (A Case Study at Provincial Parliament of Aceh Province During the Period of 2014 to 2019)
- Personal Branding Tri Rismaharini the Provision in Media
- Analysis of Factors Affecting the Poverty Level of Farmers Post-Tsunami in Aceh
- Dimension of an Islamic Model Value on the Existence of Syariah Walmart
- Batik Jambi Promotion Based on Social Media in Asean Economics Community
- Islamic Banks in Indonesia: Analysis of Efficiency
- Design of Information Monitoring System Flood Based Internet of Things (IoT)
- Economic Development and Access to Fish Resources: A Review Sociology on Fisherman’s Production Access in Kuala Langsa, Aceh
- Dynamics and Prospect of Wali Nanggroe Institution Post-Conflict in Aceh: Analysis of Policy and Educational Development
- Learning Management of Bahasa in Senior High Schools
- The Difference in the Antimicrobial effect of Katuk Leaf Extract (Sauropus Androgynus (l.) Merr.) Concentration against Escherichia Coli
- City Branding of Denpasar City as a Creative City Through the Denpasar Festival Event
- Semantics Equivalence of Cultural Terms of Meurukon Texts Translated from Acehnese into Indonesian
- Preparation of Activated Carbon From Banana (Musa acuminate L.) peels for Carbon Monoxide Adsorption
- Thermal Behavior of Modified Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Synthesized from Sago (Metroxylon Sagu) with Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate and Castor Oil
- Typhoid Fever Profiles at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh, Indonesia, in 2016-2017
- Student Radicalism Ideology Prevention Strategy: A Study at an Islamic Boarding School in Jabal Nur, North Aceh, Indonesia
- Implementation of Task-Based Learning for Non-English Students: A Practice in Malikussaleh University
- Design of Wild Animal Detection and Rescue System with Passive Infrared and Ultrasonic Sensor based Microcontroller
- Policy of Educational Budget Aceh Regency
- Foreign Direct Investment Inflow into Aceh province of Indonesia After a Peace Agreement
- Design of Web Based Fire Warning System Using Ethernet Wiznet W5500
- Sari Cincau Ngrayun Equals with Modern Ready-to-Drink Beverage
- The Status of Conservation of Mangroves in the Krueng Reuleng River Area, Leupung, Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia
- Analysis of Understanding the Level of Vibration and the Wave Concept with a Demonstration Method for Students in SMAN 1 Peureulak, Aceh
- Screening of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Gore-Sorber Method for Predicting Hydrocarbon Generation
- Incorporating Peace Education into Aqidah Akhlak Subject in East Aceh
- Learning Motivation of Peripheral University Students and its Relation with their English Grades
- Thermal Cracking of Low Temperature Conversion on Low Density Polyethylene Plastic Waste for Liquid Hydrocarbon
- Correlation of Lead and Zinc Contents in Sediments And Faunus Ater Against Faunus Ater Density in Reuleung River, Leupung, Aceh Besar
- The Correlation between Stress Level and Degree of Depression in the Elderly at a Nursing Home in Lhokseumawe in the Year 2017
- Effect of Palm Oil Bunches Microfiller on LDPE-recycled Composite Tensile Strength through Melt Blending Process
- CSR and Profitability in IDX Agricultural Subsectors
- The Crown Witness and the Protection of Human Rights in Criminal Law Verification
- Design and Implementation of SCADA Wireless Communication System for Monitoring the Performance of Microhydro Power Plant Based on Protocol AX.25
- Production of Lipid Biomass in Locally Isolated Microalga Cultivated in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
- An Analysis and Design of a Virtual Collaboration Information System of the Jamu Supply Chain Network Based on a Fair Adaptive Contract
- Adsorption of Manganese (II) Ion in the Water Phase by Citric Acid Activated Carbon of Rice Husk
- Eco-informatics: The Encouragement of Ecological Data Management
- Challenges in Designing ESP Course for First Year Students of Engineering Faculty at Malikussaleh University
- Isotherm and Kinetics of Cd(II) Adsorption by Durian (Durio zibethinus) seed Immobilized into Ca-alginate
- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Learning on Student’s Science Process Skills and Science Attitudes
- Effect of Perception of Facilities, Intensity of Conduct, and Satisfaction of Tax Payers to Submission of Letter by E-Filing Notice on Tax Service
- Aceh: Conflict Development after the Helsinki Agreement
- The Discretionary Accrual in the Financial Statement of a Public Company in Indonesia: A Literature Review
- Inventory and Morphological Characterization of Durian (Durio Zibethinus) in Langkahan and Sawang Sub-District of North Aceh Indonesia
- Model of Sustainable Electrical Power Management: Lamp Efficacy of the National Street Lighting in North Sumatera Province
- Hamming Index for Some Classes of Graphs with Respect to Edge-Vertex Incidence Matrix
- Electrical Automation of Solar Cell-Based Arduino Uno With 16 × LCD Display
- Concept Designs of Patient Information Security Using e-Health Sensor Shield Platform on Blockchain Infrastructure